Andrew Rousset

Final Project
Aragorns Poem & Bilbos Walking Song I. Translation Line by Line (Aragorns Poem) Ilya ya na malta u miriyla, All that is gold does not glitter, U ily i randar nar vanw; Not all those who wander are lost; I linyenwa ya na polda u quel, The old that is strong does not wither, Nr sulcar um rahtan i nicsenen. Deep roots are not reached by the frost. I astollor nr nauva cuivina, From the dusts fire shall be woken, Cala i lumbulellor tuyuva; Light from the shadows shall spring; Envinyina nauva macil ya nan rcina, Renewed shall be sword that was broken, I urna ata nauva aran. The uncrowned again shall be king. All that is gold does not glitter, not all those who wander are lost; the old that is strong does not wither, deep roots are not reached by the frost. From the dusts fire shall be woken, light from the shadows shall spring; Renewed shall be sword that was broken, the uncrowned again shall be king. II. Aragorns Poem (Original) All that is gold does not glitter, Not all those who wander are lost; The old that is strong does not wither, Deep roots are not reached by the frost. From the ashes a fire shall be woken, A light from the shadows shall spring;

Renewed shall be blade that was broken, The crownless again shall be king. --Lord of the Rings, pg. 167 III. Analysis Line 1: Ilya ya na malta all.SG that be.pres.SG gold.SG u not miriyla glitter.hab.SG

This sentence was an almost direct translation, with the exception of does not being present in the Quenya translation. Although, the meaning is still there. Miriyla is in the habitual here, and because its a weak verb, there is no special ending to indicate its habitual form. Line 2: U ilya- i randa-r na-r not all.PL those who wander.hab.PL be.pres.PL vanwa- lost.PL

i preceding a verb takes on the meaning of the one who/those who. (Taken from Taryn Easts Quenya-English Dictionary) This sentence also worked well in translating into Quenya. Vanwa is inflected with the ending to agree in number with the plural subject, which I think the subject is those who wander. Line 3: I linyenwa ya the old.SG that na polda u quel- be.pres.SG strong.SG not wither.hab.SG

This sentence is similar to the first, because it translates almost directly, with the exception of does. The subject of the sentence is old, even though it is an adjective it still plays the role of a noun. The habitual for quel was formed by adding the ending to it. Line 4: Nra- sulca-r deep.PL root.PL um rahta-n are not reach.past.SG i the nics-nen frost.instr.SG

I made use of the negative copula, in the past tense, to say the frost did not reach the deep roots. I used the instrumental case marker, -nen, on frost, because it was the means by which the roots were being reached by. Line 5: I asto-llor nr the dust.abl.PL fire.SG na-uva cuiva-ina be.fut.SG wake.pass.SG

I could not find any word in Quenya for ash, so I found asto which means dusts. It carries near the same meaning. The basic meaning of the sentence is that a fire will be woken from the dusts (ashes). So, I used the ablative case, -llor, on dusts to indicate this relationship. Cuiva- is in the passive participle form to modify fire, and so it is marked by the ina ending. And to say that it will happen in the future, na- is inflected with the future tense ending uva.

Line 6: Cala i lumbul-llor tuia-uva light.SG the shadow.abl.PL spring.fut.SG This line was straight forward as well. The light will spring out of the shadows, so I used the plural ablative case marker, -llor, on lumbul to indicate this relationship and to say that it will happen in the future, tuia- is marked with the future tense ending uva. Line 7: Envinya-ina na-uva macil renew.pass.SG be.fut.SG sword.SG ya that n-n be.past.SG rc-ina break.pass.SG

Envinya- is in the passive participle form to modify sword, the future tense of nais to say something will happen to the sword in the future. Whereas na- is in the past tense after sword to say what has already happened to it. Rc- is in the passive participial form to modify sword, so it is marked by the ina ending. So, the basic meaning is the sword that was once broken shall be restored. Line 8: I u-rna ata na-uva the un + crowned.SG again be.fut.SG aran king.SG

I could not find any way to specifically say crownless in Quenya. So, I found the adjective crowned, rina, and decided to negate it using u-. I made use of Quenyas ability to use adjectives as subjects, so urina is the subject of this sentence. The basic meaning is that the crownless person will be king again sometime in the future. As such, na- is inflected with the future tense ending -uva to convey this meaning

Key: SG = singular PL = plural fut = future tense past = past tense pres = present tense hab = habitual pass = passive participle instr = instrumental abl = ablative

IV. Vocabulary aran king noun

ata again adverb asto dust noun cala light noun cuiva (to) wake verb envinya (to) renew verb ilya all pronoun linyenwa old adjective lumbul shadow noun macil sword noun malta gold noun mirilya (to) glitter verb nr fire noun nics frost noun nra deep adjective polda strong adjective quel (to) wither verb rc (to) break verb rahta (to) rahta verb randa (to) wnader verb rna crowned adjective sulca root noun tuia (to) spring verb u not/un- um not be um (past tense) vanwa lost adjective ya that VI. Translation Line by Line (Bilbos Walking Song) I Ti lelya oionna The Road goes to an endless period Undu i andollo yass autans. Down from the door where it originated. S hya i Ti lelyan, Now far off the Road has gone, Ar nai polin hilya, And be it that I am able to follow, Roitalas yerna talunen, Pursuing it with worn-out feet, Tenna mantany analta ti Until it meets [some] larger road

