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E=HNTANENTEXPONIA on rng crnro ogerproUo ef,ouoiog rov Ioovvn Merof,crxcn 60 xpvro ou rov rou crrqviroBcrvcn ro <E>-Ioroprxo enrxerpeionpepo vo.qrorioertnv louoxrn r o.urn[pooolrKtrno, cruoiovrcrs rou rc,r Koioctpog Kcrioopr. o uqrnouenrnou Erpotroux oreexog rou otn Merof,crg, xcrpnorn ireterncrieuon yro evrcrpepov leppcrvio, eixver rrcrirepo oUoSef,opxngge rnv nonrNn,rooolrevos nopo rnv rnv ncupo rujvuovopxrNti-rv epmoroovn rrourou eerfe o Bevrzog, rou crvcrBerovrcrs ouolouNcrrnv opycrvoton ro rou orpo.ro 1910. Apxnyg rou xppcuosrov ELeuBepotppvc,rv UtiS,xoro noon rou, tou exOpg enrieroroe l3xpovo xowooueunopovo xc,tpig Nepioer cryvcr Norvooueuux Me rou crou. ro reeurcrio rnv eplroroovn rng og 3,94Vo exoyeg 26ng/7/I936 unoupyg ropizeroron ro oorrcr npo0unoupYos, XrpcuroxrrvNor gerrrencr ylo vcrxctooerrnv efouoio Knpuooovrcrs tng rn rxrcuopicr 4ng Auyouorou. Oorooto nepiEnpo <Oxt> rrpogrous oro hoougKcnn evrof,n rng Ettctg cruoreei rou notrrou neuporov vtxnrv rxn rou emoyn uqrnng ovolrtpronrnro uonrNngeuNpivercrg.
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e [ponyoDUevoreuxos rov <Ioroprxdtv>(op. 73) eixope, r<oronyovrog, rorundoer ro owrrcpoopo rr (n KevTplKn cf,ouoio,oo qntrurn Kol ouropxrKn vq eivor ourn, ouvorei vo eurpooerorn oprxn Uopgn rng yooog, nou nopopevelnovtq Uro ovrrKelpevlKnxornyopio>. Ernv ircr roroprr<nrunooyio Bo ovopepSopexor g ous onpeprve <Iopo-Enpertioerg>, exovrcls,rn ournv, rognopoerypo ro prpcrytrrooourng Eopo xnrooronguou nqoxroe vo. eEoppoero <Tpirog e}nvrxg nol,mopg> ornv envrxn Mqxeovio. O cpcuvnrngnou Bo 8enocronpepo vo eyKuWCl oro xerpo.oro veoe),nvrxng pog fleplrereros rng rrou enypqqeror <E,\o3<pt'rvor KpcnrKn Kor ef,ouoio>8q xerorn roBeonrou vq uourrlro onBnpc. flpxerror ylo tnv npoqrorn exLevn povoypoEio rou Tooou Kooruoutrou <I1 anayopeqtvn yooa. Kparun t<araoron rav oAatxv tq^xrav ornv eAAnwxn Moxeovia>>uou r<ur<oEpnoe rrepuor,nou, pe unoeryporrx rpuo, noporiBrcrrKcu oxollozeror ro nnyoio urx. llop' o nou, oxpn xm onpepo, ev exouvoropornoeror onncrpcgnpooeyyrong on rnv <cOnxgpovo>oxouro, n yvoorn <xo8eorc,mr<n> orpvooreEng roroproypoEio(n. eril ug xo.ipregncpornpnoergrou A. Bqxou orov o'rpo rou ueprorxou<Iotopeiv>,ABnvq 1999, Vrcrpro upoEorn iropn povoyporpio),ouore),ei uro, yro xo8e romoro epeuvntn rng upoEorng pog, n xoronieon, n r,tpn xporrxn io uou roroprcts ooxnSnr<eon ro perof,,rxr<oBeorg pro oe pepio erepyrooor'rv oulruolv pog, vo wuxerlre'urx eopcvo. xoOotluoxog <noroytoyg>r. og ro ,l pcrowIoo Kcno pozrxgexLomopg oro f f lr.-/ t-rg Scpovnoro ucocr(epovnuououou))yro 'xeivoug nou eixov tnv qruxiq vo yewn8ouv oro erepyoooo neproovroD xoprou rous Kor nou nporoKouyov rnv <enionpn> yooo oro oxoer qn rov <e8vrxEpovo>ooxoo ge rnv uyolrvn epyo, ev onoretrovuponoyovrouxo eeupnporo Korrorc)v<ov0env<,tv), o.\o upoyporrxcr eolrevo (u. enrolreporepo, K<oornouog, o. 162-180) rnv nepioorng e.o., ou perof,rxng rxroropiog. Evo.xo8eorg rou pe rnv uoueio tou ournv (rouoxrorov oe ,u oqopo ug oo4rcurxg ooovoug,ug EuoxioersKor rov exromolr oLut-rv, yto yaroorxng rng roug ereprnrog)ev p0nr<e no poxpro ou rn nnpof,,n rou cyr<.npo.r-og yevoxrovio.g. rng oDpeovo Ue uS onlreprvegvppeg rou Are0vog (u. oxeru<o, Kuper, The Prevention rr<oiou L. of Genocide.New Haven 198$. 7 7 petof,rxn rxroropio Kor ro ilerplvcl xpvro ge rou Ep<puiou, Lovf,,eprzopcvg f-f I I oxnpouprxpxoopou, upooov,xr.tpig ororoo-evo. eopvonou eureo"rver ox1rn pro tpopo. oulrnpoolro nou rqrunooUeornv ro opxn- vcrr<oLotppouv o.no-A,eiqouv vo r-o <prxoopopo> rio4ro ou rnv envrxn eurxpoLero. Enpepo.cw cr(pouyKpoorei xoveig xorepo., rquroroer u o rrirxog 0o emxorvoviog crurg ef,,oxotrouOei nopapver vo zcrvrovgoro orxeio neprol,ov rns orKoyveroKns ouvo.0porong oxfltn, xqr oc xonoro veovrx n. <ott<u oe xonoreg peregeoxorrgrng lorpicrg ro lros. H prnprxn yriloocr, orxexro,r'tg r<ornyopioowu<erlrevrxn, rropeUerve onrn ou ug noregpeSoeoerg r<porrxngef,ouoicrg. mg To Eo.rvpevo <oooErovicrg> rng nopouorozeror r<otr,r orrug onpeprvg ouvSnxeg, ov enlponei otov ypqqowq vo rorunor rnv ouoqm rou, c,rg evcrepeuvnux npnpo. Eivqr n}ov xrrpg, nprv eyxoror\eiEer ro eyxo1[o xor o reeuroiog xpnorns rou, vo xoroypoEei xor vo peernSein yrilooo exeivn nou eui enonevre orveg nclpeuerve zc,rvrnvnoro xpo pog. Mro yooo rrou, Us roug opxoiopog uou rornpei ox1rn, nopxernorrpourx oroug epeuvnrgrng roropiog oxnpngrng oorrng yooorxng orKoYevelos. Eivor orprg n iro.exeivn ycbooo,evo npr1ro ororo LngonoioEpernovKcrrroryporyov, xr,pig npoxc[onyn, or uo Ayror oeEoi on rn OeooqoviKn uprv on vero orveg, yro vo xopioouv oe vo peyoo pepog uov ov rng Eupung ro po rou yponro rouguouropo....

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yewn8nxe ornv ISoxn oug 12 Aupriou 1871orr Kegooviteg yoveig,nou Mercrf,,og A or pizeg roug ovtryovtov oro Buzcluo. <...Eipcrrxpng>, eeYe [HpepoYto, 489]. <...Avnxo srg rnv crprotor<poriov exeivnv> lA 5271. rou 1897o rooxogorpcunorng(. (E))uo xpvro pero rov oruxn uepo yrcr ououg otnv IXTOPIKA, r. 3) rov orver(xopig royotvrop) ovcbroreg floe1nxn Axcrnpio rou Bepoivou. <Ouvupnpo. outov ro Au xer 8o quyer ro 1903U tnv rlprurKn uo.xrq: rov Iorownv Metof,,ov> Me rnv eurorpoEn rou ronoBereirororo Epo levrxv Ennetrdlv. Orov o Bevrzeog rov (trrLo 1909) uoLcpoon ouotoon rov crvoxtprr-rv. opxizcrot npo8unoupyg. Lo ropizeruucrontorhtou. -onpctver-U' cKopexol' ouoiov utpunoupyv opxnYovtou Kcu <r...O Bcvrzr-og Emreeiou>[B 142]. <Opooy1 ev LloDeprveel eplloloouvnv... Aev pou eKcrlrev crv8pnou> 19]. <Av eBo,polg,ey ergrnv ef,ouoiov, evruorol enrnrrr<ou [B po8er noo ouiro crzero ooxog> tB 3571. rre Bcr rov rou tnv uucpoyono.rov xopoprr-rg ptoei. <Etg .Lroqopo tov Tnv orxoyvelo ef,,oxogo n qtuxn pou eivor yelrorn on xon xor pioog> [f 640]. rrou orroKtcr(3,9%) rov unlrlrupizer peropo Orqv nonerrcu,to eoxrorocrir< on oyovcrxrnon.<O envrxgog ev pe 8er...> 153], evdl ey <Oe]cl [^ no oiyov... Eipor xor Arryoer n ryuxn Uou>[ 411]. <Me npooxouv orpeieg. xovrg>[^ 540]. Aur rov orpqrerxcro rou xorvooueuuopo.<Anoxr tnv ueuoiBnorv u ouvorov u vo upooeooUevpe xorvooueunopv> 551]. <n]. KornYopnUclrrxg 0o [f noneulrmos) [^ 92]. Kor <Apo rou xorvooueuur<o epyooS [pos ovctrpolnv eipor "puouvrr"> [B 140]. oyxcioo ey, ev oenvc) eur<oo' uou rnooiqoovtnv Ecto(. (E)Toug BcrxovrrougllopouS(1912-13), r. I'TOPIKA, 30.3.2000, 24) roug Beopei ou rn oontou reuouvtn rou Eulerr<o <tuxorortu<nv> [B 166] xcrr <rou lpnpeiou Tpnpotog Eutxerpnoeov cog pog yro rn xcirpo. <enrxeipnon>[B 169]. oEer1rn> ef,oou, eroourou etrInvrxo orpcrou otn H emcrnpepnr<oBuorpnon, Oeoooovixn (pen rn pnxn rov frownov), nou xcrBpeurizetol otct oytovrn Ko0ror upctg <EroeBnre oveu xpovorprng... rou rneypoEnpotcr Bevrzeou: (rov Kovorovrivo) ro uooqv ovoony eoro orrypng>, <Bpournto oog uneuBuvov srg 8o qeper uproug roug BouycrpoDg rnv Oeoooovixnv>r<.u.,eixver rov rou <euuerx>,npoenux vou rou Merof,o -Kor rov ouvepyotcilv eo.itlg-uou rov... orprunorn. oulroueuouv rou To 1915progevovuverol -Kcrlnouoooro- orcroxro. Bevrzou erlKron Yro oLn M. Aoio. rou nocpou ( yro To Kivnpcr rou '35 nrov n o.qrernpicr rn rxroropio.uou crxooOnoe . (E)rporog: ug onorof,ergrov IETOPIKA, r. 20). nluoupyei ro crvuevrze-.rx oro orpc[r,nrxcirvKclrrrs exxoocrpioerg nporo. Kor rrs euoyiegrov Ayycov-rov ropizer O fepyrog B -pe ug unoeif,erg <oyxr,toe> eLnvrr< oxcrr yovrz8nxe uovc'ltou oov... rov rxroropo. Kr crutg <puouvrx>ioope rn Uepo rou 0ovorou rou. NixoS Baptdpnaong

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ro rn rou 19ou Kor orrs uprbregexcrerieg 20o rou cuovcrn E-\qo, uog xor ro Bqi.xovro, uc,lgxor -iyo opyrepo-oxnpnn Euptn, reoxroeprcr enoxn uoe1rov iqrov ouyxpooeov. Moo oKclr n ourg cLvonproupyn0nxe,o-.of,e xqpoKrnrcr prouxo rng, roo oro euineo rng uotrxng yecoyporpiogoo xor oto crvriororxo rtov nnSuoproKV orKovoUrxv, reooyrxv, nonrr<v ororxei. ov rns eBvrxng rng rourrnrog.Or euoxgEepvov ypnyopeg xor ioreg crLoyeg. Xm ropxero.roug yevvn0nxe Uro roxupn olroo nonrxv xor orpouorlKv -ouxvo xcrrro o pozi, or erroxes errero oAqv- uou ovei.qevo ro.xerprorei nonorn xcr uponpcrcr rov r<orprrtv vo ropopEoer rn xor vo Eloo nou yewrrcrv. O Merofg unnpf,e pe-oe og ourng rng oryolreoug reeuroio"ovouonolracrg.To nourx rou upootno rolropEBnxe oro ncrioroctDrou xxou, orou onoiou rn rcrrou Uopeoon euorf,elporclyovroux po. O Ionwng Merof,crgqxoouSnoero orpcnrr.rux enoyyelpo oe pio euoxn nou on our f,,exrvooov uooi ppor. O ue1rog nrqv rre qvononooro UpoSrns nonrxng xqr n reeuroio nrcrv,pe rn oerpo rng, xoSoprouxn yro rn ro1rpqorcnrng pDornsxorvoving.AuEolog rng ExongEuenicov(1890), Merof,,og o pe8nxe vog ov8uuooxoyg oug opxgrng rei.euroiogexoeriogrou lgou orvo. ErrxernKeoro Mnxovrx nou rre, pozi pe ro llupool,rr, nepreopovcrv ueov popeoro pvo orexnrou orpcuonpqS. Ytnpernoe otnv Kpr<upo Kcu oro Nqnro, opxrxo oe oonpeg Beoerg, yeyovg rroD, oe ouvuoop pe rcr evrovcrorxoyeveroxo nponporo nou ovulreLtrrnrzc, etov eepvo ouxvo oe olrnxovio Kor o rcrBeonovoznrnong ryrepo uouul,oxou rpnou zong. llopeperveovrog oro orporeupor<rizovrog non ope yovio rnv rrpooorrlKn rou Koprepo, ovoznrrirvrog eKorpieg upoororegxor rorepyvrcrg rrxor rn crireponpoovro roD. To oppnrrx noroln tng e0vu<ng ef,opong, nou opxroe vo rpouvrdtverpero ro 1895,rov ouverrnpe ror crurv.llcrpoxoouBnoeug nournpoxegef,eirou f,,erg Kpnrrxou Kr roD MqKeovrxou znrnporog xor yrve,ur^tg uooor of,,roporrxoi rng oerxcrr pog rou, pAog E8vrr<ng mg Erorpeicrg. upoorooio H roxupv nopoyvrrov,nog rou Bircrrrpo Aor:opvn Kor or rxovrnreg rou, gepov peprKesnpreg ror<pioerg ulooxoetg ytcl ro pov rng orpoxor

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H uouKns roD Kcltr)rpos. rpouporrxn eunerpr(r toD no^UouroD 1897ulnp6 n nprn rou ouvovrnon Ue ro ilcio rorv Uox6v Kctrroulxpovct n euKctrpi I]oD znrooe Yro (rvoerEn.Orov opxroe o reUos nrov 26 xpvo)v.BpBnxee vc. unnperei oe Urct KcliprKor yeUotn euKotpi0s8on:oro elllteeio tou Krovorcrvrivou,vdrflou rorxnrn rov ercrxou otov rr^eporng eeoooiqs. nvrxrirv orpctreDpctrov O MeLof,ogeoivetor rt eixe nrorcqrelolov roepo crur.O ev8ouoroogg,n ef,,oponrov npopv rrou rixcrv Ilponyn8ei, ouvDqzrov Us xrUorplKss npoooKies yro ctvorponn rov Dopevdv eo1rO vov ioos Ue rnv eDpo[oiKn ncu)eUoon. MerooglcJUrlEqS,noS Kor rooi oor OepporUot Koi rns yevro.grou, crvKor yvprzov rnv I]poon.\oon rov eupolnoirv uvolrerov otn rornpnon rou g ev 8ere or<rlxroio perof,u oe ororousKo IIOD rous rooppolieg, nioreucrvptlg tr n onern tng ef,or<piong,o gog yro ovef,,eyxrn euprepng rroon rou rropou Bcr enoupyooe Oeuxtr yro. ioog, Bo ornv e}.LnvrKn DII8eonKol, eKrcrotrt<o nyooe ornv Dro8rnon rc)v e).nvrxv 8oeotv, oro zrunpo rns Kpnrng routroxrorov. H peprlrvo rov eupolloiKv uvolrerovYlo rn rornpnon rns oro-

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Itioxeq4 perov oro Kt vgrovrivo Xor(f Mnei'ix' Exrdgonroug Avp6o' npiyrmeg xot Ntrdtrqo Xplordqopo ot torpivovrot 3lit*'i^=t"t;lK' ]TpornYoq'

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EocrS rct expnxur<o npoqroro or rnv lVfrroida Kar rpoopovn rng oOtopovxng r.Lnpovolnog npor<o.on noouoov.To po8npo tov eKoveoorpr-epo ougoougoug perueuo ef,ei'if,etgxor rrcrirepo orn prKpoor0rtxn neprnctero. An rnv oIn neupo,n rotootoon rou envrnrov, ouro tou noIrou xou orporo orn ropr<ero Kouorotpno, exrg ouunyn orloYoruuoeov r<qrcr xar nnyn royporrrtv. H erxvo rov envrxov orporrouxv povotw ntov nuoxoproluxn. H ovqprf,,n pe roug oroxroug, n onouoio ner8opxicrgxm nou etporcrolrou pere8oxovvr.rv n pn .,euoupyio n .Lero orporx,mxo rpnpcto os oprroYeg znrrovoug, )

Ir4v onevovrr q nrxpri oeio: epnerpio 1897 rou io[e Mero{6 rov voeivor enrquoxrrxdg ondvuvrr or4 upof0ero" rov Mey6t'lv Auvfpeov yr' xor our rtip4oe enrquoxrrxf ortioq or4 lrrxpoororxri nepmerero

pio rorvuotrr<v, rou Tnou r<orcrvooynrng xorvng yvcillrng, eiov oro npoconorng povopxioE, oro tooxoKor orousnpiyxrneg nou xoreixov nyeuxeg Boergoro orporeupo, rnv quio rng ouvrprng xar yr' roug uueSuvoug ourn. O Merof,ogouvro.x8nxe pe ug crupersrov Kornyopoulrvorv. Oepnoe u n nnio yro rnv KcrroorpoEnprorrov oug opxoixg Kcuove[crpKeiguotrxg opgrng xpcrgxm ornv ouvogio rou xorvcrvrr<o xpou vo nproupynoer vo orporrrur< epyo}eio oyxpovo, ovrof,,ro rng enoxng xor rorv upooor<rv uou ornpizovrov uovr,r rou. Mero rov ue1ro, veopg, oxpn, of,,r<'rlrcrro xg uunpf,e pogrng opooguou ouvrcrf,e rernv pigqrn ExSeon rou Apxrorpornyou, nou rvrov n ouoEn rou Kovotowivou yro rnv xqr<n e6),r[n r<'rveurxerpnoeorv. Merof,og eixe nn exrei u o O xpog rng povopxiog nrqv o rr.^.eov ouyKpornUevos xor oroBepgpoo orn yevrxn peuortnrcr,Bon nou eqxrores qopes crvoBepnoe orn Uererrerrcr orpoLnr.rlrxn norrrxn rou xoprepo. r<or

oveon roD Ue ro xpo rng povo.pxio.g nor ro oulrEpovrorng arceroxupn 0lt'tdwqg Bnon oro pov rou. Tov xo.rp exeivo pe Mero{fq otori or povopxeg xunpooov vo rroirepo oIrr,rporxo rov neypo oxoeorvovolrerof,,roDS,clrroreBoxovrxtiv ooov vo oxeur<q ourvo1rono ef,ouoios. H o' Ilodpttv voyxoicr, pero ro 1897,ovoropyovr.ronroD orpcuo e(pepveefi,oou oro npoor<nvro ro 01rcr norrou pxowov oe unpn ovtiBeon pe roDSopxrr<og evuxo e.tryxou orpcnlorrxo pnxovropo, rn 8rou 0ouoroolrogxol rn roxurn ororoof,,io.H Bon rou on rnv ovcrxrpov poo oe qur. Ero u.Lqioro ouMerof,,o oro enteeio rou roxou,t<owo orov entrv rc,rv e[eiEeoV n povopxio ouoEooroe vo erelopxn rc'rv el.nvrxv uvolreov, orparny Eouevoeroe iyougvougnf,,roporrrogpe rroirefiouvzqlrn, rou errerpeqrs po.npoovro xo.rpe ouoeerypvnrnv npoonore[,o]ou vo yv<'rpioer ouo xovro. ug uoeprxgef,el,if,ergorn Oeoooio Kr vo on roug oe ourn. O Merofi,agntov ovalreoa roug. royvriloerrnv ncrSooyio rc,rvenvrxv orporrcJrr- Erq8nxe oro BepoLivo,ornv enei uepirpnpnXrpo0 Bixrop xv povoov. O ofi,roOpnvnrog cr8pger<nieu- ur,nrxn Axonpio -Berlinskriegsakademie- yro Aoopov4g, rov orporrouxv Uovuog n onouoiq oxeic'rv vcronoxrnoer eupeioorpcruouxn pptporon. ong npoorr4g r<orn npoqrovororn .LerEnouoroouxng rrpoeTorrou Ero Bepoivo tprooero Xeurppro rou 1899xor Mero[ pooiogrou orporoon ro xpvro rng crpnvng-xpelrervepexpr ug opxegrou 1903.flepo ou ro yeyovro nou n Drreprrorprouxn pnropeio eixe uuoxorqvg u qrrKrnoenon].eupnrexvrxn, roxrtxn r<ot ornoer o ro ouorqouxo. prpa- evruu8nxqv oro orpornyrxn ppgt'lon, yvproe rov euptonoix xtivo rre of,roporrx. Ioog, oopovro xpvro o.pyre- po, rov nourr ror xorvolvrx rpro opyovroong po, ourg or ovolrvnoerg vo Lenopynoov oro perr<oreixe rnv euxorpio vo rumoroer ug roEopeg oneun rr<roroponou yvprze u o onoreeolrouxg volreoo.oro oyxpova r<pornxor rnv e.A,nvrxn ue-oro neio rt-rvpoxv- orporgnperrcl vcl cxcr KTI- piurr,ron. Or nomxg rou nenor8noergeunpeoornorei enilrovo orov xorp rng erpnvng. xov on ug npoEcveig onoorooergnou xprzov rnv Ern roprero ouroDrou noepou,o Merof,,ogroEl,oo on roug uuornoug, ev, novrog ro ef,,e eniong ro nomx rou orporneo. Ioxupn penpoyporo on rn oxomo rns yepUovrKng povopxiog, xprveo r<orvooueuuolrg nrov n ncrOooyio rng ourns &sxxwwmq &{mxmffi&q ffiKeffied,rffimwsxtirpogrou. Ero roguovrr,-rg rns cuponoixng rou epuerpiog nrov vogou roug etroxrorougo.1'L., trxpsTre3xxK$ r3ffiwm&ie ,i* r*8xr? f,rr,rlrcnrxog npoyUorrKn orporrouxn yvon xor ff Ue mm& eJX $-,&{"r meaffie* &pon*oNavrinqm. Ircrrueg nolurrlreg o Uio eiloxn rroDn frercxvmulwe\f Eoq opyovr'rve uvolrergrng oe veegooerg. ug llioo ornv E.\ocr rqxronoinoe rnv olKovevrroKn

