i Hc Cng Nghip TP.

HCM
Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh

N H C PH N
TI

: Gii

thiu v trin khai Ipv6 trong

h thng mng LAN

Sinh Vin : 1. 07359251- Trn Nguyn Hong Nht 2. 07337091- Dip Trung Hiu Lp : NCTH1B Ging vin hng dn : Cng Thnh

LI CM N

Trong thi gian hc tp ti trng i Hc Cng Nghip TP H Ch Minh, chng em c hc v tip thu nhiu kin thc mi t s ch bo tn tnh ca thy c, s gip ca bn b. T nhng kin thc lm nn tng cho chng em i n thc hin n hc phn ny. c bit chng em xin cm n thy Cng Thnh ngi hng dn,gip chng em trong sut thi gian qua hon thnh tt n hc phn. V nhn y chng em xin cm n n ton th thy c trong Khoa Khoa Hc V K Thut My Tnh, gip chng em v mt kin thc v tinh thn trong sut qu trnh hc tp. Xin c cm n tt c mi ngi h tr v mt ti liu v kin ng gp cho chng em hon thin n hc phn. Cui cng chng em xin chn thnh cm n tt c mi ngi

SINH VIN THC HIN Trn Nguyn Hong Nht Dip Trung Hiu

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Mc lc

Gii thiu chung ..............................................................................................3 I- Tiu IPV6 ...........................................................................................5 a. Datagram header: .................................................................................5 b. Dy tiu (Header Chaining).............................................................6 1- Routing Header (Tiu nh ng)...............................................8 2- Fragmentation ...................................................................................9 3- Cc ty chn (Options) ...................................................................10 II- a ch IPV6 .........................................................................................11 a. Khng gian a ch IPv6.....................................................................11 b. Hnh thc trnh by ............................................................................11 c. Cc loi IPv6 Address ........................................................................12 1- Unicast ............................................................................................12 2- Multicast .........................................................................................12 3- Anycast ...........................................................................................12 d. Cc loi IPv6 - Unicast Address.........................................................12 1- Global unicast addresses (GUA) .....................................................12 2- Link-local addresses (LLA).............................................................13 3- Site-local addresses (SLA) ..............................................................14 4- Unique- local addresses (ULA)Cc a ch c bit (Special addresses)..............................................................................................15 5- Cc a ch c bit (Special addresses) ..........................................15 e. Cc loi IPv6 - Multicast Address......................................................16 f. Cc loi IPv6 - Anycast Address........................................................17 g. Nhn xt IPv6-Interface IP.................................................................17 III- Trin khai DNS v DHCP trn nn IPV6:.............................................19 a- Trin khai DNS trn nn IPv6:...........................................................19 b- Trin khai DHCP trn nn IPv6: ........................................................37
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Gii thiu chung

H thng a ch IPv4 hin nay khng c s thay i v c bn k t RFC 791 pht hnh 1981. Qua thi gian s dng cho n nay pht sinh cc yu t nh : S pht trin mnh m ca h thng Internet dn n s cn kit v a ch Ipv4 Nhu cu v phng thc cu hnh mt cch n gin Nhu cu v Security IP-Level Nhu cu h tr v thng tin vn chuyn d liu thi gian thc (Real time Delivery of Data) cn gi l Quality of Service (QoS)

Da trn cc nhc im bc l k trn, h thng IPv6 hay cn gi l IPng (Next Generation : th h k tip) c xy dng vi cc im chnh nh sau : 1- inh dng phn Header ca cc gi tin theo dng mi Cc gi tin s dng Ipv6 (Ipv6 Packet) c cu trc phn Header thay i nhm tng cng tnh hiu qu s dng thng qua vic di cc vng (field) thng tin khng cn thit (non-essensial) v ty chn (Optional) vo vng m rng (Extension Header Field) 2- Cung cp khng gian a ch rng ln hn 3- Cung cp gii php nh tuyn (Routing) v nh v a ch (Addressing) hiu qu hn -Phng thc cu hnh Host n gin v t ng ngay c khi c hoc khng c DHCP Server (stateful / stateless Host Configuration) 4- Cung cp sn thnh phn Security (Built-in Security) 5- H tr gii php Chuyn giao u tin (Prioritized Delivery) trong Routing 6- Cung cp Protocol mi trong vic tng tc gia cc im kt ni (Nodes ) 7- C kh nng m rng d dng thng qua vic cho php to thm Header ngay sau Ipv6 Packet Header Chng ta c th tham kho 1 Bng so sng gia IPv6 Packet v IPv4 packet sau :

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Bng so snh Ipv6 / Ipv4 IPv4 IPv6

