ti

" Thit k h
thng chng ct
Aceton Acid
Acetic "

M U
Ngy nay cng vi s pht trin vt bc ca nn cng nghip th gii v
nc nh, cc ngnh cng nghip cn rt nhiu ho cht c tinh khit cao .
Chng ct l mt trong cc qu trnh hay dng lm sch cc cht lng. Vic
thit k h thng chng ct, vi mc ch l tch aceton ra khi hn hp Aceton
Acid Acetic l mt trong cc nhim v ca k s ngnh cng ngh ha hc .
V th, ti Thit k h thng chng ct Aceton Acid Acetic ca mn
An Mn Hc Qu Trnh Thit B cng l mt bc gip cho sinh vin tp luyn
v chun b cho vic thit k qu trnh & thit b cng ngh trong lnh vc ny.
Tp thuyt minh n mn hc ny gm 7 phn :
Phn I
: Tng quan
Phn II : Thuyt minh qui trnh cng ngh
Phn III : Cn bng vt cht v nng lng
Phn IV : Tnh ton cc kch thc c bn ca thp
Phn V : Tnh chp v tr lc ca thp
Phn V I : Tnh ton c kh
Phn VII : Tnh thit b truyn nhit
Phn VIII : Tnh chiu cao bn cao v
Phn IX : Tnh cch nhit
Phn X
: Tnh ton gi thnh cho thit b
Ti liu tham kho
hon thnh n ny , thc s em c gng rt nhiu . Song , v y l
bc u lm quen vi cng tc thit k nn chc hn khng trnh khi nhng sai
st.
Cui cng , em xin chn thnh cm n cc thy c trong b mn My Thit
B , c bit l thy Trn Tn Vit , ngi trc tip hng dn v gip em rt
nhiu trong sut thi gian thc hin n thit k ny .

I-TNG QUAN:
Aceton v acid acetic l hai loi ho cht quan trng trong nghnh cng nghip
ha cht.
Aceton : Phn ln c dng lm dung mi nht l trong cng nghip sn xut
nha, vecni, cht do. Aceton lm dung mi tt i vi cc nitro xeluloza, acetyl
xenluloza. N t c nn c dng lm dung mi c trong cng nghip dc phm
v thc phm. Aceton cn c dng lm nguyn liu tng hp mt s ln cc
hp cht xeten, izopren, oxit mezytyl, ru diacetomic
Acid acetic: l mt loi acid quan trng nht trong cc loi acid hu c. N r
nn c ng dng rng ri v l ho cht c bn iu ch nhiu hp cht quan
trng. Acid acetic c ng dng trong cc nghnh :
+ Lm dm n.
+ nh ng m cao su
+ Lm cht do t la xeluloza acetat .
+ Lm phim nh khng nhy la.
+ Lm cht kt dnh polyvinyl acetat .
+ Lm phm mu, dc phm, nc hoa tng hp.
Chng ct l qu trnh dng nhit tch mt hn hp lng ra thnh cc cu
t ring bit da vo bay hi khc nhau ca cc cu t trong hn hp cng mt
nhit
V thit b : c th s dng cc loi thp chng ct sau :
-Thp chng ct dng mm xuyn l hoc mm a li
-Thp chng ct dng mm chp
-Thp m (thp chng ct dng vt chm )
Nhn xt v u khuyt im ca tng loi thp :
-Thp mm xuyn l
u im : ch to n gin , v sinh d dng , tr lc thp hn thp chp , t tn
kim loi hn thp chp
Nhc im : yu cu lp t cao : mm lp phi rt phng , i vi nhng thp c
ng knh qu ln (>2.4m) t dng mm xuyn l v khi cht lng phn phi
khng u trn mm
-Thp chp
u im : hiu sut truyn khi cao , n nh , t tiu hao nng lng hn nn c s
mm t hn
Nhc im : ch to phc tp , tr lc ln
-Thp m :
u im :ch to n gin , tr lc thp
Nhc im :hiu sut thp , km n nh do s phn b cc pha theo tit din
thp khng u , s dng thp chm khng cho php ta kim sot qu trnh chng ct
theo khng gian thp trong khi thp mm th qu trnh th hin qua tng mm
mt cch r rng , thp chm kh ch to c kch thc ln qui m cng nghip
ti ca n mn hc :
ti ca n mn hc l :Thit k thp chng ct dng mm chp vi nhng d
kin c bn sau:
Nguyn liu u vo (nhp liu ) l hn hp Aceton Acid acetic

Nng Aceton trong nhp liu l 30% khi lng.

Nng sut nhp liu l 3000 kg /h
Nng Aceton trong sn phm nh l 97% khi lng.
Nng Aceton trong sn phm y l 0,5 % khi lng.
Thp hot ng lin tc , chng ct p sut thng
II-THUYT MINH QUI TRNH CNG NGH:
Nhp nguyn liu l hn hp Aceton Acide acetic c a vo bn cha
nguyn liu. Sau nhp liu c bm a ln bn cao v. T y nhp liu qua
thit b gia nhit bng hi nc bo ha a nhit nhp liu t 30oC ln nhit
si 85,8oC v a vo thp chng ct ti mm nhp liu.
-Hi ra nh thp c dn qua thit b ngng t, ti y hi c ngng t hon
ton thnh lng bo ha , c hon lu vo thp vi t s hon lu R v phn cn li
a i lm ngui bng thit b lm ngui sn phm nh
-Lng y thp c dn qua ni un kiu Kettle c un nng gin tip bng hi
nc bo ha, hi ni un dn vo thp cp nhit cho thp. Lng lng i ra
khi ni un c lm ngui lm sn phm y.
-Trong thp, c qu trnh tip xc pha v truyn khi gia hai pha lng v hi. Thit
b ngng t, lm ngui c dng nc trao i nhit gin tip.
-H thng lm vic lin tc cho ra sn phm nh l Aceton v sn phm y l Acid
acetic .
III. CN BNG VT CHT NNG LNG
A-CN BNG VT CHT:
a-Xc nh cc thng s
K hiu:
xF , xD , xW :phn mol Aceton trong nhp liu, sn phm nh, sn phm y
F,D,W :sut lng mol ca dng nhp liu, sn phm nh, sn phm y (kmol/h)
MA , MB :ln lt l phn t lng ca Aceton v Axit Acetic (kg/kmol)
-Phn t lng trung bnh ca cc dng
MF =xF.MA + (1-xF).MB = 0,3.58 + (1-0.3).60 = 59,4 (kg/kmol)
MD =xD.MA + (1- xD).MB = 0,97.58 + (1-0,97).60 = 58,06 (kg/kmol)
MW =xW.MA + (1- xW).MB = 0,005. 58 + (1-0,005).60 =59,99 (kg/kmol)
-Sut lng dng nhp liu
3000
F
F=
=
=50,505 (kmol/h)
59 , 4
MF

L,xL
D,x
F,xF

W, xW

Cn bng vt cht cho ton thp ta c h sau:

F=D+W
F.xF =D.xD + W.xW
0,3 0,005
x F xW
15,439 (kmol/h)
= 50,505
x D xW
0,97 0,005
W= F -D =50,505 -15,439 = 35,066 (kmol/h)
Tm li ta c bng sau:
F
xF
D
xD
W
xW
50,505
0,3
15,439
0,97
35,066
0,005
-Tnh ch s hi lu thch hp:
S dng cng thc thc nghim : R =1,3.R min + 0,3 (CT IX-25b tr149-STT2)
*
xD yF
Vi Rmin=
(CT IX-24 Tr 149 STT2)
*
y F xF
Vi yF* l phn mol Aceton trong pha hi cn bng vi xF . T s liu bng tra
IX-2a /tr135 STT2 , thnh phn lng hi cn bng ta c : xF = 0,3 th y*F = 0,725.
Do
0,97 0,725
Rmin=
=0,576
0,725 0,3
Vy R=1,3 R min + 0,3 =1,3.0,576 + 0,3 = 1,049
b-Xc nh s mm l thuyt :
Vic xc nh s mm l thuyt c tin hnh trn th y-x
-Phng trnh ng lm vic ca phn ct
1,049
0,97
R
x
x +
y=
x + D =
=0,512x + 0,473
R 1
R 1 2,049
2,049

D =F

1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6

0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

x
-Phng trnh ng lm vic ca phn chng
1,049 3,271
2,271
R f
f 1
x +
0,005 =2,108x 0,0055
y=
x xW =
R 1
R 1
2,049
2,409
x xW 0,97 0,005
vi f= D
=
=3,271
x F xW
0,3 0,005
Dng ng lm vic ca thp bao gm ng lm vic ca phn ct v phn
chng . Trn th y-x ta ln lt v cc ng bc thang t xc nh c s
mm l thuyt l 12 mm
B-CN BNG NHIT LNG:
a-Nhit trao i thit b ngng t
QD =(R+1)D.rD (CT 6.15 /TR 256- T10)
Vi rD = xD.MA.rA + (1-xD)MB.rB

 Ti xD = 0,97 tra bng IX-2a trang 135 STT2 ta c TD = 56,96oC . Ti nhit

ny ta c:
rA= 522,146 (kj/kg) v rB=373,023(kj/kg) (bng 45 tr.431 T10)
rD = 0,97 x 522,146 x 58 + 0,03 x 373,023 x 60 = 30047,376(kj/kmol)
Do QD = 2,049.15,437.30047,376 = 264 (kw)
b-Nhit trao i thit b gia nhit cho nhp liu t nhit 30oC n nhit
si
QF =CF .F(TF - 30)
Ti xF = 0,3 tra bng IX-2a trang 135 STT2 ta c TF = 85,8oC
85,8 30
Nhit dung ring ca nhp liu tra nhit trung bnh T=
=57,9oC
2
ti nhit ny ta c CA =2,298 (kj/kg) , CB=2,196 (kj/kg) (Bng I.153
TR171-STT1).
Ta c CF=xFCAMA + (1-xF)CBMB = 0,3.2,298.58 + (1-0,3).2,196.60 = 132,217
(kj/kmol)
Do QF=132,217.50,505 (85,8 -30) = 104(kw)
Nu coi tn tht trn ng nhp liu bng 5% th QF = 1,05.104=109,2(kw)
c-Nhit lm ngui sn phm ay t nhit si l 117,3oC xung 30oC
QW = WCW(TW-30)
117,3 30
Nhit dung ring c xc nh nhit trung bnh T=
=73,65oC . Ti
2
nhit ny tra bng I.153 TR171-STT1 ta c : CA=2,349(kj/kg) ,
CB=2,281(kj/kg)
Nn CW = xWMACA + (1-xW)MBCB = 0,005.58.2,349 + (1-0,005).60.2,281 = 136,857
(kj/kmol)
Do QW=35,066.136,857.(117,3-30)=116,4(kw)
d-Nhit lm ngui sn phm nh t 56,96oC xung 30oC
Qsp =CD.D(TD-30)
56,96 30
Nhit dung ring cng c xc nh nhit trung bnh T=
=43,48oC .
2
Ti nhit ny ta c : CA=2,251 (kj/kg) , CB=2,119 (kj/kg)
Tng t ta tnh c CD=130,455(kj/kmol)
Do Qsp = 130,455.15,439.(56,96-30)=15,083(kw)
e-Nhit lng cung cp cho y thp
T cn bng nhit lng ta c
Q = DCDTD + WCWTW + QD FCFTF=15,439.130,455.56,96 + 35,066.136,857.117,3
+ 2,049.15,437.30047,376 50,505.132,217.85,8 = 293,1 (kw)
Tuy nhin nu coi tn tht nhit chim khong 10% nhit lng ta c Q = 1,1.293,1
= 322,41 (kw)
IV. TNH TON CC KCH THC C BN CA THP
a-Khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha hi
Phn ct : gi xpct l nng phn mol trung bnh ca cu t A(benzen) trong
pha lng ca phn ct

