NG DNG CHUN GIAO THC MNG ETHERNET TRONG IU KHIN QUANG BO Chng 1. Tng quan v ethernet 1.1.

S lc v qu trnh pht trin ca cc chun Ethernet Metcalfe ri Xeror nm 1979 xng vic s dng my tnh c nhn v mng cc b thnh lp tp on 3Com. ng thuyt phc DEC, Intel v Xerox hp tc a ra mt chun cho Ethernet, ban u dc gi l DIX( Digital/Intel/Xerox) chun ny quy nh tc truyn thng l 10Megabits/s vi 48 bit a ch ch v ngun,v mt trng 16 bit a ch mng. Bn d tho v chun ny c cng b vo ngy 30 thng 9 nm 1980 bi t chc IEEE(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ). N thnh cng so vi 2 h thng c quyn ln l Token Ring v Token Bus. S chm tr vic ra i ca chun Ethernet l do chun CSMA( Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection) kh khn trong vic tr thnh chun m trong IEEE do s cnh tranh ca Token Ring ngh h tr chun ny bi IBM h tr vic chun ha CSMA/CD trong cc t chc tiu chun khc nh ECMA, IEC, ISO. Cc h thng tiu chun c quyn nhanh chng b chm vo qun lng do s pht trin mnh m ca cc thit b da theo chun Ethernet. Trong tin trnh pht trin ca mnh 3Com xy dng mt thit b Ethernet( 1981). N nhanh chng c DEC thit k giao tip c vi my tnh qua Unibus. N c DEC bn v s dng trong ni b mng my tnh ca h, n ln ti 10000 node trong nm 1986, l mng my tnh ln v rng nht trn th gii thi by gi. Li th ca CSMA/CD l tt c c node c th thy c ln nhau mt cch trc tip. Tt c nhng ngi ni u chia s qua mt cp ng trc n, tuy nhin cng l mt gii hn, l ch kt ni vi thit b cui mt ln, packet cn phi c kch thc nh nht m bo truyn song mang thng tin ti all parts of the medium before the transmitter could stop transmitting, thus guaranteeing that collisions (two or more packets initiated within a window of time which

forced them to overlap) would be discovered. Minimum packet size and the physical medium's total length were thus closely linked. na u nhng nm 1980 ethernet truyn thng tin s qua cp ng trc lm bng nikel to c ng 5xu( US) n c bit ti nh l la cp Ethernet ln( 10 Base 5) tip sau l loi cp nh (10 Base 2). Cp 10Base2 c tnh cht ging nh l loi cp antenna cht lng cao ca TV. Cp xon sau c pht trin( 10BaseT) vo gia nhng nm 1980 ban u s dng trong mng hnh sao sau c s dng rng ri thay th cho cp ng trc gim gi thnh. Ethernet c trin khai bao gm h thng cc Hub kt ni bng cp xon. Nm 1989 Kalpana gii thiu Ethernet switch thay th cho d n CSMA/CD vi switch truyn nhn song cng cho h thng t hiu nng cao, gi thnh thp. Nhm DIX bao gm Gary Robinson (DEC), Phil Arst (Intel) v Bob Printis (Xerox) a ra cun tiu chun cng ngh CSMA/CD m dnh cho mng LAN. Ngoi ra cn c cc tiu chun CSMA/CD Token Ring( pht trin bi IBM) v CSMA/CD Token Bus( pht trin bi General Motors) dnh cho mng LAN. Mc tiu ca chun IEEE802 l hng ti mt chun chung dnh cho LAN, iu ny ph thuc rt ln vo s h tr ca cc tp on cho ba chun ni trn. Ethernet c pht trin trong 25 nm v trong tng lai n vn s vn c lien tc c ci tin da trn nhng nn tng sn c

1.2. Cc thnh phn ca Ethernet 1.2.1. Ethernet Frame a. di/loi Frame D liu truyn i c ng gi trong mt khung truyn gi l frame. tng c hai loi frame tng tn ti: - Frame theo chun IEEE 802.3 th trng cha di frame theo sau trng a ch ngun - Frame theo chun Ethernet II (DIX) th trng cha kiu ca frame theo sau trng a ch ngun

Hin nay c hai loi frame u c h tr trong chun IEEE802.3 Kch thc ca frame c th t 64 n 1518 Bytes tr khi c VLAN gn nhn

b.a ch a ch trong Ethernet frame gm a ch ngun v a ch ch. a ch ca mi my trm phi l duy nht trn mi mng LAN. a ch c gn bi nh sn xut 3 byte u tin c gn bi IEEE (Organization Unique Identifier - OUI) a ch ngun phi l a ch ca my trm v a ch ch c 2 cch nh a ch - Unicast, ch l mt my trm khc - Multicast, nh a ch cho nhiu my trm cng lc( mt nhm cc my trm) - Broadcast(FF FF FF FF FF FF) a ch ca tt c cc my trm c. Cc thnh phn khc - Preamble c gi tr 4 bit 1010 - Start of Frame Delimiter byte nh du im bt u ca frame c dung cho tng MAC - Type / Length: di hoc kiu frame( nu di ln hn 1536 bytes)

Data: n v d liu t cc tng cao hn Pad: ch cn khi di frame m rng n 64 bytes Checksum: CRC32 dng kim tra li frame Idle: khong trng gia cc frame t nht l c di 96 bit

1.2.3.Cc lp ca giao thc Ethernet Ethernet lm vic ti lp th hai trong m hnh OSI (OSI Layers 2) tc tng data link. Trong tng data link c chia lm hai tng khc l MAC Layer v Logical Link Control (LLC) Layer. Lp LLC - 802.2 l mt chun gia lp a ch MAC v cc giao thc thuc tng 3 trong m hnh OSI.