Source and destination addresses Source and destination addresses are 128 bits (16 bytes) are 32 bits (4 bytes) in length. in length. For more information, see IPv6 Addressing. IPsec support is optional. IPsec support is required. For more information, see IPv6 Header. No identification of packet flow for Packet flow identification for QoS handling by routers QoS handling by routers is present is included in the IPv6 header using the Flow Label within the IPv4 header. field. For more information, see IPv6 Header. Fragmentation is done by both Fragmentation is not done by routers, only by the routers and the sending host. sending host. For more information, see IPv6 Header. Header includes a checksum. Header does not include a checksum. For more information, see IPv6 Header. Header includes options. All optional data is moved to IPv6 extension headers. For more information, see IPv6 Header. Address Resolution Protocol ARP Request frames are replaced with multicast (ARP) uses broadcast ARP Neighbor Solicitation messages. For more information, Request frames to resolve an IPv4 see Neighbor Discovery. address to a link layer address. Internet Group Management IGMP is replaced with Multicast Listener Discovery Protocol (IGMP) is used to manage (MLD) messages. For more information, see Multicast local subnet group membership. Listener Discovery. ICMP Router Discovery is used to ICMP Router Discovery is replaced with ICMPv6 determine the IPv4 address of the Router Solicitation and Router Advertisement messages best default gateway and is and is required. For more information, see Neighbor optional. Discovery. Broadcast addresses are used to There are no IPv6 broadcast addresses. Instead, a linksend traffic to all nodes on a local scope all-nodes multicast address is used. For subnet. more information, see Multicast IPv6 Addresses. Must be configured either Does not require manual configuration or DHCP. For manually or through DHCP. more information, see Address Autoconfiguration. Uses host address (A) resource Uses host address (AAAA) resource records in the records in the Domain Name Domain Name System (DNS) to map host names to System (DNS) to map host names IPv6 addresses. For more information, see IPv6 and to IPv4 addresses. DNS. Uses pointer (PTR) resource Uses pointer (PTR) resource records in the IP6.ARPA records in the IN-ADDR.ARPA DNS domain to map IPv6 addresses to host names. For DNS domain to map IPv4 more information, see IPv6 and DNS. addresses to host names. Must support a 576-byte packet Must support a 1280-byte packet size (without size (possibly fragmented). fragmentation). For more information, see IPv6 MTU.

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I-

Tiu IPV6 a. Datagram header:

Vic thit k datagram tp trung vo siwj n gin l ch yu gi cho datagram cng n gin cng tt v gi cho kch thc ca cc tiu n nh. L do chnh ca vic ny l ti a qu trnh x l nhng tiu c kch thc c nh c th c x l 1 cch nhanh chng, gn bng vi tc trn ng dy. nh dng header ca IPv4 gm c nhiu trng c cc trng ty chn khng th on trc c nn kch thc ca header thng c thay i.IPv6 a ra 1 phng php khc: Header c bn c gim nh, 1 kch thc c nh. Ch nhng trng ch yu(nh addresses hoc datagram length) c cha. Cc trng khc c chuyn vo trong tiu m rng(extension headers) m cc tiu ny s c gn vo theo yu cu

Ni dung ca cc trng trong datagram header: Version: nhn dng phin bn dao thc, s c gi tr 6 ch l IPv6 Traffic Class: c thit k cho cht lng dch v(Quality of Service(QOS)). N s phn bit cc lp khc nhau trong hoc l cc dng d liu c quyn(bng cch so snh cc trng tiu khc, v d nh cc a ch ngun/ch) Flow Label: nhn dng 1 dng d liu l 1 nhm datagram c lien quan vi nhau. Payload Length: chiu di ca d liu, ngha l ton b d liu theo sau phn tiu d c bn (bao gm c cc tiu m rng). Trng ny c tnh theo Byte, v kch thc ti da l 64KB Next Header: tiu giao thc, nhn dng loi d liu theo sau c th l d liu ca 1 vi tiu m rng hoc giao thc ca lp cao hn (TCP,UDP). Hop Limit: Gii hn thi gian ca datagram.Node gi s gn 1 gi tr cho trng ny ch thi gian ti a 1 datagram phi c gi ti ch. Ti mi node chuyn tip gi tr ny s c gim xung 1. Nu gi tr ny bng 0, datagram b b qua v 1 ICMP message c gi li cho my gi. N bo v h thng vn ti ca IPv6 khi cc vng lp nh tuyn Source Address: nhn dng my gi, cha a ch IPv6 ca my gi datagram. Destination Address: nhn dng my nhn, y l my hc m datagram phi c chuyn dn a ch IPv6 ca n Chng ta hy so snh phn header ca cc IPv4 v IPv6(hnh 2.2), chiu di tng ca datagram header Ipv6 gp i IPv4(t 20 40 byte) mc d khng gian a ch ca IPv6 gp 4 ln IPv4, bi v ch 1 phn cc trng tiu ca IPv4 c trong IPv6, cc trng tng t nhau c nh s trong hnh 2.2. Ton b dng th 2 trong datagram ca IPv4 c thit k cho fragmentation c chuyn thnh 1 tiu m rng trong IPv6. CPC (cyclic redundancy check) khng c dung trong IPv6 v 2 l do: th 1 s c nh ca frame c -5-

kim tra trong cc lp thp hn, v vy iu l d tha. L do th 2 l CRC lm chm qu trnh x l datagram ti mi node chuyn tip s gim thi gian gii hn ca datagram, v vy n s thay i tiu ny v phi tnh ton li CRC

b. Dy tiu (Header Chaining)