x D xF
0,97 0,3
=
=0,635 (phn mol)
2
2
T ng lm vic ca phn ct ta c nng ca pha hi tng ng l
ypct = 0,512 xpct + 0,473 = 0,512 x 0,635 + 0,473 = 0,798 (phn mol)
Phn chng : gi xpchng l nng phn mol trung bnh ca cu t A trong pha
lng ca phn chng
x x F 0,005 0,3
Ta c : xpchng = W
=
=0,153 (phn mol)
2
2
Do ypchng=2,108xpchng 0,0055 = 2,108 x 0,153 0,0055 = 0,317(phn mol)
Tra th T-xy ta c nhit ca pha hi tng ng l
T ypct = 0,798 (phn mol)
TG(ct) = 82oC
T ypchng = 0,317 (phn mol)
TG(chng) = 103,3oC
Khi lng phn t trung bnh ca pha hi trong phn chng v phn ct l
Mpct = ypctMA + (1-ypct)MB = 0,798.58 +(1-0,798)60 = 58,404 (kg/kmol)
Mpchng = ypchngMA + (1-ypchng)MB =0,317.58 + (1-0,317)60 = 59,366 (kg/kmol)
Gi thit rng hi trong thp l kh l tng , khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha hi
trong phn chng v phn ct l :
Phn ct :
M pcat .273
58,404.273
G(ct) =
=
= 2,005 (kg/m3)
22,4(TG ( cat ) 273)
22,4(82 273)
Phn chng :
M pchung .273
59,366.273
G(chng) =
=
=1,923 (kg/m3)
22,4(TG ( chung ) 273)
22,4(103,3 273)
Do khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha hi trong ton thp l :
G = ( G(ct) + G(chng) )/2 =(2,005 + 1,923)/2 = 1,964 (kg/m3)
b-Khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha lng
nh : ng vi xD= 0,97 tra th T-xy ta c TD = 56,96oC . nhit ny , khi
lng ring ca aceton v axit acetic l: A=749,3 (kg/m3) v B = 807,2(kg/m3) .
Khi lng ring ca sn phm nh l
L(nh) = xD . A + (1- xD) B = 0,97.814,2 + (1-0,97)807,2 = 1083,95 (kg/m3)
y : ng vi xW= 0,005 tra th T-xy ta c TW = 117,3oC . nhit ny , khi
lng ring ca aceton v acid acetic l: A=668,78 (kg/m3) v B = 926,86(kg/m3) .
Khi lng ring ca sn phm y l
L(y) = xW . A + (1- xW) B = 0,005. 668,78 + (1-0,005). 926,86= 925,57 (kg/m3)
Do khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha lng trong ton thp tnh gn ng l :
L =( L(nh) + L(y))/2=(1083,95 + 925,57)/2=1004,76 (kg/m3)
c-Vn tc hi trung bnh trong ton thp
Theo s tay tp II trang 175 cng thc (IX-105) ta c
(Gy)tb =0,065[] h G L

Ta c : xpct =

Trong
y : vn tc trung bnh ca pha hi (m/s)
G , L: khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha hi v pha lng (kg/m3)

h: khong cch gia cc mm (m). Gi tr h c chn sao cho gim n mc

thp nht lng lng b hi cun theo
[] l h s c tnh n sc cng b mt
Khi < 20 (dyn/cm) th [] = 0,8
> 20 (dyn/cm) th [] = 1
y ta tra bng c c = 18,99 (dyn/cm) < 20 nn [] = 0,8
Chn khong cch gia cc mm l h=0,35 (m)
Do
(Gy)tb =0,065[] h G L
(1,958. y) = 0,065 .0,8 . 0,35.1,958.1004,76
y = 0,697 (m/s)
d-Lu lng hi qua thp :
Phng trnh cn bng vt cht cho bao hnh ta c:
gF + g y = L x + D
gtl = Lx + D
Phng trnh cn bng cho cu t d bay hi ta c :
gtl ytl = LxxF + DxD (2)
y coi nhit trung bnh trong ton thp l nhit trung bnh ca nh v y
thp
56,96 117,3
T=
= 87,13oC
2
-Lng hi ra khi nh thp :
gnh = D + Lo = D(R+1) = 15,439.(1,049 +1) = 31,635 (kmol/h)
Cn bng nng lng ta c :
gtlrtl = gnhrnh (3)
vi rtl = ytlrAMA + (1-ytl)rBMB = ytl.522,146.58 + (1-ytl).373,023.60 = 7903,088ytl
+22381,38 (kj/kmol)
rnh = xDrAMA + (1-xD)rBMB = 0,97.522,146.58 + (1-0,97).373,023.60 =30047,375
(kj/kmol)
Tm li ta c h phng trnh sau :
Lx = gtl 15,439
(1)
gtl ytl = Lx.0,3 + 15,439.0,97 (2)
gtl. (7903,088ytl +22381,38) = 31,635 . 30047,375 (3)
gtl = 35,1 (kmol/h)
ytl = 0,595 (mol)
Lx = 19,661 (kmol/h)
e-Lng hi vo phn chng :
Cn bng vt cht v nng lng ta c h sau :
Ly = gy + W
Lyxy = gyyy + WxW

gtlrtl = gyry
Vi ry = yyrAMA + (1-yy)rBMB = 0,005.522,146.58 + (1-0,005)373,023.60 =
22420,9 (kj/kmol)
Ly = gy + 35,066
Lyxy = 0,005gy + 0,175
22420,9.gy = 950556,524
Ly = 77,462 (kmol/h)
gdy = 42,396 (kmol/h)
f-Lu lng hi trung bnh trong ton thp :
-Lu lng hi trung bnh trong phn ct :
g g tl 31,635 35,1
gpct = dinh
=
= 33,368 (kmol/h)
2
2
-Lu lng hi trung bnh trong phn chng :
g g tl 42,396 35,1
gpchng = day
=
=38,748(kmol/h)
2
2
-Lu lng hi trung bnh trong ton thp :
g
g pcat
38,748 33,368
g = pchung
=
= 36,058 (kmol/h)
2
2
nhit trung bnh l 87,13oC th lu lng hi trung bnh (m3/h) l :
g.22,4.T
36,058.22,4(87,13 273)
Qv =
=
=1065,482(m3/h)
To
273
g-ng knh thp :
Qv
1065,482 / 3600
D=
=
= 0,736 (m)
0,785 y
0,785.0,697
Da vo bng ng knh tiu chun ca cc loi thp chng luyn ta chn D =
0,8(m)
h-Xc nh s a thc v chiu cao thp :
Ti nh :
Ta c xD = 0,97
TD = 56,96oC
yD* = 0,998(phn mol)
- bay hi tng i :
y * D (1 x D ) 0,998.(1 0,97)
D =
=
=15,433
(1 y * D ) x D (1 0,998).0,97
- nht ng hc
Ti nhit nh ta c : A = 0,235 (Cp) , B = 0,727 (Cp)
lg = xDlgA + (1-xD)lgB
lg = 0,97lg(0,235) + (1-0,97)lg(0,727) = -0,614
= 0,243 (Cp)
Vy DD = 15,433.0,243 = 3,754.Tra gin Tp 3-Truyn khi trang 93 ta c E1 =
0,38
Ti y :
Tng t ta c :

 bay hi tng i : W = 3,277

nht ng hc : = 0,373
WW =1,223
E2 = 0,49
Ti mm nhp liu :
Tng t ta c :
bay hi tng i : F = 6,152
nht ng hc : = 0,390
FF =2,401
E3 = 0,42
i-Hiu sut trung bnh ca ton thp :
E E 2 E 3 0,38 0,49 0, 42
E= 1
=
=0,43
3
3
j-S mm thc t :
12
N
Nth= LT =
= 29 (mm)
E
0,43
k- S mm thc t phn ct :
N
3
Nthpc= LTPC =
= 7 (mm)
E
0,43
l- S mm thc t phn chng:
Nthpch = Nth Nthpc = 29 -7 = 22 (mm)
m-Chiu cao thp :
H = (Nth 1)h + Nth + (0,8-1)
Chn :chiu dy mm ( =4mm) , h:khong cch gia cc mm (h=0,35m)
Do : H = 28.0,35 + 29.0,004 + 0,8 = 10,7 (m)

V-TNH CHP V TR LC CA THP :

-Chn ng knh trong ca ng hi theo tiu chun l: dh= 50(mm )
-S chp phn b trn mt mm : Trong thc t thng chn tng tit din ng hi
trn mi mm =10% . tit din thp nn ta c:
.d 2 h
.D 2 t
n.
= 0,1
4
4
2
D t
0,8 2
n = 0,1 2 = 0,1
= 25,6
0,052
d h
Chn thit k n = 27 chp / mm
-Chiu cao chp trn ng dn hi
h2 = 0,25dh = 0,25.50 = 12,5(mm)

