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II
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ti
Tnh ton k thut v thit
k thp chng luyn
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Mc lc
Li m u
A. Tnh ton thit b chnh
I. Cc phng trnh cn bng vt liu
3
4
4
II.ng knh thp

1. Lu lng trung bnh cc dng pha i trong thp
2. Khi lng ring trung bnh
3. Tnh vn tc hi i trong thp
4. ng knh thp
III. Chiu cao ca thp
1. Xc nh s n v chuyn khi
B. Kt ln
C. Ti liu tham kho
8
11
12
12
12
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Li m u
Trong cng nghip vic phn tch cc cu t t hn hp u l rt cn thit
nhm mc ch hon thin khai thc, ch bin . . . . , c rt nhiu phng php
phn tch cc cu t trong cng nghip, trong chng luyn l mt trong nhng
phng php hay c s dng. N c dng rng ri trong nhiu ngnh cng
nghip nh ch bin du m . . .
Chng l phng php tch cc cu t t hn hp u da vo bay hi
khc nhau ca chng trong hn hp. Hn hp c th l nhng cht lng hoc
cht kh, thng khi chng mt hn hp c bao nhiu cu t ta s thu c by
nhiu sn phm. Vi hn hp c hai cu t ta s thu c hai sn phm l sn
phm nh gm phn ln l cu t d bay hi & sn phm y cha phn ln cu
t kh bay hi.
Trong thc t c th gp rt nhiu kiu chng luyn khc nhau nh; chng
bng hi nc trc tip, chng n gin, chng luyn . . . Tuy nhin nhm mc
ch thu c sn phm c nng cao, ngi ta tin hnh chng nhiu ln hay
chng luyn. Chng luyn l phng php chng ph bin nht hay dng tch
hn hp cc cu t d bay hi c tnh cht ha tan hon ton hay mt phn vo
nhau.
C nhiu loi thp dng chng luyn nh thp a l, a chp c ng
chy chuyn, thp m, . . . Thp m vi u im cu to n gin, lm vic vi
nng sut ln, hiu sut cao, khong lm vic rng, n nh . . . c ng dng
rng ri trong thc t c bit l trong chng luyn hn hp Etylic nc.
Do thi gian c hn v i su vo ni dung chnh, n ch thc hin
v gii quyt vic tnh ton k thut v thit k thp chng luyn cha i su tnh
ton ht thit b ph.
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A.Tnh ton thit b chnh

I. Cc phng trnh cn bng vt liu v ch s hi lu:
- Truc ht ta i nng phn th tch sang nng phn mol.
M C2 H 5OH = 46 (Kg m 3 )
C H OH = 789 (Kg m 3 )
M H 2O = 18
H O = 998
(Kg
m3
(Kg
m3
[I 9]
[I 9]
Ta c mi lin h:
mE
VE =
nE M E
nE =
VE E
ME
Suy ra ta c:
E
VE
xE =
VE
ME
ME
+ (1 VE )
N
MN
p dng cng thc trn ta c:

VF
xF =
VF
VP
ME
+ (1 VF )
ME
VP
xP =
ME
VW
E
ME
N
MN
0,8
+ (1 VW )
N
MN
789
46
789
998
0,8
+ (1 0,8)
46
18
E
ME
789
46
789
998
0,13
+ (1 0,13)
46
18
MN
+ (1 V P )
ME
VW
xW =
0,13
0,003
(Kmol
= 0,0442
(Kmol
Kmol )
= 0,00093
(Kmol
= 0,553
789
46
789
998
0,003
+ (1 0,003)
46
18
Kmol )
Kmol )
Khi lng phn t hn hp u:

M F = x F M E + (1 x F ) M N
M F = 0,0442 46 + (1 0,0442 ) 18 = 19,2376
Lng hn hp u i vo thp tnh theo Kmol h

GF =
F
MF
(Kmol h )
7000
GF =
= 363,87
19,2376
- Phng trnh cn bng vt liu:

+ Phng trnh cn bng vt liu cho ton thp:
G F = G P + GW
[I 144]
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i vi cu t d bay hi ta c:
G F x F = G P x P + GW xW
Theo quy tc n by ta c:
[I 144]
GW
GF
GP
=
=
x P xW
x F xW
xP xF
Lng sn phm nh:

x F xW
0,0442 0,00093
= 363,87
= 28,52
x P xW
0,553 0,00093
GP = GF
(Kmol h )
Lng sn phm y:
(Kmol h )
GW = G F G P = 363,87 28,52 = 335,35
+ Phng trnh ng nng lm vic ca on luyn:

y=
Rx
x
x+ P
Rx + 1
Rx + 1
[II 144]
+Phng trnh ng nng lm vic ca on chng:

GF
GP
Vi L =
[II 158]
R x : Ch s hi lu thch hp.
y = x
Suy ra:
Rx + L
L 1
xW
Rx + 1
Rx + 1
- Xc nh ch s hi lu thch hp:
Theo bng IX. 2a S tay II Trang 148
H2
ng
ph
y 0 33,2 44,2 53,1 57,6 61,4 65,4 69,9 75,3 81,8 89,8 100 89,4
t 100 90,5 86,5 83,2 81,7 80,8 80 79,4 79 78,6 78,4 78,4 78,15
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
T bng ni suy ta c:
x F = 0,0442 y F = 0.2935
Theo cng thc ch s hi lu ti thiu ca thp chng luyn l:

Rmin =
x P y
y x F
Rmin =
x P y F
0.553 0.2935
=
= 1,041
y F x F 0.2935 0,0442
[II 158]
Ta c cng thc:
R = 1,55 Rmin
[II 159]
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R = 1,55. 1,041 = 1,614

Lng hn hp u tnh theo 1 Kmol sn phm nh.
L=
G F 363,87
=
= 12,76
28,52
GP
+ Phng trnh ng nng lm vic on luyn.

y=
1,614
0,553
x+
= 0,6174 x + 0,2116
1,614 + 1
1,614 + 1
+ Phng trnh ng nng lm vic ca on chng.

y=
1,614 + 12,76
12,76 1
x
0,00093 = 5,45 x 0,0042
1,614 + 1
1,614 + 1
II. ng knh ca thp:

D = 0.0188
g tb
( y y )tb
[II 181]
gtb:lng hi trung bnh i trong thp (Kg/h)

( y.wy)tb :tc hi trung bnh i trong thp
1. Lu lng trung bnh cc dng pha i trong thp :

a/ Trong on luyn :
S liu :
GP : Lng sn phm nh (P) = 28,52(kmol/h).
R : H s hi lu thch hp = 1,614
GR : Lng hi lu = GP . R =28,52.1,614=46,03 (kmol/h)
y=0,6174.xp+0,2116=0,6174.0,553+0,2116=0,553
Lng hi ra khi nh thp g :
g = GR + GP = GP . (R + 1) =28,52. (1,614+ 1) = 74,5513(kmol/h)
Lng hi i vo on luyn g1 , nng hi y1 , lng lng G1 i vi a th
nht ca on luyn, nng lng x1 :
Coi x1 = xF = 0,0442
Phng trnh cn bng vt liu :
(1)
g1 = G1 + GP
Phng trnh cn bng vt liu vi cu t d bay hi (etylic) :
g1 y1 = G1 x1 + GP xP
(2)
Phng trnh cn bng nhit lng :
(3)
g1 r1 = g r
r1 : n nhit ha hi ca hn hp hi i vo a luyn th nht (kcal/kmol)
r : n nhit ho hi ca hn hp hi i ra khi nh thp (kcal/kmol)
Gi :
rA : n nhit ha hi ca Etylic
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rB : n nhit ho hi ca H2O.
T th (t,x,y) ta c :
- Nhit si ca hn hp nh (x = xP =0,553): tP = 79,70C
Ni suy theo bng r to (I-254) vi to = 79,7C :
r = 202,12 (kcal/kg) = 202,12.M A (kcal/kmol) = 9297,52 (kcal/kmol)

A
rB = 559,3 (kcal/kg) = 518,5.M B (kcal/kmol) = 10067 ,4 (kcal/kmol)
r = rA . y + rB (1 - y) = 9297,52 . 0,553 + 10067,4 .(1- 0,553)
=9641,66 (kcal/kmol)
- Nhit si ca hn hp u (x = xF =0,0442): tF = 91,6 C
rA = 197,36 (kcal/kg) = 197,36.M A (kcal/kmol) = 9078,56 (kcal/kmol)
rB = 547,4 (kcal/kg) = 547,4.M B (kcal/kmol) = 9853,2 (kcal/kmol)
rl = rA . yl + rB (1 yl) = 9078,56 . yl + 9853,2 . (1 yl)

T (1);(2) v (3) ta c :
g1= G1 + 28,52
g1.y1= 0,0442.G1 + 15,77
-774,64.y1 + 9853,2.g1 = 718798,3
Gii 3 phng trnh trn ta c:
G1=45,83(Kmol/h) , g1=74,35(Kmol/h) , y1=0,239
Lng hi trung bnh i trong on luyn :
g tbL =
g d + g1 74,5513 + 74,35
=
= 74,451 (kmol/h)
2
2
Lng lng trung bnh i trong on luyn :
GtbL =
GR + G1 46,03 + 45,83
=
= 45,93 (kmol/h)
2
2
b/ Trong on chng :
S liu :
GW : Lng sn phm y (W) = 335,35(kmol/h)

Lng hi i vo on chng
g1, , nng hi y 1, , lng lng G1'
th nht ca on chng, nng lng
x 1, ,
i vi a
lng hi ra khi on chng
chnh l lng hi i vo on luyn g1 :

Ta c
y1, = y *W
l nng cn bng ng vi xW , ni suy theo bng s liu
ng cn bng (II-148) :
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y1 = yW = 0,61752
,
Phng trnh cn bng vt liu :
G1' = g1' + G W
(1)
Phng trnh cn bng vt liu vi cu t d bay hi (etylic) :
G1' x1' = g1' y1' + G W x W
(2)
Phng trnh cn bng nhit lng :
g1' r1' = g1r1
(3)
rl : n nhit ha hi ca hn hp hi ra khi on chng.

rl = rA . yl + rB (1 yl) = 9078,56 . 0,239 + 9853,2 . (1 0,239)
= 9668,06 (kcal/kmol)
r1: n nhit ho hi ca hn hp hi i vo a chng th nht.
T bng s liu x to si dd (II-148), ni suy ta c:
Nhit si hn hp y (x = xW = 0,00093): tW = 99,82C
rA = 194,072 (kcal/kg) = 194,072.M A (kcal/kmol) = 8927,312 (kcal/kmol)
rB = 539,18 (kcal/kg) = 539,18.M B (kcal/kmol) = 9705,24 (kcal/kmol)

n nhit ha hi ca hn hp hi i vo a chng th nht :
rl = rA . yl + rB (1 yl) = 8927,312.0,61752 + 9705,24 . (1 0,61752)
= 9224,854 (kcal/kmol)
(3' ) g1' = g1
r1
9668,06
= 74,35.
= 77,922(kmol/h)
'
r1
9224,854
(1' ) G1' = g1' + GW = 77,922 + 335,35 = 413,272 (kmol/h)

Lng hi trung bnh i trong on chng :
g tbC
g1 + g1' 74,35 + 77,922

=
=
= 76,136 (kmol/h)
2
2
Lng lng trung bnh i trong on chng :
GtbC
G1 + G1' 45,83 + 413,272