Thay v t cc tiu ty chn vo cui datagram header, nhng ngi thit k IPv6 xa chn 1 phng php khc cc tiu m rng. Cc tiu ny ch c thm vo khi cn, ngha l khi cn phn mnh d liu th tiu phn mnh s c thm vo (fragmentation header). Cc tiu m rng c t sau tiu datagram c bn. S tiu ny th thay i nn cn n 1 vi c ch linh hot d nhn dng chng. C ch ny c gi l day tiu (Header Chaining). N c thc thi bng cch s dng trng Protocol ca IPv4 v cha gi tr nhn dng giao thc (nh l TCP,UDP). Nu c 1 tiu m rng th trng Next Header s quyt nh loi ca n. Mi tiu m rng cng c gn vo theo cch ny mi tiu s khai bo ci no l tiu tip theo, tiu cui cng nhn dng giao thc ca lp cao hn m ni dung ca datagram thuc vo n.

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C 1 s rc ri ng sau c ch gn chui tiu : vic x l ton b cc tiu yu cu phi duyt qua ton b dy tiu m iu ny s cn tr qu trnh x l. gim iu ny, IPv6 ch r th t ca cc tiu m rng c th. Ni chung, cc tiu quan trng lun c t u tin khi chuyn qua cc node chuyn tip, nhng tiu quan trng ch dnh cho my nhn c t cui dy. Thun li ca chui ny l node x l s dng vic kim tra tiu khi n nhn ra rng tiu m rng ch n a ch ch, n c m bo rng khng cn tiu no quan trng hn theo sau. iu ny ci tin qu trnh x l ng k, v trong nhiu trng hp, thi gian kim tra cc tiu c bn c nh c th chuyn datagram . Hnh 2.3 minh ha 1 vi v d v dy tiu . Datagram u tin ch c IPv6 v TCP, datagram th 2 cha 1 tiu m rng (Routing) v ci th bao gm 2 tiu m rng (Routing v Fragment).

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1- Routing Header (Tiu nh ng)

Tiu Routing nh hng n vic nh ng ca datagram. N cho php bn nh ngha 1 vi checkpoints(cc a ch IPv6) m datagram phi i qua. 2 loi tiu Routing (c nhn dng bng 1 trng trong tiu m rng) c nh ngha l: Loi ) l loi ph bin, loi ny cho php 1 chui cc checkpoint ty v loi 2 l loi c n gin c s dng trong lnh vc di ng. S nh ngha d c m rng, v th c 1 vi loi c thm vo sau . u tin, ta s m t loi ph bin. Trong loi ny, tiu routing cha 2 mu thong tin: Chui cc a ch checkpoint. Th m ( c t tn l Segments Left) ch ra cn bao nhiu a ch m chng phi chuyn qua My gi datagram mun s dng chc nng ny thm tiu Routing vo datagram. N t a ch cacheckpoint u tin vo trng a ch ich (Destination Address) ca tiu c bn. N cng thm tiu Routing cha chui cc checkpoint. a ch ch cui cng ca datagram (a ch ch tht s ca n) l a ch cui cng trong chui ny. Segments Left cha s a ch trong chui . Sau datagram s c gi i nh bnh thng Khi c chuyn n Destination Address (thng l checkpoint u tin) b nh tuyn bit rng c tiu Routing v nhn ra rng n ch l 1 my trm trung gian. V th n chuyn i a ch ch thnh a ch th N trong chui tiu Routing (vi N l gi tr hin ti ca Segment Left). Sau , Segment Left gim xung 1 v datagram c gi n ch k tip (im checkpoint k tip). Th tc ny c thc hin ti mi im checkpoint. Nh bn c th nhn thy Segment left c th phn bit c cc a ch c chuyn qua v cc a ch sp c chuyn ti trong chui checkpoint. Khi my nhn nhn thy Segment Left bng 0 th n bit rng y l a ch cui cng ca datagram v datagram s c x l v c chuyn ln giao thc lp cao hn. Ton b c ch c m t trong hnh 2.4.