-ng knh chp :

dch = d h 2 ( d h 2 ch ) 2 = 50 2 (50 2.2) 2 = 73,5(mm)
-Khong cch t chn chp n mt mm hsc : chn hsc = 12,5(mm)
-Chiu cao mc cht lng trn khe chp hts = 15-40(mm) chn hts=29(mm)
-Chiu cao hnh hc ca khe chp :
2
y . . y
hso =
g. x
Trong :
:h s tr lc ca mm chp = 1,5-2 , chn =2
y: vn tc pha hi (m/s)
Qv
1065,482 / 3600
y =
=
= 5,59 (m/s)
2
0,785.(0,05) 2 .27
0,785.d h .n
x,y : Khi lng ring ca pha lng v pha hi (kg/m3)
Do :
5,59 2.2.1,964
hso =
= 0,0125(m) = 12,5(mm)
9,81.1004,76
chn hso = 15,5 mm
-S lng khe trn mi chp :
2
3,14
50 2

dh
i= (d ch
(73,5
) = 25 khe
)=
c
4hso
3
4.12,5
Vi c:khong cch gia cc khe (3-4mm) . Chn c=3 mm
-Chiu rng khe chp c xc nh t lin h :
i(c+a) = dch
.d ch
.73,5
a=
-c=
- 3 = 7 (mm)
i
25
-Khong cch t mm n chn ng chy chuyn
Chn S1 = 28 (mm)
-Chiu cao ng chy chuyn
hc = (hts + hso + hsc) - h + hsr
Trong :
h : chiu cao mc cht lng bn trn ng chy chuyn . Chn h = 17 (mm)
Do : hc = (27 + 12,5 + 12,5 + 5) 17 = 40 (mm) .
-Bc ti thiu ca chp trn mm :
tmin = dch + 2ch + l2
Trong :
ch : b dy ca chp (mm) .Chn ch = 2(mm)
l2 : khong cch nh nht gia cc chp c xc nh theo cng thc sau :
l2 = 12,5 + 0,25dch = 12,5 + 0,25.73,5 = 31 (mm)
tmin = 73,5 + 2.2 + 31 = 108 (mm)
-Chn l chp hnh ch nht , m l chp c xc nh theo cng thc sau:

hs = 7,55.(

G
Q
)1/ 3 .(hso ) 2 / 3 .( v ) 2 / 3
L G
Ss

Trong :
Qv : lu lng pha hi (m3/s)
Ss : tng din tch cc l chp trn mt mm , m2
Ss = n.i.hso.a = 27.25.12,5.7.10 -6 = 0,059 (m2)
Do :
1,964
1065,482 / 3600 2 / 3
)1 / 3 .(12,5) 2 / 3 .(
) =14,9 (mm)
hs=7,55 .(
1004,76 1,964
0,059
-Phn trm m l chp :
hs
14,9
.100%
.100% 96,13%
hso
15,5
-Chiu cao mc cht lng trn g chy trn :
Q
how = 2,84.E.( L ) 2 / 3
Lw
Trong :
QL : lu lng lng (m3/h)
E : h s hiu chnh cho g chy trn
L
Q
E = f( 2L, 5 , w )
D
Lw
Lw : chiu di g chy trn
Chn Lw = 0,6D = 0,6.0.8 = 0,48 (m)
Tnh QL:
-Lu lng lng phn chng :
M
59,366
Qch = (RD + F). pchung = (1,049.15,439 + 50,505).
= 3,862 (m3/h)
L ,ch
1025,38
-Lu lng lng phn ct:
M
58,404
Qct = RD. cat =1,409.15,439.
= 1,343 (m3/h)
L ,cat
946,19
Do :
Qcat Qchung 3,862 1,343
QL=

2,602 (m3/h)
2
2
Tra bng ph lc IX-22 S tay qu trnh v thit b tp II trang 177 ta c :
E=1,035
Do :
2,602 2 / 3
) 9,07 (mm)
how = 2,84.1,035.(
0,48
-Gradient chiu cao mc cht lng trn mm :
= Cg. / .m
Trong :
Cg : h s hiu chnh cho sut lng pha kh

QL
,0,82 w y G )
Bm
Bm: b rng trung bnh ca mm
A
Bm =
. Vi A: phn din tch mm nm gia hai hnh vin phn chy chuyn
l
A = Smm 2Sd
2
D
0,8 2
Smm = t = .
=0,50265 (m2)
4
4
Sd : din tch ng chy chuyn hnh vin phn
Sd = SOAmB - SOAB
2
2
D
0,48 0,8 2
L D
SOAmB= t = arcsin w . t =arcsin
.
=0,103 (m2)
0,8
4
4
Dt 4
2
SOAB=h.Lw/2 = 0,32.0,48/2 = 0,0768 (m )

Cg = f(1,34

(do h = Rt

L
w
4

0,4 2

0,482
4

= 0,32 (m)

Do :
Sd = 0,103 0,0768 = 0,0262 (m2)
S
0,0262
Ta c : d
0,052
S mam 0,50265
Vy din tch hai phn ng chy chuyn chim 10,5% tng din tch mt mm
A = Smm 2Sd =0,50265 2.0,0262 = 0,45025 (m2)
-Khong cch gia hai g chy trn l = Dt 2dw = 0,8 2.0,08 = 0,64 (m)
A 0,45025
0,7( m)
Do vy Bm
l
0,64
Q
2,602
Gi tr : 1,34 L 1,34
4,981
Bm
0,7
0,82 w y G = 0,82.0,697. 1,964 = 0,801
Tra gin 5.10 tp 3-truyn khi trang 80 ta c : Cg =0,7
Tnh / : Ta c
4 / = f(hm,QL,Bm,hsc)
Trong :
hm : chiu cao mc cht lng trung bnh trn mm
hm = hts + hsc + hsr + hso
hts : khong cch t mp trn khe chp n b mt cht lng (15-40mm)
Chn hts = 27 (mm)
hsc : khong cch t mp di chp n mm (0-25 mm)
Chn hsc = 12,5 (mm)
hsr : Khong cch t mp di khe chp n mp di chp . Chn hsr =
5mm
hso : chiu cao khe chp
hm = 27 + 12,5 + 5 + 15,5 = 60 (mm)

Tra gin hnh 5.13a-truyn khi tp 3 trang 81 ta c : 4 / = 6

/ =1,5
m: s hng chp phi tri qua ca pha lng m = 5
= 0,7.1,5.5 = 5,25 (mm)
- gim p ca pha kh trn mt mm
ht =hfv + hs + hss + how +/2 mm cht lng
Trong :
hfv : gim p do ma st ni v bin i vn tc khi pha kh thi qua chp lc
khng c cht lng c xc nh theo cng thc sau:

Q
hfv = 274 K ( G
) .( V ) 2
L G
Sr
vi Sr : tng din tch hi ca mi mm , m2
2
.d h
.0,052
Sr =n.Srj = n.
= 27.
0,053 (m2)
4
4
-Din tch hnh vnh khn gia thn chp v ng hi

Saj = (d ch 2 d h 2 ) = (73,5 2 50 2 ).10 6 1,952.10 3 (m2)

4
4
S aj
1 . Tra th trang 83 truyn khi Tp 3 ta c : K=0,65
S rj
K: h s tn tht p sut cho thp kh
1,964
0,296 2
).(
) =11 mm
hfv = 0,65.274. (
1004,76 1,964 0,053
hss : chiu cao thy tnh lp cht lng trn khe chp n g chy trn
Ta c : hw = hss + hso + hsr + hsc
M : hm= hw + how + /2
hss = hw ( hso + hsr + hsc ) = hm ( how + /2 + hso + hsr + hsc )
hss = 60 - (9,07 + 5,25/2 + 15,5 +5 +12,5) = 20,31 (mm)
Do :
ht =hfv + hs + hss + how +/2 = 11 + 14,9 +20,31 + 9,07 + 5,25/2 = 57,9 (mm)
-Kim tra s hot ng n nh ca mm
iu kin : ( hfv + hs )/2
Ta c : (hfv + hs )/2 = (11+14,9)/2 =13 > . Chng t mm hot ng n nh
-Chiu cao g chy trn :
hw = hm (how +/2) = 60 - (9,07 + 5,25/2) = 48,3 (mm)
-Chiu cao mc cht lng khng bt trong ng chy chuyn
hd =hw + how + ht + hd + (mm cht lng)
Trong : hd : tn tht thy lc do dng chy t trong ng chy chuyn vo mm
Q
2,602
hd = 0,128 ( L ) 2 =0,128. (
) 2 = 0,126 (mm)
100S d
100.0,0262
hd = 48,3 + 9,07 + 57,9 + 0,126 + 5,25 =120,6 (mm)
Chiu cao hd l thng s kim tra khong cch mm . Nu hd < H/2 th mm hot
ng bnh thng khng b ngp lt (H: khong cch gia cc mm )
V H/2 = 175 > hd nn mm hot ng bnh thng

-Cht lng chy vo ng chy chuyn : kim tra xem cht lng chy vo ng chy
chuyn c u hay khng v cht lng khng va p vo thnh bnh ta tnh thng s
dtw = 0,8 how .h o = 0,8 how ( H hw hd ) = 0,8 9,07(350 48,3 120,6) =40,1
dtw < 0,6.dw = 0,6.80 = 48
iu ny chng t cht lng khng va p thnh bnh v xem nh cht lng chy vo
ng chy chuyn l u
- li cun cht lng
e
=
Le
Trong : e: lng cht lng b li cun (mol/h)
L :lng cht lng chy xung (mol/h)
c xc nh theo cng thc thc nghim :
4203,615 2,815 1/ 2
L'
(
) ) f (0,073)
= f( ' ( G )1/ 2 ) = f(
2,815.1204 795,8
G L
hd
160,5
.100%
.100% 91,7%
H /2
175
Tra gin 5.15 trang 82 truyn khi tp 3 ta c : = 0,1
.L 0,1.4203,615
e

