TIU CHUN VIT NAM TCVN 5104:1990

(ST SEV 5216 - 85) SN PHM THC PHM V GIA V Cc phng php xc nh kh nng th nm ca ngi cm quan Food and spice product The method for determination of taste ability Tiu chun ny quy nh phng php tin hnh th nghim xc nh nhy cm ca th gic, khu gic v v gic ca ngi cm quan, da vo kt qu th nghim chn thnh vin ca cm quan v chuyn gia th nm. Tiu chun ny ph hp vi ST SEV 5216-85. 1. PHNG PHP XC NH NHY CM CA TH GIC 1.1. Ni dung Kim tra kh nng ca ngi cm quan nhn bit ng mu sc v phn bit dung dch mu theo cng mu tng dn. 1.2. Dng c v thuc th 1 - Cn c gii hn cn ln nht l 200g v sai s khng ln hn 0,001g. 2 - Azorubin 3 - Crizoin S. 4 - Thuc nhum mu xanh 5 - Bnh nh mc dung tch 100 ml 6 - ng nghim dung tch 20 - 30 ml hoc bnh nt bng thy tinh khng mu, dung tch bng nhau. 7 - Gi t ng nghim 8 - Pipet dung tch 1,0; 2,0; 10,0; 20,0 ml. 1.3. Chun b th 1.3.1. Chun b dung dch gc Cn mt lng mu khi lng theo bng 1, cho vo bnh nh mc dung tch 100 ml, thm nc ct n vch. Cc dung dch gc ng trong bnh thy tinh kn bo qun trong ch ti khng qu 3 thng. Bng 1. Mu ca dung dch gc Mu Mu vng Mu xanh 1.3.2. Chun b dung dch kim tra Dung dch kim tra chun b t dung dch gc theo iu 1.3.1 dng pipet ly mt lng dung dch gc (theo bng 2) cho vo bnh nh mc dung tch 100 ml ri thm nc ct vo n vch. Dung dch kim tra ng trong bnh thy tinh kn, bo qun ch ti khng qu 5 ngy. Cht mu Azorubin Crizoin Cht nhum mu xanh Khi lng mu cn (g) 0,2 0,2 0,2

Ch thch: Cho php s dng cc cht mu khc cho mu , vng, xanh.

Bng 2 Th tch dung dch gc (ml) 2,2 2,8 3,3 4,0 5,5 7,0 8,8 11,6 13,6 17,0 1.4. Tin hnh th 1.4.1. Cho cc dung dch kim tra vo 30 ng nghim hoc bnh thy tinh ging nhau (mi mu dng 10 bnh) c dy v ng knh trong nh nhau. M ha cc ng nghim, sp xp ty vo 3 gi ri t trc phng nn mu trng ti mi bn lm vic. 1.4.2. Ngi cm quan cn xc nh cc mu dung dch theo tng mu v di nh sng t nhin sp xp mu theo nng mu m dn. Ghi vo phiu s 1 m s ca cc mu theo th t trn. S 1: mu c cng mu thp nht S 2: mu c cng mu m hn mu s 1 S 3: tip theo (Mu ca cc bng s xem ph lc 1). 1.4.3. Nhng ngi cm quan sai lm trong ln th nghim lp li s khng c cng nhn thnh vin Hi ng cm quan. 1.5. Da vo kt qu th nghim chn ngi cm quan. 2. PHNG PHP XC NH NHY CM CA KHU GIC 2.1. Ni dung: Kim tra kh nng nhn bit ng mi cc cht thm. 2.2. Dng c v thuc th 1 - Bnh thy tinh sm mu vi nt mi, dung tch 50 n 100 ml. 2 - Bng v trng 3 - Nc ct 4 - Pipet nh mc dung tch 5 ml v 10 ml 5 - Etanola 6 - Amonhydroxit 7 - Benzeldehyt 8 - n - Axit butyric 9 - Diaxetyl 10 - Axit axetic Nng cht mu trong dung dch (g/l) 0,044 0,052 0,066 0,080 0,110 0,140 0,176 0,232 0,272 0,340