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2- Fragmentation
Mi cng ngh lp thp hn c s dng vn chuyn datagram IPv6 c s gii hn v kch thc gi. N c gi l MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit). Nu phn datagram IPv6 ln hn MTU, d liu ca n s c chia nh thnh nhng datagram IPv6 nh hn, c gi l cc mnh (fragment). Cc mnh ny sau c chuyn i 1 cch c lp v c tng hp li bi my nhn to nn datagram gc. y l s phn mnh (Fragmentation) Mi mnh l 1 datagram IPv6 mang 1 phn t gc. N c gn 1 tiu m rng Fragment c cha trng d liu quan trong sau: Identification l duy nht i vi mi datagram gc. N c s dng nhn ra nhng mnh trong cng 1 datagram. Offsett l v tr ca d liu c mang bi fragment hin hnh trong datagram gc C More fragments thong bo nu y l fragment cui cng hoc cn cc fragment khc theo sau. Node nhn s gom cc mnh v s dng gi tr trong Identification nhm cc mnh tng t. Nh trng offset m n c th t chng theo ng th t. Khi n thy rng phn data hon thnh v khng c mnh no b mt ( n nhn c mnh m ch ra rng khng c mnh no theo sau), n c th xy dng li datagram c kch thc ln hn kch thc m cng ngh lp thp hn c th chuyn. Tuy nhin, vn c hn ch trong vic thc hin. Vic ti hp d liu ti my nhn l 1 th tc kh kh khn, n yu cu nhiu b nh m gom cc mnh v timer ( gii hn thi gian ti hp v gii phng b nh m khi cc mnh c.) v v..v.. N gim tin cy trong vic truyn datagram bi v nu 1 mnh b mt th ton b datagram gc s b ph hy. Bi v iu ny nn s phn mnh thng khng c a thch. Ipv6 c gng gim iu ny bng cch a ra cc gii hn: Gim MTU c php truyn trn ng kt ni l 1280 byte (thay v 1500 bytes). N s gim nhu cu phn mnh. Ch cc my gi mi c php phn mnh datagram. Nu 1 vi node trung gian cn chuyn n trn 1 ng c MTU khng tha mn, n s hy datagram v gi 1 thng bo ICMP v cho my gi thong bo vic hy datagram. Mi node pha theo di path MTU gi s kt ni cng hiu qu cng tt. Path MTU l MTU nh nht c th truyn trn cp gia my gi v a ch ch ca datagram b hy bi v kch thc ny s c gi i khi c th.

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Path MTU c da trn cc thng bo ICMP m cc thng bo ny s thng bo cc datagram b hy bi v kch thc MTU khng tha mn. Thut ton tnh ton n rt n gin: MTU trn ng kt ni ti s c dung nh l s thit lp u tin. My gi c gng gi 1 datagram theo kch thc ny v c gng gi 1 ln na cho n khi a ch ch nhn c. V mt l thuyt th Path MTU khng hon ho v vic nh hng th linh hot, v th cc path thay i v mi datagram k tip c chuyn ng khc nhau. Tuy nhin trong thc t, vic nh ng khng thay i ng, th my gi s bit ngay lp tc bng cch nhn c 1 thng bo li ICMP v v th n gim gi tr ca MTU

3- Cc ty chn (Options)
Cc tiu cha cc ty chn cung cp vi thng tin thm vo c lin quan n datagram hoc l qu trnh x l ca n. Chng c chia thnh 2 nhm: cc ty chn dnh cho mi node chuyn tip datagram (hop-by-bop optins), v cc ty chn ch dnh cho my nhn (destination options). Hop-by-hop options (nu c) c t vo u dy tiu m rng, bi v chng quan trng i vi cc node chuyn tip datagram. V tr ca destination options th phc tp hn 1 cht. Tht s th c 2 loi destination options: cc ty chn dnh cho my nhn (chng c t cui dy tiu m rng) v cc ty chn c gn cho my host k tip c ch ra bi tiu Routing (ch c t trc tiu Routing).

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 ngha ca cc option: Pad1, PadN Vt m. Chng khng mang ni dung no c, chng ch xp cho ni dung theo sau vo v tr thch hp. Router alert Li thng bo cho b nh tuyn bit ni dung ny l quan trng. Vd:RSVP gi cc thng bo iu khin dnh cho tt c cc b nh ng trn ng truyn, v th chng c gn 1 ty chn Router alert thng bo rng 1 thng bo RSVP c mang bi 1 datagram Jumbo payload Cho php vic chuyn cc datagram m cc datagram ny vt qu ti a l 64Kb. Ty chn Hop-by-hop ny yu cu 1 s x l c bit c th x l cc Jumbogram ny. Home Address y l 1 h tr cho lnh vc di ng. N cha a ch home (c nh) ca vic di chuyn cc node di ng

II-

a ch IPV6
a. Khng gian a ch IPv6
a ch IPv6 (IPv6 Adddress) vi 128 bits a ch cung cp khi lng tng ng s thp phn l 2128 hoc 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 a ch so vi IPv4 vi 32 bits a ch cung cp khi lng tng ng s thp phn l 232 hoc 4,294,967,296 a ch

b. Hnh thc trnh by

IPv6 Address gm 8 nhm, mi nhm 16 bits c biu din dng s Thp lc phn (Hexa-Decimal) Vd-1 : 2001:0DB8:0000:2F3B:02AA:00FF:FE28:9C5A (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) Co th n gin ha vi quy tc sau : - Cho php b cc s khng (0) nm pha trc trong mi nhm - Thay bng 1 s 0 cho nhm c gi tr bng khng - Thay bng :: cho cc nhm lin tip c gi tr bng khng (ch c php c duy nht 1 du :: trong mi a ch Ipv6) Nh vy a ch Vd-1 c th vit li nh sau : Vd-2 : 2001:DB8:0:2F3B:2AA:FF:FE28:9C5A Vd-3 : a ch = FE80:0:0:0:2AA:FF:FE9A:4CA2 C th vit li = FE80::2AA:FF:FE9A:4CA2 (*) Lu : phn Gi tr u (Prefix) c xc nh bi Subnet Mask IPv6 tng t IPv4 Vd-4 : 21DA:D3::/48 c Prefix = 21DA:D3:0 (48 bits) hoc 21DA:D3:0:2F3B::/64 c Prefix = 21DA:D3:0:2F3B ( 64 bits)