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Kclonueornv xopis eE,ctpoers rou zon KOrerrorpelue prvLruo otpotrorrlKns Aev Kctprcpclg. nnpe eveprng y pepog oro Moxeovrx Ayvo, ov xor orn crprocrroir<noe,pro povorxn epuerpicrornv Kctprepct rolJ,orporlorlKn povoo. To orpornoux r<ivnpo tou rnv 1909,oro foui, ev Eolveror vcrerrnpeoo Korpno. rou. BnpcprvrnLo touoxrorovpe crpeoo H ouvwnon lre rov Bevrzo Or ruxeg rou Ioovvn Merof,,ctoof,ov oug 6 Auyootou1910.Tnv nUepoourn ouvovtn8nxe pe tov Bevrz6o, tov ouoio o Erpcrtr,tuxg Euveopogeixe euroerc'lgnpo8utoupy nor ouottroux rueptou vrun rns xpog. O Bevrzeog zntnoe rn ouvpoLporou. yooio rouornv opycltoon onoteeoporlKou Tou lprerve Ln Scon tou utoonroln rou unoupyou xoreiErpoutouxv -Bonnou o irog o Bevrzog rropo rrs Kclxuroxe rre- xor o Merof,ogexBnxe, enrtf,,ergtou ryieg rou yrr ruxv ctvrrpovopxrKg veoDloxupou uourxou. Xroug enolrevousUnveg, n poornprrnro rou oxev oopovroxpovou of,rr,lpour<ou-oxcryouor<1rn unnpf,e evtovn. Or yvoerg orn rou rov xqBrorooqv uorr1ro roppqoon oxtiorv r<or orpornyrxv, evri n uonrxn rooppouro peoo ornv onoio proxrog ovoUeoooro uq-\orr xor orn vcr rof,n rou Bevrzeou,rveornv nnpouoio notrtxo xopox tnprouxo. rou rroirepo. EulrEovo Uernv lpoorxn uqreio r<orrouguor-

er<prve rou, o Mercrf,,crg uNog upooovororopog u o orporg npene vo. pior<eror porpro ou rnv ovnouxn xorvoouleuur<nnotrnn, roxupo e1rvos Uernv ulepKoUporrKnpovopxio. AvrloxBnxe, oro prpo rou uvro, ornv enrtroyn yo,Lrxng orporronrxng ouoorolng ylo rnv opyovtlon rou orpcrrouf,,npogxcrr euriof,e rnv enovoo tou roxou Kr,rvorovtrvou otnv ovulrrn nYororou orporou Or repcnog. oxeoerg Uero ucrctrunnpf,ov uuxveg crurnrnv uepioo. H e rpodpnon tou Ylcl rn fcppovio ntov oxcv[PotPovng. llcrp' ' ouro, xoBg nnoicrzov or Bcrxovrxoi xopn ornv crptrrnrororv oxeiov flepor, r<eprze, yvcioergrou xor tn rouytlo rov crvuntyetilv rou, rls cUnclpoYvurLou, Oeontou ootxouotpoLrt'-rrtxo rn povo. Me ourn rou rnv rrrrnooqrlrereixe orn rorov pp<poonrorv ouppoxrv oug ucrpctUoveg noexoStig xor oTnv eKrlovnon rov oxerou 1912-73, Uov iov exorpcneiogrou envrxoorpc[oD. Etnv NuBevrze' proef,,io, uepioog ourn rng ouvepycroio.g n

0 krovvrlg Mero{tig, xot ov olenx XoUnFo0Uoq o[toportxdg, ot ouupsreixe rrg deg 0vilnp0oorrisq yro ouv0{xeg rrg xot erpfvrlg ro urTurroeurK ororoug

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0lttdwqg Mero{69ou-Mero.f,o. xctqoKeooe ornv ouoiq rov erepo. unoonrortig Tov <pepe enir<evrporng nourr<ngropoxng, rou oro Kovorovrivou xrlplopov uovo orn orporrouxn peroppBpron, rov
oo xor poq oro Kevrpcrouorpooeotv uo1rrov rov nou BcroAozcrvrnv erxvo.rng xcilpog. Or Bo-l,xovrxo Il)tepor Mrg,rov Oxrdlprorou 1912, ot f,exivnocrv BoLxqvrr<oifle1ror,o Mercrf,ogpBnxe oro euueeio rou roxou Krrtvorovrivou, oe rcripro. Beon, ornv exuvnon rov oxeiov exorporeiog.Arr qurn rn Beon nnpe ppog oug exorporeieg uou oxotro8noov, er<rg on trg ueprnrc,toerg nou pereixe orrs ovrlnpoooneieg nou enef,,epyozovrcrv ouv8nxeg epnrrg vns KctrLnvfioyitrronrng veogxorooloongnou or ne1ror eixov nproupynoer. llopo ro yeyovgu orn ropxero rou noe1rouxproe ennougoO1roug -egrooeoro o01r oorn orpcrrrorrxnrepcrpxio. rou vrloDvrcrlflorcrpxnro Xenr1rpro rou 1913-n nopouoio rou onoreooeio<og orrovro nopoerypo vo xopno8pou of,r,tlrorrxo os roo xpiorlreg xor xoipreg8oerg euoupyieg. xor Ko0g or rxovrnrg tou euon8eBnxqvornv uo}eprxn nepioo, pe8nxe, prgonoxoroorcrBnxen erpnvn, oe KrvrprKn Oon og rrpog Tnv opyovc]on rou veou e]nvrr<ou KpcrroDg, orov opuvux rolro rouoxrorov. Ero ouvropo roornpcr Uxpr rnv vopf,n rou lre-

yoou eupolcrixo noepou,o Merof,og p0nxe pnpooro. oro vect otpcnnyrxo npol,n1rotorrou ouooxolooov rn xdpo. H Seon tou uov nrov oxev ror4rn Fe rou upco8unoupyo Bevrzouoro xt.rpo our. Or roqr.ivieg ev o.pynoovvn exni,ot8ouv, xr,pig poE, yro nou nnrp, vo uopouv ouoqrnorouxn rooroon. To peyoo npnpo ntqv n OOc4rovrxn Auroxporopio nou eoxrorq eixe onoexOeirnv ooyn rr.lv rooppourdtvoro Aryoio. T, oo o Bevrzeog oo r<oro Metof,,og xorcrvoooov u n onern nrov olreon xor u or oergnou reBerqv nrov ueproprolrveg.H Etroo, notg uou ypnyopo onoeix8nxe, ev pnopooe vo. or<oouSnoer rnv O8r,tpovrxn Auroxporopio oe vov qvroyrrrvropvcruuxv ef,ouropv. O BevrzogOeopouoerr n xolooroon Unopouocvo ovtrpctt_rntorei op' evgUe rnv onurn npoeon orcrperovrxo oupEpovrcr-uou Bcr oKpove rnv oBropovzrr<n vuuuxh unepoxn- Kor o(p'erepoupe rov ef,eupevrop rov OBr,rlrovvpe npooyyron Eriog Kcll ouvewnong n ox1rn xor pe xonoreg eorprng ol,n egnopoxopnoerg.O Merof,og ovriSero Ber,rpooe nr,rg xpo enpellevo qKoouBnoer puopooe n oo ro vcrurrKoovroyovrop Kcrrvcr npooer rnv o0opnvrr<nunepoxn ef,onoovros, ornv ovoyxn, orqrvrrooux le1ro. To oxero rou yro xrunpo oro o.pcvero ogeiLovrov crxprgoe crurnrnv ovrinryn rou. Onoonnore, notroi orr roDS nponnou crvcrnrx8nrov rre rcunpnoov rnv Ucrrropous of,io Loug orrs pr-Tcrycveorepcs Kcrr enoxes.

o f,ouoopo rou A' llcryxoopiou floe1rou, rov Auyouororou 1914,eycre envrrnv xn nourr<nxcrr orpctrlouKn nyeoio qu rq oxoq rnpporo. pvo xo.r Uovo yro vo rnv onynoer oe vo, crng poprpng. eOr uroygneov npenevo yivouv ovoUeoooro crvrlpcrx1revo orporuecrrov roxupv n, oro, ovoUeoo orn oupperoxnorov uepon rnv oueteprnro. H reeuroio, rrou urroornplzov o Merof,og Kor ro ovoxtopo, yrvrov uvorn pvo oo ro 14roro rov roxupriv ev orpEovrov rrpog rov ei.nvrx xripo. O Bevzog ro yvprze oDrKor unoornprze rnv ovoyxn vo npooer xpo ro cucpxpevoyeyovn ro -Uernv leupn rng Ayyiog Euorxo. Euvovrnoe, oe ourS ug npo8oerg, rou rnv ovtiBeon rng crLng neupog,rov crvoxrpov Kor rou Merof,,o,froDorrexSovovrqv roBe upopn noeprxn epnoxn rng xpcrg.Terxo, or crvrrBeoerg, ornprypvego KorvovrK xor orxovolux uuorpo1ro, cruoeix8nxov "$"q:wel oyequpores xor xriorme ro x).ipo. rou rxrolro. O m &ffiqwsqtf*ffiq K{s &fexsxfficr,r; cl{y{3 {:} Merof,og pcogn),eov eixe ncnyer vo eivor ong glxcgw K{3{l'W&#q"${:r{V ffirffismtr} {39*m ca#m{rffi :l,li:x orprrorrKos elrnerpoyvcbpovog. Ooerg neKffix Or rou m* 1x.*exenq ffilte*ffisr{xv ffi$}*#px{r6i{*wffiq rxmu ov nocv uotrxeg Kol, oTn ouvxerorng uopouoiog trxs{xw rou, oS no[rr<g neov pereixe oro pUevo rns envrxng roropios I

1871 fevvrror ornv l0oxn o Icoownc yvog norog Merofl,og, g opxovur<ngorr<oyvero t897 floipver ppog r'rgov8uuooxcryg rou Mnxcrvrxou orov EAnvoroupxrxneporou 1897. fvc,rpizeror pe ro rcroxo Kt-rvotov t-ivoxot ofioottcttot oto euueeiorou 1899.r903 Kornrv evepyerv rou Krovotovrivouperooiver yro orporrour<nperexuo.ieuonorn fcppovio. nou Bo ennpeoolei qn rov npoorx prrroprop r903.1904 EmorpEovrogomv Eacr unnpeLei oLn fevu<n roixnon rou Erporo r904.r9()9 Eerpo. xer n Snreio rou oro E1ro Ennev r909 O Erporronrxg Eveopog xoropyei ro Epo rcovEnnev xor o Merof,og eurorpgeroro Mnxovrx rogoxoyg 1 9 rO O El,eu8prog Bevrzog rov eur.tryer uucromorn (6.8) og

r 9 rI
puotrxn Avo.o1rover quooroLn oe rof,,ir orpour,nrr<n rou oTn Bouyopioxor yivcror g onoEcroroux nopoyovrog ornv g urroYpopnorporttort g ouptpt-rvio xn rov uo xopv t9t2 flopeupiorercrr rogpeogrng envrxngovufrpooo)fieiogorn Xuvrooxeryn rou Aovivou, nou ouznreiror n erpnvn Ue rnv Toupxio. t9t3 O Merofi,ogxer gtcroeroro oBp IOUCrVrlODVrOYpOrOpXn 19r4 Xc onpo.vLu< xor npognnx oo uupvnpo o Merof,,ogupoef,oEei rnv onoruxio prog nr0ovnE onoongrou c.,nvrxo orporo orn M. Aoio. Eronyeiror rnv orEvrorouxn r<oronqrnrov opoveit-rv xt-rpiguponyopcvn

xnpuf,n uotrepou evovriov rng Toupxicrg 1915 Evovuvetcrr o<popo orn oulrlreroxn eLnvrxou orporrouKou rpnuoros ornv cucron rr,rv Eulrlrcrxov orcr Etevcr. H emppon rou oro oorro Kc,rvorcrvrivo onynoer oe 0o nopoirnon rnv xuepvnon Bevrzl.ou.O Merof,ag rper rropoorporloux o1ro onoreopevo on onorporoug of,rr,rlrouxog 1917 H euovoogrou Bevrzetrouornv ef,ouoicr onyei rov Merof,,ooLnv onoorporeio, q0 nor ornv ef,opio. Kopoxng. pozi rnv rng ovu evrzerxn norrrxn nveoio 1920 Euovpxeror pe rn vir<n rov ovuevrzerxv oug eroygror evovlrveror o rn Mrxpoorotrxn exorpcueio 1923 Eupperexer Lnv ovrenovooLorrxn o rivnon nou onoruyxovet 1924 Koropynon mg povopxiog. O Menf,og rnv ovoyvorpizercog vpr1rn evepyercr 1926 Apxnyg rou xppcuog rcrv Eeu8epoEpvr,rv rou rper o irog. ev oupUctcxcrt-rgunoupyg

Euyxorvcrvrv ornv r<upvnon Zaipn 1928 Opropeuuxn enovoogrou Bevrzou ornv npor0unoupyio.. O Merof,,crg ouoruyxcrvervo exeyei oueurng 1932 Aropizeror unoupyg Eoorcprxv otnv xuepvnon lI. TooLcrpn 1933 O Mcrofi,ogKnpDooclqvorxr repo evqvriov rou Bevrzeouxur rov onov rou 1935 Mero ro anoruxnlrvo evrzerx r<ivnpo mg 1ng Mopriou o Merof,,crg rcrooerorcrvem<poxro Drreprng uorvp8oong rng crorl,eicrg 1936 Yuoupyg Etporrr,rtrxr,rvotnv unnpeoroxn xuepvnon epeprzn (5.1).Avunpepogrng xupvnong(Mqpr.). flpoSunoupyos (13.4).Ancpyic g. ouonrnpro, ropoxgoe n rn xpo (Morog-Io4.). lt-rovvng O Me Lof,,og xnpooer rxroLopiooLnv EIcrcr 1936-194(' Arr<rotoprxn roxuepvnon 1940 Envoirorxgnepog(28.10). 1941 ArrpvirogSovorogrou I. Mero.f,o. (29.1)

0 roo1oq lloog o npo0unoupyq ror lownq Mero{fq rq ropxero xoro TeeT{q. Ae[r, voop;1og o loreopiou 11

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ilLeul;lo uo,\rln npoypnirpcr lou roppolog rt,.rri p drronr (li.crt u t)r-1-,rcqr uuc.rvovrc Iiorv( )rr)il0 q, uJe cul ro lr),t:trirv, crui:qjol{ oxcExcl trl.t lci LieLpcinou llpi:Flr v+ ,\ntgi'lou*,1: V]cr {]-t yuupYrx{l u"\ltrrlt, u1v uIIoi.iil)rl-11u-rr lrlnfloclorn<lig iof,ng, [/ cvicrxt]tin tn.q tn irclrui,i-rg, xloo$l-cio n-.gurprrxor''ittq" tppo[]r/ iTiii)r-1rilcr u.r-lr-rg r,r6lyrlzollovoD(1, tvclon rn.g;titrIV rirl-l{ no.tuxnt.:, r}r}/ ovqI({tn rou rncl1,tor-;lovrt1t ul cmno r;cjpc.n,()g, lou<rtixn IToKvr$l)on, in IJr,:,t Lj.r,rrrntng c.rrurifi r:r.r(rng.ux\/ npoorcrciu t,noitlii)I,/ [-{r}\r {)piltltrtutilrri,,v ovpcov) Kl ltlv {.1IIOKr;ri: [nq {-]vr}rn,flg r:tpclro Kqi Io oxio. Oa r.i;orrlcin l;;;rirog pr: uoi lVrnyilcvri. oL{) $,\ftl(jro cvoq "rtr:,.ite rrtrrxul.rlv.rt {flJ rir f}ian ror; t'tciu\ea;g Q}t{t t<at iou noir0or.r ctpti'{at/r.agr:<I{ icrrnpnotg rou so; i , A ' . . { , r! l! i i ; i l r r . l l c 1 , 1 ipr 1 l l L l \ t l V K 0 r O l { [ t c ( ' t U O t ' l V flfjlr i{l r.,f)u{r{"}vol-)c), n.[-i.-'ir.rcii ollu)! fiopcr \ ).n n Lrilorjxorjn Oll f.trntllr$io-txLlrt ,,n Otri rut K(lr(rurcut-

o-(;ntile r.ngr:trupllotiq [c]u ^oiKou noprrcnr',r r1Jr()Lr yvroq ol",tr'rg; sitirt v{l lrjvur8n c;o rq.r ulroror,'trigpux ui 72rctu tt oA t t t:7,r o g p,r ttr r:-oriepUv o 1io inds' :r m r l-11\, nmci6rynon x*8e ricpmpeilLlclu &tg sev8l* lfc !. (.t r.a.).noAiio:,rl tl crnupxn {iig oulrK{rorr1L'irgrou Kopl-ltog &tv rva povlv LrvciVL oi l qrL lru t o,<nolLLti, Ll,\-lltr'itrpotfl r-rlronpi76-rcr1-ipla> olov Oxt.tifipto ru t92j. Xro uou, g: <J:L1t opoiroyicl> tt.lu tr. I4cilito. lct$clzolrtrtttnrnirtLr (7.1:]. 9?l : A,ruiyr:utrxr" Xi:prouot h4cLctppt-.8ptI ltnpoqropti n c;xettxti oidrrli" i fxrrinlrcu,ont,rg tr-rnq l,ruoillli)jr.+olr, VI tov x4ltu)lonuplxv tnE uonlxtig Metuf,cr ilou ovo]tootnxe cpYottpo: r,lr:riucrull rou 1i^ >. < K ili-4-ru.riorr )1-r orrorv ne pulttyt'veoreuOepoqrp uvcltppoirrol Ki-tl io- ol/oparft t(ilv 1:rt;qCy-1'6lfltprg Bclprrocltr, Xc4nuoxn, Xuetorrn, Aovrclu, Koi?Li: F..ti rzet ,/:\Liv l-tx.t(]p(')upu ccp,rul rt il()llt rit(1? ll crInxl]011 (Ilpoypopp{rrq) oLov i{otrlo irxr npoorrruf,)i:vrr:g GnXlclovtl o1.o {.1i}v {} vtr[Jri\/r.zr:A:Nr,lv. I" l\te rot,crS (:tr < f dplpol(ryr) r-{}ri 2" 10.1922) (l{ftrcltrnli tlKn s "
r , : r L tL i . I j i l ! , t i i . l , i r ' t rn l : r l 1 l t i l i . 1 i r : i l l l ( l ' l i ; ' ' ' , l'rl;: L :;'ji; r:irr' l,l;,iir-t;llli::pll,
/ l

nlruxici> xcu c;' evru nxoxclpi)qrurpn rou <plr.'eu8eglro oiorl-rouno t.v rcixriLixri utteivrg t-tg 1t[.peE, l.rlrc!,\i.1vijr trrrj r:1 pvntritrn qlpon: <U4lcrr crrrovfi rou igtmloplr,:vr:6 o8r/j ullij0 rng e.\.{ruS|rpjog
-iloIi.,...

j'litltl l 1ii1i\.rlLp,ti i iI.' ,: fJ.r:frii iIrti:j{l

h
ta

To <OxHMA>

'1Y&-

0runoorpfrqyor f. Aeovopdnouog flov. xor (orqv fopyoi4q onevovrr oefo). Hepnoxf rou Mero{ti oro xiv4po 1923 rou 0orov uno;1pe6oer vo xoroqyer oro e{toreprxri
H uprirn -pero rn npooieuon rou npoypopporog- evepylcrUe rnv onoicr xover oro8nrn rnv ttctpouoro rou oS opxnyou (unopxro nov) KoUUcrrog o I. Merof,o.g, yiver oug 3.11.1922. em8o Me orol.n rou rpos rov upofunoupy X. Kpoxr (uou opxrzl pe rn Epcron:<Evepyv ev ovpou ol,oxnpou rou xpporog rotv Eeu0epoqrpvrov orou uoiou extornv rrtrrnvvo nyopor>) uporeiver vo oBei oroug rxozlrevougon to xroxto orporor-

M *exxex;;*xer {ye*y{p{:}st{yw{*q ffiq {*w ffiffiwe;}iexgx*Wpffi\*tu*v lrxwsy#xr$s, *xt;rymxwex xffi &iffi ffi*rirKjlK* {{$xp{:}V$}{*J!|i{3}}"ffiscxfuffip:|ffi nSffi $ {yT{:}w {{3aj

nponpara. trverxrmg eivor or uopo.xoro eyypoeSoro <HpepoLyrorou I. Mercrf,,o>: <I3.4.L923: Enroron Bolrroouznrooo vq uqpoxopnoo rnv roir<norvrou xpporog ers enrpounv. Aur erqeun rnv ouvou)Jo...>. <<I7.4.I923: Auyeqro odu. Boproos.rou eKOrcorcr po.xpv rnv r<c[qoroorv rou x1r1rcuog. Anooupernopoirnoiv rou (...)>. reio nourxog(roug <6>) ro rxoic,tlrorng eqroelUuxrxn xnr,torg. <<29.6.7923:, AuoxeperorolKovorogevmov rng EBvoouveeoeog Bo ovoer- prxoi xpporog>. uou xBei ou trg npooexeigexoyeg. Ilopo),nl,o.: on rov Io)lo rou 1923o I. MeroTo rppo rotv ELeu8epoppvttv eivor unoxpeoouvernrouoreiu n nol,urxn rou xivnon, ro f,,crg pevo vo xover rcr npro rou qrorcr ornv uourxn xppo rou xr pvo ev pioxer rnv ovrouxpron <o1rixn>rng ouyxupiosroD Ig22-23.ev eivor puou npoooxooeoo exero.r emBeoerg l,eg ou' vo <n vo rof,n npoyporov) rrou xer eyxoOrpoer ug neupg: n <Euovootoorg>flLoompo-Iovor, or oxrlrcroieg <<\6.7.1923: YperSon rov evrzeLrxvr(...) rng eeOepng xgpcrong(AvoxorvoBev rou xpponoy ouKogovrio.r ou roug evrzeu<og er<or rog rov Eeu8epoEpvov, n.x. <ro rog rrcrpooKeu- Ueprznv.YpergKcn ouKoecrvriqron roug notrorctzopevcrs exoyrxog vo0eiog>, royporperor epe oKoUpcrrrKoug. Oor evcrvriovUou Kor ey evovriov npcron rng oyoxproicrg on trg orneg rns e{p. rov.Kqr o crgori,rncr! lloov vooroy rov r<No Hppo oug 23.4.1923), ovopoopgrr,tv rouxv iov...>. o p' nveutrrcnc'tv crvorxrg tnyg qu rn Mrr<pong Ko.r unopxer reogo' n ourn rnv fiopcrreropeotctrtKnxnroorpoqrnKor rnv exre.A.eon (6), n orov vn Kol <eneroorqKn>upoexoyrxn nepioo o vuevrzerxn noporof,n roonoopvn, xopig ro <novoxerpoog) Koropuonsrov ouvuoopv: n rng (voog rrrtvuuorpnqriov>. Euorx nyrn rng rov Krovorowivo x.t. EpEovizovrcrl eni nov Kcn rcl npro evoroppauxa <3.10.1923:Mvr,rouirr. Auyeulro unoqngror.