467(kg / h )
1
0,9
-Tnh ton tr lc ca thp chp :
Tr lc ca thp chp c xc nh theo cng thc :
p = Nt . pd
Vi : Nt: s a thc
pd : tng tr lc ca mt a (N/m2)
pd =pk + p + pt
pk : tr lc ca a kh c xc nh theo cng thc
2
y .wo
pk = .
2
Trong : : h s tr lc thng = 4,5-5 . Chn = 5
y: khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha hi (kg/m3)
wo: vn tc kh qua rnh chp c xc nh theo cng thc :
Qv
0,296
wo
=
= 5,59 (m/s)
2
0,785.d h .n 0,785.0,05 2.27
1,964.5,59
Do vy : pk= 5.
27,43 (N/m2)
2
p : tr lc do sc cng b mt c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
4.
p =
d td
Trong :
: sc cng b mt (N/m).Tra s tay ta c =18,99 (dyn/cm) = 18,99 .10 -3 (N/m)

dtd =

4. f x
4.a.hso
4.2.15,5.10 6
=3,5.10-3 (m) =3,5 mm

2(a hso ) 2(2 15,5).10

4.18,99.10 3
=21,7 (N/m2)
3
3,5.10
pt : tr lc ca lp cht lng trn a (tr lc thy tnh) c xc nh theo cng
thc
pt =b.g.(hb hso/2) (N/m2)
Trong : b : khi lng ring ca bt b= (0,4-0,6) L
Chn b= 0,5.L=1004,76/2=502,38 (kg/m3)
hb:chiu cao lp bt trn a , m c xc nh theo cng thc :
(h h x )( F 1) x hx . b . f (hch hx ). f . b
hb = c
F . b
Trong :
hc:chiu cao phn chy chuyn vin phn trn mm ,m
hx : chiu cao lp cht lng khng bt trn mm , m
: chiu cao mc cht lng trn mm , m
F:phn b mt a c gn chp , m2
f: tng tit din ca chp trn a , m2
f =0,785.dch2.n = 0,785.73,52.27.10-6 = 0,1145 m2
hch: chiu cao ca chp , m
Ta c : hh=hsc + hsr + hso + hts - - h2 = 12,5 + 5 + 15,5 + 27- 5,25 12,5 =42,25(mm)
hch = hh +12,5 = 42,25 + 12,5 = 54,75 (mm)
Do vy :
hb=
(40 5,25 60).(0,45025 1).1004,76 60.502,38.0,1145 (54,75 60).0,1145.502,38
0,45025.502,38.1000
hb= 0,05 m =50 mm
Vy:
pt = 502,38.9,81.(0,05 0,0155/2) = 208,22 N/m2
pd = 27,43 + 21,7 + 208,22= 557,35 N/m 2
Tr lc ca thp chp :
p = Nt . pd = 29.557,35 =16163 N/m2

Do vy : p =

VI-TNH TON C KH :
a-Tnh b dy thn thit b :
-Nhit tnh ton trong thp ly bng nhit cao nht trong thit b : T = 117,3 oC.
-Ap sut tnh ton : tnh cho trng hp xu nht l cht lng dng ln y thp
p= pmt + p +pcl = 105 + 16163 + 10,7.1004,76.9,81 = 221629,643 N/m2 = 0,222
N/mm2
-iu kin lm vic ca thn thp : chu p sut trong
-Chn vt liu lm thp l thp khng g vi mc thp X18H10T
nhit 117,3oC tra gin 1-2 trang 22-Ch to my ha cht ta c :

[]*=140 (N/mm2 )
-ng sut cho php ca vt liu :
[] = []* = 0,9.140 = 126 (N/mm2)
Vi = 0,9 l h s hiu chnh ( chn cho thit b loi I-nhm II) trang 26 Ch to
my ha cht Thit b lm vic vi cht c hi , d chy n , d chy , khngtip
xc trc tip vi ngun t nng
-Chn h s bn mi hn h = 0,95
Ta c :
[ ]
126.0,95
h =
539,19 25
p
0,222
Do b dy ti thiu ca thn c tnh theo cng thc :
Dt . p
800.0, 222
S'

0,742 (mm)
2.[ ]. h 2.0,95.126
-Chn h s b sung :
+ Do n mn ha hc : Ca = 1 (mm )
+ Quy trn kch thc : Co =0,4 mm
B dy thn :
S = S + Ca + Co = 0,742 + 1 + 0,4 = 2,142 (mm)
an ton khi tnh ton ta chn S = 4 mm
-Kim tra bn :
S Ca 4 1
+

3,75.10 3 < 0,1

Dt
800
+p sut tnh ton cho php :
2.[ ]. h .( S C a ) 2.126.0,95.3
[p]=

0,894 (N/mm2) > p

Dt ( S C a )
800 3
b-Tnh b dy y np :
-Chn y np ellipse tiu chun , loi c g v lm bng thp khng g X18H10T
Tra s tay tp II trang 370 vi Dt = 800 (mm) ta c :
hB = 200 (mm) , h = 50(mm)
-Chn s b Sn = S = Sth = 4 mm
-Kim tra bn ta c :
S Ca
3
+

3,75.10 3 < 0,125

Dt
800
+ Ap sut tnh ton cho php :
2.[ ]. h .( S C a ) 2.126.0,95.3
[p]=

0,894 (N/mm2) > p

Dt ( S C a )
800 3
Vy Sn = S = 4 mm
c-Tnh bch cho thit b:
Ta tnh bch theo phng php ti trng gii hn :
-Chn vt liu lm bch l thp CT3 , vt liu lm bulng l CT4
Da vo s tay tp II-trang 408 ta chn cc thng s bch nh sau :

K hiu

Dt

Db

D1

db

800

880

930

850

20

20

Z
mm
24
-Chn bch lin kiu phng
Khi xit bulng s sinh ra lc nn chu trc Q1 , lc ny nhm khc phc ti trng do
p sut bn trong thit b v p sut ph sinh ra trn m gi cho mi ghp c
kn
Q1 = Qa + Qk
Trong :
Qa : lc do p sut trong thit b gy ra (N)

Qa = .Dt 2 . p .0,8 2 .221629,643 111346,733 (N)

4
4
Qk : lc cn thit gi c kn trong m.
Qk = .Dtb.bo.m.p
Trong :
Dtb : ng knh trung bnh ca m
-Chn ng knh ngoi m Dn = 847 mm
-Chn ng knh trong m =827 mm
847 827
Dtb =
837 mm
2
-B rng tht ca m b = 20 mm
bo : b rng tnh ton ca m , bo = (0,5-0,8)b . Chn bo = 0,8b = 0,8.20=16mm
m : h s p sut ring
Chn m loi paronit c b dy o = 3 mm theo bng 7-2 H L Vin trang 192 ta c
:
m=2
qo:p sut ring cn thit lm bin dng do m , qo=10 (N/mm2)
Do :
Qk = .0,837.0,016.2.221629,643 = 18639,443 (N)
Q1 = Qa + Qk = 111346,733 + 18639,443 = 129986,176 (N)
-Lc cn thit p cht m ban u:
Q2 = .Dtb.bo. qo = .0,837.0,016.107 = 420722 (N)
-Lc tc dng ln cc bulong :
Q = max(Q1, Q2) = Q2 = 420722 (N)
-Lc tc dng ln mt bulong:
Q 420722
qb=
17530 (N)
Z
24
-Kim tra vic chn ng knh bulong:
+ ng knh bulong c xc nh theo cng thc :

qb
[ ]

Vi [] = ko. [ ]
[] : ng sut cho php ca vt liu lm bulong , c xc nh theo bng 7-5H L Vin trang 194 T=117,3oC c gi tr l : [] = 86 (N/mm2)
ko: h s lm gim ng sut chn theo bng trang 193 H L Vin Ch to
my ho cht ta c ko = 0,8
Do vy : [] = ko. []= 0,8.86 = 68,8 (N/mm2)
qb
17530
db = 1,13.
1,13.
18 mm
[ ]
68,8
-Kim tra ng sut :
qb
17530

56 (N/mm2) < []
2

.d b
.20 2
4
4
Nn vic chn db = 20 mm l hon ton ph hp
-Tnh b dy bch :
B dy bch c xc nh theo cng thc :
d
p
l
[ ]
t 0,41.Dn .
{1 7,3. .[0,57.Z .( b ) 2 .
1]}
[ bi ]
Db
Dn
p

db = 1,13.

t 0,41.847.

0,222
16,5
20 2 68,8
.{1 7,3.
.[0,57.24.(
) .
1]} 19, 2mm
85,84
880
847 0,222

Trong :
[bi] = ko. [bi] = 0,8.107,3 = 85,84 (N/mm2)
vi [bi] : ng sut cho php ca vt liu lm bch (tra bng 7-6 H L Vin)
l: cnh tay n c xc nh theo cng thc :
D Dn 880 847
l b

16,5mm
2
2
Chn t =18,5 mm
d-Tnh cc ng ng dn :
- tnh ng knh ti u ca cc ng ng dn kh v lng , ta c tiu chun v
vn tc thch hp ca kh v lng trong ng ng :
Vn tc kh : 15-30 m/s
Vn tc dng lng : 1-3 m/s
-ng knh ng dn c xc nh theo cng thc :
Q
d=
0,785.v
Trong :
Q : lu lng th tch (m3/s)
v : vn tc dng lng hoc kh (m/s)-chn theo bng II-2 -S tay tp I trang 369
d: ng knh ng dn Chn theo bng XIII-32-S tay tp II trang 422

-Chn bch ni loi bch lin (kiu bch phng) . Sau khi chn , tnh v qui chun ta
c bng sau:
Tn gi
ng dn hi ra
nh
ng hon lu
ng nhp liu
ng dn lng ra
y
ng dn hi vo
y

Bulong
db
Z

Dy

Dn

Db

D1

150
25
50

159
32
57

260
100
140

225
75
110

202
60
90

16
12
12

M16
M10
M12

8
4
4

50

57

140

110

90

12

M13

100

108

205

170

148

14

M16

e-Tnh tai , chn treo :

e1-Tnh khi lng thp :
G = Gthn + Gy + Gnp + Gmm + G chp + G bch + Glng
-Khi lng thn thp :

Gthn = (Dn2- Dt2).Hthn.thp

4
Vi Hthn = Hthp (hnp + hy) = 10,7 0,5 = 10,2 m

Gthn = .( 0,8082 0,82 ).10,2.7900 = 814 (kg)

4
-Khi lng y v np :
Gy = Gnp
Vi ellipse tiu chun c g , Dt = 800 mm , S = 4 mm , h = 20 mm tra bng XIII-11
trang 373 ta c :
Gy = Gnp = 24,2.1,01 = 24,5 (kg)
-Khi lng mm :

Gmm = Nt. . Dt2.mm . = 29. . 0,82.0,004.7900 = 461 (kg)

4
4
-Khi lng cc chp :
Gchp = Nt.n.G1chp

G1chp =[ (d ch,n 2 d ch 2 ).hch .d ch 2 . ch i.hso .a (d h ,n 2 d h 2 ).hh ].

4
4
4

G1chop [ (0,0775 2 0,0735 2 ).0,05475 .0,0735 2.0,002 25.0,0155.0,002

4
4

(0,054 2 0,05 2 ).0,05475].7900 0,394kg

4
Gchp = 29.27.0,394 = 308,5 kg
-Khi lng cht lng trn mm:

Glng,max = .Dt 2 .( N t 1).H . L .0,8 2.28.0,35.1004,76 4947kg

4
4

-Khi lng bch :

Gbch = s mt bch .