11 - Izomalaxetat 12 - Camfora 13 - Phenol 14 - Vanilin 15 - Axetaldehyt 16 - Etylaxetat 2.3. Chun b th kim tra nhy cm ca khu gic cn chun b 10 mu c mi khc nhau (nh mi tht, sa, bnh, ko, ru, bia nh gi). Cho php dng cc dung dch ca cc cht cho mi thm khc (xem ph lc 2). 2.4. Tin hnh th 2.4.1. Cho cc cht hoc sn phm c mi c trng (gia v, thc n xng khi, dm, cht st trng) vo 10 bnh thy tinh sch, sm mu, ri nt kn bng bng v trng. Cc mu thu nhn c c cng mi khc nhau. 2.4.2. Tin hnh th nghim qua 2 giai on 2.4.2.1. Giai on 1: Ngi cm quan ngi mu vi ln xc nh loi mi, gi tn v ghi kt qu vo phiu s 2. 2.4.2.2. Giai on 2: Tin hnh sau t nht l 6 gi. Ngi cm quan ty chn t 9 n 10 mu cc cht mi c cc m s khc. Gi tn tng cht mi, ghi kt qu vo phiu s 2. 2.5. Da vo kt qu th nghim chn ngi cm quan. 3. PHNG PHP XC NH NHY CM V V GIC 3.1. Xc nh kh nng phn bit cc loi v c bn 3.1.1. Ni dung: Kim tra kh nng nhn bit ng cc v c bn nh ngt, mn, chua, ng. 3.1.2. Dng c v thuc th 1 - Cn phn tch c gii hn ln nht l 200g v sai s khng ln hn 0,0002g 2 - Bnh nh mc vi cc dung tch 50, 100, 500 v 1000 ml. 3 - Pipet c chia 0,1 ml 4 - Bnh thy tinh dung tch 50 - 100 ml 5 - Nhit k 6 - ng ong nh mc 7- Tha bng thp khng r, dung tch 5 - 10 ml 8 - Phn lc 9 - Saccaroza 10 - Natriclorua 11 - Axit xitric, dng tinh th monohydrat 12 - Axittactric dng tinh th monohydrat 13 - Cafein dng tinh th, monohydrat 14 - Quinin hydroclorua, dihydrat 15 - Nc ung khng mi, khng v c chun b nh sau:

un si 1.000 ml nc ung ly t thng trng men c ng knh ln hn 15 cm, trong 15 pht. Sau khi lm ngui cn lc li nc bng giy thm (khng lm nh hng n mi v v ca nc). Thi gian bo qun 1 n 2 ngy. Trong th nghim ch s dng thuc th chuyn dng (loi tinh khit phn tch). 3.1.3. Chun b th 3.1.3.1. Chun b dung dch gc ca cc cht c v. Cn mu khi lng theo bng 3, cho mu vo bnh nh mc dung tch 1.000 ml, nc chun b vo cho n vch. Dung dch gc bo qun trong bnh thy tinh kn khng qu 5 ngy nhit 8 30C. Khng cho php dng dung dch b vn c. Bng 3 Loi v Ngt Mn Chua ng Saccaroza Natriclorua Axit xitric hoc Axit tactric Cafin hoc Quinin hidroclorua 3.1.3.2. Chun b dung dch kim tra Dung dch kim tra dng xc nh kh nng phn bit cc loi v c bn c chun b t dung dch gc. Dng Pipet hoc bnh nh mc ly mt lng dung dch gc bng 4 cho vo bnh nh mc dung tch 1.000 ml ri nc chun b vo cho n vch. Dung dch kim tra ng trong cc bnh thy tinh kn bo qun khng qu 5 ngy trong t lnh nhit 8 30C. Khng cho php dng dung dch b c. Bng 4 Loi v Cht gy v Th tch dung dch gc (ml) 80,0 100,0 25,00 50,0 100,0 50,0 Nng cht gy v trong dung dch kim tra (g/lt) 8,00 2,00 0,25 0,50 0,10 0,005 Cht gy v Khi lng mu (g) 100,0 20,0 10,0 1,0 0,1

Ngt Mn Chua ng 3.1.4. Tin hnh th

Saccaroza Natriclorua Axit xitric hay Axit tactric Cafin hoc Quinin hidroclorua

3.1.4.1. Mi bnh rt khong 30 ml dung dch kim tra c chun b theo iu 3.1.3.2, rt vo 9 bnh thy tinh nh nhau, cn 1 bnh th cho nc chun b. S lng mu ca mi loi v ty chn (t 1 n 3). M ha cc bnh v giao cho ngi cm quan tt c 9 bnh cng vi khong 100 ml nc ct chun b. Tt c cc mu c nhit 20 20C. 3.1.4.2. Mi ngi cm quan nm khong 10 ml dung dch ca mt trong nhng mu trn, xc nh loi v: ngt, mn, chua, ng hay trung tnh. Kt qu ghi vo phiu s 3. Cho php th nghim li trong khong thi gian khng t hn 30 pht.

