TIU CHUN VIT NAM TCVN 4833 - 1 : 2002

THT V SN PHM THT - LY MU V CHUN B MU TH - PHN 1: LY MU Meat and meat products - Sampling and preparation of test samples - Part 1: Sampling Li ni u TCVN 4833 - 1 2 : 2002 thay th TCVN 4833 : 1993; TCVN 4833 - 1 : 2002 hon ton tng ng vi ISO 3100 - 1 : 1991; TCVN 4833 - 1 : 2002 do Ban K thut tiu chun TCVN/TC/F 8 Tht v sn phm tht bin son, Tng cc Tiu chun o lng Cht lng ngh, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh ban hnh. 1. Phm vi p dng 1.1. Tiu chun ny a ra cc hng dn chung v quy nh quy trnh ly mu ban u ca tht v sn phm tht. 1.2. im khc nhau gia cc quy trnh ly mu i vi cc loi sn phm nh sau: a) Chuyn hng hoc cc l tht, hoc cc sn phm tht c ch bin, hoc c ng thnh cc n v ring l vi cc loi c (th d xc xch, tht xay c ng bao bng chn khng, xc xch thi mng, dm bng ng hp) hoc tht ming c khi lng khng qu 2 kg. b) Thn tht, tht ming hoc tht mui c khi lng trn 2 kg (th d thn tht mui xng khi, sn tht ln mui xng khi, tht ti v tht ng lnh c xng v khng xng, sn hoc thn tht b. Sn tht ln, thn tht ca cu non, tht hu), v tht c tch bng phng php c hc hoc tht kh. 1.3. C v gi tr thng mi ca cc sn phm tht nh trn c th cn phi ly mu th cp, ch s dng mt phn ca mu ban u, t mc ch ca vic ly mu. 1.4. Nhn chung quy trnh ly mu ny l dng cho mc ch thng mi. Trong cc trng hp c bit, th d nh gim st thc phm, th c th cn phi theo cc quy trnh khc. 2. Tiu chun vin dn ISO 7002 : 1986, Agricultural food products - Layout for a standard method of sampling from a lot (Nng sn thc phm - trnh by phng php chun ly mu t l hng). 3. nh ngha Trong tiu chun ny p dng nh ngha nu trong ISO 7002. 4. Th tc 4.1. Ngi ly mu Vic ly mu phi do ngi ly mu c cc bn c lin quan y quyn v c o to ng theo k thut thch hp. Ngi phi lm vic c lp v khng chp nhn s can thip ca bn th ba. Ngi ly mu c th c ngi khc gip nhng ngi ly mu phi chu trch nhim chnh. Ngi ly mu v ngi tr gip c cc bin php thch hp trnh lm nhim bn c chuyn hng (hoc l hng) v n v mu (th d, ra tay trc khi x l vt liu cn ly mu). 4.2. i din ca bn c lin quan Nu c th, i din ca cc bn c lin quan nn c mt khi tin hnh ly mu. 4.3. Bin bn ly mu Cc mu phng th nghim phi km theo bin bn ly mu k tn ca ngi ly mu v i din ca cc bn c lin quan k, nu c mt. Bin bn bao gm cc thng tin sau:

a) tn v a ch ca ngi ly mu; b) tn v a ch cc i din ca cc bn c lin quan; c) a im, ngy, im ly mu v thi gian ly mu; d) bn cht v xut x ca chuyn hng hoc l hng; e) lng v s lng n v cu thnh chuyn hng hoc l hng; f) du hiu v s hiu l hng; g) du hiu nhn bit tu ch hng, toa tu ha hoc xe ti, nu thch hp; h) ni gi hng; i) ni nhn hng; j) ngy n ca chuyn hng hoc l hng; k) tn v a ch ngi bn; l) tn v a ch ngi mua; m) s v ngy ca vn n hoc hp ng; n) phng php ly mu; o) s lng n v mu i vi tng l; p) du hiu nim phong ca cc n v mu; q) s lng v du hiu ca l hng m t ly ra cc n v mu; r) khi lng ca cc n v mu; s) ni n v mu c gi n. Bo co cng phi bao gm mi chi tit lin quan n cc iu kin hoc cc tnh hung c th nh hng n vic ly mu, th d tnh trng bao gi v iu kin mi trng xung quanh chng (nhit v m khng kh), nhit ca sn phm v nhit ca cc n v mu, cc phng php kh trng thit b v vt cha mu, v mi thng tin c bit khc c lin quan n vt liu cn ly mu. 5. Nim phong v dn nhn Mu phng th nghim phi c nim phong v dn nhn. Du nim phong phi c gn, sao cho khng th ly mu hoc nhn ra m khng ph hy du nim phong. Nhn phi c cht lng v c thch hp (th d mu sng, khng thm m, ba khng thm nc c l xu gia c). Nhn phi c ng bng du khng ty xa c v gm mi thng tin cn thit nhn bit cc n v mu, ti thiu bao gm nhng thng tin sau: a) bn cht v xut x ca chuyn hng hoc l hng; b) lng v s lng cc n v cu thnh chuyn hng hoc l hng; c) a im v ngy ly mu; d) tn ngi mua v ngi bn; e) s lng v du hiu ca l hng m t ly ra cc n v mu; f) nhit khng kh bao quanh n v mu ti thi im ly mu. 6. Cc phng php ly mu 6.1. Dng c ly mu v cc vt cha n v mu 6.1.1. Yu cu chung