.(D2-Dt2).2.h.CT3 = 5. .(0,932-0,82).2.0,02.7850=277,5
4
4

kg
-Tng khi lng ca ton thp :
G = 814 + 2.24,5 + 461 + 308,5 + 277,5 + 4947 = 6857 (kg)
e2-Ti trng ca thp :
Gmax = G.9,81 = 6857.9,81 = 67267,2 (N)
g-Tnh tai treo :
-Chn vt liu lm tai treo l CT3 , tm lt l vt liu lm thn thit b
-Din tch tai :
G
67267, 2
F = max
33633,6 (mm2) = 0,0336 m2
be
2
-Chn s tai treo n = 4
+ Ti trng ln 1 tai treo l :
G 6857
G* =

1714,25 (N)
n
4
+ Cc thng s ca tai treo c chn theo s tay tp II v c lp thnh bng sau:
Ti trng cho php
trn 1 tai treo(N)
B
mt

,m2

Ti
Khi
trng
lng
cho
1 tai
php ln
L B
B1 H
S l
a
d
treo,kg
b mt
,q.10-6
N/m2
2,5
173
1,45
150 120 130 215 8 60 20 30 3,48
-Tm lt tai treo lm bng vt liu lm thn thp c cc thng s sau :
+ Chiu cao tm lt : H = 260 mm
+ Chiu rng tm lt : B = 140 mm
+ Chiu dy tm lt : SH = 6 mm
h-Tnh chn :
-Chn s chn l 4
-Vt liu ch to chn l CT3
-Chn chn c cc thng s sau:(chn theo s tay tp II bng XIII-35 trang 425)
Ti trng cho php
trn 1 tai treo(N)
B
mt

,m2
2,5

144

Ti
trng
cho
php ln
b mt
,q.106
N/m2
0,56

B1

250

18

21

42

16 90 18

B2

27

290

m-Kim tra kh nng tng cng cho cc l :

-ng knh ln nht cho php khng cn tng cng c xc nh theo cng thc
sau:
S Ca
dmax =2[ (
0,8) Dt .( S C a ) C a )]
S'
4 1
0,8). 800.(4 1) 1] 315,8mm
dmax = 2.[ (
0,742
dmax l ng knh ln nht khng cn tng cng . Ta nhn thy rng cc l trn thn
u c ng knh nh hn ng knh dmax , v th nn ta khng cn tng cng
Ring i vi ng dn hi nh v ng dn dng lng y nu khng cn tng cng
th phi tha mn iu kin sau:
d
0,6
Dt
S
0,05
Dt
i vi ng dn hi c dngoi = 0,159 m , S = 4mm th hai iu kin trn hin nhin
tha , do i vi ng dn lng c ng knh nh hn ng knh ng dn hi nn
cng tha mn hai iu kin trn .Do vy ta khng cn tng cng .

VII-TNH TON THIT B TRUYN NHIT:

1-Tnh thit b ngng t sn phm nh:
N
C RA

HI SP
NH

NC VAO

HI NGNG

ng i ca lu cht:
-Dng hi sn phm nh i ngoi v , nc i trong v do nc bn hn hi sn
phm nh
Dng nng : 57oC (hi)
57 oC (lng)
Dng lnh : 40oC
28oC
-Chnh lch nhit u vo : tv = 57 40 =17 oC
-Chnh lch nhit u ra: tr = 57 28 = 29 oC
-Chnh lch nhit trung bnh :

t r t v 29 17

22,468 oC
t
29
ln
ln r
17
t v
40 28
-Nhit trung bnh ca dng lnh : t1=
34 oC . Ti nhit ny ta c cc
2
thng s vt l ca dng lnh nh sau:

tlog =

1=0,62 (W/m. )
C1=4174,1 (J/kg. )
1=0,76.10-3 (N.s/m2)
1= 994,6 (kg/m3)
QD = 264 kw : nhit trao i thit b ngng t .
-Lng nc cn gii nhit :
QD
264000
Gn =

5,3 (kg/s)
C1 (t ra t vao ) 4174,1.(40 28)
-Chn ng tiu chun c ng knh l :25 x 2mm , ng c xp thnh vng trn
ng tm c s ng n = 37 ng
a-H s cp nhit t ngoi v n thnh ng :
H s cp nhit c xc nh theo cng thc :
r 0, 25
2 1,28. A.(
)
t.d
-Chn t2 = 6oC = tngng tw2
tw2 = 51oC
tmng = (tw2 + tngng)/2 =(51+57)/2
=54 Tra s tay tp II-trang 28 ta c : A = 150,2 . Do :
527134 0, 25
2 1,28.150,2.(
)
7826 (W/m2.)
6.0,025
-H s cp nhit trung bnh ca chm ng :
ch = tb. 2
Tra tp 10 V D v bi tp trang 121 ta c : tb = 0,7
Do vy : ch = tb. 2 = 0,7.7826 = 5478,2 (W/m2.)
b-H s cp nhit t thnh ng n nc :
-Tnh chun s Reynoylds:
4.Gn
4.5,3
Re =

=11433 > 10.000 nn chun s Nuselt c

d .n. . 0,021.37.0,76.10 3.
tnh theo cng thc : Nu = 0,021.(Re)0,8.(Pr)0,43.(Pr/Prw)0,25
-Tnh chnh xc nhit ti q:
Nguyn tc : Gi s nhit lng truyn t ngoi v n b mt bng tng bng
nhit lng truyn qua b dy ng v lp cu v bng lun nhit lng truyn t mt
trong n nc . Da trn nguyn tc ta c cch tnh nhit tng bn trong
thnh ng nh sau:
qngng= qw = q = ch. t2 =(tw2 tw1)/rw
tw1= tw2 - ch. t2. rw
Trong :
rw: tng nhit tr ca thnh ng v lp cu c xc nh theo cng thc sau:

v
v
-Da vo s tay tp II-bng V-1 trang 4 ta c :
rcu1:nhit tr cn bn ly bng 0,387.10 -3 (m2./W)
rcu2:nhit tr ca nc thng ly bng 0,464.10-3 (m2./W)
v: b dy tng ly bng 2 mm
v = 93 (W/m.) chn vt liu l ng thau
Do :

rw = rcu1 + rcu2 + v = (0,387 + 0,464 + 2/93 ).10-3= 0,877.10-3 (m2./W)

v
tw1= tw2 - ch. t2. rw = 51 5478,2.6.0,877.10-3 = 22, oC
Ti nhit ny ta c :
Pr = 5
Pr 0, 25
5
(
)
( ) 0, 25 1,09
Prw= 3,6
Prw
3,6
Do vy :
Nu = 0,021.(Re)0,8.(Pr)0,43.(Pr/Prw)0,25 = 0,021.(11433)0,8.(5)0,43.1,09 = 80,7
Nn h s cp nhit t thnh trong ca ng n nc :
Nu.1 80,7.0,62
1=

2582,6 (W/m2.)
d tr
0,021
-Chnh lch nhit : t1= t1 - tw1 = 34 22 = 12 oC
-Nhit ti q:
Dng lnh : q1= 1. t1=2582,6.12 = 30991,2 (W/m2)
Dng nng: q2 = ch. t2 = 5478,2.6 =32069,2 (W/m2)
q q1 32069, 2 30991, 2
Chnh lch nhit ti q: 2

3,4% 5%
q2
32069, 2
c-H s truyn nhit :
-H s truyn nhit c xc nh theo cng thc :
1
1
1
1
K =(
rw ) 1 (

0,877.10 3 ) 1 718,4 (W/m2.)

1 2
2582,6 7826
d-B mt truyn nhit:
Q
264000
F=

16,33 (m2)
K .t log 718, 4.22,5
e-Chiu di thit b:
F
16,33

5,6 (m)
L=
n.d . 37.0,025.
g-ng knh trong ca thit b ngng t :
D = t.(2no +1)
Trong : t = (1,2-1,5).d , chn t =1,5.d = 1,5.0,025=0,0375 m
no : s vng trn ng tm
D = t.(2no +1) = 0,0375.(2.3 +1) = 0,2625 (m)

rw = rcu1 + rcu2 +

Ta c t s : L/D = 5,6/0,2625 =21,3 > 4 . Do vy ta thay thit b loi 1-1 bng thit b
loi 1-2 , chiu di mi pass l 2,8 m
2-Tnh thit b lm ngui sn phm nh:

dung dch vao

nc ra

nc vao

san pham nh

ng i ca lu cht : Dng sn phm nh i ngoi v , nc i trong v do

nc bn hn sn phm nh
Dng nng 57oC
40 oC
Dng lnh : 38oC
28 oC
-Chnh lch nhit u vo : tv = 57 38 = 19 oC
-Chnh lch nhit u ra: tr = 40 28 = 12 oC
-Chnh lch nhit trung bnh :
t t v 19 12
tlog = r

15,2 oC
t r
19
ln
ln
12
t v
38 28
-Nhit trung bnh ca dng lnh : t1=
33 oC . Ti nhit ny ta c cc
2
thng s vt l ca dng lnh nh sau:
1=0,636 (W/m. )
C1=4174,1898 (J/kg. )
1=0,77.10-3 (N.s/m2)
1= 995 (kg/m3)
-Lng nc cn gii nhit :
QD
15083
Gn =

0,36 (kg/s)
C1 (t ra t vao ) 4174,1898.(38 28)
-Chn ng tiu chun c ng knh l :25x2mm , ng c xp thnh vng trn
ng tm c s ng n = 37 ng
a-H s cp nhit t dung dch n thnh ng :
57 40
48,5 oC
2
Ti nhit ny ta c cc thng s ca dng nng nh sau:
2= 0,165 (W/m. )

-Nhit trung bnh ca dng nng : t2tb =

C2= 2302,7 (J/kg. )

2 = 0,246.10-3 (N.s/m2)
1= 756 (kg/m3)
-Tit din ngang ca khong ngoi ng :

S = .( D 2 n.d 2 ) (0,26252 37.0,0252 ) = 0,036 m2

4
4
Vi : D: ng knh thit b D = 1,5.d.( 2no + 1 ) = 1,5.0,025.(2.3+1) = 0,2625 (m)
-Tc aceton pha v:

D
859, 462
v=

9,1.10 3 (m/s)
D .S 3600.756.0,036
-ng knh tng ng ca khong ngoi ng :
D 2 n.d 2 0,26252 37.0,0252
dt =

0,0385 m
D n.d
0,2625 37.0,025
-Chun s Reynolds:
v.d . 9,1.10 3.0,0385.756
Re = td
1076,68 < 2300

0, 246.10 3
-Chn t2 = 22,5oC
tw2 = t2tb - t2 = 48,5 22,5 = 26 oC
-Chun s Gr :
3
d . 2 . .t 0,1
0,0385 3.756 2.1,3.10 3.22,5 0,1
Gr0,1 = ( td 2
) (
) 4,17
.g
(0,246.10 3 ) 2 .9,81
Pr 0, 25
Ti nhit tw2 =26 oC ta c Prw= 6 v xem
(
)
1
Prw
-Chun s Nuselt:
Nu = 0,15.l.Re0,33.Pr0,43.Gr0,1.(Pr/Prw)0,25 = 0,15.1.602,1076,680,33.60,43.4,17.1 =
21,7
-H s cp nhit t dung dch n thnh ng :
Nu. 2 21,7.0,136
2=