I4

I
Irq peo4, o npo0unoupytig fe6pyrog Kovqq nupoier mov B'ro fetipyro rou xeipevo royyeporog, per opeoog rqv rou onopipoo4 TsruToiou 0To Oqpo 25 orrg 1935 NoeUpiou
pooreeroe Beon xprou opSpourng e{pnp.<florrou, reiq) ro ... <pavrtrtoro)) pro np4rn upoexoyrxn rornpuf,n nou pero.f,,otov enronlroiver
OII:

neov ovorognooo.ero1. <Eivor onourcog yrKn ouprrpof,rgrou r1r1rotog tov Eeu8epoqpvov Ue ro nourxo. otorxeicr n xpporo oo exnpo(...)>. ro or,ruov Eoopv(...) no[rxv uopeov nooo.er<oyrxnou2. <Eivcrronorc,lg ouvcnog Tr voogl>. H epu.\oxn rou I. Merof,o oro xivnpo AeovopnouJtou-fopyol,in, n quyn rou oro ef,,oreprx ror n onoxn rcovovuevrzel.rr<v notrxriv oxnpouopv ev Bo eunpyouv oro uorux UpEopo-x1r1ro vo rov Eeu0epotppvc.tv nctper ro <qmropcl rou nupg> oug exoyegtng 16nS12.1923 yro.ug ouoiegroo eixe rrpoetorpoori,xor opEc^tvo pe opropevegexrrlrnoerg ioog vo nrov ro npro rppo oe er<oyu<nuvolrn oro ovrtevtzerx orporneo.

qp Ymv $muffinfi! *$ffi*$ $\#qxxaxffimq ffi* x{::}{.3 ff$g:**xrx*wx msasm {reJvqsfi&mx$r"$ffisffi9 Kffi$.$$.{:${5ffiw rxp${pffi*K*t${F# ffiffi8.$ * KmwffivK{3$3XXX*pe*rXX ffismq

pe pupof,rg rou r<pporog EeuBepoqrpvtov rcr rc,rv t -tv. unocippcto xuepvnoovrt-rvxoptrtoL oflclprlzopevo ou roug r<upitog rng uueuBuvoug ou ro 1915 Mrrou Uxprrns Enovoorooecog 1922oor<nOeiong xpoorouxngnolxng>. Merof,og 8n eurorpqeriyo uprv ou ro voror vq 3. <To xppo. torv EeuSepoqpvc,tv nporynEropo. rou 1924 rcrv uro q 0o 'xouv xpr8ei. Oo onoex8ei ro vo norouprpof,n exoyrxg xcrr xorq ruov, pe nol.urnovrore ovuevrzerr<oS, xog nopcryoweg, npoxpo. ur< noioro rng ccroieurng Un vnxovrog erg our o.l,Io xor 1rn ovuuBepevoug riog, 8o f,euepooer enl.ooio rou urlern notrxnv nonpos rnv un' cruroot<oouOoulrevnv orn ro r<ppo. qn roug opxnyog rc,tvovuevrrou peiov>. rou: ze-lxv xolrporov (ypoeer oro <Hpepoyr> nver u: o Tnv ln 10.1926 I. Mernf,,og <2.7I.I923(...) Koreorpcrrpn rppcr pou. Avueto <H oulrlreroxn rou xppotos rov treuOepo<ppvrzerxoiopxnyoi xot' epo (...) npopazovrctl rct exoyog ev onpoiver uvo rlrorropou...>)xcrr8o npoonoOnoer clvctouyKpo- vov rSrog enrr<erpvcrg pe noroyn oe exoyrr<n io, [o], poov ev onrnoer ro xppo. rc^lvEeuBepo<ppvc,rv rreproeipoiver eurxpoorv rns onogooeoguepi eEopgoyng egror o1uieg Mor<eovio., oe Oporn r.Ln. (ooreprro rng ovooyrxng rng onoiog ro ouoreeopotcr proxpooreorov Eug 4.11.1925, r<cBg rnv peouoov vo euoxolouBnon r<orvoouleuu- ) nop>rng rxroropiogfloyrdou, o I. Merof,og

15

Hxup6pv4o4 Aepepr(f r<nvooro.0erqvr<orxuepvnoiov rng xpog Oo eivo.r perd r4v o8pro...>. opxolrooio 14g Eivor p<'tg ourn n <euo.porog> orn ovooyrxn
nou qrpver no),urx upoor<nvro I. Mero.f,o. oro rov To xpgo rov Eeu8epoEpv<rtv ouyxevrpver oLrg exoyegmS 7nS 17.1926, L5I.044EnrpougKql Kepizer 51 pegon ug 286.Enrotyoopo ourorou rnpousvov r<'rv ovooyrv- <exoyrxo Spropou> (nou 8o peiver qveuovqLnnrog):o I. Merofi,og opKizeror aug 4.12.7926unoupyg Euynorvoviog orn l,eypevn (olKoupevrxn> r<uepvnon A. Zoiltn. Hn pog ro rppo onerl,eiror pe roouoon. Aroozoupe oro <Hpepoyro): <6.12.1926 XOeg eonpog ouvepioorg xpporog. Tooerg ovropuxcri Bewzo, Boptzrrn, Korgvn, Nrxoiroo. Toug ouvxropero iog (...)>. Etrg 26.5.1927: <Avtopoio xpporgpou. llnpng roonqonperof;u quroKor epo.Ev roooro pe oxoou8ei (...)). tug t2.8.!927i <llpori ooxeErg xpporog. llooi uuovolreouv npog ovripoorv (...). Ey<irenevnv poourg. Erg ro re),og or pou rooovef,ouorornorv eux...>. ev

Ys N**ffioq l97 ffiptww, !" &r?exsfi{x H Loixn erulrnyopicrrng 19nS8.1928Bo oer xs{r xsv $ouffieuxm" Lrmoupv &px,lyo *cog:gxmxeq vo nxnp pouropo oro... <or,trnpo>rng xpog. To r{ffir mee* KoUUorov
$xt/ KtJmpv$nK* truv{ymxs&,!UtnEouS $sT6x! (5,30%) Kol orooro

EeuBepoEpvotv ouyxevrpver 58.958 1 po orn Boun. Xuvrerprlrlrvogon ro onoreopo o b7erng I. Merof,ng nver ornv ee. <lloneicr>:

flopoLno xouv opxioer ylo rov Merof,o xr <oxoropss): (11.12.1926: o.\.eg @ior orcroxoUe ouvpvov ergro pouognorrlrv).<17.S.1g27: Euppon ovBpur,tvzruouwov 8orv ergrnv lloouep, erg rnv E8vrrnv Tponezov, ers rnv Ol,ev, erg ro Ynoupyeiov, ers rous ornpoppoug. Otror proBv, or8orv(...)>. 16.8.7927: <Er<roo1roi. Ko)\og lyer u go Eyer on ro rppo ru ev rov xolrvo unoupyv. Autoi eivol or vor! Ayyenou),og ro irov onerei u Bo Eyer ou ro xppo eov ev rov oEno<,t unoupyv.Auroi eivqr or rroqroi!(...))). To relog tou Ig27 pioxer rov I. Merof,,oou.,eurn, uuoupy r<orapxny xpporog nou perxer orov xuepvnrrx ouvoomop. Ourogonperver o irog oro <Hpepoyr> rou: <<31.12.1927 : Al apxnyg xpporog o1r<prou xornf,,o opxnyg r<gporogroxupo xuepvvrog. Euen0nv. Expornoo rnv Orxoulrevrxnv. Exolro Ue rnv r<upvnorvrou ouvoorrlouo - Eoooctrnv Eoo...>. Au ro Oepouo.pro 1928gog or uoueurg rou roDKoUUcrroS opxizouv vo ro eyxorol.einouv xor vo. ueupizouv ro Aoix r<pgo.

16

oro oeg4 uoroyerg Oo.encrxoouBnoouv exloyrxeg ouoruxieg (: 1932,1933,1935xor 1936) yro vo <nero8ei> o I. Merof,og u Bo npener vo neioer ro ouroro exoyrx opo pe rro qnoreeopouxg xor ooEoeigovuxorvooueuuxgpeOoug yro vo ovopprxnOei ornv ef,ouoio.rou Kcrrvcr rnv rrouorn8ei,r<orqovrog npoxpc[rKn oDrn vroyporrxn rof,n. Kor ro xppo rov Eeu8eporppvr,rv: nptn oe pozi pe rov rpurn rou. Eoon nepvoer ornv cnpovercr (lpoqer o I. Merof,og oro <Hpepoyr> rou <2I.8.1929'.Oovrozovro.r utpiorovror rogrppo.! u Exo rnv oio8non u eivqr roLeluuevow). ous ou qcriverorvo zr,rvroveet yepouorctrng orrxeg exoyg 21ng4.1929. Or Eeu(n Bepgpoveg ,u xerouolreiveron' qu(2,73%)ovoerroS...) 22.578 rpnEoug 1te KvuoDv2 yepouoroorg: Mnoupguorov In r<orrov O. Toupxoooin (<8eouvvcr einouv -onperver o I. u perevnoov or KeEn.L.Lnveg> AnpriMerof,,og oro <Hpepoyr> oug 18-29 rou <Kqrnrv rng eroyrxng pou onoruxios erg rnv rronpovpou norpio (Ke<ponviov) Beropepourv uuxpecov onooup0 oprouxg rns novcr urxng>. <floponopor rng uourxng> rneypoEei orn yuvoixo.rou, <8o znoo neov og crvBponog>...

q Ktfro, npdrq xupepv4orl per Mero[ r4v rqg. opxto;rooio pdvo Eope 16 opv4rrxeg faouq

&rxm Wxxffi6:cxwwpx*f $mme* n&mxx6l*xq xw xmu

x*e, K{}$"*$.sffixq ffipx*q*esv Y& vK&&minmuv w{3 y& &ffx'Km v{x ae*pprm Kffi* nxi$mxxp*ffiexaxw

eipor noou 1929-(Ao ey, xoiror r<ouevuozc.l, qrloof,iov xol evrotppow). u por<puoor r<oBe Eng oul,euuxg exoyg mS 25nS 9.1932 or qnEoug ou' Eeu8eptppoveg nopouv ryrepeg Bo (7,5'/")xor 8o ovo18.591 ,rr oug yepouorouKg: eif,ouv 3 (on roug 250)oueurg. I. xr O ooEororoouooxrlrooBeig Mero.f,,og povo enovpxerol orn Boul,n qo ror opxizero.r (oug 4.11.1932) unoupygEocoreprxv ornv xuepvnon fI. Toopn. To xppa rc'rv Eeu0epoEpvt'rv ouyxevrprirver qrnEoug(2,26"/") orrg eroygrng Sng3.193325.758 xor o.noono6 epeg. Mog einerKor ylcr ug o ouregexoyrKeg crvoperpnoerg(1932,1933)n poprupio rou <Hlrepooyiou> rou I. Merof,,o yrcui oro roornpcrcrurorou(rrnoeus eYYpclqes. pero ro oruxotoH po rou I. Merof,o 8o epOer ro xivnpo rou N. lloornpo ro pou u,rv exoyv rou '33 nou tpcriverorvo. rovoiyer orov opxny rou <neiov f,ngctrpporog rov Eeu8eporppvr,rv Irlpo): <Apxizr,l rov oyvo upooomxdg r<qroBevrzou> -ypoEer oro <Hpepoyr> rou (25.10.32-)

I7

To <OxHMA)
Fupvoro Iepptirv 1937. Mero{fq 15.4.33) I. Merof,ng . <ExtrtFoo pou roroypoug 0 o perov fedpyroB, nou 0o pe Eepn; Ocrpnopeoroey vcrxorooo rov yryowcu trivur xqOnxov uou. Eivor roOnrrov
FOD;).

Kor oEou ndloero' oug rougrvouErov ovrlxorvoouLeuuop KclruS Erorxroroprxg rou rou rooers (8.10.1934: <AvuriBepat e4 tag exoyaE> Bq ner o I. Merof,og orov llpepo rng npor<poriog A. Zoipn <ru 1eop rag xotvooueDtjKaE pe1oug ag rceiag aAuoneeig. To xotvooueurmv noiteupa erp1apnavenavop1cbroE Kaj eov va xarapyn1n. Avoc4rovo vo oxnporioco Kupvnorv xor evrg 48 rrtpv vcr er<xcr8opioo rnv Koroorcrolv Kcn vct noyrool rnv rof,rv Kor rnv yct_ nvnv...>),pero ro <8eio cirpo> rou rrpooeeper rou ro evrze,\rr< r<ivnpo rng 1ng 3.1935,f,exvoerrnv rrtnro rou oS opxnyou xorvooueuuxouxpporog Kcrl ovoo1rover pcron.f)g cruorporog of,ror pouxg xcrr lrnerpognepi ro ouvc,.rpouxo ouvrovt(u[oupyog oveu xoproEuoxiou>ro eyxei_ zer (DS pnpo xoLoorons Krvnporos. rou To xgpcr rcovEeu8epoqrpvc,tv prorozer xer vq f,exooreiornv veo nonrxn upoypouxrnrcl rrou onyei oe ovorponn rns ouvrcrypcrrrxng vop4rrnroE Kor orn povcrpxrxn norvpBoon. 0 lor{prog Ernv euroron nou otevelrl.x. o Mero.f,crg orov Kpoxrog ll.r.. A. Zoipn ong 16.4.1985 vct enronpover yro npo$unoupyq (xpeoKorricur Tn 1sp npoxpcurxou nolueulrorog (1922) r4g cv uuopxcr xopio ovogopo.oureKclvylo rousruEfug frous,oro Koppclrou. (Brpro0{xq rqg Hn ooore,oug 29.8.35, Merof,ogeOeoe o yro Boufg, A0fvo) nprirn gopo enroqrr,rg zrunpo noueror<ng peroong.znToivrcls. orovci,<exnpoonos)) gltlg rou AoqorrxoNopou, exoyegyro oyxnon ouvrcrKnKngouveuong.

q<&wsseffie4ffi ffiwx*xxfimq &" Km*p*"a: rp*q *{ry{s{, #i{ffiffiv#q Sl*ex #swps* T#q M#w#ffi**ffiw.uxxewmq {#q #ff}#{{t*q trf'j{rn,{ffiwqx ;pwffi*ffi*uq

Mro vcrurroruxio ncprpsverrov I. Merof,croLrg exoyg Sng6.1935, mg oug onoiegpororo ev perxouv rq evrzehxo xppcno.. I. Merof,,ng O nyeirqolrng Evtioeag Baototltpovuv, clurouroD eDKolprclKoD ouvoolopou rotv omor<rovqrolrovap_ xrxov uotrxv oxnpouopotv nou ouyxevrpver 152.285 qrnqoug (14,80%) xor crvoerxvuer ou7 eureg. Hn n <EEnpepig rov E),nvr,tv>,tou eixe xut<oEopnoer crn ug 18.b.1gg5 eniontrropycrvo og rng trvtioeog Bcroro<ppv<,tv, npooreuoer eixe

oerpcropBpov ulp rng oorl,eiog ypolrlrevo ou rov I. Merof,,o,o ouoiogev iorooe vo roxnpuf,er ou n (AnlroKporio xcnerponBn on ro nnyporo Kol eKelvov ilou rnv ipuoov xor exeivrrtvuou u_ nnpf,cl or veoeorlorol llrroornprKreg rng>, reur<prvizovrog rcrSeVn(pognou Bq rou oBei <Bo u exr rnv onpooicrv ef,ouoroornoeg rcrvq erou rrovcrqepn,r' oui.ng npof,ec,rg Xuveeuoeog, tng rov ooreo>. Kor o pev ooregfepyrog B Bo enovel.Ocr, ogou xpcroorciopt-rg ovorponcin ouvroyporrxn vo

18

yveg>rou I. Merof,o. ypoEer:<O ovuevrzeropg Ertg 26.1.1936 ev pe BAer. qiloo^ev). Me Ero 65 rou xpvro o Merof,crgexerxa8e yo vcr nlorDt u reppcrrizerurn uonrxn rou orqropopio. <To xppo pou> Bo ucrpoexOei oulrouro oro (13.12.1936) <ef,nOerr,:v exoyorv rou oreplrcrrog roov prxpv rbore vo pn uvctnr vo xer opuyvpnv erri rng puBpioeog rng uonrxng voDocrv xpioeog>. nv <reeuroicr ef,n>pr,tg rnv ner o q8o orrogfepyrog. nou. pe rnv ovoxn oxrov ong rng norrrxngnycoiog Lorv clouNtirv xopporurv.0o ropiocr unoupy rtrrv Erpcrrc'nrxciv pero upoBunoupyrov I. r<or Merof,cr,picr onlrovuxn orcrnonrxn npooollKrrucl uou reooe <rourgcog ouorcrotrr<n oe Kn onoorporeicr>, eixe qnooKrpoorei enovernppevcJsorr ro exoyrx opo xcrr crnepyozovrovou rorp rnv ef,oo orr ro xorvooueunx noirtupo Kor rnv enron rxroropiog. fro ro r<gporr'rv Eeu8epoEpvatv eixe eL0er neov ro unpolro rou xpvou. Me rn povo.pxrxn noi.rvp8roon Kor rnv ovo.ppixnon roD opxnyou rou 0 0eopog ornv ef,ouoioeixe exnnpoer rov <uqrnvnpo- Toupxopooi49 opropv) rou Kol ev eixe nov ooop yo unopf,ng. Xopoxrnprour<eivor ro ucrpoxrco ouorrclopoon rn npooreu0eiooornv eq. <Ee0epov Bnpo (3.2.1936) n}coonrou I. Merof,o: <To r<trr1rcr Eeu0epoEpvtrv rotv uqroioe onrnv (...) H orng crnoNqroorooeog ooreiog. rng Ucriov uoxoroorcroig Kor n roniorotorg xpnorlrrnrns rng ros rou crorrxouOeopo,errnirooov onorog

F'

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ixW&y\&ffiw7ffix*ffi ffi{syK6}#$Tc,fuffim r'$ffis}Vp{$x{$ mrt* Tffi w.ffi& ffiwffi*w**w ffi*w T$xw ffip$trtv *K*av{*3v $t*[: K*$ qfi KXf!*q $ ei wffi*wwffiw ww*w{*r E{yT# F?## p8 ffi* xm{

to[,n, o I. Merof,og progBo xperoorei vo f,crvcrBu[n8ei ro... xppo rctv EeuBepoqpvov. Or oueutrr<eg exoyeg 26nS1.1936 eivcrr mS 0o to <xxvero oopo.>yro ro xppo rov EeuBepo(3,94%)0o onoonooer epovov. Me 50.137 En<poug 7 (on ug 300)epeg. <Nopizrou n pozo rcovexoyeov eivor o8eporleuros reEBcppevn>, ypoger o Meraf,og oro <Hpepoyr> (21. 1936). 1. rou Aur nrqv ro onoreeopouou oEpcryroe erv 13 t<orvooueuuKous riotg nopooxnvroKoDs (oKcrr

rnv niorrv rou.KUpilos. Hn ro xpgcrrtov Eeu0epogpvc,rv ltooov uotrxnv rou xcneuBuvorv ers Urlvesror cruornptbg ror cruox.,erouxcig rnv on uenoiSnorv u crnoreeixoOnxov euuor<uxv r' AougrougEnvegn cvioxuotg rng aoteiag. H eKnnpools rou Ko0nKovrogcrDrou onoreeircrro Kppo rov El,eu8epoEpvr,tv o.nooxoei xu,u ro prdrepov evroqrepov rou, ,u ouyKrvrpovr rnv xuprr,npcrv ourounpoonoOenrv , npooroprKqr zer rov xopoxrnpcr Kot rnv Seorvrou og uournou Kopuflos). I

19

lffi
Hxupepvrlo4 Mcro(o Mfpno 1936 r4voo0evcro ro per rou rou K.Aepepr({. Aprorepf Mero{ pevl(erxrlq Mnevfr4g. rou o Avr. Aroxplvovror orunoupyoi Ilonopqydnouog oxtipq Ir. (Nourrx6v), X.Ilovoyratrdxoq (rorxnrriq Hnefpou), (Kporrxrig A.Kovr{q Yyrevdg Avrr{rlreoq), xor f. AoyoOer4g (Eooreprxtirv), F. (0rxovoprx6v), Mor(opivog (Iuyxorvoviog)Il. A.0txovripou xor (E0vrxrjg Acxf(og 0rxovopiog)