3.1.5. Da vo kt qu th nghim chn ngi cm quan. 3.2. Xc nh ngng cm gic ca cc cht c v. 3.2.1. Ni dung Kim tra kh nng ca ngi cm quan nhn bit mt cch chnh xc cc v c bn: ngt, mn, chua, ng qua vic xc nh nng thp nht ca cc cht gy v. 3.2.2. Dng c v thuc th Dng c v thuc th theo iu 3.1.2. 3.2.3. Chun b th Dung dch kim tra dng xc nh ngng cm gic ca v ngt, mn, chua, ng chun b t cc dung dch gc theo iu 3.1.3.1. Dng Pipet hay ng ong nh mc ly mt lng dung dch gc (theo bng 5) cho vo bnh nh mc dung tch 500 ml nc chun b cho n vch. Dung dch kim tra ng trong bnh thy tinh kn, bo qun khng qu 3 ngy. Khng cho php dng dung dch b vn c. 3.2.4. Tin hnh th 3.2.4.1. Cho 30 ml dung dch kim tra chun b theo mc 3.2.3 vo 10 bnh thy tinh c nh s. C th cho vo 1 hoc 2 bnh u (khng s dng dung dch kim tra bnh 10 hoc bnh 9 v 10). Ngi cm quan nhn c 10 bnh mu ca 1 loi v v 100 ml nc chun b. Tt c cc mu phi c nhit 20 20C. 3.2.4.2. Ngi cm quan nm cc mu theo th t nh s bt u t s 1 ghi vo phiu s 4 s hiu m ngi cm quan nhn bit v xc nh c v u tin. Cho php th nghim li trong khong thi gian khng t hn 30 pht. 3.2.5. Da vo kt qu th nghim chn ngi cm quan.

Bng 5 Ngt Saccaroza S th t Th tch dung dch gc ml 7,5 10,0 12,5 15,0 17,5 20,0 22,5 25,0 27,5 30,0 Nng ca cht trong dung dch g/lt 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0 4,5 5,0 5,5 6,0 Mn Natriclorua Th tch dung dch gc ml 10,0 20,0 30,0 40,0 50,0 60,0 70,0 80,0 90,0 100,0 Nng ca cht trong dung dch g/lt 0,20 0,40 0,60 0,80 1,00 1,20 1,40 1,60 1,80 2,00 Axit xitric Th tch dung dch gc ml 5,0 6,0 7,0 8,0 9,0 10,0 11,0 12,0 13,0 14,0 Nng ca cht trong dung dch g/lt 0,10 0,12 0,14 0,16 0,18 0,20 0,22 0,24 0,26 0,28 Chua Axit tactric Th tch dung dch gc ml 2,0 3,0 4,0 5,0 6,0 7,0 8,0 9,0 10,0 11,0 Nng ca cht trong dung dch g/lt 0,04 0,06 0,08 0,10 0,12 0,14 0,16 0,18 0,20 0,22 Cafin Th tch dung dch gc ml 5,0 7,5 10,0 12,5 15,0 17,5 20,0 22,5 25,0 27,5 Nng ca cht trong dung dch g/lt 0,010 0,015 0,020 0,025 0,030 0,035 0,040 0,045 0,050 0,055 ng Quinin hydroclorua Th tch dung dch gc ml 2,5 5,0 7,5 10,0 12,5 15,0 17,5 20,5 22,5 25,0 Nng ca cht trong dung dch g/lt 0,0005 0,0010 0,0015 0,0020 0,0025 0,0030 0,0035 0,0040 0,0045 0,0050