76,7 (W/m2.)
d tr
0,0385
b-H s cp nhit t thnh ng n nc:
-Chun s Reynolds :
4.Gn
4.0,36
Re =

881,7 < 2300

.n. .d tr 0,246.10 3.37. .0,021
Ta c:
qngng= qw = q = 2. t2 =(tw2 tw1)/rw
tw1= tw2 - 2. t2. rw
-3
o
tw1= 26 37.22,5.0,877.10 = 25,27 C
t1= 33 -25,27 = 7,73 oC
o
Ti nhit tw1 =25,27 C ta c Pr = 6,5 v xem :
Pr 0, 25
(
)
1
Prw
-Chun s Gr:
3
d tr . 2 . .t 0,1
0,0213.995 2.0,314.10 3.7,73 0,1
0,1
Gr = (
)

(
) 2,28
2 .g
(0,77.10 3 ) 2 .9,81

-Chun s Nuselt:
Nu = 0,15.l.Re0,33.Pr0,43.Gr0,1.(Pr/Prw)0,25 = 0,15.1.8810,33.6,50,43.2,28.1 = 7,17
Nn h s cp nhit t thnh trong ca ng n nc :
Nu.1 7,17.0,636
1=

217,15 (W/m2.)
d tr
0,021
-Nhit ti q:
Dng lnh : q1= 1. t1=217,15.7,73 = 1678,6 (W/m2)
Dng nng: q2 = 2. t2 = 76,7.22,5 =2837,9 (W/m2)
q q 2 2837,9 1678,6
Chnh lch nhit ti q: 1

2,7% 5%
q1
2837,9
c-H s truyn nhit :
-H s truyn nhit c xc nh theo cng thc :
1
1
1
1
K =(
rw ) 1 (

0,877.10 3 ) 1 54 (W/m2.)
1 2
217,15 76,7
d-B mt truyn nhit:
Q
15083
F=

18,38 (m2)
K .t log 54.15,2
e-Chiu di thit b:
F
18,38

6,4 (m)
L=
n.d . 37.0,025.
g-ng knh trong ca thit b ngng t :
D = 0,2625 m
Ta c t s : L/D = 6,4/0,2625 = 24,4 > 4 . Do vy ta thay thit b loi 1-1 bng thit
b loi 1-4 , chiu di mi pass l 1,6 m .Lc ny ta c : L1pass/Dt = 1,6/1,05 =
1,52 < 4
3-Thit b ni un:

-Thit b c chn l ni un Kettle

- un si y thp ta dng hi nc bo ha c p sut tuyt i l 3 at

-ng i ca lu cht : Hi nc bo ha i trong ng cn dng lng y i ngoi

ng
Dng nng : 132,9 oC(hi bo ha)
132,9oC (lng ngng)
Dng lnh : 117,3oC(lng si)
117,3 oC (hi)
-Chnh lch nhit trung bnh :
tlog = 132,9 117,3 = 15,6 oC
-Lng hi cn cung cp :
Q
322410
Gh = D
0,149 (kg/s)
r
2171.10 3
Trong :
r : n nhit ha hi ca hi nc p sut bo ha 3 at
-Chn s b K sb = 400 (W/m2.)
-Chn ng thp tiu chun loi thp khng g mc thp X18H10T ,s ng n= 130,
ng knh 32x2,5mm
a-H s cp nhit ca dng hi i trong ng :
Ti nhit ca dng nng T = 132,9oC ta c:
2 = 0,208.10-3 (pa.s)
2 = 0,052 (N/m)
: khi lng ring ca nc ngng = 932,65 (kg/m3)
*: khi lng ring ca hi =1,625 (kg/m3)
-Chun s Nuselt:
g. 2 .d 2 0, 3 l 0,35
Nu = C.Rek0,5.(
) .( )
. *
d
-Chun s Reynolds:
K .t log .d
q.d
400.15,6.0,027
Rek =

0,37
r. 2
r. 2
2171.10 3.0, 208.10 3
H s C = 1,26 , l/d = 50 -225 , chn l/d =50
Do vy :
9,81.932,65 2.0,027 2 0, 3
Nu = 1,26.0,370,5.(
) .(50) 0,35 87
0,052.1,625
-H s cp nhit t hi nc n thnh ng :
Nu. 2 87.0,686
2=

2210,4 (W/m2.)
d tr
0,027
b- H s cp nhit cho dng lu cht lng i ngoi ng :
Ti nhit ca dng lng y T=117,3oC ta c:
1= 0,153 (W/m. )
C1= 2485(J/kg. )
1=0,451.10-3 (N.s/m2)
1= 25,6.10-3 (N/m)
r1=408413 (j/kg)
: khi lng ring ca dung dch y = 925,57 (kg/m3)

*: khi lng ring ca hi

M w .273
59,99.273
*=

1,874 (kg/m3)
22,4.(T 273) 22,4.(117,3 273)
H s cp nhit cho dng lu cht lng i ngoi ng c xc nh theo cng thc :
* .r 0,033 0, 333
.0,75 q 0, 7
2
1 7,77.10 .(
) .( ) . 0, 45 0,117 0, 37
*

.C .T
1,874.408413 0, 033 925,57 0, 333
0,117 0, 75.8190 0, 7
1 7,77.10 2.(
)
.(
)
.
925,57 1,874
25,6.10 3
(0,451.10 3 ) 0, 45 .2485 0,117 .390,30, 37
1 496
, 20 nhit :
c-H
s truyn
-H s truyn nhit c xc nh theo cng thc :
1
1
K (
rw ) 1
1 2
1
1
K (

0,116.10 3 0,464.10 3 0,0025 / 17) 1 313(W / m 2 .do)

2210,4 496, 20
Ta nhn thy K Ksb
d-B mt truyn nhit:
Q
322410
F=

53 (m2)
K .t log 400.15, 2
e-Chiu di thit b:
F
53

4,1 (m)
L=
n.d . 130.0,032.
g-ng knh trong ca thit b ngng t :
D = t.(2no +1)
Trong : t = (1,2-1,5).d , chn t =1,5.d = 1,5.0,032=0,048 m
no : s vng trn ng tm
D = t.(2no +1) = 0,048.(2.6 +1) = 0,624 (m)
Ta c t s : L/D = 3,2/0,624 = 5 > 4 (ph hp )
4-Thit b lm ngui sn phm y:
SA
N PHA
M A
Y

N
C RA

-ng i ca lu cht : Dng nng l dng dung dch y i ngoi ng , dng lnh
DD.A
Y
NC VAO
i trong ng
Dng nng : 117,3 oC
40oC
o
o
Dng lnh : 38 C
27 C
-Chnh lch nhit u vo : tv = 117,3 38 = 79,3 oC

-Chnh lch nhit u ra: tr = 40 27 = 13 oC

-Chnh lch nhit trung bnh :
t t v 79,3 13
tlog = r

36,7 oC
t r
79,3
ln
ln
13
t v
38 27
-Nhit trung bnh ca dng lnh : t1=
32,5 oC . Ti nhit ny ta c cc
2
thng s vt l ca dng lnh nh sau:
1=0,6246 (W/m. )
C1=4175,05 (J/kg. )
1=0,63.10-3 (N.s/m2)
1= 994,8035 (kg/m3)
-Lng nc cn gii nhit :
Qsp
116400
Gn =

2,53 (kg/s)
C1 (t ra t vao ) 4175,05.(38 27)
-Chn ng tiu chun c ng knh l :32x2,5mm , ng c xp thnh vng trn
ng tm c s ng n = 130 ng
a-H s cp nhit t dung dch n thnh ng :
117,3 40
-Nhit trung bnh ca dng nng : t2tb =
78,65 oC
2
Ti nhit ny ta c cc thng s ca dng nng nh sau:
2= 0,1612 (W/m. )
C2= 2297 (J/kg. )
2 = 0,53.10-3 (N.s/m2)
1= 978,31 (kg/m3)
-Tit din ngang ca khong ngoi ng :

S = .( D 2 n.d 2 ) (0,624 2 130.0,032 2 ) = 0,201 m2

4
4
Vi : D: ng knh thit b D = 1,5.d.( 2no + 1 ) = 1,5.0,032.(2.6+1) = 0,624 (m)
-Tc dng sn phm y pha v:

W
2103,96
v=

0,00314 (m/s)
W .S 3600.925,57.0,201
-ng knh tng ng ca khong ngoi ng :
D 2 n.d 2 0,624 2 130.0,032 2
dt =

0,0535 m
D n.d
0,624 130.0,032
-Chun s Reynolds:
v.d . 0,00314.0,0535.925,57
Re = td
293,37 < 2300

0,53.10 3
-Chn t2 = 36oC
tw2 = t2tb - t2 = 78,65 36 =42,65 oC
-Chun s Gr :

d . 2 . .t 0,1
0,0535 3.925,57 2.1,2.10 3.42,65 0,1
Gr = ( td 2
) (
) 4,35
.g
(0,53.10 3 ) 2 .9,81
Ti nhit tw2 = 42,65oC ta c Pr = 12,125 v xem :
Pr 0, 25
(
)
1
-Chun s Nuselt:
Prw
Nu = 0,15.l.Re0,33.Pr0,43.Gr0,1.(Pr/Prw)0,25 =
0,15.1.(293,37)0,33.(12,125)0,43.(4,35).0,96
Nu = 10,04
-H s cp nhit t dung dch n thnh ng :
Nu. 2 10,04.0,125
2=

46, 48 (W/m2.)
d tr
0,027
b-H s cp nhit t thnh ng n nc:
-Chun s Reynolds :
4.Gn
4.2,53
Re =

1732,48 < 2300

3
.n. .d tr 0,53.10 .130. .0,027
Ta c:
qngng= qw = q = ch. t2 =(tw2 tw1)/rw
tw1= tw2 - 2. t2. rw
-3
o
tw1= 48,65 55,27.36.0,877.10 =40,9 C
t1= 40,9 32,5 =8,4 oC
o
Ti nhit tw1 =40,9 C ta c Pr = 4,528 v xem :
Pr 0, 25
(
)
1,01
Prw
-Chun s Gr:
3
d tr . 2 . .t 0,1
0,027 3.994,8 2.0,314.10 3.8,4 0,1
0,1
Gr = (
)

(
) 2,6733
2 .g
(0,53.10 3 ) 2 .9,81
-Chun s Nuselt:
Nu = 0,15.l.Re0,33.Pr0,43.Gr0,1.(Pr/Prw)0,25 =
0,15.1.(1732,48)0,33.(3,95)0,43.(2,6733).1,01
Nu= 8,566
Nn h s cp nhit t thnh trong ca ng n nc :
Nu.1 8,566.0,6246
1=

198,16 (W/m2.)
d tr
0,027
-Nhit ti q:
Dng lnh : q1= 1. t1=198,16.8,4 = 1667,54 (W/m2)
Dng nng: q2 = 2. t2 = 53,27.36 = 1673,28 (W/m2)
q q1 1673,28 1667,54
Chnh lch nhit ti q: 2

3,43% 5%
q2
1673,28
c-H s truyn nhit :
-H s truyn nhit c xc nh theo cng thc :
1
1
1
1
K =(
rw ) 1 (

0,877.10 3 ) 1 43,055 (W/m2.)