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0 Kor(rg unoelerol roxn rclv leppovrilv Kcrrrov ftorilv, evri oo peoro oepopplo pog rou irou opxeiou onoo8nre xqro rn Moxn rov unoupyri Kpnrng. To tl,npeorepo xor ououqrrepoerng Ilponoyvog nvrx xpoux opxeio rng neprou eivor ior,rgou14g 1rreplxlig rng e),nvrrng upeoeiog oro Aovivo, pepog r feppovioqrou ouoiou eupior<ercrr [pooofirx oro opxeio ro fxepneq. Envo npeoeurn oro ovivo rre Xopoolrnou Ir4 peoq: Erlrnouou nou onxeuo.r oro floveurornpro rng o Mero{q xord O[Epng. Ero opxeio rou Erlruou],oueupior<ovrnr r4venioxe{frou ovriypogo rrov er<8oeotv rov mi,eypoEnporov Kcn or4v Ayxupo rou npos rov MeLof,,o.. onoiog nrov xor unoupyE o enl0etopei Ef,oneprxv,xoBritgror uogeurorog, xerproupxrxri oyqlro ypoqSor ueproorepeg, Mero.f,oupog rov iro. rou ouvoeupevog on rov Tn onlrovuxrepn ioog tnyn yro ro ev yroznrnnpal0 unoupydpo. onoreei ro o.pxeiorou uuoupyeiou Ef,coreprr<tov T(e Mnoyrfp rou Hvr,tlrvouBqoreiou nou ovo.gperol ornv rr0e, ef,,otiogrrrlvorevv oxexolrovunoupyripioo uou ef,erozeror oeov nu rornpooen perovrxn r<upvnon e{oreprxrrtv rng Pouoro Aptig noxns 1rernv envrxn xuepvnon, oo xor pe

An ug erionpos ourg nnyeg, o.o qxor r ro ul,nSog rov Ko8e eioug ovenionpotv nnytiv, npoocrn cf,,o.tcpu<n uourxn rng eLnvrxng xuepvnoeotg rng rroxng,xuprrepo.xopoKrnpronr<orng onoiog nrov fecpyroB'xo.r orexnrng evrzerr<ng noporov: o) n npoono8erorng vo ef,ooqoioer,pe rlporof,,e<og. ovriororxo opxeio rou unoupyeiou Ef,oTo roouiorou irou rou npr,r8unoupyo, oulrorrrn reprxv rrrry HIIA ev npoo8erer ororxeiq rroD vcr xn uuoornprf,n rng Bperoviog yro vo ef,ouereproEoponorouvrnv err<vo nou oxnlrorizeror crurn oer rnv quern xoro. rng eotprxngor<epcrrrnrog pern rcovel,nvrxv Kor rc)v perovrxrilv eyyporng El,crog ou rnv ftoio Kor ) n npoouoBero Erov.Xpno4reg eivo.rxor or <Aeur<g Bi),ou nou erng vo rornpnoerErxg oxoergpe rn leppovio, f,,ooovro uuoupyeio Ef,otreprrv rng E.loog ro yro ro yo r<upir'rg n xpo ourn onoppoEooe u 1940ror our rng feppoviog ro 1941,r<o8g xar ro on rnv Eoo peyoo ppog rng ncrpoyroyng rcryypogo rcovopxeir,rvrrrlv unoupyeir,tvEf,toreprxv rvou, rov ouoio r<o1loon xpo, oure n Bperorng leppovios Kor rns Iroiog nou rooOnxov. vio, ev nrov roreBerlrvn erooyoyer. vo ftrotrur4roeivor, rog,ro npepolyro nou r<porooe Atrog peizorv otxog rng ef,c,treprxngno.Ltrr<ng o Merof,,og Kol rrou exBnxe pero ro Ouvor rou rng Eoognrov n ef,ouedporn rng anerl,ng oxopis vo uuoorei ooroerg o.uroug en4renreg n rnv ovoSeorpnrrxnBouyopio, oe ouvepyooio.pe rou, nctgnpoxnrer on rnv ovluopool,n rou pe rn frouyxoooio, tn Poqrcrvio Kor rnv Toupxio ro nptorrunouou guooocrororo cpnpo rou opxciKol oro no.ioroevg o.xovrxooulrEvou nou ou rng EON nou rqoBnxeKql rou olxenor ornv eixe xnpovolrnoer n xupvnon rou Merof,cr on Iotoprxn ror E8vooyrxn Erorpeia rng Eoog. us poKoroxousrns. O nprog orxogrng el,nvrxng ef,,oreprxng uoM enxoppx$m rmffitrryrp{3{&et,l urxng, nqn n ef,ooEronrng perovrxng uNca; rmq ixmffisq gxlm mxmw ffipeqnmeu&e\{{{yeJvxcfup&ffevi} noornpif,,eo4 vovu rng euextour<ng Iroiog, nrov rj*x, ovonpootogxor <nopoooroxg>. ovonpoorog ryxow k1exss mef*xr*K, #vr*mffim* rnv worq u n evo),),qxunn on ruqg ous, r$*; Ire oroouxo, n unoyotyn rng Eoogorn oEoipo emppong rng hoiog, nog o.orcre nprervcrvor

A0rivo, Noeppprog 0 upooconrr<g nprerveoro Bpercrv upeoeurnornv 1938. Mero{69, r4v ABnvo vcrouvcrpBeioUDvuKn ouppoxio perof,u rng un rrr4ro Eloog Kor rns Bperoviog,clore vo oOein uvn- roua4 unoupyo rtnro oug uo xpeg vo rrporrorpooroveyr<oiprog EIoreprxtirv, 6yo or4 yro to evexpevo uoepouorn Meoyero,orov o- exgovei rorv noio n Bperovicr Bo incrv ovrrUerorrn pe rnv Iroio rfore{4 rov Kor ovoyKcropevn znrnoer rnv Dnoornprf,n rng unoupyriv vo rou 1t'rptilv-petiv Eoog. perovrr<nxupvnon rre ev eooe H Buxovrxo ouvxeto. ornv nproon rou Merof,o, enrxooulrevn Iuprptirvou. rnv nopoooror<nnotrr<n rng Bperoviog vcr pn Op0rog xpo oro ouvonrer oul4roxieg oe xcrrperpnvng r<oreuein e4r o rng Eohooi KClr pnopooe vo euizer ornv Dnoornprf,,n reu0uvrfg og xor x,ryig ouppoxio, ef,,ouiogrov orevv oxevopuxog euEIoreptxo oeov pero.f,,u rr,rv o xorpv pero rnv novpOio- Tnou xovrov opropevor l-rtirpyog on rng povcrpxicrgornv Eo.oKcrr rng nvoyxng Ieqepnq Boulroorg rns eoororrKnS lLoiog. evrzer- rng Eoogvo.ornpizeror orn Bperovio yrcrvo ef,ouerepoerrnv tcr}rxn o.nern. H perovrxn <uoxng rupirog npoeeoer,rg, xuepvnon, ef,crou, enrBulrouoe ouvcrqrer ev vcr poooror<g> enern onppee on e oulrlrcxio pe Urcrrxtoroprxn xuepvnon ylcl v' ornv xoBrepr,rlrevn rre er<ripnon rov xuepvnoeov rroeuyer uS eurxpioerg oro Korvoouroxor rov Tumg trcrog n xpo nrov unoxpeopevn, 0rSeK u uo rng Bperoviog.Aogyog,ior'lgo r<uprrepog, rns ysoyperKngrng Boeorg, enrrxer rn !prvo ouvoqec,-rg ouppoxiog ue rnv Yro rnv OIIOQDYn rxn oxon Kol, oe xorp uo1rou, uroornprrnv Eoorre, oo r<oropyrepo,pero rnv xpnf,,n peyong exeivng uvolreog uou neyxe ug [n rng rou uopou, nrov n ouvo1rio.rng Bperoviog vo Booooteg eurxorvovieg ornv Avctorr<nMeoyero. percr nopooxet ouoroouxn orpouorur<n onOero ornv H ovoyxn ourn yrve euuoxuxn rov, euOug EIoq ror n euriof,n vo Un yiver ovunurn ournv expnf,n rou B' Iloyxoopiou lloepou ro Xemepprorou 1939,n Bperovio eneoero Bcrcro- rn n ouvopio, roo oro ef,oreprx oo xqr oro eorrneprx. Orov rerxo xperoornr<e perovrr<n n xuoroonoxeroprng nnerpc,mxngEuprns yro vo epvnon, roug nproug pnveg rou 1941, vn ef,ornf,er rn feppovio. r<oror ou Ooooong ef,,oycoyeg rnv onooron orpououxtiv uvopeolv otpcrioer ror erooyoyg Eoog rng nrov nov orn roxprornv ELoq ev qer rng nvolrevpevng enr8oeiog on rng Bperoviog. o.n rn leppovio, tpovnxe noo xpnorlrn Bcrnrcv pro rroro oulrlroxicr,enern Bcrreuxuve ourn rpoonnBercr ef,,ooqororei oulrauvo n perof,u rr,rv uo xrlporv yrcr rn ouyxprnxn ornprf,n orn Bpcrovio cixc orpcrnpio vepycroicr on eyxcript onoleeopouxng rg opuvrrxns Ypopuns rnv crr8ronrxnxpion rou 1935-1936, rqv n Bperovicreixe ef,oo<poioer, ov1rorr evovriov rov feppcrvcirv,orr,rKor U uE uvnperg ) ev LngKorvt-rvtog tt-rv EBvtirv.rn oullpcToxn mg Eoogoug xupoerg evovriov rng hoiog, ffi rNpci*armq {vtl}Kffiq ffirgir*ffiwrm*}q ffiq ffi{:FnffipK.q perornv eni0eon rng reeuroiog rov Oxrpro rou *x**ffixx*;xranq ffi ffiq#cyry{xffiawx"r l!:$gxwvcxwll*erxq mirffiw x*rq 1935 xqro rng Ar0roniog. H xupvnon rou MeroVWW$ ffir"ffiKffiKsTq il,$tr3#{Fx}$:}Xffimq KFsq $Xffif$$mq f,o ouvxroernv uourxn rov npoxorxotv xuepvnoearv xpog,rov Orrpro po.l,rororou 1938, rng eu8ugpero rnv xpion rou Movcrxou,o Merof,og

23

*ru* *ft.

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rl 4

To <Oxtn
0lpo0unoupyrig l. Mcro{tig oro nou n Eogeixe orn ro8eon rng, Kclr0, crnerpe_ ufroo(" 1n ns ioos rn oocrpn rnv otpououxn xor uotrrn xpion Aexepppiou nou exnciiBnKe 1936. ornv Etroo tov Anpiro rou Aelrfrouo 1941.Tre qrovnxexor n enynevgroxupoucwvoop;1og pg, mogo Merof,crg otoiog nBcrve Iclou(o rov Ioxeopfou roD 1941),nou Bcrpnopouoe ioug vcrouyKpctopro
rnoel rnv xcnoorcron Kcn vcr npooerrn rcrluon r-orJ orpoTou rousNporoug. Kor H nourNn rng envrNng Nuepvnoeosevcvrr rng ftoioE nrov emenpvnon rnv npoxnrrxn uourxn rng norxng Nuepvnoecog evovriov rng EAooE. orrooKorlouoc onlv npolopooNcun rns xopcls yrcr ro evex1revo uopou pe rnv fto_ io, orov ouoio crorxeprolrorng trooggo nrov n orpouortKn Kcll vourlKn unoornprf,n crnrn Bperovicr.H hoicr nrov peyon uvcrlrnKot crKo-

ffi,::

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q\:*vz1 iit'; {t,;.1'y:::l:i*; i4 **ilsqrn* ;*1 frrt$rlq:r; **x* *p*** #g*{Fti !:t it:i: :tr.;'{.t.tz:ri;;.t}{,{i};t?*q Tir.t, ,r.{i{; *v*vi* T*{ ;"{ri'ji*t; {.t}t i3p*'txr;it:r.

vrxn xuepvnon yvprze -Kot n yeppcrvrxnxuepvnon rucv oe Oeonvo yvcopizer Beon rng el,n_ tn vrxng xuepvnoeotg- n trogeixe <exxopnBer> u crro ro feppov xcryxecrpro Atrgo Xitep ornv ftoio rou Mneviro Mouooivr Ncrru n nonrNn rng feppcrvinsevovrl rng Eoog nrov pnpogtng lpooronKnglroing. uourxn, reog,tng Ecrog evovu riov xFpootuv yottovoiv rns oTlooKoftouoc ornv ef,ouercpoon rng ouyoprxnE ovoBcopnrrxng norrrxng. onoio orpcn rng Ercrveu8eogr<orcr eoqrxng oKepororruog rns xopog. To BoNovrx EulrEovo rou 1934,nou oDVnrUe trogpe rnv Toupr<io, pou_ n rn poviu xor rn ftouyxoooiq, Nor ro ouvcrxouOo orporrcoux oulreovo xouurov rnv Ecro crurn ouyo.prNn ouern, evoton BouyopicrrropUeve ctnopovu,Urvn. An tn oltvun oUoS uou n ouyoprxn xupvnon opxroe vcl epororpo-

ouOouoe euexrcrrxn notrxn, r<orn xupvnon rnE EAoogntov ovcryxnolrevn n vq unqxBei orn orpoipcrrrtppong rng hcricrgKor vcr [eprUevsr Ko_ ronqm vnotov rng crnrn Bperovio oe uepinrcoon oyyoirorNounoepou,n vo nopopeiver runrxn ouerepncrcr ouoroour<n npooeepevnorn Bpe_ roviq. H envrxn xuepvnon nporipnoe rn eurepn euroyn, rnv onoio eorvorov vo rlporr]ro Kor n ouvrptuuxn nerovrnro rou e,\.nvrxouoo. H nourxn rng Eoogvcvu rng leppovrog rnv iro enoxn eixe opeon oxon LrTnv nourxn rng xopos rvclvu rns hoiog Kr rns Bpercrviog. nrov Errxn xor Bo nopepeveqrrrxnevoo ncrpeprevov qrrrr<g oxeoersrng EAoogpe rnv hoicr ol Kor rng BperoviogU rnv ftoio n rn leppcrvicr.Or oxeoersmg Ecrog rn feppovio nrov or oxetrre oerspros UrKpnSxpoE pe pro peycrnuvo1rn,n otroro. evtrrvrt rnv tttoxn ourn ro Ooqroop n xor ro eogoe xpeg noumo roxupesxor nouoregcrno mv Eoa Kclr pe rnv ouoio n Ecrqnrnv utroxpeolrevn vo rornpei Ncrg oxeoergyro vcr roxe_ reuer peyoo lrpos rov ef,oyioyvrng. Or ernoKrVsrSornv AOnvo uqmoBprrwcrf,rotlrcuouxtov rng yplrovrxns xuepvnoeog qvrcrvoxoocvrnv [po_ onqBerornE feppovicrg vcr ntiioerrnv nopouoio rng oe plo xoJpops rnv onoicreixe oporoiog ono_ ouxg sproprKSouvooyeg ror ro evrcrqepov rns yevrKos yro uS ef,eif,eE orn vouoovcnorNn Eupun, n onoio onoreouoe rroxnourn, nrog rnv Aeyrov, <qxovKnno)rng feppoviog. H eAnro

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24

irou xcLrrorv nonrxcirv Kor DrrnpeoroKov oDUor,rv rou, orepcrcrnrnv opSooyrxnovouon Ltovrtov eopvr,rv. ev xnrn<pepe Merof,og,oo utogeur8upouoeroxocirg, Kpornorrov nepo vo poxprcrcrnrnv Eoo' ocrev puopei vcr {povroorei xnveig uc'tgnrov uvor vo xpcnnBein xpo porpro orr rn ivn uou ouyKvrzcrnv Eupnn oxnpn, xopig vo unoroyei pe rn Benon rng xuepvnoeg rng. O irog o Merof,og ef,,nynoe yro rous onoious crrro(pooroe uoeroug youg, vcr rrcrpo vcr Unocr n trAogKor vo neoer noeptirvrcrs, unoouofei pe rn Oenonrng xoepvnoedg rng. Av cruoexrcrv uolr reeoiypo.tpo uorxng ro rng xuepvnoerog,KuUouor nog, ei<rgor rnv Korctroxvn uou eoyoOcr o.ro8qvovrov Enveg, or n Eog8o yrvrov opo r,rvrr,rv elruoe1rtov. H ruepvnoergrng hoicrgKor rns feppoviog Kcnvcr ef,eiooeror xpo oputpoprxn rng feppoviog oe ror rov rerxq Eovnxe vo. reuBereiug rotpopeg rns Uern lrouyxoooiq, ro Boxovrx Eulrqrovo rou 1934 eilquot vo ef,uunperei ouoroouxcr rnv Ei,cto ror oE8nxe vo ctovnoer' eyxnroeiq8nt<c. LovenreortiBnxov xo.norcE opxrxgeKrrUnoerg n Boutryo.pio.8' u onerooe rougyeirovegrng oe onre trrvo ouvepyooio Ue Uro peyon uvcrtrrn, ro opEr,rvo ev Bcreixe of,,royou onorpenuNn of,io.,ror u rcr ronrxo ouUeovo nurgour nrov xpno4ro evot'ror peyoeguvoperg o.nEeuyovvo perof, rov Urepuor<ov oug rorrrKesrcrqopg xptilv xcopcilv. H envrxn xoepvnon rng enoxngoxoo8noe, norg eixvouv o rcrroBeo4ror<orof,rmoro ororxeio, uonrxn nou xprve nrog ef,unnperouoe TcluqnorclcOvrxo oupeepovLoxcn rnv npn rng xpcrg.O npo8uuoupygrng xtipog eneef,,e ouln rnv

q* W w.ffiffimw deJffi w$r#*T {:x f*qx lttw'rxffii$m Kffi 'l,qffi K{:} a;ffi ffi 8y$ tl*ff1$r'$3}#e*Nrmm ffiffit &"aq"Wfiwffi ffill*q xe:x a*$x*:rxex wffiwxw,* ffielgry&W*l/{:; ffiwx$$JEr K{s*p$q K{$* rr}q

pe uourr<n oon us exr4rnoers rol)

ftqio 0o xoreo.povernv KevrprKn Ecrcr xnr ro Enrcrvnoo,n Bouycrpicr oneuevo xqro.o8q er rn Mo.xeovio xor rn Opoxn, ev n Bperovicr ev B' crpyouoe xorcrqer vcr rnv Kpnrn xor ioog Kctr rnv lleouvvnoo, xo0g xcrr vnorcr tou Aryoiou. Me rn xpo rcrperopvn, rn 0non Ue rng r<uepvnoecbg or Enveg Bcrroono.zorng, vrov, nrogr<orxqro"rov A lloyxopro llAepo, pe ono ro peovrng eBvrxng roug xupropxiog, ovef,o.prnrorg eNnoeogrou lopou. Avo.oyrrng zpevogvo rroro zogep pe),ovyrcr rn xr^rpo, o Merof,crg erprve u nrov lpouprspo yro rous Enveg vo noepnoouv evoilrevorKol vo Kupreupe Bei n Ecrg ro o evorpvo, nopo vo unoxqtouv orov exroopKor vo orrlroorouy exBerovrog oe xivuvo rcr uUnorcloulrEpovro rng xpog. rxrorilp, no1nog KoUUoDvroUoD rou KolvoroD Kcrr ou),euuopo, oo rxovg orpcnrorrxg Kclr U rnv neuoi0non u n nolrxn nou eixe euref,er nrov n pvn oolorn yro ro. e8vrxo oulrqrpovrcr xcrr rnv of,ronpeuero xpog, o Merof,ogeixe rnv oirns o8non er<eivn porpoio vxrcrtou Oxropiou rou rn 1940u oe exeivov eixe qxer n r4tn vo prnoer ef, ovlrorog covrrov Envr,rv,eorog c'tv u yro nprn tpopcr ef,eqpozero ovoorou oo uou r<uepvouoe.
'HMEIOEH To op8po ooizeror orn pern rou ouyyporpog H Atxrutopia rcu Metaf,a t<at o lltpog rou '40, Oeooo.\ovixn, ex. llopornpnrns, 1996.