Vt liu ca vt cha tip xc trc tip vi cc n v mu phi khng thm nc, khng thm m, khng ha tan v khng hp th. Cc vt cha phi c dung tch v hnh dng ph hp vi c ca cc n v mu cn ly. Cc vt cha phi c ng kn, trng hp chai, l th c ng kn bng nt cao su hoc nt bng cht do hoc c y bng nt bn mi, hoc c y bng np vn bng kim loi hoc cht do. Cc nt y phi bc bng lp vt liu tr trc khi y vo vt cha mu. Np vn phi c lp lt kn lm bng vt liu tr. Cc vt liu v dng c khng c nh hng n kt qu kim tra, c bit, phi p ng c cc yu cu quy nh trong 6.1.2 n 6.1.4. C th cn gim thiu nh hng ca nh sng v/hoc oxi. 6.1.2. Dng c v vt cha cc n v mu phn tch ha hc Dng c ly mu v cc vt cha n v mu phi kh, sch v khng nh hng n thnh phn ha hc ca sn phm. 6.1.3. Dng c v cc vt cha n v mu kim tra cm quan Dng c ly mu v cc vt cha n v mu phi kh, sch v khng thi mi hoc v n sn phm. 6.1.4. Dng c v vt cha cc n v mu kim tra vi sinh vt v cc mc ch khc (th d sinh vt hc, huyt thanh hc, m hc, hoc kim tra k sinh trng c t v dng th nui cy) Dng c ly mu v vt cha n v mu phi sch, v trng v khng nh hng n h vi sinh vt ca sn phm. Nu cn, kh trng dng c ly mu v cc vt cha mu theo mt trong s cc phng php sau: a) kh trng t nhit khng thp hn 1210C, trong thi gian khng t hn 20 pht; b) kh trng kh nhit khng thp hn 1700C, trong thi gian khng t hn 1h, dng t sy c kh nng iu ha khng kh m bo duy tr c nhit ng u tt c cc v tr trong t sy. Nu c hai phng php a) hoc phng php b) u khng dng c v nu dng c c s dng ngay sau khi kh trng, th c th s dng mt trong s cc phng php sau: c) cho tip xc vi hi nc nhit 1000C trong vng 1 h; d) ngm trong etanol 96% (V/V) v cho chy ht etanol; e) t bng ngn la hydrocabon (th d propan hoc butan) sao cho tt c b mt lm vic tip xc vi ngn la. 6.2. S lng n v mu cn ly S lng cc n v mu cn ly thu c mu ban u c th i din cho chuyn hng hoc l hng phi ph hp vi phng n ly mu quy nh trong hp ng hoc theo tha thun gia cc bn c lin quan. Nu phi tin hnh cc loi php th khc nhau (th d ha cht, vi sinh vt, vt l v cm quan) th phi ly cc n v mu ring bit cho tng loi php th. 6.3. Quy trnh ly mu 6.3.1. i vi tht hoc sn phm tht c ch bin hoc ng gi thnh nhng n v ring l vi cc c, hoc tht ming c khi lng khng qu 2 kg (xem 1.2 a)]. Ly cc n v hoc ming tht nguyn nh n v mu ban u. Ly s lng cc n v mu ban u theo quy nh mi l theo phng n ly mu c cp trong 6.2.