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Ch thch : khng b b ng, chng ta nn lu v mt s khi nim trc khi ni v a ch ca IPv6 Host a) Link-Local : khi nim ch v cc Host kt ni cng h thng thit b vt l (tm hiu Hub, Switch) b) Site-Local : khi nim ch v cc Host kt ni cng Site c) Node : im kt ni vo mng (tm hiu l Network Adapter). Mi Node s c nhiu IPv6 Address cn thit (Interface Address) dng cho cc phm vi (Scope), trng thi (State), vn chuyn (Tunnel) khc nhau thay v ch c 1 a ch cn thit nh IPv4 d) Do vy khi ci t IPv6 Protocol trn mt Host, mi Network Adapter s c nhiu IPv6 Address gn cho cc Interface khc nhau

c. Cc loi IPv6 Address 1- Unicast

Unicast Address dng nh v mt Interface trong phm vi cc Unicast Address. Gi tin (Packet) c ch n l Unicast Address s thng qua Routing chuyn n 1 Interface duy nht

2- Multicast
Multicast Address dng nh v nhiu Interfaces. Packet c ch n l Multicast Address s thng qua Routing chuyn n tt c cc Interfaces c cng Multicast Address

3- Anycast
Anycast Address dng nh v nhiu Interfaces. Tuy vy, Packet c ch n l Anycast Address s thng qua Routing chuyn n mt Interfaces trong s cc Interface c cng Anycast Address, thng thng l Interface gn nht (khi nim Gn y c tnh theo khong cch Routing) Trong cc trng hp nu trn, IPv6 Address c cp cho Interface ch khng phi Node, mt Node c th c nh v bi mt trong s cc Interface Address IPv6 khng c dng Broadcast, cc dng Broadcast trong IPv4 c xem nh tng ng Multicast trong Ipv6

d. Cc loi IPv6 - Unicast Address

IPv6 Unicast Address gm cc loi : Global unicast addresses Link-local addresses Site-local addresses Unique local IPv6 unicast addresses Special addresses

1- Global unicast addresses (GUA)

GUA l a ch IPv6 Internet (tng t Public IPv4 Address). Phm vi nh v ca GUA l tan b h thng IPv6 Internet (RFC 3587) - 12 -

001

: 3 bits u lun c gi tr = 001 nh phn (Binary bin) (Prefix = 001 /3)

Global Routing Prefix : gm 45 bits. L a ch c cp cho mt t chc, Cng ty / C quan ..(Organization) khi ng k IPv6 Internet Address (Public IP) Subnet ID : gm 16 bits. L a ch t cp trong t chc to cc Subnets Interface ID : gm 64 bits. L a ch ca Interface trong Subnet C th n gin ha thnh dng nh sau (Global Routing Prefix = 48 bits)

(*) Cc a ch Unicast trong ni b (Local Use Unicast Address) : gm 2 loi : Link-Local Addresses : gm cc a ch dng cho cc Host trong cng Link v Neighbor Discovery Process (quy trnh xc nh cc Nodes trong cng Link) Site-Local Addresses : gm cc a ch dng cc Nodes trong cng Site lin lc vi nhau

2- Link-local addresses (LLA)

LLA l a ch IPv6 dng cho cc Nodes trong cng Link lin lc vi nhau (tng t cc a ch IPv4 = 169.254.X.X). Phm vi s dng ca LLA l trong cng Link (do vy c th b trng lp trong cc Link) Khi dng HH Windows, LLA c cp t ng vi cu trc nh sau :

64 bits u = FE80 l gi tr c nh (Prefix = FE80 :: / 64)

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Interface ID = gm 64 bits . Kt hp vi Physical Address ca Netwoprk Adapter (ni phn sau)

3- Site-local addresses (SLA)

SLA tng t cc a ch Private IPv4 (10.X.X.X, 172.16.X.X, 192.168.X.X) c s dng trong h thng ni b (Intranet). Phm vi s dng SLA l trong cng Site. (*) Site : l khi nim ch mt phn ca h thng mng ti cc ta a l khc nhau

1111 1110 11 = 10 bits u l gi tr c nh (Prefix = FEC0 /10) Subnet ID : gm 54 bits dng xc ng cc Subnets trong cng Site Interface ID : gm 64 bits. L a ch ca Interfaces trong Subnet