=
=
= 229,551(kmol/h)
2
2
2. Khi lng ring trung bnh.

a/ Khi lng ring trung bnh pha lng :
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1
a
1 a tb1
= tb1 +
xtb 2
xtb xtb1
[IX104a- II184]
Trong :
xtb : Khi lng ring trung bnh pha lng (kg/ m3)
xtb1 : Khi lng ring trung bnh cu t 1 (kg/ m3)
xtb2 : Khi lng ring trung bnh cu t 2 (kg/ m3)

atb1 : Nng khi lng trung bnh cu t 1 (kg/ kg)
- on luyn :
Nng trung bnh pha lng on luyn:
xtbL =
xF + xP 0,0442 + 0,553
=
= 0,2986
2
2
Ni suy vi xtbL theo bng s liu nng to si dung dch (II-148) :

Nhit trung bnh on luyn : ttbL = 81,721C
Khi lng ring ca Etylic v Nc theo t = ttbL : (I-9)
xL2 = 970,8 (kg/m3)
xL1 = 733,37 (kg/m3)
Nng khi lng trung bnh ca Etylic on luyn
aF =
v F . E
0,13.789
=
= 0,106
vF . E + (1 vF ) N 0,13.789 + (1 0,13)998
(Kg/Kg)
aP =
0,8.789
v P . E
=
= 0,76 (Kg/Kg)
vP . E + (1 vP ) N 0,8.789 + (1 0,8)998
atbL =
xL
a
1 atbL
= tbL +
xL 2
xL1
a F + a P 0,106 + 0,76
=
= 0,433
2
2
1
0,433 1 0,433
=
+
733
,
37
970
,
8
= 851,44 (kg/m3)
- on chng :
Nng trung bnh pha lng on chng :
xtbC =
xW + xF 0,00093 + 0,0442
=
= 0,0226
2
2
Ni suy vi xtbC theo bng s liu nng to si dung dch (II-148) :

Nhit trung bnh on chng : ttbC = 95,706C
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Khi lng ring ca Etylic v Nc theo t = ttbC :(I-9)
xC 1 = 720 ,08 (kg/m3) xC 2 = 961 , 42 (kg/m3)

Nng khi lng trung bnh ca Etylic on luyn :
aw =
v w . E
0,003.789
=
= 0,0024 (Kg/Kg)
vw . E + (1 vw ) N 0,003.789 + (1 0,003)998
atbC =
xC
a
1 atbC
= tbC +
xC 2
xC1
aW + a F 0,0024 + 0,106
=
= 0,0542
2
2
0,0542 1 0,0542
=
+
961,42
720,08
= 944,27 (kg/m3)
b/ Khi lng ring trung bnh pha hi :

- on luyn :
Nng pha hi u on luyn l : yL = y1 = 0,239
Nng pha hi cui on luyn l : ycL = yP = xP = 0,553
Nng trung bnh pha hi on luyn :
ytbL =
ydL + ycL 0,239 + 0,553

=
= 0,396
2
2
Khi lng mol trung bnh hi on luyn :
M yL = ytbL.M1+(1- ytbL).M2 = 0,396 . 46 + (1- 0,396).18

= 29,088 (kg/kmol)
Khi lng ring trung bnh pha hi on luyn :
yL =
M yL . TO
29,088 . 273
=
= 1 (kg/m3)
22,4.(TO + ttbL ) 22,4.( 273 + 81,721)
- on chng :
Nng pha hi u on chng l : y dC = y1 = 0,61752
'
Nng pha hi cui on chng l : ycC = y1 = 0,239

Nng trung bnh pha hi on luyn :
ytbC =
ydC + ycC 0,61752 + 0,239

=
= 0,42826
2
2
Khi lng mol trung bnh hi on chng :
M yC = ytbC.M1+(1-ytbC).M2 = 0,42826.46+(1 0,42826).18 =30 (kg/kmol)

Khi lng ring trung bnh pha hi on chng :
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yC =
M yC . TO
30 . 273
=
= 0,99 (kg/m3)
22,4.(TO + ttbC ) 22,4.(273 + 95,706)
3. Tnh vn tc hi i trong thp :

a.Tnh nht:
- on luyn
+Tra bng (I-94) ta c nht ca nc 200C l: 1,005. 10-3
+ ttbL= 81,7210C suy t bng (I-92) ta c:
E = 0,426.10 3
(N.s/ m 2 )
(N.s/ m 2 )
H = 0,351.10 3
(N.s/ m 2 )
Vy nht pha lng tnh theo nhit trung bnh l:

lg xL = xtbL lg E + (1 xtbL ) lg H
xtbL = 0,2986
lg xL = 0,2986 lg(0,426.10 3 ) + (1 0,2986) lg(0,351.10 3 )
lg xL = 3,43
xL = 0,37.10 3
G
X L = tbL
g tbL
yL

xL
1
8
(N.s/ m 2 )
45,93
=
74,451
851,44
= 0,38
YL = 1,2.e-4.X = 0,26
. d . yL
YL =
g.V 3 .
d
xL
2
s
xL
0 ,16
Y .g.Vd3 . xL
2
=> s = L
xL 0,16
)
d . yL .(
n
3
= 0,26.9,81.0,76 .851,44
0,37.10 3 0,16
165
.
1
.(
)
1,005.10 3
=6,78 (m/s)2
- on chng
+Tra bng (I-94) ta c nht ca nc 200C l: 1,005. 10-3
+ ttbC= 95,7060C suy t bng (I-92) ta c:
E = 0,35.10 3
(N.s/ m 2 )
H = 0,3.10 3
(N.s/ m 2 )
(N.s/ m 2 )
Vy nht pha lng tnh theo nhit trung bnh l:

lg xC = xtbC lg E + (1 xtbC ) lg H
xtbC = 0,0226
lg xC = 0,0226 lg(0,35.10 3 ) + (1 0,0226 ) lg(0,3.10 3 )
lg xC = 3,52
10
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xC = 0,3.10 3
=>
G
X C = tbC
g tbC
yC

xC
1
8
(N.s/ m 2 )
229,551
=
76,136
0,99
944,27
= 0,56
YC = 1,2.e-4.X = 0,13
. d . yC
YC =
g .V 3 .
d
xC
2
s
xC
3
0,13.9,81.0,76 .944,27
0,3.10 3 0,16
)
165.0,99.(
1,005.10 3
0 ,16
Y .g .Vd3 . xC
2
=> s = C
xC 0,16
)
d . yC .(
n
=3,93
(m/s)2
4. ng knh thp:
+on luyn:
wyL= 0,8.ws = 0,8.(6,78)1/2 = 2,083 (m/s)
D L = 0.0188
g tbL .M yL
74,451.29,088
= 0.0188
= 0,61 (m)
( yL yL )tb
(1 2,083)
+on chng:
wyC= 0,8.ws = 0,8.(3,93)1/2 = 1,586 (m/s)
DC = 0.0188
g tbC .M yC
76,136.30
= 0.0188
= 0,72 (m)
( yC yC )tb
0,99.1,586
III. Chiu cao ca thp

Chiu cao lm vic ca thp c xc nh theo cng thc.
H = hdv m y
[II 175]
(m)
Trong : - hdv : Chiu cao ca mt n v chuyn khi.

- m y : S n v chuyn khi.
1. Xc nh s n v chuyn khi:
yp
my =
yW
dy
=S
cb y
[II 176]
Vi M din tch gii hn bi ng cong thnh phn.

+ Dng th f ( y ) =
1
y cb y
11
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y cb
y cb -y
1
y cb y
0,00093
0.00087
0,0061752
0,0053052
188.5
0,01
0,02
0,03
0,04
xF
0,0442
0,05
0,06
0,07
0,08
0,09
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
xP
0,553
T bng trn ta c:
0.0503
0.1048
0.1593
0.2138
0.239
0.24247
0.249
0.255
0.261
0.267
0.273
0,335
0,397
0,459
0,520
0,553
0,0664
0.1328
0.1992
0,2656
0,2935
0.332
0,354
0,376
0,398
0,42
0,442
0,531
0,576
0,614
0,654
0,6545
0,0134
0,028
0,0399
0,0518
0,0545
0,089
0,105
0,121
0,137
0,153
0,169
0,196
0,179
0,155
0,134
0,102
74.63
35.71
25.06
19.3
18.35
11.24
9.52
8.26
7.3
6.54
5.92
5.1
5.59
6.45
7.46
9.8
xW
m yL =
yP
y1
y1
m yC =
dy
= 8,214
y
yW
dy
= 5,752
y
2. Chiu cao ca mt n v chuyn khi ph thuc vo c trng ca m

v xc nh theo cng thc:
hdv = h1 +
m Gy
Gx
h2
[I 177]
Trong :
- h1 =
2
Vd
Re 0y, 25 Pr y 3 (m ) : L chiu cao ca mt n v chuyn khi i vi
a d
pha hi.
[II 177]
2
3
0,5
- h2 = 256 x Re0,25
x Prx ( m ) : L chiu cao ca mt n v chuyn khi i
x
vi pha lng.
Vi:
[II 177]
12
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a : H s ph thuc vo dng m. Vi m vng Ring ln xn a = 0,123 .
x : nht ca pha lng (Ns m 2 ) .

xL = 0,37.10 3
xC = 0,3.10 3
x : Khi lng ring ca lng.

xL = 851,44(Kg m 3 )
xC = 944,27(Kg m 3 )
Re, Pr : Chun s Reynol v prand.
: H s thm t ca m, ph thuc vo t s gia mt ti thc t ln
tit din ngang ca thp v mt ti thch hp.

a. Tnh h1 :
-
: H s thm t ca m ph thuc vo
U tt
U th
- Vi:
U tt =
Vx
Gx
hay U tt =
2
Ft
x d
: mt ti thc t,
( m3 m2 h )
45,93.29,088
= 5,372
0,612
851,44
4
( m3 m2 h )
[II 177]
- on luyn:
U ttL =
xL
G xL
DL
=
4
- on chng:
U ttC =
xC
G xC
DC
=
4
229,551.30
= 17,92
0,72 2
944,27
4
U th = B d : mt ti thch hp ,( m 3 m 2 h )
( m3 m2 h )
[II 177]
Chng luyn B= 0,065 ( m 3 m h ) U th = 0,065 165 = 10,725 ( m 3 m 2 h )

Suy ra:
U ttL
5,372
=
= 0,5 L = 0,5
U th 10,725
[II 178]
U ttC
17,92
=
= 1,67 C = 1,67
U th 10,725
+ Chun s Rynn ca pha hi: Re y =

- on luyn: Re yL =
0,4 yL yL
yL d
[II 178]
0,4 y s
y d
[II 178]
0,4 1 2,083
= 13,65
0,37 10 3 165
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- on chng: Re yC =
0,4 yC yC
yC d
0,0043 10 4 T 1,5
1
1
p VE 3 + VH 3
0,4 0,7242 1,2849

= 160,4
0,0119 10 3 195
+ Chun s Pran ca pha hi: Pr y =

Dy =
[II 178]
y Dy
1
1
+
: H s khuych tn trong pha hi. [II 127]
ME MH
p = 1atm.
V E , V H : Th tch mol phn t ca Etylic v nc.
V E = VC2 H 5OH = 2 14,8 + 6 3,7 + 1 7,4 = 59,2
V H = VH 2O = 18,9
(cm
(cm
mol )
mol )
TL = 81 + 273 = 354 0 K
TC = 94 + 273 = 367 0 K
D yL =
D yC =
0,0043 10 4 3541,5
59,2
+ 18,9 3
0.0043 10 4 3671,5
59,2 13 + 18,9 13
- on luyn: Pr yL =
-on chng: Pr yC =
1
1
+
= 1,8497 10 5
46 18
(m s )
1
1
+
= 1,9525 10 5
46 18
(m s )
yL
yL D yL
yC
yC D yC
0,0109 10 3
= 0,5154
1,1434 1,8497 10 5
0,0119 10 3
= 0,8416
=
0,7242 1,9525 10 5
Chiu cao ca mt n v chuyn khi h1 .
h1L =
Vd
a L d
Re yL
0 , 25
Pr yL
2
0,75
266,7126 0, 25 0,5154 3 = 0,2539 (
0,123 0,32 195
m)
h1C =
Vd
a C d
Re yC
0 , 25
Pr yC
2
0,75
160,4 0, 25 0,8416 3 = 0,0992 (m)
0,123 1 195
b. Tnh h2 :
+ Chun s Rynn ca pha lng: Re x =
Hay: Re x =
0, 04 Gx
Ft d x
[II 178]
0, 04 Gx
D2
d x
4
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0,04 G xL
0,04 0,4626
=
= 0,491
2
DL
3,14 0,8 2
3
195 0,3847 10
d xL
4
4
- on luyn: Re xL =
- on chng: Re xC =
0,04 G xC
0,04 2,1624
=
= 2,874
2
DC
3,14 0,8 2
3
195 0,3072 10
d xC
4
4
+ Chun s Pran ca pha lng: Prx =
[II 178]
x Dx
(m s )
2
D x : H s khuych tn trong pha lng.

