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Kay Sumfleth CIM/GTZ GIS Expert, Visiting Research Fellow International Rice Research Institute
Outline of Presentation
Background and Context GHG emissions from Asian Rice Fields, Geographic View Underlying natural and anthropogenic factors Current GHG Reporting National Inventory Emission factors for Rice Agriculture under different Management Remote sensing as tool for agricultural monitoring Broad scale applicable agricultural monitoring concepts to generate Certified Emission Reductions from Rice agriculture
Rice Ecosystems
Rice Varieties
Soil Properties
Indigenous Microorganisms
Paddy rice CH4 11% Fertilizers N2O 38% Biomass burning CH4 and N2O 12%
high
low
Emission factors under different (water) management (automated measurements at IRRI, Reiner Wassmann)
Emission factors for Rice Agriculture under different Management are essential for developing new Methodologies under CDM or others
Ecosystem
Mean emission (mg/m2/day) from Sites Los Baos (IRRI) Maligaya (PhilRice) 225.5 Mean
Irrigated Rainfed
233.1 40.3
229.3 40.3
2.3 0.4
61 89
Advantages for developing countries: inward investment, environmental & technology benefits
Project start
Historical Trend
Time
Data we need for developing baseline methodologies studies Site specific GHG emission factor
Measurements of GHG fluxes
Quickbird
Area of interest 16.5 km by 16.5 km 60 cm panchromatic 2.4m multispectral Price: ~ 1000$ -----------Fields 36 under rice cultivation Average field size: 0.54 ha, Sum: 19.4 ha (! just a very small area)
Equation
Equation 5.1 Annual harvested area (wet and dry season Area (ha yr -1) Cultiv. period of rice Baseline emission factor for continuously flooded fields without organic amendments kg CH 4 ha-1 day -1 Table 5.11 A t 19,37 19,37 0.75 0.25 110 110 EF c 1.30 1.30
Equation 5.2 Scaling factor to account for the differences in water regime during the cultivation (-) Table 5.12 SF W 1.00 0.52 Scaling factor to account for the differences in water regime in the preseason before the cultivation period (-) Table 5.13 SF p 1.00 1.00 ROA i Application rate of organic amendment in fresh weight
Equation 5.3 Scaling factor Conversion for both types factor for and amount of organic organic amendment amendment applied (-) Table 5.14 CFOA i 2.5 2.5 0.50 0.50 (-) SF o = (1+ROA i * CFOA i)0.59 SF o 1.33 1.33
(day)
t ha-1
(cont f ) (sing f )
CF AWD
Equation 5.1 Adjusted daily emission factor for a particular harvested area (kg CH4 ha-1 day -1) SF o * SF s,r SFs,r EFi 1 1 2,2 0.88
Equation 5.3
Scaling factor for soil type, rice cultivar, etc., if Rice Subcategories available Ecosys- for reporting tem year1 (-)
Gg CH4 yr -1
6
(cont f ) (sing f )
[GgCH4 yr-1]
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
1 2
Monitoring Agriculture through MODIS (EXAMPLES for the Philippines) - Phenology (yield, biomass, LAI), - Hydrology (water budget/ water regime)
High Jan. to Dec. 2007 Monit. aboveground Biomass MODIS optical data Repetition time: twice a day 500 m Resolution Focus is on all Land cover types
Low
GLC2000
GLOBCOVER
Rainfed croplands Croplands/Vegetation Vegetation/Croplands
BSWM
Double rice Non_Rice Single rice Single rice (low yield) Single/Double rice Upland philsoil
High
Low
10000
18
10000
16
8000
17 8000
14 6000
Latitude
12 4000
10
6000 16
8 2000
Latitude
126
4000
Longitude
15
Developed spatially explicit modeling framework for quantifying crop processes with ORYZA2000
2000
14 0
120.0
120.5
121.0
121.5
122.0
Longitude
Measurements, remote sensing and modeling techniques are necessary to monitor and quantify GHG from agriculture TIER 3 approaches (combination of models such as DNDC and Remote Sensing) are possible even in data sparse regions through remote sensing monitoring techniques for CDM projects. (Pre) - Feasibility studies are needed