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

3.3. Xc nh kh nng phn bit gii hn v v 3.3.1. Phng php so snh cp i 3.3.1.1. Ni dung: Kh nng phn tch ca ngi cm quan v s khc nhau rt nh v nng ca cc cht gy v bng cch so snh cc cp i. 3.3.1.2. Dng c v thuc th: Dng c v thuc th chun b theo iu 3.1.2. 3.3.1.3. Chun b th: Dung dch kim tra dng xc nh kh nng phn bit v v c chun b t dung dch gc theo iu 3.1.3.1. Dng pipt hay ng ong hnh tr ly mt lng dung dch gc tng ng vi bng 6 cho vo bnh nh mc dung tch 1000 ml v thm nc chun b vo cho n vch. Dung dch kim tra c bo qun trong bnh thy tinh kn khng qu 5 ngy. Khng cho php dng dung dch b vn c. Bng 6 Dung dch A Loi v Cht gy v Th tch dung dch gc ml 50,0 80,0 30,0 30,0 100 100 Nng ca cht gy v trong dung dch g/lt 5,0 1,6 0,30 0,30 0,10 0,01 Dung dch B Th tch dung dch gc ml 75 100 40,0 40,0 200 200 Nng ca cht gy v trong dung dch g/lt 7,5 2,0 0,40 0,40 0,20 0,20

Ngt Mn Chua ng

Saccaroza Natriclorua Axit xitric hay Axit tactric Cafin hay Quinin hidroclorua

3.3.1.4. Tin hnh th Cho khong 30 ml dung dch kim tra chun b theo iu 3.3.1.3 ca mi loi v vo 12 bnh thy tinh ging nhau chia theo 6 mu dung dch A v 6 mu dung dch B. M ha cc bnh v ghp chng theo tng cp i AB, BA v t trn mi bn lm vic 6 cp mu theo trnh t ty . Tt c cc mu c nhit 20 20C. Giao cho mi ngi cm quan 6 cp i mu dung dch ca mt loi v. Trong mi cp ngi cm quan cn xc nh c mu c nng v cao hn. Kt qu ghi vo phiu s 5. Cho php th nghim li trong khong thi gian khng t hn 30 pht. 3.3.1.5. Da vo kt qu th nghim chn ngi cm quan. 3.3.2. Phng php dio-trio (hai - ba) 3.3.2.1. Ni dung Phng php ny dng xc nh kh nng ca ngi cm quan nhn bit s khc bit rt nh v nng ca cc cht c v bng cch so snh 2 mu vi mu kim tra. 3.3.2.2. Dng c v thuc th: Dng c v thuc th chun b theo iu 3.1.2. 3.3.2.3. Chun b th: Chun b th theo iu 3.3.1.3. 3.3.2.4. Tin hnh th 3.3.2.4.1. Cho 30 ml dung dch kim tra c chun b theo mc 3.3.1.3 vo 12 bnh thy tinh ging nhau - 6 mu A v 6 mu B. M ha cc bnh v ghp chng vi nhau theo tng cp AB.

BA. Chun b mt mu C, tng ng vi dung dch kim tra A, hoc dung dch kim tra B. Tt c cc mu phi c nhit 20 20C. 3.3.2.4.2. Mi ngi cm quan c nhn 6 cp mu ca mt loi v v mt mu C. Cn xc nh trong mi cp, mu no ging mu C. Kt qu th nghim ghi vo phiu s 6. Cho php tin hnh th nghim li trong khong thi gian khng t hn 30 pht. 3.3.2.5. Da vo kt qu th nghim chn ngi cm quan. 3.3.3. Phng php tam gic 3.3.3.1. Ni dung: Phng php ny dng xc nh kh nng ca ngi cm quan nhn bit s khc bit rt nh v nng ca cc cht c v bng cch so snh ba mu. 3.3.3.2. Dng c v thuc th: Dng c v thuc th chun b theo iu 3.1.3. 3.3.3.3. Chun b theo iu 3.3.1.3. 3.3.3.4. Tin hnh th 3.3.3.4.1. Cho 30 ml dung dch kim tra A v B chun b theo mc 3.3.1.3 vo 11 bnh thy tinh bng nhau. M ha cc bnh v ghp chng vo tng b AAB; BAB; BAA ngha l sao cho mi b c mt t dung dch kim tra A, hoc mi mu t dung dch kim tra B v 2 mu t dung dch kim tra A. Tt c cc mu phi c nhit 20 20C. 3.3.3.4.2. Mi ngi cm quan nhn ba b bnh ca mt loi v. Trong mi b cn phn bit c mu c nng dung dch khc vi hai mu kia v ch s nng cao hay thp hn. Kt qu ghi vo phiu s 7. Cho php th nghim li trong khong thi gian khng t hn 30 pht. 3.3.3.5. Da vo kt qu th nghim chn ngi cm quan. Ph lc 1 PHIU S 1 Kim tra kh nng nhn bit ng mu sc v xc nh s khc bit v cng ca mu Ngy H, tn Thi gian Nhim v: Phn chia mu dung dch ca cc cht theo mu sp xp chng theo th t cng mu m dn S 1 - Mu c cng mu thp nht S 2 - Tip theo . Trong bng ch m s ca cc mu Th t mu theo cng m dn M s ca mu Mu Mu vng Mu xanh