0lotiw4g Mero{fg oro pfpoxorf 14 rov rfpxero exqtioeov nou dyrvov orov yro Ilop0evtirvo ro 100lprivro rqg Aplorooyrxlig Erorpefog

25

llpo:on,q

Iovmg Merof,g
I

(1871-1941)
O l. Mero[q Korqy6rcv on6 rnv K(Pdovt6, o^ yGwfrenKe ornv loxn, 6nou unnperooe o nor6pog rou oq 6nopxos. To l89O qno(Poirnoe on6 Tn lxol6 Euenirv Fe ro Bo0p6 rou ov0unooxoyo Kor ro 1894 on Tn >,xo^n Mnxcvrxrlv. :Tov no5Fo rou lggz unnp6Tnoe qro enlreAeio rou lddxou Ktrrvorowivou. O Bcvt(6oq rov rono0erei opv6Tepo unoonlqrh Tou. tuFFereixa ro f912 ann AtooKeqrn rou Aovivou, To l9l3 npore|v ox6to Vlo rnv orgv|rqorrKh xornqrn r(|,v Aopov^iov xor ro 192O dpxloe rnv noAlnrf rou Kopr6po, xovTos oorxri rou e6on rnv owi0eofi rou oTn Mrxpooronxli exorporio, nlipe F6poq, ouvxpor6vros ro x|IFo rrv E^uoepo.Dpvr,rv, ong exoy6q rou 1926 Kol orn ouvxero ouFpTeixe ornv otxougavlKli lru6pvnon rou A 6qavpou ZoiFn. Mer ro KivnFo Tou t935 6ylve unoupy6g trporlorrlxdrv ornv xu6pvnon Aepepr(ri. Me ro e6vqro "ou AFepr(ri, rov Anpilo rou 1936, oxnurroe xu6pvnon ovoou6vovroc rnv npoeunoupyid, npoerotF6(owoq rnv enrori Tou tKTcropll<o Ko0ordrroq. H oeopFfr 6onxe rov Avouoro rou itou roug pe ro Vcyovoro rns Oooq^oviKnq ror rn peyn novelotxh onepyio nou Gixe qovyrgei vro rrs 5.8.1936. MG rnv 6yxpron rou l'eopyiou B'qv6orel^e, Tnv 4n Auyoorou 1936, 6popo rou luvr6yparoq xol r6Auoe rn Bouft. Axooenoe nolrlxfi er^trfr npoq rq xqoecrdrro Mouoo^iu xol Xirep, o^^ rourxpovo rppovrroc yto rn ovdqrn orcv(iv ox6oeov Fe rnv Ayyiq. :uv6eoe T6J\oqro vop6 rou Uc ro Fey6o Oxr rng EM6oS orov trorK6 goorop6 xol n60ove iyo npff on Tnv loon r(.v yeppovrxtv orporeupTrv

Eeu8prog Bevzog KrovorawivogA

(1864-1936)

(1868-1e23)
BooilrS rolv Elivr,rv, yewnp6vog ornv Aehvd. A6oKooi Tou hTov, Hcro6 6(,|v, or K. noEqppnynouAoq rol Ir. Irp6lr, :xo^li eoiTnoe orn lrporlorlxfi Eue^niov, ornv AKonFio llo^6pou rou Bepo^ivou Kol oro novenlorhplo rnq rqrioq Kol tnq Xqie6pvnq, 6nou ndpoKooonoe pooligoro llontxdrv Enrmnydrv. H yvoprpio rou Mero!6 pe ro roxo eixc ouv6neto vd ordci o np6roq, pe nop6poon rou Krvorowivou, yto nepo|T6p(|, onou6q oro Bpoivo, xor6 rn r6pKerq rorv onoiov on6xrnoe ro oop6 Tou unooxoyo. O Krrlvorovrivoq opvvroe ro orpor rng xtilpcq xol nyriOnl<e 6rot onq peyeq vixeq rorv BoKovtKov llo6prov. O Merolrig ouvr6xenKe Ug rov Korvorowivo gvowiov rng oupperoxlig rnq EMooq orov n^po Ue ro F6poq r(|)v Ayy^oyoMov, 6n(,)q (nrooc nleonr6 o Bvl(6 oq, xot rrrn ouvxcro nporoorrnoe oro yeyov6ro rou Axoopo (l91 5.1 91 71, ouooF6vovros rnv opyvron rov <prAlxrirvnpos Tov Krvorowivo eniorporov oo;r6rrrrv. Me rnv qron rou Krovorovrivou ro l9l7 o Mero{6q EqopiornKe |Io(i lle ^AouS ooilrKoq ornv Kopol[h, ont6nou pon6reuoe xororpeyowoq opxtxd orn lopnvio Kot orn ouv6xetc orn:t6vo l<dl rn .D^rpcwio. ErtS 6 AKaupiou i92O o Krvorowivoq nov6^e oro Opvo fiot ro 1922, pcrfl rnv xqr6ppauon rou perdrnou, Tn Mrfipqotorlxfi Koroorpo<pfi xol ro orporlrrlK6 xivn;ro rou :enrcppiou, o Kovorowivoq, o Fto npoonoeeto vo e^yqr rnv rpion, nrvri0nxe ylo ro oxnporroil ru6pvnonq un6 Tov lrwn Mrdqo, oM6 ong 14 lanrcF8piou 1922, orepq on6 onoiTnon rou lloor|ipo noporrnenl(e xor 6guye vto ro nqpFo rns frKG^ioq 6nou eyKoroorcgnKe. EKei rSoovc ro No6pplo rou 1923, evd, n oopq rou perogponxe opyrepo oro Tarr.

To 1909, y, Tou orporrtlrlxo Krvn1roroq oro foui, o MToqq Feror60nKe o Fovoo rng Aplooq ylo vo enrorp6qrt ornv AOfivq Fe rnv ov^nn rnq nproounoupyioq ono rov Eu06pto Bevrq6^o. Eivor n enoxft nou o Bvtg6^oq 6pxeror oe ouFtooF F rov fedrpvro, onr, orepa on6 onoirnon rou Te^euroiou, Kvt rov Mero{6 npdrro unoonlorh Tou. Tour6xpovo, Tou ovooeret vo nporotF6ol Foqi Fe 6^^ouq olrtlporlxog rov e^ nv|K orporo ylo rouq roeolvFevous fin rre BdKovlKoC noUouq. nop ro VeyovS 6u o Merolq ee(,)pooe nporlporepn rnv ourovopn oyrpouon rnq E^ 6oq Ue rnv Oorrrp.rovlxli Auroxporopio, Kor 6xr USoo oro noiolo rou Boxovlxo >u$<p6vou, n ouvepvooiq rou F Tov Bevl(6^o unnps, rnv enoxi eKivn, onpdoxonrn xol rrdirepc onoortxh. Erot, cnq nopoyov6q r(|,v Borovrxv no^Frv opiornxe orporrrrlKos dKoouoos orn Lotplo xot ile rnv 6vopqn rtov exoponpcfldrv peror6onxe oro Etreio rou Kovorovrivou. O Bsvl(6^oq, unoornplKThq rnq elo6ou rng EMog orov A' novl<opto n6^epo oro n^upo rng Aw6vr, frpOe oe phqn Fe rov Krrrvorovrivo nou frTov onoC TnS .ouTeprnroq. on6vowl orouq Fno^6FouS. Me ro KivnFo rnq AnFoxportKfq AFUvoS ro 19i6 oxnp6rtoc llpooorpvf Ku6pvnon orn Oeooo^oviKn, npox6eoe rnv exopovron rou Kovorcvrivou A'Fe nop6troon rns Awow Kot 60 Tnv E^66o orov noepo. H ouuFeroxn rou Bevr(6ou orov onoruxdv KivnFo Tou '35 ou;rninrel ;re rnv ov6rqn rou Meroq ornv eqouoio, evdr xot o O6vor6q rou ro Mprlo rou 1936 eeuoepdrvel ouoroorlx6 ro ppo ylo rn rxroropic rnq 4nS Auyoorou.

l
\

fepyrogB'
(1890-1947)
O f6pyros, pe rrq oupou69 xor rnv nopqKivnon rov Bperovdrv, npoon6gnoe vo enovorp6per rnv no^rrrKn opoArnro Korrn ouvoivon per6 ro KivnFo rou'35. Av60eoe oro lrerpronooh K. AUepr(ri ro oxnporrop xu6pvnong. Or exoy6g rou 1936 eEpov ro npygoro oe vo or6qoo.To Or^e^eeepo KFFo onorrooe rnv enqvo<poptt rrv KunForrdrv oro orpor, Gvd, To EevlKo ^oiK KoFIro olrrrpooc xor po(i rou ouw6ooowov or ev cvepyeio ofroporrxoi, or onoior onerooov oKFn I(or l.rG npofrxnnpo, oe nepinrron cnovo(Popds rrlrv onToxrrv. H Kor6croon oqv0ntre, 6rov o ny6rnq rtrtv evrqetuKov O. Logo^nq 6p0e oe ouFervio FG ro KKE. O A. Ilon6yog, nou oro FerqE cix roprorei unoupyg >,TporrrrrKdrv, ovo[oivuroe orov fedrpyro n o orporq ev 0c ovex6rov xopic Aon oro nornx6 or6qoo, nou Oo oor(ruv ('rnv qrfqo rov l(oFFouv|('rdrv. O fc6pyros rT 6rroferov nondyo xor r6proe unoupy :rgorrr,rrrxdrv rov l. Mero{,, O6ovroq [60(lt ouro vo evqer ro orpor xor vo onorpler nrOov npolrxnn;ro, ro onoio 0o cuv6rr(e rn O6on rou. Mer To ovoro rou AeFcpr(fr, orrC 25 Anpriou rou 1936, o fsdrpyroq rproe npo0unoupy6 rov l. Merof, o onoioq orq 4 Auyosrou, enrxo^oUevoq Tov Koppouvronl< Kivuvo Kor ro npnpo rov onroKT(|,v, en6oe rn rxroropio rou. H evpyel rou ourfl 6ylve oe ouvcwonon pe rov l'edrpyro rol pe 6yxpron tou reJteuroiou, KoO(i|So oorfu6q og'ev6s neee vo aqo.pd^ior rn ornprqn rou orporo xor rouroxpvoq nroovv vo rxovonoriocr rrq oyy^r|(6q onqrcrqyro rnv enloli loxupo srporrrrrxo xooeordlrog, To onoio Oo e^eyxorov nAfrporq on6 ro 00r^16.

flovcyng Too.Lopng
(1868-1e36)
E^ nvoq norrrKS xor vo;rxq. fewnonKe oro KqFopr rnq Koprueiqs. Enooo ornv A0fivo, ro l'x6nyxev, ro Bpoivo, Tn ^arqrio Kor ro nopior, An ro 1893 rKnyopooe ornv Aeftvo Kor ro 191O e[eA6yn oueurhq Koprv0ioq. To 1915 6yrv unoupy6q Arxoloovnq xor ro 192O unoupy6q Euyxorvorvrriv. lo 1922 ov6os rnv nyeoio rou Aoixo K6$Foroq Kor KoorepdrenK oov o Kpros Knpoornos T(|,y Boorogp6vrrrv. Hrov unoupy6g Eooreprxrilv ornv orKouFcvrxn Ku6pvnon Zoiyn (1926| xor ro Eenr6ppro rou 1932 oxnp6TroE xu6pvnon oe ouvepyooio Fc ro Eevrx Pr(oonorrnx6 K6pyo xor rouq E0uK6epovsq. O Mero{69 ov6qe unoupv6s EorreprKdrv crnv Ku6pvnon Ilovoyf Too^6pn xor oupgereixe ong xloyq rou 1933, ex6yovroq 6lr ou^eurS. O Meroqoq nporiFno vo Fn ou;r;reroxer orn v6o Kupvnon Kdr, F6oo on Fro oerp6 pOptov rou rrrnv cAnFepio .KoOnFeprvn., 6pxroe ;rro ogopn eniecon oe poq rou Beu(^ou Fe ovrrxaipevo ro popoux6 yeyovro rns neprou 1915-1922. To Mprro rou 1933 o Too6pnq oxnFarroe Ku6punon oe ouvepyooio pe rov Kov6rin. Me ro v6o npc$x6nnpo rnS lOnS OKropiou 1935, ov6repor qorrroi oqrr,lFqrrroi ovTpeov, un rnv Koeonynon rou KovAn Kor rou llonyou, rnv Ku6pvnon Too^6pn, o onoioq noove ro enFevo roq, xpovr xopoxrnprcrrxf yro To e^ nvrK norrrK npyForo, Koedtq 6xoupe enionq ro Odvoro rou Bavr(6ou, Tou AeFepr(6 ror rn rrroropio METoq,.

Krovouovuivos Aepepzrg
(1876-1936)
FewfiOnre ornv Aorivo. :noaoE NoFrfi oo novenrorfFro Agnvdrv fior oro novenrorhFro rou Mov6xou. Aropiorn[e opxrK6 u(Pnynrtrq rou PrFoixo Arxoiou Kor ro 1928 Kor6 oe rnv 6po rou Orxoyeveroxo ArKoiou orn NoFrl(h :xo^h rou llovenrornpiou A0nv6v. To l9l0 cx^6xenKE yld npdrn (Pop oueurhq pe ro x6ggc rurv OrAeleu06pov. To 1912 nruxc rnv enovex^ovf Tou Kor ro 1913 ov6^oe ro unoupyeio Nourrxdrv ornv xu6pynon Eeuoepiou Bevr(6Aou. To iro unoupYcio ov oa el( vou ro {917 ornv Ku6punon Zdiirn xnr ro 1924 ouyKp6rnoe To (Evoflr6 llpoo6eunx6 KpFo", x@piq oror6oo vo ougperoxer onq exoy6g. I-ro recurqi(t (Pop unnpqc F6loq rou eMnvrxo Korvoouiou xord rnv nepioo 1926-28,, Koodrq orn ouvxerd onooponxe ouoroonx6 on rnv norrxft (r,rfrnritq ro No6Fpro rou 1935, Her6 rnv en6voo rou oorr6 fe(|)pyiou B', on6re ov6oe ro oxnporrop unnpeorcxriq rupvnong ge oxon rn rEqqY(|rYn ornrrv aK^oyv. Koedrq, p(|)s, ro onor6oFo rrv eKoydrv rnq 26nq I .1 936 oliynoe oe rooqrn(pio rrv o pey6rrt. xopprov srn Bou^ri (Bev|(eNxoi Kor ovfrv|Gllxoi Kor6oov ox66v ro6prguq oueurrx6q 6peqn Kcerorovroq puoFlorn r(I)v noFrKriw eqe^i4,e(|tv ro KKEI, o AeFepr(fiq nfrpe rfroh on rov fE6pyro B'vo noporEivar ro io rnq npoor,rprvrig rou Ku6pvnonq, oorou xooiororo uvorog 6voq rdrorFos ouH&ooF6S rorv nornxdrv uv6peov, n6gove orgvrirq, on ovoxoni Kqprdq TovAnpiro rou 1936 Kor oKo^oenoov n npooufloupvonoinon rou Mcro66 xor n 4n Auyoorou.

: I

27

On<oxoMrA
ornv N6o epyoorqorq EAoo

B lloyr<oopiou llopou (Xeurepprog1939)nptoupYnoovYpnYop0cvclvco KlJuoovcpYurv. rnv EIIEN^YEED: Or rotoproypogorSecopouv nepioo rng 4ng Auyouorou rroirepo euvoixn yro llpnyporr, ctnota927 tnv of,,non torv enevuoecov. veo epyoorooronou rp0nKcvornv uepioo 19311939,rcr567 nproupynBnxov ornv rrpoericr1936rng epyoorcrxng 1939.ENrEou rnv ef,ooqcrron eqeeuvoiKoUerpoYrclrnv erpnvns,ro ncrBeotg extaoeov,oug nepruroergipuong crnoorpic'ron to vorvrolrnxrvrv, ev o.n 1937ouf,n8nxov onpovuxn or xporrxg nopoyyeieg,nou royr<ti8nytr rr,tv xroxtt-rv Kov ornv uepioo 1939-1940, pnxovio s# ffi &i$' ffismvffcw$wmer*x *T"ffi"" Tp#l!5ffintlp*exxcN eixcrv nnyronornOei, ytt rng crvopolog ornv npoUnBero npnou n1nopynoeo ue1ros Ktr{ it3 mxc:*v #$E{i{3ve$;$ffiq *T{:er3*:]$ffi rc,lvuv. 3:*"]iq #irilr*slwir{*.q ornv Eoo rcnnpnOr oyyrxeg euevuoerE ffiq Y{:ev wxx x**$3ffiSwwg*iru*xp#ejqpw {3pr1@*$ ffiffillJ# ng 0nxog ncrpcr moergyro vcl reBov ol oxeuKes enrxerpnoers uu xporrx eyxo. H Eastern Telegraph rornpnoe ro povouro ous ypqrlres xpo xou cf,t'.rtcpt { or ypolrpg cot-rteptxo tt xonotnxoroorooeorv rou noepou.8nxe euiong rroftevo. Otrov) xnr n Power ef,,oxoou8noe eeyxer 1ropn gtpoon ornv ultoKoLooloon tou oloclyopevou vono-rroxcr ncxrptop. rov xcrpouvou, rIoD rucw oto u 8o eLerue yco To prpo tou xo8eAIPOTIKH IIAPAIO|H: rou nopou,pe ryvirn. flpoyporonornBnxov, ornv xoropynon Ncrrrn puBorrog nepreo1rovov yro xpn, exrerolrvssepeDVeS rnv oveupeon rlepron noLonirv crypouxcbvxpednl rnv xoOreporon rpeLcriou. Teog, unoornpixBnKov ol eDptorte- rov (rruov ouyr<vrpcoongr> upoivrov Kot rnv tr,rv rnqoroornxe.fJor- oplouKn onoon rng yng otougnpotpuytg oypxvieg, o optBpgrov onoicov oo. n ouf,non rou epvooroKouxoroug.n crf,,non rr-9. Eniong.n rxtoropioevioxuoctousclypoLrKous Kotovoro Dv n o'vclYKclorlKn Kor tnS LrPnS lrpt,lrcdv [pos roug onoiougroxereutov ouverrproUoDs, 0 Mero[oqxoro roonYepuovrxv ropnxovrxv npoiv'lv (yto peyolurepo ppogrr,lv oypour<v uveiov. AnoreXrtAAi oi eoponrov n ouf,non too tng xoro otpeppooniov rcovoulrEolvrclv clearing) enpqoqvcrvcroxe'xo ouveoriu4 ornv of'non rng ropnxovrrng nopcryoyng' oong oo Kor rng ouvorxngilopoyoyns. H ouf,n Tov epnripov. Enpovxn nrov n of,non tov euevoeovoro on aurn nrov onpcrvKn ot urcr xtipo rng olloros ro npoogrovei K. o NcrBorxn nopeio prog 60% rou AEII rng npoepxrov ou rn YearpYro. Xpnporrornpro' rlou oe Ilonoyrtiwrlg, s ovoyxv rng xuipos n fJoroo,pvo ro uo rpiro rc,-rv ro perfneno o.n 1939.trptpovngunnpf,,e ryxoonrov rpclpeyao Pspos roiv onoiov oe rpE4ro xo.nrovrovon rnv eyxpro nc4loYounoupyg rezrxcilv xoroBeoer'lv, yn. To r<proef,oyoyrx npoiv o xonvg. onoporn 0rxovoprxtiv eni roxereBnxe ropnxovio..fJoroo,oro 1940,ot pogovrov Nupiog ou rn feppclio, Utoo rou prog on trg rouo8ernoeisrov rpcruezvorn roIuvoyeppo

30

floxoreu0v0nxe rov qnovdv n o[non KponKtbv

Korvrovrrq onveq

il"Sf',' i1v,
ZOir*t rr---'-----.

J l9v"

140 px. exor. E[orep'<

,r6t":irao-"'',r,,.irf ondveq 44v" Irporrtorrxg

982exor. ox
.-ffid##{a++" :

h
Lffi#--

l*-* *&

fectpxe roo qu rov A. Ilonyo, og unoupyg yiog, oo xnr crnrov K. Kopalrovn, ioguloupyg Orxovoprxv xor ovunpepog rng xuepvnong. Ax1rn xor pero rn oDyKpouonrou pe rov Ailoorotrin (1958),o K. Kopolrovngrov rornpnoe ornv r<pio4rn8on rou rorxnrn rng Aypouxng Tpouezng. O erepogroxupgovpog,Yrcrrov onoiov eoxrorq ilpcryporq eivo.r yvooro, nrov o Iovtmg Apovitng, reu8uvrng 4rnpcuog rng EBvrxng Tpcrnezog.nou tetcoc cni xpvro uTroupYos E8vrr<ngOrxovopiag. O rpitoE nrov o Aproteing xor ouvrNcr.A.rorng ooorcrrAnpntporog, crore orng, rn npoovro rou ouoiou eniong er<rrpnBnxov

n clearing. Orov n feppcrvio punxe orov ue1ro, ouEutrf,oou,ro xtrBeorg oyopo ourn exeroe. ye ouornUorrKcr ef,oprnBeiunpog nn ro yepvo povrx clearing, upoxerlrvou vct onoeuyor rn perovrxnuoo.peoxercr. ^HMOEIA OIKONOMIKA: llprv oxev xnpuupooto8noe vo epf,errn rxtctopio, o I. Mercrf,,crg Oer oulrEovio pe toug Bperovogoveroregrng oe Eoog, rrpooeepowos ouf,,npvonoooor eni rou roxoxpeouoiou. Av xor n Eltro orperlrevou nlnpove nov neproorepo(ryrepo uovrog on ug unoxpeoerg rng), n oulrgovio. ourn ev enuexBme. H of,non rou nponooyrolrou ro erog1937 o uuonBnxe uqmlrepog envrxgupouooyropgrou peoonolrou uponOe rupiog qn rn royxoon rov orpotrouxv ouovV rnv uponryn vcovorporronrxv nor noun<t'tv uuonov Kc[ rnv of,,nonrov KorvovlKv oucrvv. TA IIPOEOIIA: Or orxovolnxeg anoqooerg tng oro xeprcrrprv rxroropiog nrov ouyrevrprolrveg ov8priucov, epyo tov onoir,rv ev exer peemBei. ro O AvptoS Anooro)\,ing, rxnypog ou rn Oeorou ooio,rroqrg oucrE Merof,a, xpctnoe ro unoupyeio Orxovolnntiv. H enioon rou xpiSnxe rnovouornrrxn ou rov e.L.Lnvrxnonrr< ropo, ov nE8eiunqrn u perouoe1urgof,ronorn8n-

tl:g:xexnNr,**$m srip#,*ffi#ffi#W${Fpm* #q"$ *4 exlt.o&snqvr:r {ffil{3{:} {*v {sKpffi*j$K$K{b\r KeJp*{;&}q x*1ffin*ynec*w*t fr}cxsxmwcitw r{l}3w mNffim{rm ll{#w{*}wliK{*w K{3* s3i1

xuepvnoers,cteoutouoBecrnug peronoeprxg rnOnxe qr rov K. Kopopovn og uuoupySEpYoov oiog. ev eivor oo.Eg or rpersouroi ovpeg(o rxnypog, o rponezrxg xor o ouvtxororng)roppgrovov rnv orKovotrltxn no}.rtrxn Kor rnv ufloexte-.eypeuov orov I. Merof,o, n qv nrov crndlg ouxo, rcrxoopnrrxo pyclo. Avorpexovrogpttg orn perouoeprxn uol,neicrtouoxrorovrrov Anooroin xcrr npnrporou r,rgunoupyv (ctUtprepor roeunvef,eeynoovouleurg xor' encrvcrnryn), nrorver xoveig u oure n yooq ote to oKerrux roug peronBnxov. ApErepor unnpf,,ovouonopeporropou,rng ef,rooppnnoi rou KpcmKoD ong rov oxeoeov epyoouiv r<orpro8corv xcrr oOr rpers rov uyrv npolov orKovoUrxciv. Beoerg rng roug noppervovoroBepg,roo orn ropr<ero To rxroropicrgoo r<oreui xorvooueDrropou. xorn..crioro nruv eKeivo nou eixe o}ctf,er. I vc,rvrx