Dt = D20 [1 + b (t 20)]
1
1
+
ME MH
1 10 6
Vi: D20 =
[II 134]
1
1
E H H V E 3 + VH 3
1 10 6
2
1
1
+
46 18
1
1
4,7 1,24 1 59,2 3 + 18,9 3
= 7,2707 10 9
H = 1 : nht ca nc 200C
H s nhit : b =
0,2
3
0,2 1
3
998
= 0,02
[II 135]
Vi: , l nht v khi lng ring ca H 2 O 20 0 C .

- on luyn: D81L = 7,2707 10 9 [1 + 0,02 (81 20)] = 16,1409 10 9
- on chng: D94C = 7,2707 10 9 [1 + 0,02 (94 20 )] = 18,0313 10 9
PrxL =
PrxC =
xL
0,3847 10 3
=
= 29,7904
800,053 16,1409 10 9
xL D xL
xC
0,3072 10 3
=
= 18,0953
941,517 18,0313 10 9
xC D xC
Chiu cao ca mt n v chuyn khi i vi pha lng l:

2
h2 L
= 256 xL
xL
h2C
= 256 xC
xC
0,3847 10 3
= 256
800,053
0,5
Re 0xC, 25 PrxC
0,3072 10 3
= 256
941,517
Re
0,5
xL
0 , 25
xL
Pr
0,4907 0, 25 29,7904 0,5 = 0,0718
2,8726 0, 25 18,09530,5 = 0,0672 T
th ng lm vic:
Ta c: m L =
mF + mP
2
mC =
mW + m F
2
T th ta suy ra:
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mL =
0,778 + 2,25
= 1,514
2
mC =
6,67 + 2,25
= 4,46
2
- Chiu cao ca mt n v chuyn khi:

- Chiu cao ca on luyn:
hdvL = h1L +
mL G y
Gx
h2 L = 0,2539 +
1,514 0,7128
0,0718 = 0,4214
0,4626
(m)
- Chiu cao ca on chng:

hdvC = h1C +
mC G y'
G
'
x
h2C = 0,0992 +
4,46 0,4681
0,0672 = 0,164 (m)
2,1624
Chiu cao ca thp:

- on luyn: H L = hdvL m yL = 0,4214 7,75 = 3,3
(m)
- on chng: H C = hdvC m yC = 0,164 2,85 = 0,5
(m)
Vy chiu cao lm vic ca thp:

H = H L + H C = 3,3 + 0,5 = 3,8
(m)
IV. Tr lc ca thp
- Sc cn thy hc ca thp m i vi h hi - lng im ng pha.
G
pu = p k 1 + A x
G
Trong :
y x

x y
n
(N/m2)
[II 189]
pu - Tn tht p sut khi m t ti im o pha c tc ca kh
bng tc ca kh i qua im kh (N/m2).

p k - Tn tht p sut ca m kh (N/m2).
G x , G y - Lu lng ca lng v ca kh (kg/s).
x , y - Khi lng ring ca lng v ca kh (kg/m3).

x , y - nht ca lng v ca kh (N.s/m2).
Do:
Re yL = 266,7126 <400
Re yC = 160,4 <400
Tn tht p sut ca m kh c tnh theo cng thc:

2
2
H y t
, H d y y
p k =
2
4
2
d td
Vd2
,
Trong :
[II 189]
H - Chiu cao lp m (m).

H L = 3,3
(m)
H C = 0,5
(m)
, - H s tr lc ca m (tr lc do ma st v tr lc cc b).
y, - Tc ca kh tnh trn ton b tit din thp (m/s).
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d = 195 (m2/m3) - B mt ring ca m.

Vd = 0,75 (m3/m3) - Th tch t do ca m.
, - Hn s ph thuc chun s Rynn. Vi thp m vng ln xn th

, =
16
Re 0y, 2
[II 189]
- on luyn: ,L =
16
= 5,2349
266,7126 0, 2
- on chng: ,C =
16
= 5,7953
160,4 0, 2
- Tn tht p sut ca m ti on luyn:

p kL =
2
,L H L d yL yL
Vd2
5,2349 3,3 195 0,7933 2 1,1434

=
= 538,66
4
2
0,75 2
- Tn tht p sut ca m ti on chng:

p kL =
2
,C H C d yC yC
Vd2
5,7953 0,5 195 0,8234 2 0,7242
= 61,6522
4
2
0,75 2
Tr lc ca m kh: p K = p kL + p kC
p k = 538,66 + 61,6522 = 600,3122
Theo bng IX.7 gi tr ca cc h s A, m ,n c.

A = 5,15
m = 0,342
n = 0,19
c = 0,038
- Sc cn thy hc ca thp m i vi an luyn:
puL
puL
0 , 342
0 , 038
0 ,19
GG
x
y

= p kL 1 + A

G

y
x
y
L
L
0 , 342
0 ,19
0 , 038
0,3874
1,1434
0,4626
= 538,66 1 + 5,15
= 1327,856
0,0109
800,053
0,7128
- Sc cn thy hc ca thp m i vi on chng:
puC = p kC
puC
G
1 + A G
G
0 , 342
y

x
0 , 038
C y C
0 ,19
0 , 342
0 ,19
0 , 038
2,1624
0,7242
0,3072
= 61,6522 1 + 5,15
= 216,907
0,4681
941,517
0,0119
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pu = puL + puC
Tr lc ca m t:
pu = 1327,856 + 216,907 = 1544,763
Vy tr lc trong thp m l: p = p k + pu
p = 600,3122 + 1544,763 = 2145,0752
V. Tnh ton cc thit b chnh

1. Thn thp.
- Thn thp l thn hnh hn, lm vic chu p sut trong, khng b t nng trc
tip thit b loi I nhm 2
h s hiu chnh = 0,9
[II 356]
- Chn vt liu l thp v khng g X18H10T
Theo bng tnh cht c hc ca vt liu chn dy trong khong (1 3mm) ta c gii
hn bn ko v bn chy ca vt liu:
k = 540 10 6 N m 2
[II 310]
ch = 220 10 6 N m 2
Theo bng s liu XIII.3 h s an ton bn ko v bn chy ca vt liu:

nk = 2,6
[II 356]
nc = 1,5
ng sut gii hn bn ko ca vt liu c tnh theo cng thc:

[ k ] = k N m 2
nk
[ k ] =
540 10 6
0,9 = 186,923 10 6 N m 2
2,6
ng sut gii hn bn chy ca vt liu c tnh theo cng thc:

[ c ] = c N m 2
nc
[ c ] =
[II 355]
[II 355]
220 10 6
0,9 = 132 10 6 N m 2
1,5
Chn ng sut cho php l ng sut b nht trong hai ng sut trn:
[ ] = [ k ] = 132 10 6 N
m2
Chn cch ch to; hn tay bng h quang in, hn gip ni hai bn c h s bn mi

hn: h = 0,95
[II 362]
Chiu dy thn hnh tr l.
S=
Dt p
+C
2 [ ] p
(m)
[II 360]
Trong :
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Dt : ng knh trong ca thp (m).

DL = 0,73 (m)
DC = 0,77 (m).
p = p mt + g 1 H 1 : p sut trong tht b (N m 2 ) .
p mt : p sut hi trong thp (N m 2 )
Do thp lm vic p sut thng nn p mt = 1amt = 9.81 10 4 (N m 2 ).
p1 = g 1 H 1 : p sut thy tnh ca ct cht lng N m 2 .
1 : Khi lng ring ca cht lng trong thp (kg m 3 ).
Chn khi lng ring trung bnh ln nht trong pha lng: = 941,517(Kg m 3 )
g = 9,81(m/s2): Gia tc trng trng.
H = 3,8(m ) : Chiu cao lm vc ca thp.
p = p mt + 1 g H = 9,81 10 4 + 941,517 9,81 3,8 = 1,332 10 5
[ ] : ng sut cho php vi loi vt liu chn (N/m2).

: H s bn ca thnh hnh tr theo phng dc v thp kn khng c l nn
= h = 0,95
[II 363]
C : i lng b sung do n mn, bo mn v dung sai v chiu dy (m).
C = C1 + C 2 + C 3
(m)
C1 : B sung do n mn (m).
Do Etylic Nc l nhng cht n mn chm C1 = 0,1(mm nam ) .

C2 : B sung do bo mn (m)
Thp chng luyn ch cha lng v hi nn t bo mn C2 = 0
C3 : B sung do dung sai v chiu dy (m)
Chn dung sai (II-364) Chn C3 = 0,8 mm = 0,8.10-3 (m)
Suy ra:
C = C1 + C 2 + C 3 = 0,1 + 0 + 0,8 = 0,9(mm ) = 0,9 10 3 (m )
Chiu dy thn thp l:

- on luyn vi Dt = 0,8(m ) .
SL =
0,8 1,332 10 5
+ 0,9 10 3 = 1,38 10 3 (m )
6
5
2 132 10 0,95 + 1,332 10
Quy chun: S L = 2(mm )

- on chng vi Dt = 0,8(m ) .
SC =
0,8 1,332 10 5
+ 0,9 10 3 = 1,38 10 3 (m )
2 132 10 6 0,95 + 1,332 10 5
Quy chun: S c = 2(mm )

Chiu dy trn thit b: S = S L = S C = 2(mm )
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+ Kim tra ng st theo p sut th.

p sut th: p 0 = pth + p1 (N m 2 )
[II 366]
pth : p sut th thy lc.
pth = 1,5 p N m 2 .
[II 358]
p1 : p sut ct cht lng trong thp.

p1 = g 1 H 1
Suy ra:
p 0 = 1,5 1,332 10 5 + 9,81 941,517 3,8 = 234898 N m 2
ng sut theo p sut th:

=
Ta c:
=
[Dt + (S C )] po
2 (S C )
(N
1,2
m2
[II 365]
[0,8 + (2 0,9) 10 ] 234898 = 90,0367 10 (N

3
2 (2 0,9) 10 0,95
3
m2
Mt khc:
c
1,2
Vy: <
c
1,2
220 10 6
= 183,333 10 6 N m 2
1,2
tha mn
Chiu dy thn thit b l 2(mm ) .