6.3.2. i vi thn tht, tht ming hoc tht mui c khi lng trn 2 kg, v tht c tch bng phng php c hc hoc tht kh [xem 1.2 b)]. Ly s lng cc n v mu ban u theo yu cu i vi tng l hng theo phng n ly mu c cp trong 6.2 v ring chng ly cc n v mu th cp dng kim tra ph hy trong phng th nghim (th d kim tra ha cht hoc kim tra vi sinh vt) hoc kim tra khng ph hy (th d kim tra bng mt, nh gi cm quan, kim tra vi sinh vt bng k thut Swab). Mt mu n c ly t thn tht hoc t cc ming tht ln khng th i din thc s cho ton b thn tht hoc ming tht , nhng thc t khng th phn tch ton b khi tht. Do , khi ly mu ban u hay ly mu th cp, mc ch ca vic ly mu s quyt nh quy trnh ly mu phi tun theo. Nh vy, ni chung cc mu phi c ly nh sau: a) n v mu b mt (th d pht hin coliform hoc Salmonella) phi c ly bng cch dng cc tm bng ln, m v thm trn ton b n v tht (hoc cc din tch c chn) hoc (tnh s vi sinh vt c nh du) bng cch xc nh din tch s dng k thut dng v ct, hoc trong trng hp tht ng lnh th co din tch ny. b) ly cc n v mu th cp c ct thnh ming t b mt ct sao cho vic tn thng mu l nh nht, vi khi lng khong 500 g n 1 kg kim tra ha hc hoc vi sinh vt trong phng th nghim. c) ly n v mu tht bp su kim tra vi sinh vt [th d xc nh s thi ra su xng (thi xng) t phn nhim bnh ca thn tht bng dng c chuyn dng bng thp khng g v trng, hoc dng khoan v dao nh i vi tht ng lnh. d) ly cc n v mu m (th d kim tra mt s hp cht ha tan trong m nh d lng thuc bo v thc vt) c th ly t m qu thn. e) ly cc n v mu nc tit dch ca tht, th d tht p lnh trong bao b chn khng, phi ly mt cch v trng qua lp bao b hoc sau khi m bao b bng xi lanh v/hoc bnh hoc l v trng. Nu tht tr v l hng th phi lm sau khi bao gi li trong bao b chn khng. 6.3.3. Nhit Trn thc t c th ghi li nhit ca tng l hng c ly mu. 6.4. Bao gi n v mu 6.4.1. Tht hoc sn phm tht c ch bin hoc c ng thnh cc n v ring l vi cc c, hoc tht ming c khi lng khng qu 2 kg [xem 1.2 a)]. Nu cc n v c bao gi trong cc vt cha kn, th khng yu cu bao gi tip. Nu cc n v cha c ng gi, th gi tng n v mu vo trong vt cha mu thch hp, ng kn, nim phong v dn nhn (xem iu 5 v 6.1). 6.4.2. Thn tht, tht ming hoc tht mui c khi lng trn 2kg v tht c tch bng phng php c hc hoc tht kh [xem 1.2b)] Gi tng n v mu trong ti cht do thch hp, ng kn, nim phong v dn nhn (xem iu 5 v 6.1) Cc tm bng kim tra vi sinh vt c ng trong cc vt cha v trng v mu nc tit dch ca tht c ng trong cc bnh hoc l v trng. Ch thch 1 - Nu c th, gi cc n v mu khc nhau trong cng mt hoc nhiu vt cha, vic nim phong v dn nhn cho tng n v mu l khng cn thit khi cc vt cha ny c nim phong v dn nhn theo iu 5 v 6.1. 6.5. Vn chuyn v bo qun cc n v mu

Sau khi ly mu, gi cc n v mu n phng th nghim cng nhanh cng tt, trong sut thi gian chng phi c duy tr nhit bo qun sn phm. Tuy nhin, trng hp cc sn phm m lm lnh, th vn chuyn cc n v mu: a) nhit t 00C n 20C nu d tnh s kim tra trong 24 h, hoc; b) trng hp mu cn li lm ng lnh nhit khng qu -240C; tuy nhin, cc mu khng dng kim tra vt l hoc cm quan th thng khng phi lm ng lnh. Ch trnh phi cc n v mu trc tip di nh mt tri trong sut qu trnh vn chuyn. Cc n v mu chuyn n phng th nghim phi tnh trng khng b h hng v cn nguyn nim phong.