31

ev xng orporrcrgeivor nuxvoi, oqrounepro1rovouv eKoroppuprovE.\nvrouo, eivor olroroyeveigenn rooolrevou tt ot otpauvat autoi xouorv eivor xot oupuoyeig ru rog ouvexel o neroBei... Kcrl rutroug nexug,epnpo cruroOuoicrg UoxrulxrnroExoro uovrg ex8pou>. <Torornv orporrov>veov eixe nproupynoer<o voDSrou Iocrvvou Metof,o. Kcrr etor euuerr<g erg <xcrprg rnv EON n EoSeupior<eror xoroels ovrcw ltovipou noAntxng enmpateuoeag>." t'tg O Merof,og, rrou urleypctQe opxnyE rns KDrng epvnoeogxcn yevrxg emOeorpntng EON, tprl.oof,ouoe vo yoouxnor lre to rrveupo rns 4nS Auyoorou ro ovolo mg e.LLnvrxng veo}'oing. <H eyypcxpn ooxnpourng Envmng NeoLort'lv. llpner vo oSergrnv EON ouoreei r<cr8nxov eui rc'rv nOrxv crf,rv rou NouKporoEouoBn rous Kor vcrperoo8n n nioug npos rov oyvo xor rov Apynyo>. O orxog nrov n vrcrf,nornv EON tovrov vevo ov <on nrriog B-25etw>, ov Kctl Bcrupene ore vcr pnv [clperAeyxoE revepyeiroroocrpg otnv opyovrrlon veooior un crvtonoKpro<ppnoouv vpevor (srg rcts reooyrxogr<orn8rxog ctcrlnrng oerg>n 4ng Auyouorou. EON yrvrov ro oyctrrnpevo uori rng xpcurr<ng ef,ouoiog,n onoin npoonoSourn oe pe xoOerpuo vo upooexoer vercooyrxogrns npooovoooio oroug Etor <r' eyxur<.Liourororo..ropog. yng> ro unoupyeio Opnoxeulrorc,lv r<crrE0vrrng u lloreicrg r<cr8proe <erg to oxoeio rng Meong nporo xot tttltrxo.rnpouxng Er<noreoec'lg, xo, otrrnpog n qrpo rng Teroptng eKoornseo1roogI' o<prepoutorstg rnv onooxnorv rr,lv rtouKns Axnnpiog rou Bepoivou, npctYpflorlorpo8nrv xor pcrBnrprv ers rous oxnlrotropous rnE orov etrnvrr<orpcn. xoprpcr noe onpcvuKn EON> xor xoOcolouoio (cK tt,lv oxnUotropov rourng etoupyio.g trON ug O Merof,ngeBeoe croerg Bo nt-rg eXO- r<,rv Oeopwor xor Bo xorooyiztowor oS ctIIoDxopOXrnptotrxo. novtrr OlpotoKpotlKo oe rou oicu er r,rv pcrBnporcov oxoeiou>. vcv lre rnv opyovoton rng veoLoicrgtoug xor oo Or e.Lnvrxoiornppopor (EEK) euiong Ictoor<npouxcrxo8eonilro rng eiloxng. ttpeov rpnpotcr rng uv evron vcr peroqrpouv O I. Otxovgou, reu8uvrngrou E lpoqeiou rng EON qvo rnv Eoo, ev or upoxonor, orepo rng Kevrprxng rorr<noe<og EON, rvroeu n eoupouiou,8o evcrnouqroonrou unoupyrr<o nvrr<nveooio <yepn oro orillro, ornv Uruxn Kcrl pvn rng pe oto8ep npo r,rg ot-rltortivovrovotn Neoqio tng 4ng Auyoorou. oro nvepo oizer O <oorrExov<il> nou renerro pen rng EON erepoge?vrcg ovparg>. Xpqr,lvo eivor n <rnpnorg ouornpog nerSopxicrg>. <Meyooupyei nn n EON -ouvxtoe o OrxovmS pou- ru crr Eooyyegrng peycrngourng envrUerous rBuvovreg 4nSAuyoorou,r,tgnerOopxio oprztcrv<n oneprprorosuloroYn tou Krorepou xx"xq r'${Xe{r}pnxxtq ffiffifd" npog ucrvroovrepov erg,u oEopcrtnv exunpc,lffiq ffi &$sxmKmq, b{xrxKe&q rou... Ml'n mg EON rrowog olv rov r<oOnxvrorv w{xYsffieeJxxltrffxro av{",}.!l o hlfr o8po npos o queuSveror yognop' ovtnepou Wn*$*ffimssxsve ov vq iorovror erg otoorv npoooxng xo8' nv xyg:ffiffi*& mffim xffiq&ffiq &,xxry*alwxmx* xrlw smmmvtm$? ouvoprl'iog rnv ropr<erovrng pero rov eurpc.tv onovcpetorr' ovotoocosrns cXorpertopE rt.rv. flvo oe rpnov rrvo oulrucr8elovrnv orporoxportro ou8ei pe crycovrdtn Xxonuvrooor,OocryyirorNtrr npruno EON. EKqnoveig xor pe 14 @ooyyirrooorronoroyoynpvor rog e0vrNcrg opyvtloe veOoio O opxog rog ouoio.grernpuf,ev n Meroon rng 4ng rou MerO[og, ntlg Auyoorou 0o onoteoouvro oteexn rou Kpcrx0t o ro roDS, Neou Kporoug,rou Eflvrxou Kpcloug>.' ro oox4portxf O Mero6og nrov r<or'ef,oxnvorpo'ot'r<g xopreTou poe rrou ooxo].n8nxe pe rnv notrurxn. K00eoI6T0 Meoonoepou rroEorrogrng ExongEueuiorvxor rng xrpo-

34

&"I
Iluolooe
fing xerpg,rou clvrixerpos nvo]revoD lrerct tns rroopng...Ounore xerp Krorepou lpooqpercrr npogouoEryf,rvrpos ovdrepov. O ovrepog ogievcr ror eeoepog npooEpntnv rrUnv qurnv>.' H orporrouxn opn rng EON, n ctuornpn rrelOopxiooroug xnoug rng, n errr<noro.Ln tr'tv peo v rng, or eSvrxrouxeg ef,,opoerg, xnrpeuopg xetpg, ro poBnporo <erng r' ovcrcroeog ef,rcrg rcr r<nr Svrxng cryr^ryng roquong) roD ucrprov rng, rvov ro oriytrro prog veooiogpe <pcroreexn Mrog rrrunngptlg tpctorouxo xopoKrnprotrxcr. v' orov orr(tr)eDyecrnooer rrou orouxngveooiog, eourrng evov nopporo xctpKrnprop, uou erpexor Eeoeooprrposro crorrq rn otevn Ein rou MeyonBperovio. O Merof,ogrqeoioveroug Bperovous,Uerous u rcunpooe orevgoxoerg, ro xo8eorg ouoioug roo pe rcr r<oOerng 4ng Auyouorou ev elrorcrze orro rou Xirep Kol roDMouooivr, oo pe ro r<oBeorrigrou po Eo-Lozpornv lloproyoio.o Xeerrxn xoon mg EON oupnepro1rovovrov nornporo oro ouoio exOerozovrovo pogxor n yro Enpr<eno ro, uvolrnrng MeyongBperovicrg. nornporo rou Ereg. MpQn (AVViq) xor rou l. pooivn (RuIe Britannia).' fevxg opynyg rng EON crvoxnpuxBnxe o rooxogrou 8pvou, upiyrrnog flo\,og, ev n ozuygrou npryr<inrooo@perepixn ovoe euirrrnv pn opxnyicrrou yuvou<eiou rpnporog rng opyovoong.

Kul H epnorn rng Eoogoro B'lloyxopro lI- orpordves nupooo xo- q EON rng xpcrg ou roug f,,evoug Le1ro,n xorompn ro.xtnrg,n Euyn rng envrxngxuepvnong xor rou oorrq oro ef,oneprx, onUcvv rnv oDorctottrn rouonrng EON. xrroeg rng Koroxng er<orovroeg Ern ropr<ero opyovoerg, veor evroxSnKcv orlg ovtrorootot<g eixvowcrg ror u ecrxrorqeixov eunpeotei, n npooovqroron r<orr<q8ou, roug reooyrxoug rng oUoDS trON Kqr rns 4nSAuyouorou.
EHMEIO'EI' 7. Opvavtopog Eoorcptxng Ynnpeoiag EON, ev ABnvorg, 1939 (Or oxonoi tng 4nS Auy.). 2. N. Koupopou, <To BaBrcpov Nnpa tng Meraong mg 4ng Aoyouorou>. 3. f. Orxov1rou,<At E0vuai Ynnpeoiat mg EON>. 4. OpyavtopE Eoatepxng Ynnpeoiag EON (Tpnog eyypoEng xor prov nhKios Kororoooolrvov). 5. Xro iro (flepi flerBopxiog... nepi flpoooyopeuoeog xor Xoltr)erlolro). 6. tr. fIN, H Ioropia rcu (taorcpo, @ri.iotr,lp,2000, oo. 448,449. 7. tnaBi Kdi Aupa, EBvua notnltara EKoorSEON, A0nvcrr 1941. mg Ned'aiag,

BOHEHMATA Erooyoyn-Enr1rero floog llerping, EON, H @aorctun Neolaia MemEa, University Studio Press, Oeoooovixn, 2000. Evn Moxoipo, H Neoaia rng 4ng Auyouotou, I EoroypoEieg, IAEN, l.f. Nogfevrog.

35

ANATPIXIAA H MEI-AAH

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HIKTAIOPIA
Bn> ronporo toug rrpos io norro, nepipevv vct rov olJYKwnooDvov ITopouoroorouv <eBvrxcirg copevo Kclro rtpoi;NotrpeOr Kolrpouvroprou>. nyetesTouS, roD Tn clpvoDvtov oDtou vol oto ouvpo1ro <rrt-rvupou)). pe vepycroicr ro KKtr. An rnv ctnpeptn, ro Kopovcr crooec'-t(louoe rou envrNou ro oucrxrorov B0'X, pouvrour< xivnpn nnptrve trs ouvslrelesrns rlcrrre or <Tct4tgrng Bepcrrn rxtctopitr>, eypclqt(tv g poooxrNngnepi <c;ooro(pctolorov) oexroprorlKn N. Ypxng>"Kor ev eixe orxo o I. Mero!,og, nou rou pe ro opooynpevo, xor crnrov iro, <opneypct uolrNng rou Kcrlug pvrpegouvtrpieg otn ootrrov rou, xtntoreprnrcrg> povipt'rgxotorpuxrcrv trrn xcrr etoupyio rou, rou rpoxoneouoovrllv ovoEndvto, o ntuf,n rng poongrou. eqrcrtn [nS ovflpolrng tou.'llop' 1,'nurcr,ug Mero{dg pru oe rou xctouongrou xcr0eott'rros Kct- Ararylr g rolrlrouvrordrv- nlroxpcrv uoregonnerpeg rqg ouvepioo4 To perof,rr xoBeorcigeur8nxe, oxev oveuopcrutn,orvovrtrE rcleepvcr ug ef,ouerepover Bourig, Anpituog vxnro, orov nnnvn xqr oveenrotttyprov Fen Ntn' oixov ne1936. Ueoq, rous enrKeeol,ng roug oe ef,opio Irn I noeg proprop.Axopn xor n peycrnxo.r uvcrprxn ef,e- Lv xor oretrexvrou KKtr. AxoouBnocrv Aoruvoltio ooovropor Kcrr xrroegounrperg rlporoQcrveiE yepon, rou Ioul.iou 1938, ornv Kpnrn, nopo rov xoruoreer roug 100 EtpBcroov orqv rorioo4 noru npoxporrr<rnE xctpoKrnpct Lrern oDUlre- rous orclunyerorng Aotpoerog. ono roue onoiougrrepiuou xrrreg or rorx8evreg, urttv ovrtrNrcnoorxciv roxn tou KKtr xor rrrv nptv A0fvo on or prooi nrov pen xnr oucroirou KKE. Ilepi to r4g vnlrecov ofletuxe.' rqvnoyiooq xcrr oug qrucrxeg ef,onourxcrxppcnocr- 2.000 oreexn rou Uervcrv rxroroplog rqg Tcr <e0vrx6g oNenrpevo> <ntrcboeov pieg. H ocucrvrNn enrvnon rcorr Ueroirepprnrcv rnv teo rng nocrrxngovutxtotopr449 Auyoorou Touf PHrcl pt'i cD,r.prtxot' rou npcbnv llroprparo KKlr y.
Kng 0vuorclong. Me r0 (turll'iss

36

4n$AYIOYIT
vorcls) -trr tnv cveorgixn, 1rororo. xoroixn, on rn nYeolo tou KoplioLos, (')s <upooolog> rns uoypoenS toug ' eneqepenpoiouoo crnorop8ptrxv o n o r o K o p 1 l o u v r o r rx i r t l t c t . Er<rg N. Zoxaprn ()ienrepptog193[i)xot rou o novuprolv oumyccov, Mavrooxng ef,crtroenlSeonxct-\uer, nn nS opxesrou 1938,oclpc,)rtKn evrtr rcov nyctrxciv orcexv tou KKE. Enpercovco Anpiro 'l.938utovovror pen rou srxuxo: rov il.f . (legelong, flaprocing, Xxdorvog). oe To Moro yivovror pozlKeg ounrperg llerporo xor Seoooovixn. To Mopuo 1939mtrvovror or K. xcn Oog N. floulrning. To Noeppro ol f. Erwog Kcrrfp. nxagiog. Tov kwouopro 1941o A. f{auoylowng.' <Eeuncni rpergpnvcs Irp(jltn yuvoir<orou llcrnoyicrvvn U Kclrcrgovn to lxvn yro tng> noovrornpitov... vctnopoiioer rov trvpcr ypcrq)ri, o ouyK^ovropevoe, N. Koporrng.' Kovevo pogrng K.E. rou KKE, norgNtrruoaqo

@s

rn oteern,ev rcqruye ounyn. xor to povcrrx<peytro Aur nrcrv,cr).orore,

ve pyo) yro to onoio prropoDo xouxnOei clirevoro vrr ornv Nupiopxn envrxn rcrf,,n iupo Mcev Ag rcrf,cr-Movrcrcrxn. exOeipc,rg uopto,u Kol rnv npoorpctero ourn f,o rou tnv KoreKrnoe pe rn Snreuon ovtirepov oreexovrng Aotpoercrg orcrpo0nporo yto (tov noepoxctcr rou Kolrpouvropou), nou opycrtooen fxeorono, <ul rnv roxupn Kor eornolrevnnyeoicr> Xipep. <Enlxeqrorou ng rng envtxng ovurpoo(,)[icrgnrov Kctrlorog flof,rvg>.' To <oprorop1np0)) [ou MqvrooKn c K Ko T o p n v r x o U p o D V t o r tx i r r n p o z n o t -r.x c i vtr ro xpvro, rn peyourepnoNrpooiotou. llepo, pnuo, on ng ounEerg oreexvxor ng rov rng nyeoing rou, rnv opcrvonoinonxlrocovpepercrvoiog>, tlrnol civ tou lreoo roiv <ntJoec,,rv peoieg rng AoqcLercrg Ncrr enqrepov no ouvrprAreiouonv olnv nYsrlKn optio, nux r<runnpcr. (IIKE), npoolo8noe v' ctrrou,oS <llq^lo K.tr.>> K.E. vru<crroornoer c;uAnqr0eic;ct xo.r, rupiatg, rn xoropepcrvvo nproupynooDvveo Ktvq)rKn nYeoio, rnv <llpooorprvn roixnon> (lI..), onoxerroug xoOonyopevn. ouNcrex Upoug Hroy nt'rg8o puopouoe trreNopnoopvo rel o )

rccr{ npo Envul, rou roupvqpciou Ayvtiorou rqv Irponc0rq rou rnoxq rqg xo0cortilrog 4r;g Auyoorou pe4 ond enoyyeporrxo
Ot'lpUreiou. Meprxoi6;1ouv yovoriofl Kol

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H MEIAAH ANATPIXIAA
A.Iloprootrinq rou. Kr nrov gro xorIr. Mcrvroorng, ro <<rproropynpo> npoyporrxn rpoyroio yro rc KKE, uou ovrrlrerIxAporvog qt,lroypogi(owor rou roto. Oocr rrrze rnv onoovBeonrou nyetrr<o poueureq pen rou no.ppevovevepyo,ooqvizovrqv ontnv rou r,rg Ilooixo r<oxuuoqrioyro tov xcrBeovrpoE toug, evcilnrov Merdnou rq unoxper,rlrvo, crveinoreg npu pe Suoieg,vq ouvexizouv rxroropio. uopovolrn poon roug. <llepooo.neiveg,oppotrnv Iuve{q04oov pro oueg -ypoEer n Et. Brtoap,u- pc ev coocr ero 1938 UenKopo yro rov eour pou, ev yro vo Euof,roto epoq rouflorrrxo yoeio [ewoei rov exoux pnxovrop], eyoo fpoqeiou xo.r nonoqror ro vtro pou>.'
xuxloEopov o <PrzoonoXrn reriu 1939-41, -n xoBonynoerg o r<evrprxg oreg>,euoupyov IIKE xqr n II..- uou n pio xoroyyerrnv un o4 pycrvorng AoEoerog. fto va uS ctrro(puyouv, opropveg opyovoers lpotr]rouv vo pouv (rng Oeoooovixng, yro voroornlro xor ourvo1ro rng A8nvcrg, norgr<orn eoltrulKn opyovoron, evct o N. Kopovng qnoupyei rnv opoo <A.LnSerq)). Exeuxo Ue rnv xornorqon nou eixe nproupynBei, xouv ypoqei opxero ornv oprorepn rlloypcrEio. Nerepegpeuvegoro opxeio rou KKE uou puopei uoo vo unoxo.Lrrtouvenrolrepereg, npooSoouvorts olorrUnoergpog.u Apocog Uerq rn oLmpn (Noepprog1939)tou

s emn&mffimlqsm$mm{*q Kffiffisxebq Tm xxsxsffixm wuffiffim$exq mpelrsr&mve,q K&t xrffixm$mq Tmq rys'{3 n,rxV,ffi &trWffielsq ffimrymvrryMqlaiq

f. Xrovrou, ouyr<poreirorn IIKE, nou oorxc tng oreexn nrov: Xp. Kovxng, . flonoyrowng, Boy. Kuotxng, Er. Buoopcr,l. E-hnvotfng. Av Kor (Ue ro M68eon ounorenp8e o' euoEn> (ro tov Atrllf. eixe, nn ro Moro 1939,onopovtboer prov MoSeon,pogrng K.E., roguouro), n IIKE xotoyyerorog <oneipo Mo8eon-flonoyrown>. (Ero perof,, eixov xornyopnBeiog <xoqreeg> r<or or flouoyrowng, Kuoror<ng,pe oon <ug polprg Or nou rqiern Aotlnero>).n xotnyopieg,oxeov evregoorrovuorp<ov, eg, ouoeix0nr<nver< Egepvov 1rogoe onyvr,ron to pn rng orpeg.'o ug IIKE xqr ef,ouerpc,rvov noreg npoouoBerg xere rous yro poon. <ev f,perernv on8ero>>, <eunpeoorei ou roug ovBpnougrng xcnprerxng fI..> -ypoEer n Bloopc otov Erovro, rrou rn peUtt (peroryrct <opcrvero>. Extg rov otrr.lVprog,n f,trpon tng xoEreoEoiog rpoEoorooexol rn perof,,rxn npouoyovcr yrcr nopf,,n <no},v> npoxrprov r<ur xqrqorv rou oug ypo14rg KKE. H on8erq eivor u ovrepo orexn roD, rlou nrqv n ef,,eixSnxovoe oDvel-

nro. pycrvorng AoEoerog, ev f,erepvouv ro rleu vre-ef,,r."Ilopopver, oro, ro yeyovg o Movroor<ngro xpnorUoloinoe pe enttuxiq. lpoKerpvou vo upoxopnoer orn nlnoupyio, uu rnv Ko-erepou-KKE. Bonynon rou, <uopovogou> nv erpoppoyn rou oxeiou rou reuxuve pro <prqoxivuvn> (<rvxr ruxor<'xuxn) rq rou N. Zoxoprcrn.At ug Eunxg evronorov f. rng Kpxupogiver, ro 1939, Mxonin vo uuoypoqrer n.Ltoon r<o.r, yoivovrog, v' ovooerrnv ovoovrcrf,nrrw uvqpeov rou x1r1rorog. ug up<itreg, xrng,Krvnoelg Me upoier tnv uuooron rou, yirou, f,ovcrnrcrveror, veror ouvetnto xor poornpro pyovo rng AogoEe "trerog. ournv,nn, unnperei pe noSogr<oro Tbpilrog, uou eixe outrnqBei r<crr upooer vc,tpirepo. Iovouopiou roug (npxg Or uo roug, oe ouor<qerg llof,rv 1940)Ue roDSenrKeqol.ng rng Aotpoerog xor Xopololrnin, r<oroorpvouvpe eurolrpereg ro oxro. nluoupyouv rnv lI.A., nou euoupyeiuo n rnv roBonynon toDS: Tupipog, r8vttv <8eo-

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f
0 Booi4q NeeeonS (nfvto) ouve{e0n ro enfoqg 1938, evd(inu) o Nixoq IlouUninq (ealroyporDfo peronoeprxf, rou K.Meyooxovri;rou) nr6orqxe 6vo lprivo opydrepo
pnrrxg> rcrr o Mrxo.ning, opyovr,nrr<g voug. Ee er<revnxOeontou (1944)npos rnv K.tr. tou KKE, o Mrxon.,ing, orpororoypoqrer ovouuxcr ng xorr,loe rov lloulrnin xqr Ioug xor ndg npooOrer: eEnppozeug onyieg mg Aorpoerog, <Orov e1re Aogo.l,ero yrct r1Snpooxotoreg oro Kppo, vq xorooivoupe rov Tupipo. Aurg nrov o ororxexifng ourng mg oulero.g,o reu0vtovvoug. r<crr O,u eyeourg,nrov er<r qn rov flof,rv xor flporeiver vo. tppouveci on rov Xopo-\o1ruin... rov Nixo lZqxopron] yr v rov expero-].eurove xor vcrouve8ovepozi rou... leve vo rurif,ot ey ou'yporyo evo ypo14xt,tpurv ro po.xrnr<q...Tou orxo qreur<o, rrog eixc4reoulrEovnoer pe rov Tupi1ro,uou xpuernv lpoyUcrrrxn q],n8ero Kol rlopouoiozernv lI.. oov yvnoro opyovr,ton>." rou O Tupipog, eniong, oe ctrrovoreser<Seoerg (rrpog rnv K.E. rou KKE> xqr ornv evnrov poprpr,lv xorcrBeonrou (<xr,lpig vo Uou emnOei r<opio io xor evreg ee8epo>),ouoxo.\nrer: <Me rn lA [fevrxn AoEcr].ero.l ouve8nxo pe tn oulrgovio vcrrous on8noro vcr rorxnoouv ro xppo... Tnv II tnv norpovoprzo Beropnrrxoey ctvo ev vop<pronrnrcr... pnopooe [pr,tg] ornprxrei xropig...ro Kupogrou Mrxonin... H euef,epyctoio xor n xoSonynon ng rng unBeongrng IIA epyo rr pou. On ourn n pr,tlrepn un0eon...>. Xxeuxq p rnv EEIIO: (2 n 3 Unves rprv tnv Knpuf,,n rou el.nvoirorxou uo1rou, ouvqvtn8nxo ruxuiu pe rov B. Kaotprv... eixov ouyxpotnoer vo x1r1ro Ecrorouxcilvopxv xteprKoD rurlou... Ey ev ovenxcrnopo pin qropqornv EE[IO>. |rq rn ouvexetoornv Kqroxn: <AvolrixBmcr oe prKporng uunpeoiog nnpoEoprctvtou Toryoouerg eoryoooevqv orr rous ctvre Kr, xovro oro ocr, pou... eixo oxeorglre oupporougrng oto r'r1rou rou EEE, pe roug nvupcrouxogt<x.\oug l.oug nporounrng PAN... Eror unycr otn Xoll<iq [Yrcl vo ouvqvrnoer rov Koorprvl oto rnAuyouotou rou Eug 119441... npoxnpf,,erg [o Koorprvg]eye roroyg qu tov Xnnrcornouo. nog o1rover Ey reiornKo orn Xoxio>." Or cnoxoryergrous, er<rgrc'tv aov, unoypr4rpizouv Kcn to oeBproonoreoporo tng e-

