: 1

2 3

(Educational
inequality)


()

1.
1.1
Thomas, Wang, Fan (2001)
Barro, Mankiw
Levine
(Enrollment ratio)
(Flow of
accessibility) (Stock
of human capital) (Stock
variable) (Attainment measured by years of schooling)

bankngam@yahoo.com
2
()
3

1/29






(Input quality) (Output quality)

(Pupil-Teacher ratio), (Expenditure per capita),
,
(Proxy)


( )
Hanushek

(Test score of
cognitive

performance)

(Over-coaching)

2/29

1.2

(Distribution of education)
(Standard deviation of schooling)

(Standard deviation: S.D.)

(, )

( )

1
2
3
4
5

A B
10
15
6
3
8
6
9
10
7
12
8
9.2
1.6

4.8

3/29

 1
A B 1 5
A 8
B A
( ) B
1 15
2 3
A B

1.3

(Equity) (Efficiency)

(Horizontal equity) (Vertical equity)

(Equality)



(Inequality in opportunity)




(input equality)

(

4/29

(Series) 4

(Econometrics)
2. :
Socio-Economic Survey (SES) ..2554

2.1 2.2
(Econometrics)
( )
2.3 2.4

,

(2555)
(Accountability system)

5/29

2.1
2.1.1
3
( ) ..2554

( )


( )
( )

1

: SES (2011)

6/29

2.1.2




15-35 (
4)



-
2

: SES (2011)

7/29

2.1.3





()
5
3 ( )

: SES (2011)
5 (
)

,

21-22

8/29

: SES (2011)

(intra-regional inequality)

( Globalization
)


(Municipal) (Non-municipal)
6

9/29


SES (2011)




6

2.2 (Econometrics)
2.2.1
2 (Marginal effects)
20
2554 (SES, 2011)
2
1.


2 20


1
2.






3

10/29

3.

1



4.

3
4

1
2 20
2554

-0.105**

-0.129**

0.717**

( )
-2.861**

-
-2.384**
"
-
-1.799**
"

-0.595**

-1.286**


-0.389**
"

11/29

-1.14**


-1.558**

-0.29**

"

"
"
"

-0.242**

-0.071**

-0.445**



-4.083**
( )

/
-4.409**
"

-3.696**
"

-4.21**
"

-3.483**
"

-2.752**
"

-1.246**
"

-1.38**
"
:

(R2 ): 0.495
: ***,** * 1, 5, and 10%
Ordinary Least Square
(Standard Errors) heteroskedasticity-robust standard errors

12/29

2.2.2
(Social
determinant of health)






1)
2)
3)

(
4 )




3
1.



2.


3.

(
)
4.

13/29



5.


6.




3
2554

0*
0.0000064
0**
^2
0.0000042** 0.0000038** 0.0000062**

-0.004**
-0.003**
-0.001**

-0.008**
-0.008**
-0.014**

-0.003**
-0.002**
-0.001**
"

-0.002**
-0.000055
-0.002**
"

14/29


-0.024**
-0.025**
-0.01**
-0.03**

-0.032**

0.023**

(
)

-0.024**

-0.025**

0.006**

"

-0.018**

-0.018**

0.002**

"

-0.008**
-0.008**
-0.007**
-0.007**
-0.007**
-0.007**

-0.004**
-0.011**
0.012**

"
"

-0.003**

-0.003**

0.001**

-0.01**

-0.01**

-0.002**

-0.016**

-0.016**

-0.013**

"

-0.014**

-0.013**

-0.012**

"

-0.007**
-0.007**
0.011**

"

( )

-

-

(
)

-0.008**

-0.007**

-0.006**

-0.003**

-0.002**

-0.009**

"

15/29

-0.018**
-0.017**
-0.04**

-0.009**
-0.009**
0
"

-0.012**
-0.011**
-0.018**
"

-0.014**
-0.013**
-0.015**
"

-0.006**
-0.005**
-0.004**
"

0.017**
0.014**
0.027**
"
:

0.310
.301
0.320
(R2 ):
: ***,** * 1, 5, and 10%
Ordinary Least Square
(Standard Errors) heteroskedasticity-robust standard error
2.3

16/29

2.3.1 vs

: Ahuja, Chucherd, & Pootrakool (2006)

7

(illiterate)

17/29




( 8)
54.8

: (,
,
, 2555)


9
.. 2549 10 .. 2552

18/29


-
10 ..2555 Ahuja,
Chucherd, & Pootrakool (2006)

.. 2548

7

..2549

: Ahuja, Chucherd, & Pootrakool (2006)

..2548 .. 2549
8

..2552

: (2552) (2555)

19/29






GDP
( 11)
()
(Accountability system)


(
)

9 GDP

: (,
,
, 2555)

20/29




,

(2555)




2.3.2 vs
..2554
(Supply side)

75
(Demand side)

25 .. 2547 : 83: 17
(
,

, 2555 )

2.4

2554
,
,
(2555)

2.4.1
(2554) 12

21/29

 (
SES-2011 5)
IQ (Intelligent Quotient)
IQ
10 IQ

1
3

: (2554)
13 IQ

IQ IQ

IQ



11 IQ

1
3

: (2554)

22/29

2.4.2

3
PISA, TIMSS
O-NET
,
,
(2555)

14- 16
12

: ,
,
(2555)
14
IQ


15

23/29


(.2)
(.)
(. .) (.1)

13

: ,
,
(2555)
3.
,

(Social determinant of health)

3.1

24/29


4

(Enrollment

ratio)

(Attainment measured by years of schooling)

(Pupil-Teacher ratio), (Expenditure per capita),
,

( National

test,

O-NET)

( PISA), (IQ.)

3.2

25/29

 :

( )

(
)

50

(Drop out)
3
6

26/29

IQ (Intelligent
Quotient) IQ

IQ

IQ IQ

3.3

27/29









3.4





(input)
(output)

,

, . (2555)

( )

28/29


Kobsak Pootrakool, Thitima Chucherd, Ashvin Ahuja. (2006). Human Capital Policy:
Building a Comparative Workforce for 21th Century Thailand. Bank of Thailand.
Vinod Thomas, Yan Wang, Xibo Fan. (2001). Measureing Education Inequality: Gini
Coefficients of Education. World Bank.
. (2554). 2554 . .
. (2552). 2552: .
, . : http://203.146.15.234/eis/

,

, . (2555).
.
(TDRI).
. (2555). ..2555. :
.
,
,
. (2555).
:
. (TDRI).

29/29