Thermal properties of solids: The heat capacity Heat capacity is a measurable physical quantity that

characterizes the ability of a body to store heat as it changes in temperature. It is defined as the rate of change of temperature as heat is added to a body at the given conditions and state of the body. In the International System of Units, heat capacity is expressed in units of joules per kelvin. Heat capacity at constant volume At room temp. nearly all the solids have the same heat capacity CV, close to 3NAkB or 25 JK-1mol-1
Behavior at low temperatures of the heat capacity of diamond Molar heat capacity in JK-1

Experiments find T3 behavior

SS 09 - 20 140: Experimentalphysik IV K. Franke & J.I. Pascual Lattice vibrations

Thermal properties of solids: The Einstein model

Then
SS 09 - 20 140: Experimentalphysik IV K. Franke & J.I. Pascual

Does not reproduce properly the behavior at very low temperatures

Lattice vibrations

Thermal properties of solids: The Debye model

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k The problem then lies in calculating the mean thermal energy of a set of oscillator with a frequency given by the dispersion relation 4.38.

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TOTAL ENERGY

D
Energy per phonon Number of X phonons per X frequency d

SS 09 - 20 140: Experimentalphysik IV K. Franke & J.I. Pascual

Lattice vibrations

Thermal properties of solids: The Debye model

Number of phonons per frequency

Including the dispersion relation

SS 09 - 20 140: Experimentalphysik IV K. Franke & J.I. Pascual

Lattice vibrations

Thermal properties of solids: The Debye model

TOTAL = ENERGY

D
Energy per phonon Number of X phonons per X d frequency

High T

Right behavior at low temperatures

Low T
SS 09 - 20 140: Experimentalphysik IV K. Franke & J.I. Pascual

Lattice vibrations

Das Debye-Modell der spezifischen Wrme

Phononen-Zustandsdichte eines realen Festkrpers und die Debye-Nherung.

SS 09 - 20 140: Experimentalphysik IV Petra Tegeder Pascual Experimentalphysik IV; SoSe2008; K. Franke & J.I.

Lattice vibrations

Debye-Modell

Beispiele:

Molare Wrmekapazitt von festem Argon geplottet gegen T3. Das experimentelle Ergebnis stimmt sehr gut mit dem Debyeschen T3-Gesetz berein.

SS 09 - 20 140: Experimentalphysik IV Petra Tegeder Pascual Experimentalphysik IV; SoSe2008; K. Franke & J.I.

Lattice vibrations

Summary of models describing the Heat Capacity of a crystal

Dulong-Petit: Classic approach treating atoms in a lattice as independent particles Einstein: Quantum model treating the lattice as a set of independent Quantum harmonic oscillators Debye: Quantum model treating the lattice as a set of coupled Quantum harmonic oscillators. Considers then the lattice of N atoms as a set of N phonons with a quadratic density of phonon states by assuming a linear dispersion relation, which is only a good approximation at low temperatures.

SS 09 - 20 140: Experimentalphysik IV K. Franke & J.I. Pascual

Lattice vibrations