2. Np v y np.
- Chn cng vt liu vi thn thp; Thp khng g X18H10T.
- Chi tit cu to:
- y v np elip c g chu p sut trong.
- Cc kch thoc:
- ng knh trong tnh theo: Dt = 0,8 (m)(y) ; Dt = 0,8(m)(np)
- Chiu cao phn li : hb = 0,25 . Dt
Np: hb = 0,25 . 0,8 = 0,2 (m)
y: hb = 0,25 . 0,8 = 0,2 (m)
- Chiu cao g : h = 0,025 (m)
- Chiu dy y v np :
S=
Dt p
D
t +C
3,8 [ k ] k h p 2 hb
(m)
[II 385]
Trong :
h = 0,95: H s bn mi hn hng tm.
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k = 1
d
: H s khng th nguyn.
Dt
V y v np c l nhng l c tng cng hon ton k = 1

p : p sut trong.
Np: p = p hoi = 1at = 9,81 10 4 (N m 2 )
y: p = pthap = p hoi + p1 = 1,332 10 4 (N m 2 )

- Chiu dy np:
0,8 9,81 10 4
0,8
S=
+ 0,9 10 3 = 1,2 10 3 (m )
6
4
3,8 132 10 0,95 9,81 10 2 0,225
Do S C < 10(mm )
[II 385]
B sung thm: S = 1,2 10 3 + 2 10 3 = 3,2 10 3 (m )

Quy chun: S = 4(mm )
-
Chiu dy y:
0,8 1,332 10 4
0,8
+ 0,9 10 3 = 0,94 10 3 (m )
6
5
3,8 132 10 0,95 1,332 10 2 0,225
S=
Do S C < 10(mm )
[II 385]
B sung thm: S = 0,94 10 3 + 2 10 3 = 2,94 10 3 (m )

Quy chun: S = 3(mm )
- Kim tra ng sut theo p sut th:
Ta c:
[D
=
+ 2 hb (S C ) p 0
7,6 k h hb (S C )
2
t
Vi np thp:
p = 1,5 p hoi = 1,5 9,81 10 4 = 147150 N m 2
[0,8
[II 387]
+ 2 0,225 (4 0,9) 10 3 147150

= 18,742 10 6 (N m 2 )
3
7,6 1 0,95 0,225 (4 0,9 ) 10
2
M:
<
1,2
220 10 6
= 183,33 10 6 N m 2
1,2
Vy: S = 4(mm ) tha mn.

Vi y thp :
p = p0 = 234898 N m 2
[0,8
=
+ 2 0,225 (3 0,9 ) 10 3 234898

= 44,133 10 6 (N m 2 )
3
7,6 1 0,95 0,225 (3 0,9 ) 10
2
M:
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<
c
1,2
220 10 6
= 183,33 10 6 N m 2
1,2
Vy: S = 3(mm ) tha mn.

3. Chn mt bch.
- Chn bch bn bng thp CT3 kiu I
Vi cc thng s chn theo (II 417) vi y = 0,1 10 6 (N m 2 )
[II 417]
- S bch: 3 c bch ni .
y vi thn thp.
Np vi thn thp.
Ni on chng vi on luyn.
- Bc bch.
- ng knh trong:
Dt = 0,8 ( m )
Dt = 0,8 ( m )
D = 930 ( mm )
D = 930 ( mm )
Db = 880 ( mm )
Db = 880 ( mm )
D1 = 850 ( mm )
D1 = 850 ( mm )
D0 = 811( mm )
D0 = 811( mm )
- Bulong:
db = M 20
Z = 24 ( cai )
- Chiu di bch:
h = 20 ( mm )
4. Tnh ng knh cc ng dn.

- Chn vt liu ng dn cng vt liu thp dy S = 2(mm )
- ng knh ng dn.
d=
V
0,785
[I 369]
Trong :
- V : Lu lng th tch (m 3 s ) .
- : Tc trung bnh (m s ) .
a. ng dn hn hp u vo thp.
(Kg s )
GF = 1,94
M F = 19,4504
t F = 90,30 C
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Theo bng s liu Nhit dung ring Nhit .
[I 172]
Ti: t 0 = t F = 90,30 C v ni suy.

+ Khi lng ring ca ri E H 80 0 C v 100 0 C .
- i vi ri E: 80 0 C : E = 735 (kg m 3 )
100 0 C : E = 716 (kg m 3 )
- i vi H : 80 0 C : H = 972 (kg m 3 )
100 0 C : H = 958 (kg m 3 )
Ta c: x = 2 +
100 t
(1 2 )
100 80
80
tx
t0C
100
th biu din mi quan h gia khi lng ring theo nhit

Khi lng ring ca ri Etylic v Nc tF = 99,50 C .
E = 2 +
100 t
100 90,3
(1 2 ) = 716 +
(735 716) = 725,215
100 80
100 80
(kg
m3
H = 2 +
100 t
100 90,3
(1 2 ) = 958 +
(972 958) = 964,79
100 80
100 80
(kg
m3
Vi:
a F = 0,1225
Suy ra:
1
a
1 aF
0,1225 1 0,1225
fF = F +
+
= 927, 27 Kg m3
=
964, 79
T
725, 215
E
V=
F
1,94
=
= 2,1 103 ( m3 s )
f F 927, 27
Theo [I 369] chn Wdau = 0,3 ( m s )
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ng knh ng dn hn hp u.
2,1 103
d=
= 0, 09 ( m ) = 90 ( mm )
0, 785 0,3
Theo [II 434] chiu di on ng ni: l = 80 ( mm )

H =
V
2,1 103
=
= 0, 03 ( m s )
0, 785 d 2 0, 785 0, 022
b. ng dn hi nh thp.
- Lng hi nh thp:
G y = ( R + 1) GP = 77, 27 ( Kmol h )
G y = 0, 0215 ( Kmol s )
- Nhit sn phm nh theo xP = yP = 0,8165

T th t x,y suy ra: tP = 78, 62790 C
- Lu lng hi nh thp:
VP = G y
22, 4 ( 273 + t P )
VP = 0, 0215
273
22, 4 ( 273 + 78, 6279 )
273
= 0, 62 m3 s
Chn theo [II 369] = 20 ( m s )

ng knh ng:
d=
0, 62
= 0,199 ( m )
0, 785 20
Quy chun: d = 0, 2 ( m ) = 200 ( mm )

Theo [II 434] chiu di on ng ni l = 130 ( mm )
Tc thc t:
H =
V
0, 62
=
= 19, 75 ( m s )
2
0, 785 d
0, 785 0, 22
c. ng dn sn phm y.
- Lng sn phm y:
GW = 337,844 ( Kmol h ) = 1, 69 ( Kg s )
M W = M E xP + (1 xP ) M H = 46 0.0019 + (1 0, 0019 ) 18 = 18, 0532
Ta c: xW = yW = 0, 0019
T th t x,y suy ra tW = 99,51660 C
Theo [I 9] v ni suy tW = 99,51660 C
E = 716, 46 ( Kg m3 )
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H = 958,34 ( Kg m3 )
aW = 0, 0048
Suy ra:
1
0, 0048 1 0, 0048
W =
+
= 956, 79 kg m3
958,34
716, 46
Theo [ II 434] chiu di on ng l = 130 ( mm )

Lc :
- Lu lng th tch ca sn phm y l :
V=
GW
337,844
= 0,98.104 (m3/s)
956, 79.3600
Chn tc sn phm y l : w = 0,2 (m/s)

ng knh ca ng dn sn phm y l :
0,98.104
= 0,025(m)
d=
0, 785.0, 2
Quy chun : d = 0,03 (m) = 30 (mm)
Chiu di on ng ni : l = 90 (mm)
Tc thc t ca sn phm y :
[II - 434]
V
0,98.104
=
= 0,139 (m/s)
wTT =
0, 785.d 2 0, 785.0, 032
d. ng dn hi ngng t hi lu:
Lng hi ngng t hi lu l:
GR = GP.R =
900,84.1, 67
= 0, 42
3600
(kg/s)
GP = 22, 0458 40,862 = 900,84 ( Kg h )
Nhit ca hi ngng t hi lu tR = tP = 78,6279 oC

Khi lng ring ca Etylic v Nc (bng I-10) theo t = tR :
E = 755, 3 (kg/m3)
H = 983, 75 (kg/m3)
Nng khi lng ca hi ngng t hi lu aR = aP = 0,9192

Khi lng ring ca hi ngng t hi lu l :
1
a
1 aR
0,9192 1 0,9192
R = R +
+
=
= 769, 74 (kg/m3)
755,3
983,
75
B
A
Lu lng th tch ca hi ngng t hi lu l:
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V=
GR
0, 42
= 0,54.103 (m3/s)
769, 74
Chn tc hi ngng t hi lu l : w = 0,3 (m/s)

ng knh ca ng dn hi ngng t hi lu l :
d=
0,54.103
= 0,048 (m)
0, 785.0,3
Quy chun : d = 0,05 (m) = 50 (mm)

Chiu di on ng ni: l = 100 (mm)
Tc thc t ca hi ngng t hi ku:
wTT =
[II - 434]
V
0,54.103
=
= 0,275 (m/s)
0, 785.d 2 0, 785.0, 052
e. ng dn hi sn phm y hi lu:
Lng hi sn phm y hi lu l:
Gx, = 415,115 (kmol/h)
Nhit ca hi sn phm y hi lu:

tW = 99,5166 oC
Lu lng th tch ca hi sn phm y hi lu l:
Gx, .22, 4.(273 + tW )

V=
273
(m3/s)
415,115.22, 4.(273 + 99,5166)
=
= 3,5245
273.3600
Chn tc hi sn phm y hi lu l: w = 30 (m/s)
ng knh ca ng dn hi sn phm y hi lu l:
d=
3,5245
= 0,387 (m)
0, 785.30
Quy chun: d = 0,39 (m) = 390 (mm)

Chiu di on ng ni: l = 150 (mm)
Tc thc t ca hi sn phm y:
wTT =
[II - 434]
V
3,5245
=
= 29,5 (m/s)
2
0, 785.d
0, 785.0,392
5. Khi lng thp:

G = GT + GN- + GB + Gbl + G + G + GL (kg)
Trong :
GT: Khi lng thn thp tr (kg).
GN-: Khi lng np v y thp (kg).
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GB: Khi lng bch (kg).