Chun Ethernet theo kin trc IEEE802 a. Mac Layer Vic truyn v nhn cc Ethernet Frame thng qua MAC layer, tng ny hot ng ch n cng(Half Duplex) hoc song cng( CSMA/CD) ty thuc vo kh nng h tr ca tng vt l. Ethernet c pht trin trn cc cng ngh cp xon t trc, v n ch cho mt tn hiu duy nht truyn trong mt n v thi gian. V l l do v sao Ethernet cn cng ngh truyn CSMA/CD. Vi nhng switch cao cp, cng ngh truyn Ethernet c s dng cp UTP v fiber, c ch truyn song cng c h tr y . C ch truyn song cng cho php cc i tng va truyn va nhn trong cng mt n v thi gian. Song cng khng dng cng ngh CSMA/CD. Song cng ch s dng khi c i tng (my tnh) v switchs u h tr song cng, cc hub bnh thng s khng th thc hin song cng c. CS - Carrier Sense MA - Multiple Access CD - Collision Detection

Tng MAC c chc nng thc hin vic truyn nhn cc frame, boc tch d liu nhn c a ln cc tng cao hn v ng gi d liu t cc tng cao hn chuyn n tng vt l 1.2.2.Chun Ethernet IEEE802.3 802.3 bao gm 802.3: 10BASE-T 10BASE-5 10BASE-2 10BROAD-36 802.3u Fast Ethernet: 100BASE-TX 100BASE-FX 100BASE-T4 802.3x: Flow Control 802.3z Gigabit Ethernet: 1000BASE-SX / -LX / -CX 802.3ab Copper Gigabit Ethernet: 1000BASE-T 802.3ac Frame Tagging for VLAN support 802.3ad Link Aggregation 802.3ae 10 Gigabit Ethernet: Completion by March 2002 802.3af DTE Power via MDI: Completion by Sept 2001 Thng tin ti tng MAC c hiu nh cc frame chng c ng gi vi a ch ngun v ch (a ch ny l a ch MAC - a ch ca phn cng). a ch MAC bao gm 48 bits trong 3 bytes u c gn bi IEEE v 3 bytes sau l c gn bi nh sn xut phn cng.

m bo qu trnh truyn tin mt cch tin cy ng b d liu truyn Nhn ra li trong qu trnh truyn iu khin truyn Khi nghin cu v Ethernet s tht thiu st nu ch bit cc chun ho ca n mt vn v cng quan trng l phng thc truyn gi tin ca Ethernet:

Ethernet CSMA/CD Cng ngh Ethernet c miu t mt cch n gin: Carrier-sense multiple access / collision detect (CSMA/CD). Ethernet truyn cc gi tin c hiu vi cc tin trnh: Carrier sense - iu ny c hiu nh l nghe trc khi ni. Mt my chun b truyn mt frame i trc tin n nghe xem i tng nhn hin thi ang ri v c th p ng qu trnh truyn tin. Talk if quiet - c hiu nh ch ni khi ang im lng, nu h thng li n s lp li ln sau cho n bao gi n kim tra thy h thng di n bt u truyn tin Collision - Mt sung t xy ra c ngha l s vt qu in p trn cable truyn. Mt xung t xy ra bi hai i tng cng truyn tin trong mt thi im nu xy ra vn ny c hai frames s phi truyn li. Collision detection - nu mt i tng pht hin ra xung t trong qu trnh truyn n s dng li i n khi h thng khng cn xung t n mi truyn gi tin. Backoff sau mt xung t, mt i tng s i sau mt khong thi gian nht nh c gi l backoff, sau thi gian backoff ny h thng s kin tra li v vi thi gian backoff c ly ngu nhin da trn thut tons backoff. N trng li ton b cc i tng yu cu truyn tin trong lc ang xy ra xung t.

Cuc cch mng ca Ethernet Vo nm 1995 chun Fast Ethernet c ra i mang tn 802.3u da trn cng ngh Cat 3-5 hay s dng cp quang l mt bc t ph rt ln, v hin

nay c mt trong hu ht cc mng ni b ca cc t chc hay doanh nghip. Tip sau nm 1998 chun Gigabit Ethernet ra i vi tn 802.3z nh du mt bc ngot trong cng ngh truyn ci tit ng k vic truyn thng tin. Chun 802.3ae ang a vo th nghim nu thnh cng n l mt chun dng trn ng backbone ca mng doanh nghip l ht sc hp l. Chun ny dang hon thin dn v trong tng lai chng ta s chng kin nhiu chun khc mi ra i vi cc tnh nng nng ngy cng u vit hn

1.3.M hnh OSI v cc lp ca m hnh OSI 1.4.M hnh TCP/IP v so snh vi m hnh OSI Chng 2. C s thit k 2.1.Gii thiu chung v module ethernet s dng chip ENC28J60 ca Microchip 2.2.Gii thiu chung v b th vin TCP/IP stack ca Microchip dnh cho vi iu khin PIC 2.3.Gii thiu chung v vi iu khin PIC18F4620 (hoc PIC24FJ128GA010) 2.4.Gii thiu chung v module quang bo dn sc P10 2.5.Cch thc truyn thng vi vi iu khin qua giao thc ethernet 2.6.Cch thc hin th text trn bng quang bo 1 mu Chng 3.Thc hnh thit k 3.1.S nguyn l module ethernet 3.2.S nguyn l module led matrix n sc P10 3.3.S nguyn l Board iu khin 3.4.Source Code phn truyn thng ethernet 3.4.Source code phn hin th Chng 4. Tnh ng dng v hng pht trin ca ti