Kt lun ca ngi t chc th nghim

PHIU S 2 Kim tra kh nng phn bit mi thm Ngy, thng H v tn Nhim v: Ngi cc mu v gi tn mi M s ca mu Tn cc cht c mi hoc loi mi Nhn xt ca ngi th nghim Thi gian

Kt lun ca ngi th nghim: PHIU S 3 Kim tra kh nng nhn bit cc v c bn Ngy, thng H v tn Loi v Ngt Mn Chua ng Trung tnh Kt lun ca ngi t chc th nghim: PHIU S 4 Xc nh ngng cm gic ca v c bn Ngy, thng H v tn Thi gian Nhim v: Nu mu dung dch ca cc cht c v theo th t s 1, 2, 3 v nh du vo bng khi s hiu ca mu m anh (ch) nhn bit c loi v ca n u tin (ngt, mn, chua, ng) S hiu mu Loi v Nhn xt v kt lun ca ngi t chc th nghim: PHIU S 5 Kim tra kh nng nhn bit s khc bit v nng ca cc cht c v bng phng php so snh cp i 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Thi gian M s mu Nhn xt ca ngi t chc v th nghim Nhim v: Th nm cc dung dch ca cc cht c v, xc nh v, ghi m s mu vo bng

Ngy, thng: H v tn: Thi gian Nhim v: C 6 cp mu dung dch ca cc cht c v, vi hai nng khc nhau. Gi tn v, so snh mu ca tng cp v ch ra mu no c nng cao hn. nh du mu y bng vng trn trong bng. Loi v: M s ca mu: Nhn xt ca ngi t chc th nghim: Kt lun ca ngi t chc th nghim: PHIU S 6 Kim tra kh nng nhn bit s khc nhau v nng ca dung dch cc cht c v bng phng php dio - trio (hai - ba) Ngy, thng: H v tn: Thi gian Nhim v: C 6 cp mu dung dch ca cht c v vi hai nng khc nhau v mt mu C ca v nhng c nng tng ng vi mt trong hai nng trn. Gi tn v, so snh cc mu ca trong mt cp vi mu C v ch r mu no ging (tng ng) vi mu C. nh du vo bng bng vng trn. Loi v: M s mu: Nhn xt ca ngi t chc th: Kt lun ca ngi t chc th nghim: PHIU S 7 Kim tra kh nng nhn bit s khc bit v nng ca dung dch cc cht c v bng phng php tam gic Ngy, thng: H v tn: Thi gian Bi tp: C ba b ba mu dung dch ca cc cht c v vi 2 nng khc nhau, trong mi b c 2 mu nng nh nhau v 1 mu nng khc. Gi tn v, so snh cc mu trong mi b, xc nh mu no khc vi hai mu kia v nng . nh du s hiu mu bng vng trn. Ch r nng ca mu cao hn hay thp hn hai mu kia. (+ + - cao hn, + thp hn -). Nng cao hn hai mu kia ++, nng thp hn + Loi v: M s mu: Nng dung dch ca mu tm ra cao hn hay thp hn so vi mu bit Nhn xt ca ngi t chc kim nghim Kt lun ca ngi t chc th nghim:

Ph lc 2 Chun b dung dch kim tra t cc cht ch dn trong bng. Dng pipet (hoc cn) ly mt lng cn thit cht (theo bng di y) cho vo bnh nh mc dung tch 100ml. Sau cho dung dch ch dn vo bnh cho n vch. Danh mc v nng cc cht thm. Cht thm Cn Etanola, dung dch 35% Hydroxit Amon 25% Benjaldehyd n - Axit butyric Diaxetyl Axit Axetic Ijomelaxetat Camfoza Fnol Vanilin Etyl axetat Axetaldehyt S lng 100 ml 4 ml 1g 10 ml 0,01 ml 0,8 ml 10 ml 3g 10 g 10 g 0,01 g 0,01 g Nc ct Cn Etanola, dung dch 50% Nc ct Nc ct Nc ct Cn Etanola, dung dch 10% Cn Etanola, dung dch 3% Cn Etanola, dung dch 10% Cn Etanola, dung dch 10% Nc ct Nc ct Dung dch ha tan