1 2
1198,16 46,48
d-B mt truyn nhit:
0,1

Q
116400

73,66 (m2)
K .t log 43,055.36,7
e-Chiu di thit b:
F
73,66

5,6 (m)
L=
n.d . 130.0,032.
g-ng knh trong ca thit b ngng t :
D = 0,624 m
Ta c t s : L/D = 5,6/0,624 = 8,97 > 4 . Do vy ta thay thit b loi 1-1 bng
thit b loi 1-2 , chiu di mi pass l 2,8m .Lc ny ta c :
L1pass/Dt = 2,8/2.0,624 = 2,24 <4 (ph hp)
5-Thit b gia nhit cho nhp liu :

F=

DUNG DCH RA

HI BA
O HO
A

DUNG DCH VAO

N
C NGNG

- un si dung dch nhp liu a vo thp ta dng hi nc bo ha c p sut

tuyt i l 3 at
-ng i ca lu cht : Hi nc bo ha i ngoi ng cn dng nhp liu i trong
ng
Dng nng : 132,9 oC(hi bo ha)
132,9oC (lng ngng)
o
Dng lnh : 85,8 C(lng si)
30 oC (dung dch)
Chnh lch nhit u vo : tv = 132,9 85,8 = 47,1 oC
-Chnh lch nhit u ra: tr = 132,9 30 = 102,9 oC
-Chnh lch nhit trung bnh :
t t v 102,9 47,1
tlog = r

71,4 oC
t
102,9
ln
ln r
47,1
t v
-Lng hi cn cung cp :
Q
109200
Gh = F
0,05 (kg/s)
r
2171.10 3
Trong :
r : n nhit ha hi ca hi nc p sut bo ha 3 at
-Chn thit b c s ng n = 62 ng , ng knh ng 20x2mm, xp theo kiu ng
trn ng tm
a-H s cp nhit t hi nc n thnh ng:
H s cp nhit c xc nh theo cng thc :
r 0, 25
2 1,28. A.(
)
t.d

-Chn t2 = 1,9oC = tngng tw2

tw2 = 131oC
tmng = (tw2 + tngng)/2
tmng=(131+132,9)/2 =132,95 Tra s tay tp II-trang 28 ta c : A = 191,435 . Do :
2471.10 3 0, 25
2 1,28.191,435.(
)
5249,128 (W/m2.)
1,9.0,016
-H s cp nhit trung bnh ca chm ng :
ch = tb. 2
Tra tp 10 V D v bi tp trang 121 ta c : tb = 0,7
Do vy : ch = tb. 2 = 0,7.5249,128 = 3674,39 (W/m2.)
b-H s cp nhit t thnh ng n dung dch nhp liu:
85,8 30
-Nhit trung bnh ca dng lnh : t1=
57,9 oC . Ti nhit ny ta c cc
2
thng s vt l ca dng lnh nh sau:
1=0,1644 (W/m. ).b
C1=2244,1 (J/kg. )
1=0,387.10-3 (N.s/m2)
1= 930 (kg/m3)
-Tnh chun s Reynoylds:
4.G F
4.3000
Re =

=2765,2 > 2300 nn chun s Nuselt

d .n. . 0,016.62.0,387.10 3. .3600
c tnh theo cng thc : Nu =ko.l.(Pr)0,43.(Pr/Prw)0,25
Ta c:
qngng= qw = q = ch. t2 =(tw2 tw1)/rw
tw1= tw2 - ch. t2. rw
-3
o
tw1= 131 3674,39.1,9.0,877.10 = 125 C
t1= 125 64,3 = 60,7 oC
o
Ti nhit tw1 =125 C ta c Pr = 6,5 v xem :
Pr 0, 25
(
)
1
Prw
H s ko = 5,68 (gi tr c chn ph thuc vo chun s Reynolds)
Do vy :
Nu =5,68.1.(6,5)0,43.1,067 = 13,55
Nn h s cp nhit t thnh trong ca ng n nc :
Nu.1 13,55.0,1289
1=

109,16 (W/m2.)
d tr
0,016
-Nhit ti q:
Dng lnh : q1= 1. t1=109,16.60,7 = 6625 (W/m2)
Dng nng: q2 = ch. t2 = 3674,39.1,9 =6981,34 (W/m2)
q q 6981,34 6625
Chnh lch nhit ti q: 2 1
4,8% 5%
q2
6981,34
c-H s truyn nhit :
-H s truyn nhit c xc nh theo cng thc :
1
1
1
1
K =(
rw ) 1 (

0,877.10 3 ) 1 97 (W/m2.)
1 2
109,16 3674,39
d-B mt truyn nhit:

QF
109200

15,76 (m2)
K .t log 97.71,4
e-Chiu di thit b:
F
15,76

4,04 (m)
L=
n.d . 62.0,02.
g-ng knh trong ca thit b ngng t :
D = t.(2no +1)
Trong : t = (1,2-1,5).d , chn t =1,5.d = 1,5.0,02=0,03 m
no : s vng trn ng tm
D = t.(2no +1) = 0,03.(2.4 +1) = 0,27 (m)
Ta c t s : L/D = 4,04/0,27 = 14,96 > 4 . Do vy ta thay thit b loi 1-1 bng thit
b loi 1-2 , chiu di mi pass l 2,02 m.

F=

VIII-TNH CHIU CAO BN CAO V:

Phng trnh Bernoulli ch 2 mt ct 1-1 v 2-2 ta c :

z1

P1 1.v1
P .v

z 2 2 2 2 h f 12

2. g

2. g
2

P2 P1 2 .v 2 1 .v1

h f 12

2. g
-Chn P1 = Pa , P2 = Pa + P , 1 = 2 =1 ,v1 = 0 (m/s) , vF = v2
-Tnh vF :

H = z1 z2 =

F .4
3000.4
vF

0,4566 (m/s)
2
2
.d F . F .0,05 .3600.930
2

.l v
h f 12 =( l d ). 2F. g
-Tnh :
Chun s Reynolds:
v .d .
0,4566.0,05.930
Re F F F F
54862,8 10.000
F
0,387.10 3
Chun s Reynolds gii hn :
d
50
Re gh 6.( F )8 / 7 6.( )8 / 7 3301

0,2
d
50
Re n 220.( F ) 9 / 8 220.( ) 9 / 8 109674

0,2
Ta c:
Regh < ReF < Ren
Vy lu cht nm trong khu vc qu ca ch chy xoy ri . Theo s tay tp I
trang 379 ta c cng thc xc nh nh sau :
100 0,5
0,2
100 0,5
= 0,1.(1,46.

) 0,1.(1,46.

) 0,08
d F Re
50 54862,8
-Tnh l:
-H s tr lc ca cc ng ni c ct 90o v d = 50 mm :=1,1
-H s t thu
Ta c t s Fo/F1 = d2/h2 = 502/5002 = 0,01
(do chn mc cht lng trong bn cha h=0,5 m)
= 0,5
-H s tr lc qua van : chn loi van thng d=0,05m , Re > 3.105
= 0,79
-H s tr lc ca ng ba ng : = 1,2
Vy : l = 0,5.2 + 1,1.8 + 0,79.4 + 1,2.2 + 0,5.2 = 16,36
-Chn l=20 m
Do vy:
2
.l v F
0,08.20 0,4566 2
h
=(

).
=
(
16
,
36

).
0,5138
f 12 l d 2. g
0,05
2.9,81
-Chiu cao H:

P2 P1 2 .v 2 1 .v1
P v F

h f 12 =

h f 12

2. g
. g 2. g
16163
0, 4566 2
H=

0,5138 2,3m
930.9,81 2.9,81
- t gi tr d phng cho nhng tn tht pht sinh , chn H= 2,5 m
-Vy khong cch t mt cht lng bn cao v so vi mt phng nm ngang ti v tr
mm nhp liu l H = 2,5 m
-Khong cch t mm nhp liu ti chn thit b , chn chn cch mt t 1 m
z1= 22.(354).10-3 + 0,25 + 0,185 = 8,223 (m)
-Qui trn H = 8 ,5 m
Vy khong cch t mc cht lng trong bn cao v n bm
HB = H + z1 = 2,5 + 8,5 = 11 m
Ngha l ct p bm l 11 m
Vi thng s :
HB = 11 m
Q = 3000/930 =3,23 (m3/h)
-T gin hnh II.32 trang 443 s tay tp I QTTB ta chn vng p dng ca bm
thuc vng hot ng ca bm ly tm
-Cng sut bm :
.Q.H b 930.9,81.3,23.11
N

0,12(kW )
1000.
3600.1000.0,75
Trong : : hiu sut bm = 0,72-0,93 , chn = 0,75
Tuy nhin d phng ta chn bm c cng sut 0,2 kW , chn bm ly tm X
: y l loi bm ly tm 1-3 cp , nm ngang , bm cht lng c khi lng ring
1850(kg/m3)
Cc thng s ca bm :

H = z1 z2 =

Loi
bm
X

Nng sut
(m3/h)
3,23

Ap sut ton S vng

phn (m)
quay(v/ph)
10-143
14502900

Nhit ca
cht lng (oC)
-40-90

Chiu cao
ht (m)
2,8

IX-TNH CCH NHIT:

-Chn vt liu cch nhit l Carton c cn = 0,064 (W/m.)
-i vi vt liu lm ngui : Cch nhit lm dng nng t gim nhit hn . Do
vi thit b ny khng nn cch nhit . Tuy nhin an ton lao ng ta nn b tr
khung li bo v v bng cnh bo
-i vi thit b ngng t : b tr cch nhit lm gim hiu sut ngng t hi . Do
cng khng nn cch nhit m p dng iu kin an ton lao ng nh trn
-i vi nhng thit b sau cn bc cch nhit tit kim nng lng v an ton
nng lng v an ton lao ng :
-Thp chng ct
-Ni un Kettle
-Thit b gia nhit cho nhp liu