Yassen lini tir ar mestar omantar. Where many roads and journeys meet. Ar mass san? U polin quet. And where then? I cannot say. The Road goes to an endless period down from the door where it originated. Now far off the Road has gone, and be it that I am able to follow, pursuing it with worn-out feet, until it meets [some] larger road where many roads and journeys meet. And where then? I cannot say. V. Bilbos Walking Song (Original) Note: Frodos Version The Road goes ever on and on Down from the door where it began. Now far ahead the Road has gone, And I must follow, if I can, Pursuing it with weary feet, Until it joins some larger way Where many paths and errands meet. And wither then? I cannot say. --Lord of the Rings, pg. 72 VII. Analysis Line 1: I Ti lelya oio-nna the road.SG go.pres.SG endless period.all.SG There really wasnt anyway to say ever on and on in Quenya, so I used oio with the allative case marking to convey the meaning of the road continuing to forever. Line 2: Undu i ando-llo down the door.abl.SG yass where auta-n-s originate.past.3P.SG

Here, instead of the verb to begin, I used the verb to originate. The meaning of the sentence is basically saying that the road begins down from the door. So, I used the ablative case marker, -llo, on ando to indicate this relationship. The preposition undu, down in English, clarifies where the road begins from the door. Line 3: S hya now far off i Ti lelya-n the road.SG go.past.SG

Instead of far ahead, I found an adjective, hya, that means far off, which has about the same meaning as far ahead. This sentence was relatively straight forward in its meaning. The meaning is the road goes far ahead in the distance. Line 4: Ar nai pol-in hilya and be it that can.pres.1P.SG follow.inf.SG I had to rephrase this entire line, because there really was no way to say it in its original form in Quenya. So, instead, I rephrased the sentence and tried to keep the same meaning. I used nai polin to express that possibly the person was wishing to follow the road if he could, which has about the same meaning of the original. Polin is inflected for the first person with in. The i is a vowel cluster buster. Line 5: Roita-la-s yerna tl-u-nen pursue.act.3P.SG worn-out.SG foot.dual.instr Roita-, to pursue in English, is in the active participle, so it is marked with the ending, -la. It also has the s ending to indicate the 3rd person object clitic, so Roitalas means Pursuing it. Feet are the means by which this person is pursing the road, so it is inflected with nen to indicate the instrumental case. Feet in this context is dual, because it is presumably a pair of feet. The adjective yerna modifies the feet, saying they are worn-out (or weary in the original). Line 6: Tenna ment-a-s an-alta ti until meet.pres.3P.SG larger.SG road.SG For to meet, I found omenti, which means meeting together. I took off the prefix o- that means together. I then took off the i gerundial ending to get the base form of the verb, ment-. The an- prefix on the adjective alta is to intensify the meaning of the adjective, so it acts a little like the superlative. So it could be translated as larger. Line 7: Yassen lin-i ti-r ar mesta-r ment-a-r where many.PL road.PL and journey.PL meet.pres.PL Yassen is the relative pronoun, where, and is plural to agree with roads and journeys. The overall composition of the sentence is nearly the same as the original except for one detail: I couldnt find a Quenya word that meant errand. So, instead, I found a word that is as close to the same meaning as I could find, which was mesta, or journey in English. The basic meaning of the sentence is that the meeting between the particular road and the larger was is a crossroads, because of the many roads meeting and many errands taking place.

Line 8: Ar mass san? U pol-in quet- and where then not can.pres.1P.SG say.inf.SG Mass appears here instead of yass, because that is the interrogative form. U is placed before the verb pol-, which is inflected for the first person by in, to negate it. So the phrase is I cannot say. The overall meaning of this line is that the person is unsure of where he will go now that he has reached the crossroads. The verb quet- is in the infinitive and as such carries the ending. Key: SG = singular PL = plural fut = future tense past = past tense pres = present tense inf = infinitive act = active participle pass = passive participle instr = instrumental abl = ablative all = allative

VIII. Vocabulary alta large adjective an superlative prefix ando entrance noun ar and conjunction auta (to) originate verb hya far away, far off adjective phrase hilya (to) follow verb lelya (to) go verb lin many adjective
mass where pronoun (interrogative)

mesta journey noun nai be it that adverb phrase oio an endless period noun ment (to) meet verb pol (to) be able, can verb quet (to) say verb roita (to) pursue verb san then adverb tl foot noun tenna until adverb

ti road noun u not/un- undu down preposition yass where relative pronoun yerna worn-out adjective

IX. Sources East, Taryn. Quenya-English Dictionary. 28 Dec. 2002. <http://courses.utexas.edu/courses/1/2004_spring_37110_LIN_312/content/_5978 60_1/QuenyaDictionary.pdf> Fauskanger, K. Helge. Quenya-English English-Quenya Dictionary. Jan. 2003. < http://arj.nvg.org/tolklang/QuettaParma.pdf> Renk, Thorsten. Quetin i lambe eldaiva a Quenya-Course. 23 Apr. 2004. <http://home.agh.edu.pl/~evermind/mathom/quetin_lambe_eldaiva_en_part1.zip>