Gbl : Khi lng bu lng ni bch (kg).
G: Khi lng a l trong thp (kg).
G: Khi lng ng chy chuyn (kg).
GL: Khi lng cht lng in y thp (kg).
a. Khi lng thn thp tr:
- Khi lng ring ca thp l T = 7,9.103 (kg/m3)
- ng knh trong ca thn thp:
Theo cc thng s a chn : Dt = 1,4 (m)
- Chiu dy thn thp : S = 2 (mm)
- Chiu cao thn thp : H = 3,8 (m)
Khi lng thn thp l:
GT =
[II - 313]
.[( Dt + S )2 Dt2 ]
.H .T
4
3,14.[(0,8 + 2.103 ) 2 0,82 ]
=
.3,8.7,9.103 = 75.5 (kg)
4
b. Khi lng np v y thp:

Theo cc thng s ca np v y thp chn:
- B mt trong ca np, y thp : F = 0,76 (m2)
[II - 382]
- Chiu dy ca np, y thp ly chung: S =2 (mm) = 2.10-3 (m)
Khi lng np v y thp l:
GN D = 2 F .S .T = 2.0, 76.2.103.7,9.103 = 24, 016 (kg)

c. Khi lng bch:
Theo cc thng s ca bch chn:
- ng knh trong ca bch: Dt = 0,8 (m)
- ng knh ngoi ca bch: D = 0,93 (m)
- Chiu dy bch: h = 0,025 (m)
- S bch: n = 3 (cp) = 6 (chic)
Khi lng bch l:
.[ D 2 Dt2 ]
.h.T .n
4
3,14.[0,932 0,82 ]
=
.0, 025.7,9.103.6 = 209, 2 (kg)
4
GB =
d. Khi lng bu lng ni bch:

Theo cc thng s ca bch chn :
Cn 3 cp bch, mi cp cn 32 bu lng loi M20 (khi lng: 0,15 kg/ci).
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Khi lng bu lng ni bch l:
Gbl = 3.32.0,15 = 14, 4 (kg)

e. Khi lng m:
d = 570 ( Kg m3 )
m 30 30 3,5
S m trong 1m3: 25.103(m/1m3).
Th tch m: V = 0, 032 ( 0, 032 0, 07 2 ) 0, 03 = 8, 737 106 ( m3 )

4
Khi lng mt m:
V d = 8, 737 106 570 = 4,98 103 ( Kg )
Th tch ca thp:
0,8 + 0,8
3
V = H F = 3,8 3,14
= 7, 64 ( m )
2
S m trong thp:
N = 25.103.7,64 = 191.103(m)
Khi lng m:
GD = N 4,98 103 = 191000 4,98 103 = 951,18
f. Khi lng lng in y thp:

- Tnh gn ng:
Vl = Vthap Vdem = 7, 64 8, 737 106 191000 = 5.97 ( m3 )
- Khi lng lng:

Gl = Vl l = 5,97
800, 053 + 941,517

= 5198,59 ( kg )
2
Nh vy tnh gn ng:
Gthap = Gthan + GN D + GB + GBL + Gd + Gl
GT = 24, 016 + 209, 2 + 14, 4 + 951,18 + 5198,59 = 6397,386 ( Kg )
Vy khi lng thp:

GT = 6397,386 ( Kg )
6. Tnh chn :
- Trng lng thp:
P = G g = 6397,386 9,81 = 62758,36 ( N ) = 6, 276 104
- Theo [II 437] chn chn c ti trngcho php trn mt chn.

G = 2,5 104 ( N )
- B mt .
F = 811104 ( m 2 )
- Ti trng cho php trn b mt .
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- Vt liu CT3, chn kiu IV, s chn 6.

Ti trng B mt Ti trng L
B
cho php
cho php
4
trn mt F.10 , trn b
m2
chn
mt
-4
G.10 N
q.10-6,
N/m2
6,0
711
0,84
300 240
B1
B2
mm
260
370
450
226
18
110 34
VI. Tnh cn bng nhit.

1. Thit b gia nhit hn hp u.
- Phng trnh cn bng nhit lng ca thit b un nng hn hp u.
[II 196]
QD + Q f = QF + Qng1 + Q xql
1
Trong :
QD1 : Nhit lng do hi t mang vo (J/h).
Q f : Nhit lng do hn hp u mang vo (J/h).
QF : Nhit lng do hn hp u mang ra (J/h).
Qng1 : Nhit lng do nc ngng mang ra (J/h).

Q xq1 : Nhit lng mt mt do mi trng xung quanh(J/h).
- Chn hi t l hi nc bo ha p sut p = 2at, t s0 = 119 0 C

a. Nhit lng do hi t mang vo.
Ta c:
QD = D1 1 = D1 (r1 + 1 C1 )
(J/h)
[II 196]
Trong :
D1 : Lng hi t (Kg/h).
1 : Nhit lng ring ca hi t (J/Kg).
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1 = 119 0 C : Nhit nc ngng.

r1 : n nhit ha hi ca hi t (J/kg).
Theo bng s liu nhit ho hi nhit .
[I 301]
Ti: t 0 = 1 ni suy ta c:
r1 = 526, 7 ( Kcal Kg ) .
r1 = 526, 7 4,18 103 ( J Kg ) = 2210, 4 103 ( J Kg ) .
C : Nhit dung ring ca nc ngng. (J Kg do )
b. Nhit lng do hn hp u mang vo.

Ta c:
( J h)
Q f = GF c f t f
[II 196]
Trong :
F : Lng hn hp u mang vo.
( Kg h )
F = 7000
( Kg h )
t f = 200 C
(J
C f : Nhit dung ring hn hp.
Kg do )
: t f = 200 C CE = 2480 ( J Kgdo )

CH = 4180 ( J Kgdo )
i nng sang phn trm khi lng.

a1 =
x1 M 1
x1 M 1 + (1 x1 ) M 2
aF =
xF M E
0,0518 46
= 0,1225
=
x F M E + (1 x F ) M H 0,0518 46 + (1 0,0518) 18
aP =
xP M E
0,8165 46
= 0,9192
=
x P M E + (1 x P ) M H 0,8165 46 + (1 0,8165) 18
aW =
xW M E
0,0019 46
= 0,0048
=
xW M E + (1 xW ) M H 0,0019 46 + (1 0,0019 ) 18
Ta c:
Ta c:
C f = a f C E + (1 a f ) C H
Suy ra:
C f = 0,1225 2480 + (1 0,1225) 4180 = 3971,75
(J
Q f = GF t f c f = 7000 20 3971, 75 = 55, 6.107
( J h)
Kg do )
Vy:
c. Nhit lng do hn hp u mang ra.
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Ta c:
( J h)
QF = G F c F t F
[II 196]
Trong :
t F = 90,30 C : Nhit ca hn hp u mang sau un nng.
CF : Nhit dung ring ca hn hp u khi i ra. (J Kg do )
[I 172]
Ti: t 0 = tF = 90,30 C v ni suy.

+ Nhit dung ring ca ri E H 80 0 C v 100 0 C .
- i vi ri E:
80 0 C : CE = 3220 (J Kg do )
100 0 C : CE = 3520 (J Kg do )
- i vi H:
80 0 C : CH = 4190 (J Kg do )
100 0 C : CH = 4230 (J Kg do )
Ta c: Cx = C2 +
100 t
( C1 C2 )
100 80
80
tx
100
t0C
th biu din mi quan h gia nhit dung ring theo nhit
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Nhit dung ring ca ri Etylic v Nc tF = 90,30 C .

CE = 3520 +
100 90,3
( 3220 3520 ) = 3374,5
100 80
(J
Kg do )
CH = 4230 +
100 90,3
( 4190 4230 ) = 4210, 6
100 80
(J
Kg do )
C F = 0,1225 3374,5 + (1 0,1225) 4210 = 4107,65
(J
Kg do )
QF = 7000 4107, 65 90,3 = 259, 6.107
( J h)
a F = 0,1225
Vi:
Suy ra:
Vy:
d. Nhit lng do nc ngng mang ra.

Ta c:
( J h)
Qng1 = D1 C1 1
[II 197]
. Nhit lng mt ra mi trng xung quanh.

Ta c:
Qxq1 = 5% Qtieuton
( J h)
Qxq1 = 0, 05 D1 r1
( J h)
[II 197]
e. Lng hi t cn thit.
Ta c:
D1 =
D1 =
QF + Qng1 + Qxq1 Q f
QF Q f
0,95 r1
259, 6 55, 6
107 = 971, 48
0,95 2210, 4 103
(Kg h )
2. Thp chng luyn.

- Phng trnh cn bng nhit ca thp chng luyn.
Ta c:
( J h ) [II 197]
QF + QD2 + QR = Qy + Qw + Qxq 2 + Qng 2
Trong :
QF : Nhit lng do hn hp du mang vo thp.
( J h)
( J h)
QD2 : Nhit lng do hi t mang vo thp

QR :Nhit lng do lng lng hi lu mang vo thp.
( J h)
Qy : Nhit lng do hi mang ra nh thp.
( J h)
Qw : Nhit lng sn phm y mang.
( J h)
Qxq 2 : Nhit lng mt mt ra mi trng xung quanh.
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( J h)
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( J h)
Qng 2 : Nhit lng do nc ngng mang ra.
Chn hi t l hi nc bo ho p = 2at , t 0 = 1190

a. Nhit lng do hi t mang vo thp.
Ta c:
( J h ) [II 197]
QD2 = D2 2 = D2 ( r2 + G2C2 )
Trong :
D2 : Lng hi t.
(J
Kg )
2 : Hm nhit (nhit lng ring) ca hi t.
(J
Kg )
2 = 1190 C : Nhit nc ngng.
(J
Kg )
r2 : n nhit ho hi ca hi t.
(J
Kg )
r2 = r1 = 2210, 4 103
(J
Kg )
(J
C2 : Nhit dung ring ca nc ngng.
Kg do )
b. Nhit lng do hi lu mang vo.

Ta c:
(J
QR = GRCR t R
Kg )
[II 197]
Trong :
Vi:
GR : Lng lng hi lu.
( Kg h )
GR = GX 0 = 1665, 4453
( Kg h )
a R = a P = 0,9192 t R = 77,68 0 C
Suy ra:
CR = CP = 3282, 61( J Kg do )
Vy:
QR = 1665, 4453 3282, 61 77, 68 = 42, 468 107
(W )
c. Nhit lng do hi t mang ra nh thp.

Ta c:
Qy = GP (1 + Rx ) d
( J h)
[II 197]
(J
Kg )
[II 197]
1 = r1 + C1 1
(J
Kg )
2 = r2 + C2 2
(J
Kg )
Trong :
d : Hm nhit ca hi nh thp.
d = a 1 + (1 a ) 2
1 , 2 : Nhit lng ring ca Etylic v Nc.
Vi:
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1 = 2 = t R = 77,68 0 C
(J
(J
C1 = CE = 3374,5
C2 = CH = 4210, 6
Kg do )
Kg do )
Theo bng (I 301) v ni suy ta c:

r1 = rE = 848031, 48 ( J Kg )
r2 = rH = 2346165,9 ( J Kg )
1 = 848031, 48 + 3374,5 77, 68 = 1110162, 64 ( J Kg )

2 = 2346165,9 + 4210, 6 77, 68 = 2673245 ( J Kg )
Suy ra:
= a 1 + (1 a ) 2 = 0,9192 1110162, 64 + (1 0,9192 ) 2673245 = 1236459, 7 ( J Kg )
Vy:
Qy = 1236459, 7 664,848 (1 + 2,52 ) = 289,3 107 ( J h)
d. Nhit lng do sn phm y mang ra.

Ta c:
( J h)
QW = GW CW tW
Trong :
(Kg h )
(Kg h )
GW : Lng sn phm y.
GW = 6099,17
T th t- x,y.
xw = 0, 0019 tw = 99,50 C
[I 172]
Ti: t 0 = tF = 99,50 C v ni suy.

