Dilbilgisi Aklamalar

RELATIVE CLAUSE 1. TANIM Relative Clause yap bir ad ve o ad niteleyip ada genelde who, which, that, where, .. gibi szcklerle balanan bir nitelikten oluur: The ring that/which was stolen has finally been found. Trkede bu tr bir yap, ngilizcenin aksine, nce nitelik, sonra da nitelenen ad eklinde yaplmaktadr: alnan yzk sonunda bulundu. Nitelik Ad Bu rnekten de anlalaca gibi, eviri yaparken nitelik ile adn yerlerini deitirmek gerekmektedir. Trkede ayrca ykleme "-En" ya da "-DII" eklenir. 2. DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSE 2.1. who/which/that Nesne adlar iin which ya da that kullanlr. Tom didn't like the computer which they recommended. Tom, nerdikleri bilgisayar beenmedi. Kii adlar iin ise who ya da that kullanlr. The man who killed the leader is being questioned.

Peter does not know the name of the man ..... borrowed his bicycle yesterday. A. whose B. which C. whom D. who E. of whom Balayan szcn (who, which, ..) hemen arkasndan bir yklem gelmesi durumunda balayan szcn kullanlmas zorunludur. The car which was parked there was towed away.

Balayan szcn (who, which, ..) hemen arkasndan bir yklem gelmemesi durumunda (ad + [who/which/..] + ad/adl) balayan szcn kullanlmas zorunlu deildir. The man my sister loves is an engineer. Ad + Ad

ngilizcede kimi yklemler ve sfatlar bir preposition ile birlikte kullanlrlar (look at, listen to gibi). Bir Relative Clause yapda bu trden bir preposition olmas durumunda yklem ya da sfata ait preposition who / which szcnn hemen nne alnabilir. He didn't tell me who he shouted at. He didn't tell me at whom he shouted.

The game ..... I am interested is called water-polo. A. in which B. with which C. which D. whose E. that Bu yapda prepositiondan sonra kesinlikle that kullanlamaz. Who yerine de whom kullanlr. All that ... yapsnda "-En/DII herey" anlam vardr. Dikkat edilmesi gereken nokta, kimi zaman iki yklemin birbiri ardna gelmesidir. All (that) I own is yours.

I will give you all you want.

None /All / .. (of) those / the people /.. .. who /whom /.. yaps "-EnlErIn tm / hepsi / .." anlamn tar. All those who want a ticket should go to the entrance

anything / nothing /.. to + yklem yaps aslnda anything / nothing /.. which someone can / will / .. + yklem yapsdr.

I can't find anything to say. (= anything I can say.)

Relative Clause yaplarda what szc de - the thing which anlamnda - kullanlabilir. The gained first position in what is the most important competition of the year.

The man ..... wife died a year ago is in a hopeless mood. A. who B. that C. of whom D. which E. whose 2.2. Ving clause Bu tr tmceler who/which ile yaplan tmcenin bir tr ksaltmas niteliindedir. rnein, I like the girl (who is) studying over there.

Bu yapda genelde ykleme continuous anlam yklenir. Bu nedenle de, rnein, * The boy bringing the milk has been sick in bed for some time, tmcesi yanltr. Buradaki mantkszlk, olann hem st getiriyor olmas (The boy [who is ] bringing) hem de bir sredir hasta yatyor olmasdr. Bu tmce, The boy who brings the milk has been ill for some time,

eklinde dzeltilebilir. People ..... in flats above the second floor complain about water problem. A. live B. lived C. living D. have lived E. have to live 2.3. Past Participle (=V3) Clause Bu yapda ad izleyen ve past participle durumda kullanlan yklem, edilgen (= passive) zellik tamaktadr. The purse (which was) lost has not been found yet.

Soldiers ..... at the battlefield were all taken to the nearest hospital tent. A. to wound B. wounded C. wounding D. who wounded E. whose wound 2.4. Prepositional Phrases .. the man who is waiting over there. .. the man waiting over there. ...the man over there. Bu yap eviri asndan bir sorun oluturmaz. 2.5. Cleft Tmce Tmcenin belirli bir parasn vurgulamak gerektii zaman, Trkede vurgulanacak blm ykleme yaklatrlmaktadr. ngilizcede bunun yaz dilinde yolu vurgulanacak blmn altn izmek ya da o blm yatk harflerle yazmak, ya da baz yaplar iin devrik yap kullanmak; konuma dilinde ise sesin ykselmesi ile vurguyu belli etmektir. Relative Clause zellii tayan cleft tmce, vurguyu salamann bir dier yoludur. ki tr cleft tmceden sz edilebilir. a) It is/was/.. who/that My mother threw an egg at the President yesterday. It was my mother who threw an egg at the President yesterday.