(*) Ch thch Vi cu trc nh trnh by phn trn, cc Local Use Unicast Address (Link-local, Site Local) c th b trng lp (trong cc Link khc, Site khc). Do vy khi s dng cc Local Use Unicast Addresss c 1 thng s nh v c thm vo (Additional Identifier) gi l Zone_ID vi c php : Address%Zone_ID Vd-5 : ping fe80::2b0:d0ff:fee9:4143%3 Zone_ID = %3. Trong : Address = Local-Use Address (Link-Local / Site-Local) Zone ID = gi tr nguyn, gi tr tng tng i (so vi Host) xc nh Link hoc Site. Trong cc Windows-Based IPv6 Host, Zone ID c xc nh nh sau : + i vi Link-Local Address (LLA) : Zobe ID l s th t ca Interface (trong Host) kt ni vi Link. C th xem bng lnh : netsh interface ipv6 show interface + i vi Site-Local Address (SLA) : Zone ID l Site ID, c gn cho Site trong Organization. i vi cc Organization ch c 1 Site, Zone ID = Site ID = 1 v c th xem bng lnh : netsh interface ipv6 show address level=verbose

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4- Unique- local addresses (ULA)Cc a ch c bit (Special

addresses)
i vi cc Organization c nhiu Sites, Prefix ca SLA c th b trng lp. C th thay th SLA bng ULA (RFC 4193), ULA l a ch duy nht ca mt Host trong h thng c nhiu Sites vi cu trc:

111 110 : 7 bits u l gi tr c nh FC00/7. L=0 : Local Prefix =FC00 /8 Glocal ID : a ch Site (Site ID). C th gn ty Subnet ID : a ch Subnet trong Site Vi cu trc ny, ULA s tng t GUA v khc nhau phn Prefix nh sau :

5- Cc a ch c bit (Special addresses)

Cc a ch c bit trong IPv6 gm : 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 : a ch khng xc nh (Unspecified address) : a ch Loopback (tng ng IPv4 127.0.0.1)

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IPv4-Cpompatible Address (IPv4CA) : Format : 0:0:0:0:0:0:w.x.y.z Vd : 0:0:0:0:0:0:192.168.1.2 Trong w,x,y,z l cc IPv4 Address

IPv4CA l a ch tng thch ca mt IPv4/IPv6 Node. Khi s dng IPv4CA nh mt IPv6 Destination, gi tin s c ng gi (Packet) vi IPv4 Header truyn trong mi trng IPv4 IPv4-mapped address (IPv4MA) Format : 0:0:0:0:0:FFFF:w.x.y.z (::FFFF:w.x.y.z) Vd : 0:0:0:0:0:FFFF:192.168.1.2 Trong w,x,y,z l cc IPv4 Address

IPv4MA l a ch ca mt IPv4 Only Node i vi mt IPv6 Node, IPv4MA ch c tc dng thng bo v khng c dng nh Resource hoc Destination Address 6to4 Address L a ch s dng trong lin lc gia cc IPv4/IPv6 nodes trong h thng h tng IPv4 (IPv4 Routing Infrastructure). 6to4 c to bi Prefix gm 64 bits nh sau : Prefix = 2002/16 + 32 bits IPv4 Address =64 bits 6to4 Address l a ch ca Tunnel (Tulneling Address) nh ngha bi RFC 3056

e. Cc loi IPv6 - Multicast Address

Multicast Address ca IPv6 Node c hat ng tng t Maulticast trong IPv4. Mt IPv6 Node c th tip nhn tn hiu ca nhiu Multicast Address cng lc. IPv6 Node c th tham gia hoc ri khi mt IPv6 Multicast Address bt k lc no V d v mt s IPv65 Multicast Address c s dng : FF01::1 (interface-local scope all-nodes multicast address) FF02::1 (link-local scope all-nodes multicast address) FF01::2 (interface-local scope all-routers multicast address) FF02::2 (link-local scope all-routers multicast address) FF05::2 (site-local scope all-routers multicast address) Solicited-Node Address (SNA) L a ch s dng trong quy trnh phn gii cp a ch LLA (Link-Local Address) t ng cho cc Node (tng t quy trnh t cp a ch 169.254.X.X trong IPv4)

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SNA c dng : FF02:0:0:0:0:1:FF / 104 + 24 bits a ch MAC

f. Cc loi IPv6 - Anycast Address

Anycast Address c th gn cho nhiu Interfaces, gi tin chuyn n Anycast Address s c vn chuyn bi h thng Routing n Interface gn nht. Hin nay, Anycast Address ch c dng nh Destination Address v gn cho cc Router

g. Nhn xt IPv6-Interface IP
-Trong tt c cc loi a ch ni trn u c gi tr Interface ID dng xc nh Interface. Gi tr Interface ID c xem xt v to nn theo cc yu t sau : - Xc nh bi Extended Unique Identifier (EUI)-64 Address (*) . EUI-64 Address c th do gn hoc kt hp vi MAC (physical) Address ca Network Adapter (Window XP / Windows 2k3) - c gn tm thi vi gi tr ngu nhin (**) (RFC 3041) - c to thnh bi Link-layer address hoc Serial Number khi cu hnh Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) - T cp (manual address configuration) - L mt gi tr pht sinh ngu nhin v gn thng trc cho Interface (Windows Vista / LogHorn) Extended Unique Identifier (EUI)-64 Address (*) EUI-64 Address xc nh phong thc to 64 bits Interface ID bng cch kt hp Mac Address ca Network Adapter (48 bits) theo quy tc nh sau :