+ Nhit dung ring ca ri E H 80 0 C v 100 0 C .
- i vi ri E: 80 0 C : CE = 3220 ( J Kgdo )
100 0 C : CE = 3520 ( J Kgdo )
- i vi H : 80 0 C : CH = 4190 ( J Kgdo )
100 0 C : CH = 4230 ( J Kgdo )
Ta c: Cx = C2 +
100 t
( C1 C2 )
100 80
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80
tx
t0C
100
th biu din mi quan h gia nhit dung ring theo nhit

Nhit dung ring ca ri Etylic v Nc tF = 99,50 C .
CE = 3520 +
100 99,5
( 3220 3520 ) = 3512,5
100 80
(J
Kg do )
CH = 4230 +
100 99,5
( 4190 4230 ) = 4229
100 80
(J
Kg do )
CW = 0,0048 3512,5 + (1 0,00,48) 4229 = 4225,56
(J
Kg do )
QW = 6099,17 4225,56 99,5 = 256, 44 107
( J h)
aW = 0,0048
Suy ra:
Vy:
. Nhit lng mt mt do mi trng xunh quanh.
Ta c:
(J h ) [II 198]
Q xq 2 = 0,05 D2 r2
e. Nhit lng do nc ngng mang ra.

Ta c:
( J h ) [II 198]
Qng 2 = Gng 2 C 2 2 = D C 2 2
Trong :
Gng 2 : Lng nc ngng bng lng nc ngng t.
f. Lng hi t cn thit.
D2 = Qy + Qw + Qng 2 + Qxq 2 QF QR
D2 =
Qy + Qw QF QR
0,95 r2
289,3 107 + 256, 44 107 259, 6 107 42, 468 107

D2 =
= 116, 06 (Kg/h)
0,95.2210.104
3. Thit b ngng t.
- Phng trnh cn bng nhit thit b ngng t hon ton.
Ta c:
G P (R + 1) rd = Gn C n (t 2 t1 )
[II 198]
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Trong :
rd : n nhit ha hi ca nh thp.
(J
Kg )
(J
Kg .do )
td = 90,30 C
Theo [I 301] ni suy ta c:

rE = 512 ( Kcal Kg )
rH = 180 ( Kcal Kg )
a = 0,1225
(J
Gn : Lng nc tiu tn.
Kg )
t1 , t2 : Nhit vo v ra ca nc lm lnh 00 C .
Nhit vo ca nc lm lnh ly nhit thng t1 = 200 C

Nhit ra ca nc lamg lnh chn t1 = 400 C
ttb =
t1 + t2
= 300 C
2
Cn : Nhit ring ca nc nhit trung bnh.
Theo [I 195] v ni suy ta c:

Cn = 4174,4(J/Kg.do)
Lng nc lnh cn thit.
Gn =
GP ( R + 1) r
Cn ( t2 t1 )
668,84(2,505 + 1).1236459, 7
= 3, 47.104 (J Kg )
4174, 4.20
4. Thit b lm lnh
- Phng trnh cn bng nhit ca thit b lm lnh.
Theo [II 198]:
GP CP ( t1' t2' ) = Gn2 Cn ( t2 t1 )
Trong :
( Kg h )
Gn2 : Lng nc lnh tiu tn.

t1' , t2' : Nhit u v cui ca sn phm nh ngng t 00 C
Sn phm sau ngng t trng thi si.

Nhit vo chnh bng nhit si nh thp t1' = 90,30 C
Nhit ra ca sn phm y ly l t2' = 250 C
t1' + t2'
t =
= 57, 650 C
2
0
tb
CP : Nhit dung ring ca sn phm nh ngng t.
Theo [I 202] v ni suy ta c:
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t o = 57, 650 C
CE = 2897
(J
Kg .do )
CH = 4183
(J
Kg .do )
(J
Kg .do )
Nhit dung ring ca hn hp:

CP = 0,1225 2897 + (1 0,1225 ) 4183 = 4025, 465
Lng nc lnh cn thit:

Gn2 =
GP CP t1' t2'
Cn ( t2 t1 )
) = 668,84.4025, 464.65,3 = 2105,849 (J

4174, 4.20
Kg )
VII. thit b gia nhit hn hp u

un nng hn hp u (theo phn khi lng) vi nng sut 7000 kg/h, gi
thit dung dch u c nhit ban u t=200C, cn un nng n nhit si tF =96
0
C (nhit si tra theo ng cn bng x-y-t). un nng hn hp u ta dng thit
b gia nhit loi ng chm loi ng, dng hi nc bo ho un nng hn hp u,
chn p sut tuyt i ca hi nc bo ha l P = 2at, khi nhit ca hi nc
bo ho l tbh= 119,60C.
Thit b trao i nhit loi ng chm thng ng vi cc thng s:
- B mt truyn nhit trn 1 n v th tch(m2/m3): 15 40
- Lng kim loi cn cho 1 n v nhit ti: 1
- Lng kim loi cn cho 1 n v b mt t: 30 80
- Chiu cao ng: hO = 1,0 (m)
- ng knh ng: d = 25 (mm)
- Chiu dy thnh ng: = 2,5 (mm)
ng knh trong ca ng l: dO = 20 (mm)
- Dung dch i trong ng, hi t i ngoi ng.
Chn vt liu ch to ng l thp khng g 2X13
Theo I-148, h s dn nhit ca vt liu l : = 25,4 (W/m.)
Chn hi t l hi nc bo ho p sut 2 at, c to si = 119oC
1. Hiu s nhit trung bnh:
Nhit vo ca dung dch l t = 20 oC
Nhit ra ca dung dch l tc = tsi = tF = 90,3oC
Hi t l hi nc bo ho nn nhit khng thay i v l nhit si p sut
chn (2 at): 119,62 oC
t1 = 119 20 = 99 oC
t2 = 119 90,3 = 28,7 oC
Hiu s nhit trung bnh gia hai lu th l:
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ttb =
t1 t2 99 28, 7
=
= 56,8 O C
t
99
ln 1
ln
28, 7
t2
Nhit trung bnh ca hi t l ttb1 = 119 oC

Nhit trung bnh ca dung dch l ttb2 = ttb1 - ttb = 119 56,8 = 62,2 oC
2. Lng nhit trao i:
Q = m.C P .(t c t d ) (J/s)

Trong :
m: Lng dung dch a vo (kg/s).
m = F = 1,05 (kg/s)
CP : Nhit dung ring ca dung dch (J/kg.).

Theo bng s liu Nhit dung ring to (I-202) ti to = ttb2, ni suy ta c:
CE = 2997,5(J/kg.)
CH = 4190(J/kg.)
Nng hn hp u : aF =0,1225
CP = C1.aF + C2.(1 aF) = 4043,9188(J/kg.)
t, tc: Nhit vo v ra ca dung dch (oC)
Q = 1,05.4043,9188.(90,3-20) = 298501,8662 (J/s)
3. Din tch trao i nhit:
2
qT
th
q2
t1
tT1
tT
t2
tT2
q1
tdd
K hiu:
th: Nhit hi t hi nc bo ho 2 at (oC) : th = ttb1 = 119,62 oC
tT1: Nhit mt ngoi ng (oC)
tT2: Nhit mt trong ng (oC)
tdd: Nhit dung dch (oC): tdd = ttb2 = 62,2 oC
t1: Hiu nhit gia hi t v mt ngoi ng (oC): t1 = th tT1
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t2: Hiu nhit gia mt trong ng v dung dch (oC): t1 = tT2 tdd
tT: Hiu nhit gia mt ngoi ng v mt trong ng (oC): tT = tT1 tT2
: Chiu dy thnh ng (m)
tm: Nhit mng nc ngng (oC): tm = 0,5.( th + tT1)
q1: Nhit ti ring pha hi ngng t (W/m2)
q2: Nhit ti ring pha dung dch (W/m2)
1: H s cp nhit pha hi ngng t (W/m2.)
2: H s cp nhit pha dung dch (W/m2.)
a. H s cp nhit pha hi ngng t:
1 = 2,04.A.4
r
(W/m2.)
t.H
[II - 28]
Trong :
A: Ph thuc nhit mng nc ngng tm
r: n nhit ho hi ly theo nhit hi bo ho th (J/kg)
Theo bng s liu Nhit ho hi to (I-301), ni suy ta c:
r = 2201,4.103 (J/kg)
t: Hiu nhit gia hi t v mt ngoi ng (oC): t = t1
H: Chiu cao ng (m) : H = hO = 1,0 (m)
b. H s cp nhit pha dung dch:
Phng trnh chun s cp nhit i lu cng bc:
Pr
Nu = 0,021.1. Re0,8 . Pr 0, 43 .
Prt
0, 25
[ I - 14]
Trong :
1: H s hiu chnh:
hO
1,0
=
= 50 1 = 1
d O 0,020
Nu: Chun s Nuyxen : Nu =
.l
: H s cp nhit pha dung dch (W/m2.): = 2

l: Kch thc hnh hc ch yu (m): l = dO = 0,020 (m)
: H s dn nhit ca dung dch (W/m.)
= A.C P ..3
(W/m.)
M
[I.32 I.143]
A: H s ph thuc mc lin kt ca dung dch

Etylic v Nc l hn hp lng lin kt: A = 3,58.10-8
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CP: Nhit dung ring ca dung dch (J/kg.): CP = 3827,64 (J/kg.)

: Khi lng ring ca dung dch (kg/m3)
Khi lng ring ca Etylic v Nc
E = 751, 91 (kg/m3)
theo ttb2 = 57,22C:
H = 981, 79 (kg/m3)
Nng khi lng ca dung dch: aF = 0,1225

Ta c:
1
a
1 aF
0,1225 1 0,125
= F +
+
=
= 946,3477 (kg/m3)
751,91
981,
79
H
E
M: Khi lng mol phn t ca dung dch (kg/kmol)

MF=19,4504(Kg/Kmol)
= A CP
M
= 0,5002 (W m.do )
Re: Chun s Reynolt

qu trnh truyn nhit t hiu qu, dung dch phi ch chy xoy Chn Re
= 10000
Pr: Chun s Prand ca dng tnh theo nhit dng: Pr =
C P .
: nht ca dung dch (N.s/m2)

Theo bng v ton (I-102) vi nhit dung dch ttb2 = 57,22C:
H = 0,4654 (cP)
E = 0,5738 (cP)
Theo cng thc (I-93), ta c:
lg = xF .lg( E ) + (1 xF ).lg( H )
= 0,4618 (cP) = 0,506 . 10-3 (N.s/m2)
4043,9188.0, 4618.103
Pr =
= 3, 7335
0,5002
Prt: Chun s Prand tnh theo nhit tng:
C .
Prt = Pt t =
t
t .M 1 / 3
=
A. 4t / 3
t
A. t .3
M
t .19, 45041/ 3
Prt =
= 75,12.106. 4t/ 3
8
4/3
t
3,58.10 .t
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0,25
Pr
Nu = 0,021.10000 .3,7335 .
Prt
0,8
0,43
0,25
Pr
= 58,6448.
Prt
c. Tng nhit tr thnh ng:
rO = r1 + r2 +
(m2./W)
Trong :
r1: Nhit tr do lp cn bm bn ngoi thnh ng: r1 = 0,232.10-3 (m2./W)
r2: Nhit tr do lp cn bm bn trong thnh ng: r2 = 0,387.10-3 (m2./W)
: Chiu dy thnh ng : = 2,5 (mm) = 2,5.10-3 (m)
T: H s dn nhit ca thnh ng: T = 25,4 (W/m.)
2,5 3
3
rO = 0,232 + 0,387 +
.10 = 0,72.10 (m2./W)
25,4
d. Nhit ti ring trung bnh:

Gi s t1 = 4 oC
tT1 = th - t1 = 119 - 4 = 115 (oC)
tm = 0,5.(th + tT1) = 117 (oC)
Theo bng s liu A tm (II-29), ni suy ta c: A = 186,65
2201, 4.103
1 = 2, 04.186, 65. 4
= 10375,1722 (W/m2.)
4.1, 0
q1 = 1 . t1 = 10375,1722 . 4 = 41500,6887 (W/m2)
qT = q1 =41500,6887 (W/m2)
tT = qT . rO = 29,77 (oC)
tT2 = tT1 - tT = 115 29,77=85,23 (oC)
Theo bng v ton (I-102) vi nhit tng tT2:
H = 0,3375 (cP)
E = 0,4056 (cP)
Theo (I-93), ta c:
lg t = xF .lg( E ) + (1 xF ).lg( H )
t = 0,3408 (cP)
Khi lng ring ca Etylic v Nc (I-10) theo tT2:
E = 730, 0315 (kg/m3)
H = 968, 339 (kg/m3)
Theo (II-183), ta c:
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1
a
1 aF
t = F +
= 931,105 (kg/m3)
H
E
Prt = 75,12.10 .
6
0,3408.103
931,1057
= 2,8157
0,25
Pr
Nu = 58,6448.
Pr
T
2 =
= 62,9306
Nu. 62,9306.0,5002
=
= 1573,8946 (W/m2.)
l
0,02
t2 = tT2 tdd = 85,23 62,2 = 23,03 (oC)

q2 = 2 . t2 = 36246,7926 (W/m2)
Ta c nhit ti ring trung bnh:
qtb =
q1 + q2
= 38873, 74 (W m2 )
2
e. Din tch trao i nhit:
F=
( )
Q 298501,8662
=
= 7, 68 m 2 (m2)
38873, 74
qtb
S ng truyn nhit cn dng l:
nO =
F
7, 68
=
= 122 (ng)
.dO .hO 3,14.0, 020.1, 0
Chn cch xp ng theo hnh lc gic, gi a l s ng trn mt cnh hnh lc gic

[V.139 II.48]
Tng s ng l : nO = 3.a.(a-1) + 1 (ng)
Chn a = 7, nO = 3.7.(7-1)+1 = 127 (ng)
S ng trn ng cho hnh lc gic : b = 2a 1 = 13 (ng)
Chn bc ng l: t = 0,03 (m) (1,2d 1,5 d)
ng knh ngoi ca ng l: d = 0,025 (m)
ng knh trong ca thit b l:
D = t.(b - 1) + 4.d = 0,03.(13 - 1) + 4 . 0,025 = 0,46 (m) [V.139 II.48]
Vn tc dung dch trong ng:
Theo gi thit ( ch chy xoy vi Re = 104):
wGT
Re. 104.0,3408.103
=
=
= 0,183 (m/s)
.dO
931,1058
- Theo tnh ton:
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wGT wTT 0,183 0, 0283

=
= 84,5% > 5%
wGT
0,183
Ta cn phi chia ngn thit b, s ngn chia l:
wGT
0,183
=
= 6, 47 (ngn)
wTT 0, 0283
Quy chun, ta chia thit b lm 7 ngn.
Nh vy:
Thit b gia nhit hn hp u.
S ng: n0=127 chia lm 7 ngn.
B tr ng theo hnh lc gic, s ng trn 1 cnh = 7 ng.
Chiu cao ng h= 1(m), ng knh d= 25(mm), chiu dy thnh ng = 2,5 (mm),
ng knh trong ca ng d0 = 20(mm).
Vt liu ch to ng thp khng g 2 13
VIII.tnh bm
Bm lm vic lin tc trong qu trnh chng luyn, a dung dch t b cha ln
thng cao v, mc cht lng trong thng cao v c gi mc khng i nh ng
chy trn duy tr p sut n nh cho qu trnh cp liu.
Lu lng bm : GB = GF = 1,105 (kg/s)
1
K hiu :
H0 : Chiu cao tnh t mt thong
b cha dung dch n mt
thong thng cao v (m)
H1 : Chiu cao tnh t y thp n
a tip liu (m)
H2 : Chiu cao tnh t ni t bm
n y thp (m)
Z : Chiu cao tnh t a tip liu
n mt thong thng cao v
(m)
H0
2
2
H1
H2
1. Cc tr lc ca qu trnh cp liu:
Tronh qu trnh sn xut
a. Tr lc trong ng dn t thng cao v n thit b gia nhit:
P m1 = P ms1 + P cb1 + Pw (N/m2)
Trong :
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P ms1: Tr lc ma st (N/m2)
P cb1: Tr lc cc b (N/m2)
S liu:
Chiu di ng: L1 = 2 (m)
ng knh ng: dO = 0,09 (m)
Lu lng: GF = 0,105 (kg/s)
Th nng vn tc ca cht lng trong ng:
Pw1
1 .w O2 1
=
2
(N/m2)
[I - 458]
Trong :
1: Khi lng ring dung dch trc khi gia nhit (kg/m3)
Nhit ca dung dch lc u: t = 20 oC
Khi lng ring ca Etylic v Nc (bng I-10) theo t:
H = 998 (kg/m3)
E = 780 (kg/m3)
Nng khi lng ca dung dch a = aF = 0,1225
Khi lng ring ca dung dch lc u l:
1
a 1 a1
0,1225 1 0,1225
1 = 1 +
=
+
= 966, 6334 (kg/m3)

998
H
789
E
wO1: Vn tc dung dch trong ng (m/s)
wO1 =
GF
1, 05
=
= 0,171 (m/s)
2
1.0, 785.dO 966, 6334.0, 785.0, 092
966, 6334.0,1712
Pw1 =
= 14,1327 (N/m2)
2
Tr lc ma st:
Pms1 =
L1
.Pw1
dO
(N/m2)
[I - 458]
Trong :
: H s ma st.
Nhit dung dch trong ng l: t = 20 oC
Theo ton xc nh nht theo nhit (I-102), ta c:
H = 1 (cP)
E = 1,19 (cP)
Nng dung dch: x = 0,174
lg(1) = x.lg(E) + (1- x).lg(H)

= 0,0518 . lg(1,19) + (1- 0,0518) . lg(1) = 3,9133.10-3
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1 = 1,009 (cP) = 1,009.10-3 (Ns/m2)
Re =
wO1.1.dO
0,171.966, 6334.0, 09
= 14743, 7939 > 104
3
1, 009.10
Ch chy xoy.
Xc nh theo cng thc:
6,81 0,9
= 2. lg
+
3,7
Re
[I - 464]
Vi loi ng thp khng g ta chn, theo bng I-466, ta c nhm tuyt i = 0,1
(mm)
nhm tng i:
= /dO = 0,1/90 = 1,11.10-3
[I - 464]
6,81 0, 9
= 2. lg
+
3,7
Re
0,9
6,81
1,11.10 3
= 2.lg
+
= 0, 0299
14734,
7939
3,
7
Pms1 = 0, 0299.
2
.14,1327 = 9,3904 (N/m 2 )
0, 09
Tr lc cc b:
Pcb1 = .Pw1
(N/m2)
Trong :
: H s tr lc cc b
Cc tr lc cc b trong ng gm:
- Tr lc ca vo t thng cao v vo ng: vi cnh nhn = 0,5
- Tr lc do t m t ng vo thit b gia nhit:
Thit b c ng knh d = 0,46 (m).
Tit din u thit b (chia 7 ngn) l:
0, 785.d 2 0, 785.0, 462

f1 =
=
= 0, 0237 (m2)
7
7
Tit din ng l:
fO = 0, 785.d O2 = 0, 785.0, 092 = 0, 0064 (m2)
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2
f 0, 0064
= 1 O = 1
= 0,5328
f
0,
0237
- Tr lc do van: Coi van m 50% = 2,1

- Tr lc do ng chuyn hng 2 ln vi gc chuyn l 90o = 1,1
Tr lc cc b:
[I - 479]
Pcb1 = (0,5 + 0,5328 + 2,1 + 2 . 1,1).14,1327 = 75,3669 (N/m2)
Pm1 = 9,3904 + 75,3669 = 84, 7573 (N/m2)

b. Tr lc trong ng dn t thit b gia nhit n thp:
P m2 = P ms2 + P cb2 +Pw (N/m2)
Trong :
S liu:
- Chiu di ng: L2 =0,5 (m)
- ng knh ng: dO = 0,09(m)
- Lu lng: GF = 1,05 (kg/s)
- Th nng vn tc ca cht lng trong ng:
Pw 2
2 .w 2O 2
=
2
(N/m2)
Trong :
2: Khi lng ring dung dch sau khi gia nhit (kg/m3):
2 = F = 725,785 (kg/m3)
0 : Vn tc dung dch trong ng(m/s)
wO 2 =
GF
1, 05
=
= 0, 2275
2
2 .0, 785.dO 725, 785.0, 785.0, 092
725, 785.0, 22752

Pw 2 =
= 18, 782 (N/m2)
2
Tr lc ma st:
Pms 2 =
L2
.Pw 2
dO
(N/m2)
Trong :
: H s ma st.
Nhit dung dch trong ng l: t = 83,7645 oC
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Theo ton xc nh nht theo nhit (I-102), ta c:

H = 0,3194 (cP)
E = 0,3789 (cP)
Nng dung dch: x = 0,0518
lg(2) = x.lg(E) + (1- x).lg(H)

= 0,0518 . lg(0,3789) + (1- 0,0518) . lg(0,3194) = - 0,49
2 = 0,3222 (cP) = 0,322.10-3 (Ns/m2)
Re =
wO 2 .2 .dO
0, 2275.725, 785.0, 09
= 46121,8122 > 104
3
0,3222.10
Ch chy xoy
- Xc nh h s ma st theo cng thc II-464:
6,81 0,9
1
= 2. lg
+
Re
3
,
7
6,81 0,9
= 2.lg
Re
3,
7
0,9
6,81
1,11.10 3
= 2.lg
+ 3, 7 = 0, 0221
46121,8122
Pms 2 = 0, 0221.
0,5
.18, 782 = 2,305 (N/m 2 )
0, 09
Tr lc cc b:
Pcb 2 = .Pw 2
(N/m2)
Trong :
: H s tr lc cc b.
- Tr lc do t thu t thit b gia nhit vo ng:
fO 0, 00785
=
= 0, 27 = 0, 401
0, 0237
f1
- Tr lc ca ra t ng vo thp: = 1,0
- Tr lc do ng chuyn hng vi gc chuyn l 90o = 1,1
Pcb 2 = (0, 401 + 1, 0 + 2,1 + 1,1).18, 782 = 86, 416 (N/m2)