It was an egg that my mother threw at the President yesterday.

It was at the President that my mother threw an egg yesterday.

It was yesterday that my mother threw an egg at the President.

b) What ... is / was What my mother threw at the President was an egg.

My left leg hurts. What hurts is my left leg.

I like her charm. What I like in her is her charm.

3. NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSE Bu yapda kesinlikle that kullanlmaz. Tamlayan blm bir tr fazladan bilgi verir konumdadr ve bu yzden de ana tmceden virgl yolu ile ayrlmaktadr. Non-defining relative clause bu zelliinden tr Extra Information Clause olarak da tannr. 3.1. , who(m) / which John, whom you know well, is totaly crazy tmcesinde whom you know well blm, ayn Defining Relative Clause yaplarda olduu gibi, kendisinden nce gelen ad nitelendirmektedir. Bu nedenle, eviri esnasnda aradaki virglleri yok saymak yeterli olacaktr. John whom you know well is totally crazy.

The doctor, who was rather disappointed with the operation results, didn't know what to tell the patient's relatives. A. Doktor hasta yaknlarna ameliyat sonularndan hayal krklna uradn ve ne syleyeceini bilemediini syledi. B. Ameliyat sonularndan tr hayal krklna urayan doktor, hasta yaknlarna ne syleyeceini bilemedi. C. Doktor ameliyat sonularnn kendisini hayal krklna urattn syleyince, hasta yaknlar ne diyeceklerini bilemediler. D. Doktor olduka hayal krc ameliyat sonular karsnda hasta yaknlarna ne diyeceini bilemedi. E. Doktor, ameliyat sonular karsnda hayal krklna urayan hasta yaknlarna ne syleyeceini bilemedi. I liked your neighbours, ..... I met at your New Year party. A. that B. when C. where

D. which E. whom Aristotle, ..... natural science dominated the western thought for centuries, was a Greek philosopher. A. that B. which C. of whom D. who E. whose 3.2. , where / when Who, which ve that yerine where ve when szcklerini kullanmak da mmkndr. Bu yap defining relative clause iin de geerlidir. Edinburgh, where I was born, is a beautiful city.

Where / when szcklerinin defining ve non-defining relative clause iinde kullanm:

when / where + tmce when / where = preposition + which

I'll have to go back to the place ..... I probably dropped my keys. A. that B. when C. where D. which E. whom 3.3. all / none / both / .. of whom / which He has three sisters, all of whom are students. tmcesi ayn bir Defining Relative Clause gibi ele alnabilir ve bu ekilde Trkeye aktarlabilir. Ancak, en iyisi virglden sonra gelen blm ayr bir tmce halinde aktarmaktr. kzkardei var; de renci. Bir baka rnek bunun nedenini daha iyi aklayacaktr. Tim invested all his money on four companies, three of which went bankrupt in a year. tmcesi tek bir tmce halinde Trkeye aktarldnda ortaya kan * Tim btn parasn bir sene iinde iflas eden drt irkete yatrd,

tmcesi hatal bir anlam aktaryor olacaktr, zira, bu durumda Tim zaten iflas etmi drt irkete parasn yatrm olmaktadr. Oysa virglden sonra gelen blm ayr olarak aktarlrsa, Tim parasn drt irkete yatrd; bunlardan bir sene iinde iflas etti tmcesi ile anlam tam ve doru olarak aktarlm olmaktadr. Kurt Vonnegut, one of ..... books I had translated, wrote his best novels during the 80's. A. his B. those C. which D. whom E. whose 3.4. Sentential Relative Clause Sentential Relative Clause dier relative clause yaplardan farkl bir zellik tamaktadr. Bu nedenle de eviri esnasnda byk dikkat gsterilmesi gerekir. Defining ve non-defining yaplarda ortak olan nokta tamlayan blmn kendisinden nce gelen ad nitelendirmesidir. Sentential Relative Clause yapda ise tamlanan virglden nceki tmcenin tmdr. He died young, which was a pity.

Around 40,000 people bought tickets for the stadium concert, which was more than was expected.

The rain has finally stopped, ..... is to say that we can go out now. A. that B. which C. what D. this E. for which