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Mac Address = 6 nhm 8 bits = 48 bits. Trong 24 bits l m nh sn xut, 24 bits l m s Adapter Bc 1 : Tch i MAC Address lm 2 nhm (mi nhm 24 bits), chn vo gia 16 bits gi tr FFFE Bc 2 : o ngc gi tr bit th 7 ca nhm u V d : Network Adapter c MAC address = 00-AA-00-3F-2A-1C Bc 1 00-AA-00-FF:FE-3F-2A-1C Bc 2 02-AA-00-FF-FE-3F-2A-1C Interface ID = 02AA:00FF:FE3F:2A1C (64 bits)

Bng so snh tng ng gia IPv4 v IPv6

IPv4 Address Internet address classes Multicast addresses (224.0.0.0/4) Broadcast addresses Unspecified address is 0.0.0.0 Loopback address is 127.0.0.1 Public IP addresses Private IP addresses (10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, and 192.168.0.0/16) Autoconfigured addresses (169.254.0.0/16) Text representation: Dotted decimal notation IPv6 Address Not applicable in IPv6 IPv6 multicast addresses (FF00::/8) Not applicable in IPv6 Unspecified address is :: Loopback address is ::1 Global unicast addresses Site-local addresses (FEC0::/10) Link-local addresses (FE80::/64)

Text representation: Colon hexadecimal format with suppression of leading zeros and zero compression. IPv4-compatible addresses are expressed in dotted decimal notation. Network bits representation: Subnet Network bits representation: Prefix length notation mask in dotted decimal notation or only prefix length DNS name resolution: IPv4 host DNS name resolution: IPv6 host address (AAAA) address (A) resource record resource record DNS reverse resolution: DNS reverse resolution: IP6.ARPA domain IN-ADDR.ARPA domain

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III- Trin khai DNS v DHCP trn nn IPV6:

Chun b:
Chun b 2 my: - My Server: Windows Server 2008 - My Client: Windows Server 2008, Windows 7 hoc Windows Vista

a- Trin khai DNS trn nn IPv6:

1- Cu hnh TCP/IP :
Ti my Server, log on Administrator, vo Start\Settings chn Network Connections Trong ca s Network Connections, chut phi Local Area Connection chn Properties Hp thoi Local Area Connection Properties, b du chn Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4), chn Internet Protocol Version 6 (TCP/IPv6), chn Properties

Trong ca s Internet Protocol Version 6 (TCP/IPv6) Properties, nhp thng s TCP/IP nh sau: IPv6 address: fc00:192:168:5::1 Subnet prefix length: 64 Preferred DNS server: fc00:192:168:5::1

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M System t Control Panel, trong ca s System chn Change settings

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Trong hp thoi System Properties, vo tab Computer Name, chn Change

Hp thoi Computer Name/Domain Changes, chn More

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Hp thoi DNS Suffix and NetBIOS Computer Name, nhp hui.edu.vn vo Primary DNS suffix of this computer, chn OK

Trong hp thoi System Properties, chn Close

Hp thoi yu cu restart my, chn Restart Now

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Sau khi khi ng my thnh cng, log on Administrator, m command line, g lnh ipconfig /all, kim tra thng tin nh trong hnh bn di.

2- Ci t DNS Server role

Ti my Server, log on Administrator, m Server Manager t Administrative Tools Trong ca s Server Manager, chut phi Roles chn Add Roles

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Hp thoi Before You Begin, chn Next

Trong hp thoi Select Server Roles, nh du chn DNS Server, chn Next

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Hp thoi DNS Server, chn Next

Hp thoi Confirm Installation Selections, chn Install

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Hp thoi Install Results, chn Close

3- Cu hnh DNS Server

Ti my Server, sau khi ci t DNS thnh cng, m DNS Manager t Administrative Tools Trong ca s DNS Manager, bung DC, chut phi Forward Lookup Zones, chn New Zone

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Hp thoi Welcome to the New Zone Wizard, chn Next

Trong hp thoi Zone Type, chn Primary zone, chn Next

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Hp thoi Zone Name, nhp hui.edu.vn vo Zone name, chn Next

Hp thoi Zone File, chn Next

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Trong hp thoi Dynamic Update, chn Allow both nonsecure and secure dynamic updates, chn Next

Hp thoi Completing the New Zone Wizard, chn Finish

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Trong ca s DNS Manager, kim tra to thnh cng zone hui.edu.vn, trong zone hui.edu.vn c IPv6 Host record DC