Vy:
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Pm 2 = 2,306 + 86, 416 = 88, 722 (N/m2)

c. Tr lc trong thit b gia nhit:
P m3 = P ms3 + P cb3 +Pw3 + PH(N/m2)
Trong :
P ms3: Tr lc ma st (N/m2).
Th nng vn tc ca cht lng trong ng truyn nhit:
Pw =
.w 2
2
(N/m2)
Trong :
: Khi lng ring dung dch trong ng (kg/m3):
= 931,1057 (kg/m3)
w: Vn tc dung dch trong ng truyn nhit (m/s).
Thit b chia lm 7 ngn:
w = 7 . wTT = 7. 0,0283= 0,1981 (m/s)
931,1057.0,19812
Pw =
= 18, 27 (N/m2)
2
Tr lc ma st:
Pms 3 =
L
.Pw3
dO
(N/m2)
Trong :
L: Chiu di ng truyn nhit do chia7 ngn : L = 7 . 1,0 = 7,0 (m)
dO: ng knh ng truyn nhit (m) : dO = 0,02 (m)
: H s ma st
nht dung dch trong ng: = 0,3408 . 10-3 (N.s/m2)
Re =
w. .dO
0,1981.931,1057.0, 02
= 10824, 65 > 104
3
0,3408.10
Ch chy xoy
Xc nh theo cng thc II-464:
6,81 0,9
1
= 2. lg
+
3,7
Re
Vi loi ng thp khng g ta chn, theo bng I-466, ta c nhm tuyt i = 0,1
(mm)
nhm tng i:
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= /dO = 0,1/20 = 5.10-3
6,81 0,9
= 2.lg
Re
3,
7
6,81 0,9 5.10 3

= 2.lg
+ 3, 7 = 0, 0377
10824,
65
Pms 3 = 0,0374.
10,0
.48,44 = 905,828 (N/m 2 )
0,02
Tr lc cc b:
Pcb 3 = .Pw
(N/m2)
Trong :
: H s tr lc cc b.
Cc tr lc cc b trong thit b gia nhit gm:

- Tr lc do t thu t u thit b vo chm ng.
- Thit b c s ng truyn nhit nO = 127 chia lm7 ngn
- Tit din chm ng 1 ngn l:
0, 785.dO2 .nO 0, 785.0, 022.127

f2 =
=
= 0, 0006 (m2)
7
7
f 2 0, 0006
=
= 0, 0253 = 0, 4949
f1 0, 0237
- Tr lc do t m t chm ng ra u thit b:
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2
f
2
= 1 2 = (1 0, 0253) = 0,95
f1
- Tr lc do dng chuyn hng 10 ln vi gc chuyn l 900 = 1,1
Pcb 3 = (7.0, 4949 + 7.0,95 + 12 1,1).18, 27 = 425,9522 (N/m2)
Pm 3 = 241, 0727 + 425,9523 = 667, 025 (N/m2)

2. Tnh chiu cao ca thng cao v so vi a tip liu:
Vit phng trnh Becnuli cho hai mt ct 1-1 v 2-2 (ly 2-2 lm mt chun):
Z 1 g + P1 +
1 12
2
= P2 +
2 22
2
+ Pm
Trong :
P1, P2: p sut ti mt ct 1 v 2 (N/m2)
P1 = Pa = 9,81.104(N/m2)
P2 = P1 +PL=1866,516 + 9,81.104 (N/m2) =93666,5(N/m2)
w1: Vn tc dung dch ti mt ct 1 (m/s)
Coi w1 = 0 v tit din thng cao v rt ln so vi tit din ng.
w2: Vn tc dung dch ti mt ct 2: w2 = 0,2275 (m/s)
1: Khi lng ring dung dch trc khi gia nhit (kg/m3).
1 = 966,6334(kg/m3)
2 : Khi lng ring dung dch sau khi gia nhit (kg/m3).
2 = 725,785(kg/m3)
Pm :Tn tht p sut tr lc.
Pm = Pm1 + Pm2 + Pm3 = 84, 7573 + 88, 722 + 667, 025 = 840,50
P2
P1
w22
+ hm
Z = (
)+
2.g
2 .g 1.g
Hay: Z =
2
1
( P2 P1 ) + 2 2 + Pm
g 1
2
1
725, 785 0, 22752
Z=
1866,5 +
= 0,199
9,81 966, 6334
2
3. Tnh bm
Bm ly tm lm vic p sut thng, 200C th chiu cao ht ca bm l 5(m)[Bng
II.34a I.539]
Chiu cao y ca bm l:
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H0 = Z + H1 + H2
H1=HC+hday=0,5+0,5=1
H2=1
H0 = 1+1+0,199=2,199
(m)
(m)
(m)
(m)
4. p sut ton phn ca bm v nng sut bm.

a. Tr lc trong ng dn t b cha ln thng cao v.
P m0 = P ms0 + P cb0 (N/m2)
Trong :
S liu:
- Chiu di ng:
L0 = H0 + 0,2 = 8,7572 + 0,2 = 8,9572 (m)
- ng knh ng : dO = 0,1 (m)
- Lu lng : GB =0,8333 (kg/s)
Th nng vn tc ca cht lng trong ng:
Pw 0
1 .w 20
=
2
(N/m2)
Trong :
1: Khi lng ring dung dch trc khi gia nhit (kg/m3)
w0: Vn tc dung dch trong ng (m/s)
wO1 =
GF
1, 05
=
= 0,171 (m/s)
2
1.0, 785.dO 966, 6334.0, 785.0, 092
966, 6334.0,1712
Pw0 =
= 14,133 (N/m2)
2
Tr lc ma st:
Pms 0 =
L0
.Pw0
dO
(N/m2)
[II.55 I.458]
Trong :
: H s ma st.
Nhit dung dch trong ng l: t = 20 oC
nht dung dch trong ng:
0 = 1 = 1, 009 103 ( N m2 )
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Re =
wO1.1.dO
0,171.966, 6334.0, 09
= 14743, 794 > 104
3
1, 009.10
Ch chy xoy
Xc nh theo cng thc:
6,81 0,9
= 2. lg
+
Re
3,7
6,81 0,9
= 2.lg
Re
3,
7
[II.65 I.464]
2
6,81 0,9 1,11.103

= 2.lg
+ 3, 7 = 0, 0299
14743,
794
Pms 0 = 0, 0299.
2,5
.14,133 = 11, 738 (N/m 2 )
0, 09
Tr lc cc b:
Pcb 0 = .Pw 0
(N/m2)
Trong :
: H s tr lc cc b
- Tr lc do ng chuyn hng vi gc chuyn l 90o = 1,1
Pcb 0 = (2,1 + 1,1).14,133 = 45, 2256 (N/m2)
Pm 0 = 11, 7382 + 45, 2256 = 56,9638 (N/m2)

Chiu cao ct cht lng tng ng:
Hm =
P0
82,6632
=
= 0,0093(m)
.g 908,2.9,81
b. p sut ton phn ca bm:

PB = 1 g1 H 0 + Pmo
PB = 966, 6334 9,81 2,199 + 56,9638 = 20909, 4 N m 2
c. Nng sut bm:
N=
Q. .g .H
1000.
(KW)
Trong :
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Q: Lu lng th tch ca bm (m3/s)
Q=
GB
1, 05
= 1, 0862.103 (m3/s)
966, 6334
:Hiu sut ton phn ca bm.
Theo [I 439] = 0 tl ck ph thuc vo loi bm v nng sut, vi bm ly tm

chn = 0,85
Vy N b =
1, 0862.103 21867,1132
= 0, 279(kw)
1000.0,85
Chn bm c cng sut 0,3(kw) khi cng sut m t:

tr:hiu sut truyn ng trc tr=1
c: hiu sut truyn ng c c=0,85
N moto =
0, 279
= 0,328(kw)
1.0,85
Thng thng m bo an ton ngi ta chn ng c c cng sut ln hn cng

sut tnh ton lng d tr da vo kh nng qu ti ca bm.
t
N moto
= .N moto
[1-439]
Trong h s d tr cng sut v trong trng hp ny ta chn =2(do Nmt<1)

Do : Ntmt=2.0,328=0,656(kw)
Vy ta chn bm c cng sut 0,7 kw
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ti liu tham kho

I. B mn qu trnh thit b v cng ngh ho cht (Khoa Ho, trng i hc Bch
Khoa H Ni) S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ho cht, Tp I NXB
Khoa hc v k thut (1978).
II. B mn qu trnh thit b v cng ngh ho cht (Khoa Ho, trng i hc Bch
Khoa H Ni) S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ho cht, Tp II NXB
Khoa hc v k thut (1999).
III. C s cc qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ho hc(Trng i hc Bch Khoa H
Ni, Tp 2 - 2000)
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A.Tnh ton thit b chnh

p dng cng thc trn ta c:

Khi lng phn t hn hp u:

M F = 0,0442 46 + (1 0,0442 ) 18 = 19,2376

Lng hn hp u i vo thp tnh theo Kmol h

- Phng trnh cn bng vt liu:

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Lng sn phm nh:

GW = G F G P = 363,87 28,52 = 335,35

+ Phng trnh ng nng lm vic ca on luyn:

+Phng trnh ng nng lm vic ca on chng:

Theo cng thc ch s hi lu ti thiu ca thp chng luyn l:

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R = 1,55. 1,041 = 1,614

+ Phng trnh ng nng lm vic on luyn.

+ Phng trnh ng nng lm vic ca on chng.

II. ng knh ca thp:

gtb:lng hi trung bnh i trong thp (Kg/h)

1. Lu lng trung bnh cc dng pha i trong thp :

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r = 202,12 (kcal/kg) = 202,12.M A (kcal/kmol) = 9297,52 (kcal/kmol)

rA = 197,36 (kcal/kg) = 197,36.M A (kcal/kmol) = 9078,56 (kcal/kmol)

rB = 547,4 (kcal/kg) = 547,4.M B (kcal/kmol) = 9853,2 (kcal/kmol)

rl = rA . yl + rB (1 yl) = 9078,56 . yl + 9853,2 . (1 yl)

Lng hi trung bnh i trong on luyn :

Lng lng trung bnh i trong on luyn :

GW : Lng sn phm y (W) = 335,35(kmol/h)

g1, , nng hi y 1, , lng lng G1'

th nht ca on chng, nng lng

lng hi ra khi on chng

chnh l lng hi i vo on luyn g1 :

l nng cn bng ng vi xW , ni suy theo bng s liu

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Phng trnh cn bng vt liu :

Phng trnh cn bng vt liu vi cu t d bay hi (etylic) :

G1' x1' = g1' y1' + G W x W

Phng trnh cn bng nhit lng :

g1' r1' = g1r1

rl : n nhit ha hi ca hn hp hi ra khi on chng.

rA = 194,072 (kcal/kg) = 194,072.M A (kcal/kmol) = 8927,312 (kcal/kmol)

rB = 539,18 (kcal/kg) = 539,18.M B (kcal/kmol) = 9705,24 (kcal/kmol)

(1' ) G1' = g1' + GW = 77,922 + 335,35 = 413,272 (kmol/h)

g1 + g1' 74,35 + 77,922

Lng lng trung bnh i trong on chng :

G1 + G1' 45,83 + 413,272

2. Khi lng ring trung bnh.

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xtb2 : Khi lng ring trung bnh cu t 2 (kg/ m3)

Ni suy vi xtbL theo bng s liu nng to si dung dch (II-148) :

Ni suy vi xtbC theo bng s liu nng to si dung dch (II-148) :

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Khi lng ring ca Etylic v Nc theo t = ttbC :(I-9)

xC 1 = 720 ,08 (kg/m3) xC 2 = 961 , 42 (kg/m3)

b/ Khi lng ring trung bnh pha hi :

ydL + ycL 0,239 + 0,553

Khi lng mol trung bnh hi on luyn :

M yL = ytbL.M1+(1- ytbL).M2 = 0,396 . 46 + (1- 0,396).18

Nng pha hi cui on chng l : ycC = y1 = 0,239

ydC + ycC 0,61752 + 0,239