39

H Mereru AxnrPxr^A
0 (KoUU0uvloTotpfyog" npoong rou Zoxopron,Ue rnv crnooronuou ounouPYg AnUdomq T4nqv8eoeorov Mrxqntrin, ovef,oprnro ou ug or<K.Movro614q rrou rov uop8noov Kor ug e]uieg uou ornqJers exqovei prf,,e ournv. Axpo xerprepo,crnoerxvouvug oe ro fupovord rpoyrxg ouvneregnou enEepen epuroroovn un ro peppo nou enreixrnxe -ou rov Zo.xo.pron, orexn rou ro rxrfropotng Ar<povouuing xnr roug o..Loug yxLeroroug (xo0rorrig), rol4rouvrorg (pe ef,oipeon rov ll.troupuin)- orn evtir nioorou poon rng lI.., yro vo, nepinou, xpvo, Uexprrov pp[oxovror Icrvounpro 1941.'u rou o rorxqrfg Or o roerg oro KKE nparreuooqq Yno.pxer, c'roroo, Uro on ui.eupo, rrou peKqr K.Kor(q, xpr rpo ev onperverol ornv uuopxouoororoproo unoupyg ypq(pio xo.r xer rroirepn, r<ororn yv1rn UoD,onEpyooiog pooio. H n <enrxeipnon:o KKE> yro ropo> A.Aqp4rpfrog, rrvnporog ornpixrnxe oug, o unoupyg Tnouon rou KopporJvrour<o x.6. rte ovonruoopevegoug ypoppg rou, roqrc'lvieg 0. Nrxoonq
ypro on ro xopor<rnpo rou euepxpevounopou,

.%

xnq smrmmq kmiffiq rl.lq Kxrqcruvnxeq Vnffi

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ug ouoieg, pol,roro, ntov crxpo vog orxog rng vo ro.r, oe peyolo o01r, ug of,veroro erroKpo, nr,rg ro Kqr(pepe. Eeqreuyer, oro, on to nl,oioro rou nopvrog Kerpevoun yevrxrepn ovo<popcr ornv reooyrr<n xot re0vg. eneivn rqrrn, nou ef,erootcrv Exer pr,rgvq eirx yro ro Sego gog evrcqepov vo onperc'r8ov xouoreg uopgs. pe ug onoieg exgpozovrov or roqt-rvieg oLn xtipo pog. Eug ouv8nr<egrng ooEg roypcr<ppevng, ro 1939,querng ex ppougrng hoLiog yro euiSeon r<oro rng EqqS, ro KoUpouvroux xivnpo nopouorozrcrv rxoopvooS tlpog ro ov n npoLepaL rntatng nong roro rng rxrcuopiog0o upene vo unoxorpnoer,n xr, onevovu oro xo8nxov rng unepoourongrng eSvrxng ovef,,oprnoiog." Me rnv rnpufn rou e.l,nvoiro.rxouopou, n euionpn Bon rou KKE exqpoornKeUe ro yvoor <ovorxr ypoppo>) Zo.xnpron, rou uou nlroore8nxe(2 Noeppiou 1940)oug eEnpepieg rrpoerpereornv Kcu eorro rot uuuepoomon rng eBvrxngovef,,oprnoiog, n rn reBuvonroD Merof,,o,nrogr<orUe ro nopporou ueprexolrvou uuopvnporo olrocov eyxcrorov xoppouvrorv.'' Enpepo, oro.,ovoyvorpizeror,oxev o.n' oug, nog n 8on er<eivnuunpf,,e pio on uS rrro euruxeig orrypes ornv roropic rou KKE xr euorf,,e po ornv ovoerf,,nrou, opyrepo, ouo<pcroroux oe flporcryovrorn rou xrvnlrorog E8vrxng Avrioro-

ong. Tre pr.lgrn upoyporo ev ntcrvroo ooEn ovolreoo orous KolrUouvroreg,yrorrov rcrEcovrv rreroDSoS [pos rov n].epo. Kor neprn..exowov proorepo ou rnv uno.pf,n o, Eovouxo ouyxpoupevc,rv r<or qnororcryyepevov oS <npoonxv>, xevrprxv xoSonynoeov. IIKE, npooxonpevn oug uorrepeg pc Seoerg K.., roqt'-rvooc To(crvorLnE xr ypolrlror rou Zoxopr<rnxqr ro 8eopouoe nooL.Me rn Oonourn ouvrcroorqv xqr o N. floulruing. H II.., pe rng xpro p"trnpo rng rnv ef,oogcrron epuroroovng rng yxerorngnyeoiog,rqooetor unp rng 0ong roD N. Zoxopron.Kor eqrq orov un rnv e<Przoouoorn>rns, ulepUveuon rnE AoEcrerog Oelrouzeoe e8vrr<rouxog rvoug xor <ef,qrvooe To rov Meraf,,o>. orexnrng E8ovovvo Drroornpizouv u <o Mercrf,,crg eivor or,rrnpog rng xpog... ev upuer vq rtoer>." An rnv otrn pepro, n IIKE crpvovrov rov excrpcrxtnpo rou nopou. H 0vrxoone..eu8ep<,rux 8on pcrg-uuootnprze o N. Kopouvng- <ouveeovronoxpiveror rqr otevo pe ro re8vn yeyovro.... ornv ovriororxn 8on rng K4... ouvovuvrcrvpe t' oo creEor<pporcr ornv exrLeon rov roeooeov rng K^). H lIKtr <nnpove)) tnv eurlrovn rng orrs 8oergouregUe Tnv xornyopio u xerr<o.roorei <pynvorng lxeorono>. Ar<pnxor o flou-

40

ol,or znrouoov enrpovos vo exoDvUro ouvcrvrnon, yro Kot, rroLouS vo oouv ef,,nynoctg trs onoqrerg oytilvo. vrog, vcr evrqx8ov orov oneeu8epr,tur< ev eproxov ovrcrnxpron. Ero perof,,u,xor evol cref,,crr<oou0ouvrrlrernrzov np}npo euric,tong, <nourcruocv vcr upizovror oS ((Drlovopurg>, xo.qrrenoxeipevo>,<npooxoropes),(rrporpYoreg rxo xpporog>K.[. '' Meprxg pvo Epooerg,cru ro noIo r<oroneeoro oUDyvcoopvoonlrerUorclroug, qrorrizouv, pcr,rnv rpoyrxn xorcloroonroug: <Eivor oflutn "crvrivo ovcryr<n oog ope>. <Aev 8q oog xovt^l upcrf,n" nouBevo>.<Eipoore c[Iopovo]revor 4 crvxr,rpig rpq4ro, xttpig etpro, Opcouor, Ueooo' cturov rov rpopepxerpovo. Exoulrepr,p nori>. <Aegro ev xor rp<pr1ro exoulrexr o xivuvog rou Oovorou ev eivor poKpro). <fleprlrevoupe rnv tcrKroroinon pog. llcrpon.Lo xr ueprlrvot en4rvovo oog co>.

{ffi} ffirtffiKt3{*#ffiK# x$}\r {vx'#r?Kcfuv &gxxffip,rffiq pbf ffi 6*m xx #w & ffi$xaxer ffiwrrx K{;3 u m n6x*l ffir't " wffi ff*fi wm a"xff$g:$f;exexx {#ffim*{np{vmq#ffi{ffi{ffi3qxt$ffimx"lepq Ke

puing,rou ornv opxn sixe ouvtox0ei 1reuS rIoqrers Sec.ipouoe Seonrns (rpoToKrorlKn... rn rng, yeppovErn>.'n rrcrirepo r<or fiovtprn cntteonq;et-rv H evouoinon ttovroqropelu<d-rv xOnxepvo pe rn nproupyio rng veog K.E., on ug npreg UepegmS Koroxng. llop' 1" outo, or <uoypoppeg) rrou Bo.pnopouoov,oxnpcnrxo. v' org unooBov norro, <eSvrxn>Kcll osxroprorlKn, vo <rof,rxn>ypopFn- ev noqrcrv epqrovizovror xor ruourvo oro nyeur<ooreexn rou KKE.'. Kor nrov evog on cv uncrpxer opqroio ntog cruLg IIODeflnptozov rn oto.on Kor Irs rougnopcryovres tng Beoerg nyeoiog tou. Auoenooro rpo1roto xor Erep xqr-l\.otuo prg,xpvro rng Koroxng ntov crpKeEvcr-uo, ro, ore ro KKE, on rn oxevpexpr ef,o<pclrong v' roD ouompBproon orn rxroropio, vn xoroEper rou Kol v' ovctul,npcogug uvc4terg ovoouvrof,er erxSeio nporyovrorn rou xrvnporog EBvrxng rou npenoH Avrioroong. onoon, rooroo,ou ug ouro0uoicrr<o.r lKovorrueg wog oeootrro otnv rctv nyeuxv oretrexv nou neruxov exeivo ro <8opo>, ev onpoiver u pnopei vo nopoeuonpropynoero perof,rr wor oeguc4levepyetes t x xoBeoLtirg KoUIroDVrot xivnlro. oro r<or H f,opon rng xoqrreolrcrviog xoEreoqoiog rnv tov eixeiognptiro crnoreopo onorerop o.n po.onevg opt8pou oreexv. |ro. uopoevepy erypo,or Kuoroxng, Buonpo, flonoyrovvng xor

<ev eivcrr oqrEpov rou xpporog vo neBovoulre nroreuouv ornv rlon rnv neivol. <Kct ooug prrnro pou vcr oul,eqouv pe egroug trg uvoyro psrs... vo Unv roDSrropouperro evrcnppov <Muopeire vo xere ouorrnv onor<orooroon Uou). uuprorn ucrnnoreyvpn yro. UoS,exere pc,rg vo noxpcoon pcrsqKooere).<Ore eixo oure exo "Neo trnoxn"... Koropro oxon pe ouoronnore... 8e riprog norprrng xerxpeogvo rn xturnott>." llop'' ouro, n ovoyvpron rng rpoogopcls rorrg Xtnv nprn euogn, n ono- ) npBe r<cr0uotepnpevo.

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H METETHAXNTPIxIAA
<npoEnuxg>> rouroroergrou oS rrpog rnv Kctrovoorponiog.'n nf,,n prog rrorogeooKoppctrrKng Or emonpcrvoersrou outg pnxov -ro xo.Loxoipr, rrLog, roD 1944- rnv uprn polrotrxn enreqioon. To II.l. rng K.E. xqeoeoro Kopuevnor, pe npoxnpo <vq crvoreOei oro ouero EAM>, peprxo npnv nyeuxo oreexn rou (Aolraornouog, Tzrvrpng, EroEiaS), ro ouoio orn ropxero TnS4nS Auyoorou eixqv ounq8ei xor uloyporyer noerg, r<nr euern unnpxcrv unoqtieg uou Kqr octo4reg- Yro ouoeixBnxov Euorxo, ewecitg <upoooicr> rnv roug,rero.f,,e exreeonroDg.'" ev uuopxer olrgroio tr n eui rr<roropiog roproonrou nyeur<ororoDtoD KKE oEnoe uoeuoukneg nnygoro Koplrouvrouxrivnpo xor vootpolrlo. 0repoxorootno o Lnvot'rKopporrKn xpioeoe Or exnoergrous, rro.irepcr neproug ov Kol peyoorvneprnererv nou our ovrrlrermoe, nLov cruloxpnlrotpovrKcs.
'HMEICJEEIE 1. Xnlrervor peprxeg pvo xopoKrnprouKes Qpooers on ro <flpoor,mxv Hgepoyroo rou I. Merof,o: <Ef,neoo ctg Anruxo erg ro nourxg... O el}rurxg -Logev ue 8er... nomxv pou ororov... ev ofizto rinore... Aev fpr,t oyyrxo. E{ror xor KovrS)! 2. An rn yevrxn r,\,roypoEio, crvog6po evextrxo: frtipyn . Koroon. [otopia tou Kopltouvtottxo Nerepcr a. Kpparog EA).aog, t. ' (1934-1940), 283-299. ororxeio. yto crvuxoSeorouxg xrvnoerg orn petof,rxn rxroroplo, eg xnr <Apxerorcif,;o>, rexog3, Moros 2001, o. 17-36. 3. Me S noerg cxoBopizetor ro Kppo ono ro ofipUo rng npoooiog xor rng ouvBnroynong... Eivor eurxnUo yro to Kppo u npooov, nr,rgnpoocrv): N. Zoxopron, Euoyn Epyav-Exoan mS K.E. rou KKE, 1953,o. 38, 45. 4. Apxia Dyxpovng KotvawKng Ioropias (AEKI), TK4B1, 31, xorxg 2911, (poKe.\or 32, 33, 36, 46, 48, 50, 59. 5. AEKI,'TK BI, 29/ L/ 77. 6. An rnv onloypoEio Xipep-McrvrooKn, fiou pioxeror oro perovrro opxeio: f. Avprxnouog, Ot piztg tou eAnvtxo tpaotopou, <Aroyvng>, AEnvo 1975,o. 86BB. (O flofrvg ntov opxnyg oro rpnpo iofng KoppoDvrorv rng AoEoerog). Aeg xor: lp. @opoxog, O EAAD Kai n a{ouoia, (E.}.nvrKo lpo}ruoro), ABnvo 2000, r. N, a. 20-2I. 7. AEKI. TK4BI. 29/ L/ 70. B. Avoeopo oro 8po xor oprogvo opxeroKo urxo, eg xor: fp. Oopoxog. ApnE BeAouxrutng To xapivo apxtio. ayvoord xeipeva, <EInvrxo lpoUuoro), ABnvo 1997,oEnions: lp. Oopot<og,O 30-31, 135-151,157-758,162,184-189. EAAE xat n e{ouoia, .u., r. A, o. 19-20Kor r. B', o. 154158. 9. AEKI, TK4BL, 29/ L/ 2 L<or29/ | / 31. F,IJiang: T o KKE, Enionpa Keipeva, <Xyxpovn Enoxn>, A8nvo 1975,r. 4, o. 495. 10. Oplopves unoSoerg ev xouY oxpn, nnprog reuxprvrorei. lro nopoerypo, o o1uovg MoSeong, oe peyon xBeon rou (26 nuxvg oeieg, 16 IovoDopiou 1946), nopoBrer.pt- ncrortxo entxrlpnuoto. rl n Fvovtrcv tou xornyopio oS rprrKropo eivor otrortrrn. (AEKI,'|K4BI,

Kporopevor K0uuouvroTeq AKpovounio vrnon nrov: <np8ct va oe o6oo xot xr vo oe oornv To 1936 xooo>! Kor pvo rov Auyouoro yiveror, enneoug,ei<rn n oveon roDEUe ro EAMrx r<ivnUo." O Boy. Kuoror<ng oepoyroe Kor Ue rn Buoio. rng zong rou -uErovrng ou xteprx exteeottx ouonoopcr ornv Kpntn- rnv crEooiroonrou orov oYovcr. ev enlpener, uoruxg,o xpog Yro Uro ovogopo xor ornv o.l.noypoEio. rou yvooro npooroypoEou-ouyypoEo Kopovn pe rnv K.E. rou N. KKE. Tq ropoio, ou roeg otqerg, r<eipevorc.lv eurorov rou eivqt nou xopor<rnprotrxo xr pvo yro yro oo onor<ourer tnv cruvqvtirou ouprreprEopn mg nyeoiog, ocrror Vro uS, ev uooig,

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,.1
F J ro 29/1,/41). Ooroo, xor rov enovef,etcrornKe, 1946,n nepinrcoon rou, n K.E. xornf,e, Kor [o^r, ornv ircr xorolryeio. t7. ALKI, IK487, 29/ r / 5. 12.O B. Koorprvg, nou ev eivor yvoor ov unnpf,e pog rou KKE, xpno4ronornBnxe yro tn n1oupyio rng EXIIO, nclgo irog [eprypoeer ornv KoroBeon rou, tnv ouvenqOn on rov EAE (A\KI, TK4B| 29/L/57). Ernv EXIIO xcrr o Mrx. TDpiUoS,pelog rng K.E. xor xpnorponornBnxe oueurng KKE, rov uptooe xor ywe pyovo mg roD Aotpo}erog.O Kourooyrowng (n ^npruprong), nou eixe outrtrnqBei 1927Kor npooer, <unnpf,e on roug ro peyotrrepoug xoEreeg nou qtoivovtcw ro K1rpo> xcrr <Eoyenov xopo> (AXIld TK4B7, 29/ I / 48 K.ar29/ L/ 5L). Enions, o Mirog, orexos roD rropovopou pnxovropo Kor or Mov. Movto-Log,oueurng roD KKE, xor frwng Mxoning, peogrou fl.f. mg K.E. roD KKE. 73.ADI{I,TI<487,29/l/59. O Mrxontring nopooern Usyo}n (22 nuxveg oeieg)xBeon tou npos ro ll.f. tov Ayouoro1944,orn Poqren. 74.ADKI, "fI<487,29/ I / 65, 66, 67, 68, 69. ExBoergTDpiUon xor n xoroBeon rou, rov, orn ropxero rov Aexelrprovcitv, ouvenEBnon ug uvolrerg rou EAAE ornv Eoro. 15.Aeg everxnxo: f. Itoowing, Avapvnottg, <<Oe1rro>, ABnvo 1979,o. 69-74.O. Xorzng, Or pizg rnE EBvrcng -L77. Avtioraong <Orionop>,ABnv 1996,a. 167 16. To KKE, Enionpa Ktipevo, .1., r. 4, o. 460-504. To U17. DrKo, ornv xoon: KKE, Eilianqa lleipevo, rpog fIUmoS.KKE (Eo.), 1973,o. 11-53. 78.AEKI,'lK48I, 29/ | / 31. eg, eniong: Itr<rwing, Avapvnoetg, .n., o. 71. 19. AEKI, TK4BI, 29/L/77. Kor TK471, 28/36/7. rov 20. Tnv err<vcr <o rcroeov), yro ro r<ooxoiprrou 1941, iver oe 6xBeon roD Kol o Av. Tznlrog: lp. Oapoxog, Apng BeAouxtrng, .n., o.35, 197-200. 27. ADKI, TK4BL, 29/ I / 21, 25, 27, 29. -Eronynon Erowou orn B'Iloveorxn Xuvrooxeryn rou KKE (exepprog Exoerg K.E. rou 1942):AKa xpvta ayveg (1935-1945), KKE, ABnvo, 1945,a. I42, l4g. 22. ADKI, Tl<481,29/7/r, 2, 4, 8, 10, 13, lB,24, 26. 29 23. AEKI, T1<487, / r / 20, 30, 3r. 24. AEI<I,TK BI,29/I/74, 15, 16, 17, 19, 21. Edons: lp. OopoKoS,O EAAE xat n t{,ouoia, .r., r. B', a.257^258. 25. ADKI, "IK4B1, 29/ 7/ 33. ExBeon Nixng Aoponoou, yuvoixog rou lp. Xxogio. eg xor: fopi.Lng cqrnttrog, '44 exppng ror Aprorepn roEcrvict. Ero: AKppng LoD - Neegnpooeyyioerg (Enr1rero: - Nercpn peuva lp. OopoKoS),<Ori.iorop>, ASnvo 1996,o. 133-134 I

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43

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&

:t,

vo eivor or,oo<pcrcig, cplrorrepor royvtiroouv, ro Ire snornpovrr<n enopxeroxor opooyicr, eiog rng EuxonaSooyiogon rnv onoict clc4rgioo e rooxe o lc'lvtmg Meto6S.Exouv otoorcorn urx rou Hpepoct' ro8eon roDSro oucrpcrpro ylou rou nop'Aoro xevo tou,opxtNon cntycvpevcr.llovrcog, xor pvo ro yeyovEu xporouoe pexpr reougnpepoyro pe rroro nsprexollvo oeverf,n. nprirn eycorrn noreeitrricr O roroprxg, prog,eivot urloxpeullrvogvo ovoyvtopioer rov Mercrf,,cr pvo tog rn peyourepn xt orporrorrxn rroqulcrrne enoxns rou orn xt,-rpo UoS, q,\tro Kor os ro onlrcffuxrepo notrx nYcrn rns pero rov Eettrpro Bevzo oro upro pro rou 20ouorvq. Au rn oxonrq outn, o E0vrrg Arxoopg onoxro oxpn pio. roorqon - oro prpo noo excrr unyooe ou rnv ouvolrio Bevrzeou Merof,ctvo ouvepyoorovNot vcronoteleoouv evo.Scruporoupy uonxoorpcLrr,mxiupo (nog n.x. Seopn0nxe ro iutrtoMniogopx-M.Lure ornv flpt*roio). H ouvolricr ouvepycroiog onoronnore ev AvriOero,o Bevrzog nponOeou rov Bevrzeo. rou Merof,o on rnv npttenriarfe rn ouvepycloicl rn orrypn nou qveo8ernv ef,ouoio, eurleywrog rov oS urloornorn rou oro unoupyeio Xrpoucouxotv. pozi rou xonrorcr Kot ouvexroe vo ouvepytrzercrt oxev yro frevr xpvto, npor4rvrog rerxo rov Mercrf,croE opxny rou Enneeiou on rov Bircrrlpo Aoopovn. O Merof,o.g nrov ereivog nou crn rnv npo.)rn onypn uvrepooeappoornUevoornv epnorooDvn Ontlg goiveror cru rrou ro erxveo Bevrzog. po rou iuct rov rc HpepoAyto, icooe crpxrr< (ruurxo og unoourorn, oo ouoroorov Bevrzo ouxcr og oqroutroo) oov qoqvrouro rnpporrNn xcuooroon,nou ozeoe nivuvo tnv ctqooio-