Tn tht nhit l do thit b truyn nhit cho khng kh chuyn ng t do ( i lu

t nhin). H s cp nhit ca khng kh trong nhng trng hp ny l :
-i vi b mt nm ngang truyn nhit ra pha trn np thit b
2,5.4 t
-i vi b mt ngang truyn nhit xung di (y thit b )
1,31.4 t
-i vi thnh thit b :
1,98.4 t
-i vi ng ngang
t
1,08.4
d
Trong :
t : hiu s nhit gia b mt tng v khng kh xung quanh . tnh ton
c hiu qu kinh t cao , n gin khi tnh cch nhit cho thp ta dng cng thc
tnh h s cp nhit ca khng kh i vi np thit b (gi tr max tnh ton )
a-Thp chng ct :
-Nu coi nhng tn tht khc khng ng k th nng lng cc dng a vo
thp l : Q = Q + QF = 264000 + 109200 =373200 (W)
Nu coi nhit tnh ton bng nhit cao nht ca thp v bng 117,3oC , coi
gn ng nhit mt trong v mt ngoi v thit b l bng nhau
-Tng din tch thp m qua nhit c th tht thot :
S = Sy + Sthn + Snp = 0,82.2 + 3,14.0,8.10,7 = 28,5 m2
- hn ch tn tht nhit cho mi trng xung quanh l 2% th mt mt nhit
l
Q / 2%.Q 2%.373200
/
q

261,9 (W/m2)
S
S
28,5
-Chnh lch nhit gia khng kh v mt ngoi lp cch nhit
q/
261,9
t = 41oC
t

4
2,5. t
-Nhit mt ngoi lp cch nhit l:
Tcn = 30 + 41 = 71oC
-Nu coi nhit mt trong ca lp cch nhit bng nhit ca v thp th chiu
dy lp cch nhit l :
t .
(117,3 71).0,064
cn cn / cn
11,31.10 3 m
q
261,9
- an ton ta chn cn = 4 mm . Ring i vi nhng ni cn bc cch nhit
m bo an ton lao ng nh y thp , on thn cui , np , on thn u (
ni ngi tip xc vi thp khi lm vic ) th chn mt ngoi lp cch nhit l
40oC th h s cp nhit ca khng kh nhng ch ny l :
2,5.4 t 2,5.4 40 30 4,45 (W/m2.)
Chiu dy lp cch nhit :

t cn . cn (117,3 40).0,064

18,9.10 3 m
/
q
261,9
b-Thit b gia nhit cho nhp liu :
Coi thit b l hnh tr nm ngang (dng ng ), h s cp nhit ca khng kh
trong trng hp ny l:
t
40 30
1,08.4
1,08.4
2,24 (W/m2.)
d
0,27.2
Chiu dy lp cch nhit :
t .
(117,3 40).0,064
cn cn cn
0,22m
q
2,24.(40 30)
Nhn thy chiu dy lp cch nhit l kh ln, khi khng cch nhit : coi nhit
mt ngoi ca v bng nhit mt trong T=132,9oC , lc ny h s cp nhit ca
khng kh chuyn ng t do quanh thit b l :
t
132,9 30
1,08.4
1,08.4
4 (W/m2.)
d
0,27.2
-Lng nhit tn tht ra mi trng xung quanh :
Q/ = Sv..t = l..D. .t = 2,02. .0,54.4.(132,9-30)=1409,77W
Ta c :
Q/
1409,77
.100%
.100% 1,29%
Q
109200
Ta thy lng nhit tht thot nh nn khng cn bc lp cch nhit . Tuy nhin
m bo an ton lao ng ta cn lm bin bo v khung li ngn cch thit b
vi mi trng xung quanh
c-Ni un Kettle:
Tng t thit b gia nhit cho nhp liu khi khng cch nhit : coi nhit mt
ngoi ca v bng nhit mt trong T=132,9 oC , lc ny h s cp nhit ca
khng kh chuyn ng t do quanh thit b l :
t
132,9 30
1,08.4
1,08.4
3,87 (W/m2.)
d
0,624
-Lng nhit tn tht ra mi trng xung quanh :
Q/ = Sv..t = l..D. .t = 4,1. .0,624.3,87.(132,9-30)=3199W
Ta c :
Q/
3199
.100%
.100% 0,99%
Q
322410
Ta thy lng nhit tht thot nh nn khng cn bc lp cch nhit . Tuy nhin
m bo an ton lao ng ta cn lm bin bo v khung li ngn cch thit b
vi mi trng xung quanh.
X-TNH TON GI THNH CHO THIT B:
1-Chi ph cho thp chnh:
-Chi ph cho vt liu lm thp
+ Khi lng ca ton thp : chn vt liu lm thp l thp khng g (inox)

cn

Gthn = 814 (kg) , Gy = G np = 24,5 (kg) , Gchp = 308,5 (kg), G mm = 461 (kg)
-Tng khi lng thp khng g :
G = 814 + 24,5.2 + 308,5 + 461 = 1632,5 (kg)
-Thc t phi mua vi lng ln hn 20% nn
Ginox ,mua = G.1,2 =1632,5 .1,2 = 1959 (kg)
-n gi 50.000 ng/kg nn chi ph cho thp khng g l :
1959.50000 = 97 triu 950 ngn
-i vi vt liu CT3
Gbch = 277,5 (kg) , Gtay = 4.3,48= 14 (kg) , Gchn = 40 (kg)
-Khi lng thp CT3:
GCT3 = 277,5 + 14 + 40 =331,5 (kg)
-n gi 10.000 ng/kg nn chi ph cho thp CT3 l :
331,5.10000 = 3 triu 315 ngn
-Thc t phi mua vi lng ln hn nn chi ph thc t cho thp CT3 l : 4 triu
-S bulong , c vt dng cho thp chnh :
Chp : 783 con
Bich ni thit b : 24.9 = 216 con
Bch ni ng dn :
24 con
Ca quan st :
8 con
Ngn gi mm : 9.29 = 252 con
Vy tng s l :
500 con
Gi ca bulong , c , vt l : 500-5000 d/con
-Bulong , c , vt trong thp l loi thng nn ta tnh l 2000 /con
-Tng s tin mua bulong , c ,vt l : 2000 . 500 = 1 triu ng
-Ct nhp liu v ct hon lu u lm bng thp khng g nn ta c :
+ Ct v tr nhp liu d = 50 mm gi 15000/ct
+ Ct v tr hon lu d = 25 mm gi 10000/ct
-Tng tin ct 25.000 ng

m lt bch c din tch : .(847 2 827 2 ).10 6.5 0,1315 m2

4
2
-Gi m 1 triu /m nn gi m cn tr 131.500 ng
-Knh thy tinh dy 5 mm c din tch l :

.0,16 2. 0,02 m2
4
-Gi 120.000 ng /m2 nn gi knh phi tr 2400 ng
2-Tnh gi tin cc thit b ph :
a-Bm:
Ta mua hai bm , mt bm hot ng , mt bm d phng
-Cng sut bm l 0,2 kW =0,68 Hp
-Gi bm :700 ngn / Hp
-Nn gi tin ca bm l : 0,268.700000 = 187600 ng
-Tng tin mua bm l : 187600.2 = 375200 ng
b-Tnh tin cc ng truyn nhit :
-Chiu di cc ng c ng knh 30 mm l :

12.37 + 62.4,04 = 694,48m .Ly trn : 695m

-Gi tin ng ng thau: 20000 ng/m
-Tng tin l : 695.20000 = 13 triu 900 ngn
-Chiu di cc ng c ng knh t 30-50 mm l :
+ng ng thau c chiu di: 5,6.130 = 728 m , gi tin 25000 ng/m
Tng tin l : 728.25000 =18 triu 200ngn
+ng thp khng g c chiu di :4,1.130 = 533 m, gi tin 50000 ng/m
Tng tin l : 533. 50000 = 26 triu 650ngn
c-Tnh tin cc ng dn :
-Gi tin mua ng 6 triu ng
d-Lu lng k :
Gi mt lu lng k c ng knh d 50 mm l 1,5 triu ng , ta cn hai lu
lng k nn tng tin cn mua lu lng k l 3 triu ng
e-Van :
Cn 16 van c ng knh d 50 mm lm bng thp thng c gi 50000
ng/van
Tng tin mua van l 800 ngn ng
g-Khi lng vt liu lm v cc thit b v bn cha khong 500 kg thp CT3
Tng tin l : 5 triu ng
-Cn khong 30 ct inox ni cc h thng ng ng trong h thng chng ct
gi mi ct l 30.000 ng /ct . Vy tng s tin mua ct l 900 ngn ng Tm
li ta c bng sau :
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14

Tn vt liu
Gi tin
Bm
376 ngn
ng truyn nhit
58 triu 750 ngn
ng dn
6 triu
Lu lng k
3 triu
Van
800 ngn
V TB ph v cc bn cha
5 triu
Ct ni ng ng
900 ngn
Tng tin cho TB ph
74 triu 776 ngn
Thit b chnh
102 triu 250 ngn
Tin gia cng
204 triu 500 ngn
Tin gia cng ch to TB ph
149 triu 532 ngn
Tin gia cng xy lp v b tr TB
25 triu
Tin vn chuyn
5 triu
531 triu 088 ngn
TIN TNG CNG

TI LIU THAM KHO

1.S tay Qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ho cht _tp 1.Nh xut bn khoa hc v
k thut
2.S tay Qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ho cht _tp 2.Nh xut bn khoa hc v
k thut
3.Phm Vn Bn- V B Minh Hong Minh Nam Qu trnh v thit b cng ngh
ho cht tp 10 V d v Bi tp ,TPHCM
4.Phm Vn Bn (ch bin) Nguyn nh Th Qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ho
cht tp 5 :Qu trnh v thit b truyn nhit
Trng i hc k thut TPHCM
5. Trn Hng Dng Nguyn Vn Lc-Hong Minh Nam V B Minh
Qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ho hc tp 2 , TPHCM
6. H L Vin Thit k v tnh ton cc chi tit thit b ha cht
7.V Vn Bang V B Minh
Cc qu trnh v thit b cng nghip ho cht v thc phm
tp 3 : truyn khi
8.G.S Tin s Nguyn Bin Tnh ton qu trnh thit b trong cng ngh ho cht v
thc phm
Tp 2.NXB KH & K Thut H Ni, 2000
9.S tay thit k Thit b ho cht & ch bin thc phm a dng
Bin son :Phan vn Thm ,1992