Trong ca s DNS Manager, chut phi Reverse Lookup Zones, chn New Zone

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Hp thoi Welcome to the New Zone Wizard, chn Next

Trong hp thoi Zone Type, chn Primary zone, chn Next

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Trong hp thoi Reverse Lookup Zone Name, chn IPv6 Reverse Lookup Zone, chn Next

Trong hp thoi Reverse Lookup Zone Name, nhp a ch nh trong hnh bn di

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Hp thoi Zone File, nhp huieduvnnet.dns vo Create a new file with this file name, chn Next

Trong hp thoi Dynamic Update, chn Allow both nonsecure and secure dynamic updates, chn Next

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Hp thoi Completing the New Zone Wizard, chn Finish

Trong ca s DNS Manager, kim tra to thnh cng Reverse Lookup Zone

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- 35 -

M Command Line, g lnh ipconfig /registerdns

M DNS Manager, vo zone 5.0.0.0.8.6.1.0.2.9.1.0.0.0.c.f.ip6.arpa, kim tra c Pointer record nh trong hnh bn di

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M Command Line, g lnh dnscmd /config /enableIPv6 1

b- Trin khai DHCP trn nn IPv6:

1. Ci t DHCP Server role
Ti my Server, m Server Manager t Administrative Tools, chut phi Roles chn Add Roles

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Hp thoi Before You Begin, chn Next

Trong hp thoi Select Server Roles, nh du chn DHCP Server, chn Next

- 38 -

Hp thoi DHCP Server, chn Next

Hp thoi Select Network Connection Bindings, kim tra c nh du chn fc00:192:168:5::1, chn Next

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Hp thoi Specify IPv4 DNS Server Settings, chn Next

Hp thoi Specify IPv4 WINS Server Settings, chn WINS is not required for applications on the network, chn Next

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Hp thoi Add or Edit DHCP Scopes, chn Next

Trong hp thoi Configure DHCPv6 Stateless Mode, chn Enable DHCPv6 stateless mode for this server, chn Next

- 41 -

Trong hp thoi Specify IPv6 DNS Server Settings, nhp hui.edu.vn vo Parent Domain, nhp fc00:192:168:5::1 vo Preferred DNS Server IPv6 Address, chn Next

- 42 -

Hp thoi Confirm Installation Selections, chn Install

- 43 -

Hp thoi Installation Results, chn Close

- 44 -

b- Cu hnh DHCP Scope: Ti my Server, sau khi ci t DHCP thnh cng, m DHCP t Administrative Tool Trong ca s DHCP, bung dc.hui.edu.vn, chut phi IPv6 chn New Scope

Hp thoi Welcome to the New Scope Wizard, chn Next

Trong hp thoi Scope Name, nhp IPv6 Scope vo Name, chn Next

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Trong hp thoi Scope Prefix nhp fc00:92:168:5:: vo Prefix, chn Next

- 46 -

Hp thoi Add Exclusions, chn Next

- 47 -

Hp thoi Scope Lease, chn Next

Hp thoi Completing the New Scope Wizard, chn Finish

- 48 -

Trong ca s DHCP, bung IPv6, chut phi Scope[fc00:192:168:5::] chn Properties

Trong hp thoi Scope[fc00:192:168:5::] Scope Properties, qua tab DNS, chn Always dynamically update DNS AAA and PTR record, chn OK

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c- Cu hnh Client s dng IPv6

Ti my Client, log on Administrator, vo Start\Setting\Control Pannel chn Network and internet\Network sharing chn Change adapter setting.

Sau chut phi Local Area Connection, chn Properties

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Trong hp thoi Local Area Connection Properties, b du chn Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4), nh du chn Internet Protocol Version 6 (TCP/IPv6), chn Properties

Trong hp thoi Internet Protocol Version 6 (TCP/IPv6) Properties, chn Obtain an IPv6 address automatically v Obtain DNS server address automatically, chn OK

- 51 -

M Command Line, g lnh c c php : netsh interface ipv6 set interface tn card mng managedaddess=enabled otherstateful=enabled routerdiscovery=dhcp

M System t Control Panel, chn Change settings

- 52 -

Trong hp thoi System Properties, chn Change

Hp thoi Computer Name/Domain Changes, chn More

- 53 -

Trong hp thoi DNS Suffix and NetbIOS Computer Name, nhp hui.edu.vn vo Primary DNS suffix of this computer, chn OK

Hp thoi System Properties, chn Close

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Hp thoi Microsoft Windows, chn Restart Now

Sau khi khi ng my Client, m Command Line, g lnh ipconfig /registerdns

Trong ca s Command Line, g lnh ipconfig /all, kim tra my Client nhn c thng s TCP/IP t my Server cung cp

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- 56 -

Kim tra kt qu
Ti my Server, m DNS Manager, bung dc\Forward Lookup Zones, kim tra trong zone hui.edu.vn c host record ca my Client

Trong ca s DNS Manager, bung DC\Reverse Lookup Zones, kim tra c pointer record ca my Client

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- 58 -