"t..
.,il

on rou orn uvqoreio,ntron rnv ircrrnv rlpn Kcrr pororo pe rcl nporou rnv oxeporrnrct - optpt'tvct Eror, n ouoorxo rpruno nou eixe o<poporoer. rou ooeoqruxooyrrn crvcroqoero Merofcr rov eurlooilrKcrv ouvnro0ov8eirnv enroyn rou oJS vct ocv rrayro.' orn ou rov Bevrzo Tooepo xpvro opyrepo, tqv nrov ilro uflopvo ouvxrze rou xnyg rou Enueeiou,o Bevrzog elrnroroovn.Av ovooyroreixoeixver trreyon eivqr Koronnr<uxctourq veig oon crNoo8nocrv, noD ypcteeo Merof,og orn yuvoixo rou. orlg 31 Iouiou1914:<XBtEeixalte pe rov Bevtztov tputpeprnmg...n1e va pe eupn o itog Kal va ltou emn... tt pag ouvet nouerng gtia, xat ayct' rrn, ;r.atapotaia u<pno4,... ott pe Scopei tlttAov rou x).a. x.n.>.'Kcrr ucr}r n ovripoon rou Merof,,crnrov qruxoncrSooyrxn.Xopig vo lreoooeYpoeeev lrnvo opyrenoerrinore perof, roDS, Beet unopcr (orrg 29 Auyoorou)'.<O Bevtzog rceig.Av t1to 1tageyri tErnv e{oooiav, tore ev npo0a pa1n noa aniru azet o oQKxog>.'' xenor pvo yro upr,pn eKepoon qoof,ictg, o.LqNclryro onern, nou exnveroroouyxpornro. Erov ropoypvo rpuxrop rou Merof,o npsnel, pizeg rng ttoruov,vo nvoznrn8ov or cr8urepeg

44

l-lourq o pevn) upoor,nrxn ouponrou otol.lg Boxcrvrxog yeppovgrog ev rng lloepouE,pe xoputpoioeiypcrro oxro rer- Mero{fg, ng xng eniSeong nou onynoe otnv uron rov ltoctwi- exollje yequpeg pe ore rq vrrlv. Ao oxpn II1o no evtu[trlotcrzet n ropcrfeppovio ur<rnrurou oS npos rn lrxpoolclrrxn epnoxn. H vo(ronKri pe orn ecrErxng elreKrcrong Mr- (e6 rov ovri0eon roDorn recr of nn onro 1915.Qoroo, fxeUneq), xpn Aoio eixe ei<ppoorei Kol niorrq,s oug 25 xcrr 29 Mopriou 1921,o . lovapng, o A. (tnevuoe" flgrlrononoxng Kor o N. Oeorxng rov enieoov orq nornx oeopnrclvo ovooettnv ouoloottKnoTpotlrtlKn vixq rou euOvnyro"rn Mrr<poororrxnexotporeio, nou ev oyyooo{ouro vo ro1rooov roxqrouv.O Merof,og o.pvnBnxe rdopou vo euoycr oulrUsprorei rnv euOuvn yrcr evov noepo rrou 8crxornyeoe eorn xoroorpoqtn.Me oorougouvoprnreg eerf,e rpovroxro eurxerpnporcr, eu evuunpxe orporrounn onrou oref,ou, ouenore8q Guoexrov nern ro roupNrxOvoE rov oprorKlKo crKpornproprng xdpog rou. <Eivat noutxn xataxrnoeo4 actpn woouvrog vo u' nootn rnv xateKrnotv>., To pvnpvro ttou ouvtrof,e o irog rre, yro ug o ouvoprieg,onoteouv pvnpeia xr pvo rng rrng rou roporrxrruog Kor uneu8uvrnrcrg,oo Kclr rns eyxnpcrurxnsovuBuvrruog t',rv ouvolnnrv rou - nonro europuvuKo on ocr Notor0nr<cvcrpyrepoorn ixn rous, nou xornf,eotnv ertetreon toug.' An rn orrypn uou opvnSnxe vo ouppprorer nyeoicrg unopeicr crvuevrzerxng rng rnv o.Le8pro qKoouBnoe rx ro u rov fouvcrpn, o Mercrf,crg rou ppo. Xuxvtr yeror u unnpf,e criloruxnpeev unnpf,e uevog toguourxg opxnyg.Qoroo, Kpornseuno8los evcvriov rou Bevlzsou IIou rov proorepoonoruxnpvogn.x. on rov fuilpyro KoKupieDoe ouvxelo. Arotpopenxo, oure n Yporn povoEriooure n npooxnon orov Ktovorcrvrivo Eowpn. Kcrror uo npoonconoov vo ovcloDYKpornoouv rnv rnporof,n rouguu rn rxn rougnyeoio on pveg toug. Bocrpxooov - o Merof,og tnrz ovttevrzerxn pe ro xppo. rrrlv otnv O EBvrxg Arxoopg ovoyeror ouvn0og rn Eleu0epogpvrrrvcrn to 1922, o Koqrovrcrpng lIoA' Bevrzeou-Krrrvorcrvrivou. npoorrrmxn oxon evrzerxn pe ro rppo rotv llpooeuuxv @reouoxerouxo oiptrrororov ef,nyouv (enrncrrcr) ou to L924. Auo ro 1928,oUoS,Kor or eu0pr'rv ef,ioou noSopronpc,tg r,ig roqovio rcovuo. Iocog xn unnpf,en upooonrxn oxeon Bevueou-Mero- o ueprBorprouotn8nxov.O KcttpovropngrrclpctUepiornxe on rov Bevrzo,ev o Merof,,oguuep[o, oEou o Mercrf,trgxr pvo ennpozerov Kclv' ro efafooe orcroepo upoytrto- qcroyyiornxe r rov Ilovoyn Too.Lopn. orqwivo, qo NCrr rou Xng enoyg 1926,ng npreg pe ovnoyrxn, ro oro or<po. Aurgnupornoe ro rxooppe rnv o Merof,og eixe xotcrqrepsr vo ouYKsvrpooer npor<Lnrrxnnopctirru;n rou on rnv opxnyicr rou 15,78%,vqvu 20,23% rou ctixoKpporoguno rou 1915.Aurog ouznEnueeiou, Oepoutrpro ro Xro rov Tocrcrpn. ouvoottov ovuevtzerrv, ro t-rgon nNpn Kol rn oogovio rooe opyrepcr nrcv 3B%. Xrn ouuooooro rr,rv Eeuaepoqrpvtlv Aurg uunpf,e o rOvatvvoug nioo rouBevrzeou. rloD vxero, an ro uvre x1r1roro ouYKpornoovtlrv on ro xivnpcr ro:v Eurorptnc'rv. Aurgeuriofe or<upvnon, Merof,og, Koqowctpng Orr<oulrevrr<n oo roveig rmr vonn oyxpouon Ue roDSAyyoxor Mrxo-Loxnouog enorlriornxov r<ornnpu-rocl yooug Noepprcrvtr roo 1916.Axpn r<orro orcr Moro rou 1917,ruros noprpuverov Kr,,rvotovrivo ro nourr<xorog tng olxovoplxng orcr8eponoinonEpxpr reloug (nlan Uexprto Moro rou 1928). vo xoro<pyer ornv Tpiuon Kol vo upooer ovrirnv AvriSero o Tool,crpngeyxoreuye nu8pvnon ovri on rnv fleonwnoo, oicronpxprg eoxoro.rv evo xpvo vr,rpirepo,prg ueruxe tous oroxous rou vq euysr oro ef,oreprx. Aneifie rot cLnoroxrov). frq rnv ovoyvpron rng orpuouxng trotpuiog (xupiog rnv errcwcl(popa ropo tr n oulrperoxnornv erouMerof,o 8o opxooe ioog n (eoxrorotrrelern- orov crvttevrzerr<

45

ANO TO AIXAIVO IrO <OXI'

f,ouoicrev onqlooe (axpn) rnv cvoYvopton rns oooieurng nlroxporiog, uou o Meraf,og eixe oreuorl vo ouoex8ei urr rnv nprn orrypn, ro 1924. AxoLouBnoe or<qroxern roppon oreexotv orov Tooopn. Eug er<oronov qu rov Merof,,cr ovo.troyour<oyg 1928,oroug Eeu8epEpoveg rou rou oe nov prg 5,30%, 'tvwtt 23,94o/o Auixou K14rorog.An ro ovolo t<,rvqvuevzerxv, lrovo 16% onepeveorov Metcrf,,o. A{izey novnog,vo onpero8ei n rerouurtnto xor n of,,ueprer Ue rnv onoio. o Merofi,og eixe ovouoer rnv envrxn rorvrovrxn xor uourxn npoypourrnro, nn nu ro 1920. Exovros rrporoo ou rn feppovio uopqorooerg oopovouoes oo xor on rnv lrqi, Beopooero ooororop EAnv epyarng eivat eneiooxro ornv EIua. <<O paAAov unoynqtog pircpoooToE napa optottxog

x!'} e$?x${&*s ry{;vpys$ie f,,ovtxo ffieirx{*ffimq xopou> x&v exxxr***yx/xmq {*}q e"$rlffi$mxsx*"} Ke{-{ $k3exm&m,

l'
46

(ouocrypevog nxXpmXlex*XlK{i}V ov qu ug yeppovErTS* ff'T* eJm$Upve*ffi egnopodeg uou rov elrurzov vo xover nopporo npeqm ro 1915).Eixe ror rnv nenoiBnon u n Eoo, Koiprcr euronpovon, uou rcunpei oxpn lrlrrr(npooaprvg ouAapevn> orn ropxero npoAeuaptog>.u rn rcryvalorrxnrng of,io pexpr onpcpo. rou no1rou, prorrov rerxq oro orpcrneo 8o H pcr rou Mercrf,oog eniof,ourrcoropo npBe rouqxrorov K,rvvu<nrv xor po}roro peyoro1revn, ro Mopuo rou 1936,Ue rnv ovonqm crpxrxo rou uxoro rcr Ar,rexavnoo(urogorprdg eyrve). noupyeiou Erporrouxv. Aroo8noov n upr.lSutnv olreon H Eo<r puopooe vo ctrroeuyer 8o. uoupyio Kor n 4n Auyoorou. H po tou pr'rg r.lg epnorn rng oe uepo pvo pe rnv tKouoro rlpopeyoou no.Lnrxo nyrn eonpove rov rov f,uoxpnon rng orn <No Tof,,n> rou Af,ovo xor por[vnoe o fkptor ro xopopcro mS 2BnSOrrr,rpiou oxpornproop rng oe georo Ue rov orr<ero8en euopi1940.( Eov rorlrogon xorp> o Merof,o.g og rng Iruiog Kor rng Bouyopiog.Xrnv uepiurroeu8uvn tou <Oxu. ornxe ovevoicototnv roroprr<n upoeuercronoontou Kpoon crurn, o Merof,,o.g ev pinoe pvo ef, ovporog Kor yrq oyoproop roug, ucog ro 1916. Me tnv unoornprf,,n tng ooor,r- Ayyicrg Kor rnv rotruqrn rou otou rng, 8o upotou envrxo .Loou. nou tov qr<otro8noe pog, oIo r<oreEoppooeouvernro rnv nourxn xuure pio o}n <flpoor^lprvnKuepvnon> rououou eixe npo uoou ouoEooioer - rn pvn nou uxlorov orn vnorouKn Eoo, yro vo uoelrnoer oulrEpovro ro rrnperouopor<poup8eo1ro e8vrr<o [,ovo ef, ovpnrog rou upoo1rvouOvoug. rng El,crog. uunpf,,e r<orono Exeivn rn vxrc, o Merof,,og nlroepevogqu rov E8vrx rxcrop xcrr e-ov xr o govog xoronog- vcr o)<ovrcrs n}npn euiyvoon rorv rxv rou mo Iog ovBpronog Av rrc cuBuvv, o Merof,,ognrcv clrrogooropcnqvrnoer oro uqrx reeoiypoEo. orn 8on rou vos vo onorpqer rnv enovonqrntou xqr rxroropog o Ilootnpog, ov noeixe peOeicog oro B'floyropro flepo. Aiyo lprv ue8o.n eixe emxpornoer ro Kivnpo tou 1935,eivcrrver, ypcnpe 5 Iovouopiou l94l: <Oa pag oDyxaoug oro u n ouqvrnon tou 8o. nrov roEopeuxn. To pnon o Oeg[uo f,erg onopves] ro 1915;aiyro opropvougntronoSeig xorvoiro roxuer Kor pe Aot! Kt o Bevtzogaxpa! Tpa arc1avopat ooreivor uog o Ko.gcrvrcrpng.'Or oueuuxog, ornv oug 30 Oruorpinoo epratf,al>.'Oovrog rnv olrgioo ov 0o r8erqvto oOvog, orloeoorou 1940, vo volrrlrouornoer rnv onqoon rou otoug ouxrnro Kor rn roporrxrnro rou Meroto.. Aur onoougKcu rorv o roroprxv noporo.f,,er.lvevrrouoxrorov eixver n pxpr tre (ol,o Kor n Uezerr<og xor qvuevrzerxoug- ef,nynoe u or<oreneno.)noneio roug. oBnoe opxnro rnv uoLurxn tou Kr.ivorcvrivou, o Our,lgef,,nynoe irog oug 30 Oxropiou,'o Menqn rnv ouereprnrq, uIo nn, pero rnv om[,og npo],ere rnv rexn vixn rou <AyyAooa-

Anpituos A0r{vo,
xor oxpn ror on oorEpoveg pe onropevo vo r<o0eorg pvo rxroroprx, ou Kor too xr npooc'nonayS, ote nrtrv xorqrxoopvo vo ef,,oEovrorei pe ro Sovoro rou rr<roropo nrogouvoro0crvrovror o irog xcrr nog npoypou ouvn. oto8nxe oMovoxrxg oo nor oore,o Mercrf,crg pio ovrimyn mg ef,ouoiog vir<ovogvo f,,enepnoer nou eixe nrunoer qu ro 1920xcu inov xrpvo r<uvrrn, oq r<qrxcrBoporyuxouoBooytxn, ovro<)xovorl.vrog rn rxn rou rpoyrxn crvooEoero: tng anoxrnoeag rngefouoiag eive] n iKavoag... 1938'0 I' rpo0unoupYq Meru{69xot o Topxog ouoYq rou Molpor MnaYtfp T(e6 x0lptrouv Kll Q00YY|I8S i:I]^e.!-|9.t":lt* ::Y.Tt-tfl*' I|]:^l:::^,,.. ..,-

Autv rov oria npog nawq dAov n.Inv eaDtout>." vo au0pevo Eo trov <o.ov) e1rel,e u)'npoer novoxprSon xpo. Axpn Kol tnv otorn ouypn, rpK^run rolKn e[Ii8eon, ev Ullopooe Ilcrp v(r oKoou8noer

n xat ioaE- ioag,xara aBog, anaA\ayn an rcu ,ifnuorup*,*,{i' ot rpou onoiov epnveouolv aA\ot, n uoat- ouvd,iKnq rov

exaotot tou noinots y@Kvtptolto avlpnou.. ffi|?llffi

rli

Kffi* xe $\fisxsx &ev{xr&yffit! &wxw&m *ie Kffiv{&mmex$m x*e}, wwxa'{mxe#{erm &pK!tr npffiv&,m,Kmet $3i& p&vffiffi,e eKexs{vKffixm ffirTffitrLivmtrm Ks

rnv ohrrKn rou Bevlzou, nqn ro <oovraurtop> rng EMoog pe rn Solooooxporerpo Ayyio. Ooroo, ore ro peyoeio rng anEoong rou oure n qrrlrn loir<n unoornprf,n oro npoolurou xoroEepov vcr urpoouv rov Merof,,o on rnv Uruxolct8ooyio roD Kor npouovrg crn rnv quooqouvootpoero rou. Euxvo txer oropovo8ei on ro HpepoLyto n Epoon <Eipat xat xovrg>, aav xt'r1[r ororxeio.llpxe[or pog yro rpoytxn qpororoprx uqioro, non oug on oro ouyKsKprlrevo roat AyyAav. EfiieBa 30 Noelrpiou 1940:<Anr1te Aot. Me npooxouv noAu oAiyov. Aev {pa Etar AyyAtxa. Eipat xat t<ovtg>>.'o -UeroveKuKo xor rolruef,rr<o- oro8ovrov (ox1rn) o trvOponog nou exeivn rn orrypn ororeooe tov oroptpronrnro e8vrr< nyrn rng El,oqS xor ro povorx oppoxo rng Bperoviog. pexpr rl,ougeoprogrng quxono.BoOu uunpf,,e oyiog rou epuroe rov Meruf,,o vo npoerorlrooer rn xpo -xr orporrouxo, nog Eovrozovror geprxoi, o.onpouovrg noAna. ev npoeroigooe notrr<orn xpo riog yro rnv nepintoon nou 0q prorrov uu ex8prxn xoroxn, ucoglpoeeue xor o irog. Eixe uponynOei upo noon xcuol.nryn Kot Kctrcxh aAAov pu<pv xopv ou roug leppovoug, uorxrio roxuKv no.poeryponpoorppovrcrg rcov. Xrnv uepinrr,ronn.x. rns Nopnyiog, oorrog crn ro Aovxor r<upvnonouvxtzov rov ne1ro rn ivo, rornpdrvrog ouoroouno o.A.tilnrn volrrlrrnro roug ornv r<orexpevn xpo. AvriSerq, n Eoo UrrnKe orov uepo pe vooorro olrEr-

o Menf,og ev exqve to uopoprxp yro vo reupuver, eorc,t, ruepvnon rou. aev rovonSnxe r<crv rnv vo. npovonoel yrcr rn rooxn tou, poovurrpoorrt oBovLov ro ttrogtou ntov rovro,. Eror, pe ro Bovoro rou Merof,,o oug 29 Iovouopi[pclYUotrKou ou 1941Kor Ue rnv nnvra\n erqrn qvuxoroororn rou, opxroe pio poyoio rcr oxotooxern onoov8eon, uou euttoxv8nxe percr tn yeppovrxn eroon. Etnv El,oq, n Koroxn ev ouveuoyrcrv oncirgvcr xev ef,ouoiog, ut:g oe oegxpeg (oov rn Nopnyio). Enovevepyouoinoe pio oneipog voonptepn Kr yevtKrepnxpion ou ro 1935.Avorf,eevoptltrnrag, uou ooooe ouYKpouoels rou ror o cror<g Arouyro epEureg Kol flou an uouro<popeur<g er<eiveg Qovrctzotcrv n8ee vo ouorpEer o Merof,,og. 'HMEIOEEI'
L. Hliepo^Vio, r. B', oo. 17-49. 2. O. n., a.335. 3. O. n., a. 357. 4. O. n.. r. | . o. 85. 5. O. n., aa.7l-107. 6. O. n.. T. B'. o. 638. 7. AloKro ror o-,nyeon (xor qruxooyrxn eppnveio) ro euEuoynpo rou KoEowopn u roxo <eine to OXI o pvog nou nvoto vo nel NAI). B. Xroug rroxrnreg xtrr o.pxrouvroxteg rou oEnvoixo Tnou. B)t. Hpepoyto, t. , oo. 520-526. 9. O. rr., o. 556. I0. O. n., a.540. 11. O. n., r. B', o.634.

.0TMOH 'HIITXO
tou K,LrANoH fptse guXrdtpou orotxeiu tou krnwn Meto6 cruoteov o ouroroypoqnxcr evo uprng rof,,eoguLrx yro rnv eppnveicroprolrronoxngperof,u rng iloInKnS Kc[ vt:v Eorvolrvr,rv rng xorvovrxng no8ooyiog,rq onoio nvorrrooowor oe evo opropvoxorvrovrxxor roropx noioro uou npruuo rng xupropxeiurr or' to uto ooxnpc4rvo vw oxrzoEpverog, e{oworppveta. Mocrou ro <Hpepoylo), ro <Ayot KoJ oKWeqD :rloLto <Teooepa xpvta tctxvepvnoeotg> xoroypoEerorn nopeio rng zong evgov8puou uou yewnOnxe ornv IBcrrn argl2/4/1871 oe prq ou{oyevelo n ouoio.uue0o}ne ug peyoolrovroKS rooers ro regpeyo-eiou, poou rcrr ug noponpnpcruKes ooe.\Eg(xovowog rov l.e1xo) u'rv onoirrrvo vog ev n1m8nxeornv qruxrrronKol ro q.,uxrctrpeio. o ivo rogo kocrnmgMerof,og(r<oro(ppvowos rcnnpnrou oel rov eeyxorns UrDxoorKng xorooroons 1reoct oe xorvovtxg oroexr noioro) ug euvuoe o' vo. pxr, uoon Buoio, rexixnon Kc[ roxoroxn mg ef,ouoiog. Eror on ug emxLnoerg Eovrcrouxv titrov euyewt veiog r<oro rnv np4rn lepioo rng zrrmg (<Eipat xpnE>, A 489, <Avnxw ornv aprcrcKpaa4 A uou oppoyize527),orepo on pro poxpo rapo1rn ror on ug ouougrou orn feppwio Kor rn orpctornv Equcmxn rou xoprpo oe eftepoug poug o, <prooe ornv uounBnrnxoroxrnon rng eSouoiqs (oro xor c'lgyer'nonorg woxtpcov) uoupuorc,rv pooe vcr orrogoiveror rlrog<np0t yn va orboetrnv E^^aa>, n onoio <eupioxerc oro xeiAog tou WperorJ ltou> (<4 xpr,ro, A 179),pe rc <r<pog>) rrpooere o' ourn rnv ouEovon n ef,noEoropvn<0eogrxn> el,etqmwri-Loyou r<orro opog rou rrponouMe npoofxouvyuvrouxou pnxwropo rou xa8eorrog. no oiyov. Meoo on ro ypanr (<HpepoAoyroi) r<orrov upoElgot xovrq" rpoprxrou tryo (<Ayot Iavtvvou Mem{a4 <To' xot

ovoeoepa xpvta taxuepvnoeag I. MeraScn>) ror n ilpooorrrxrnro evgorpou peyoolrwougr<or Avnxa oupneyporrrcou(<<Eipat xpng>, A, 489, << npooexouv noAu A otnv aprcLoKpado>, 527,<<Me arcpog oAiyov. Eipat xat xovrE>,L 540,<<Eipat poa pout>,f 157).Epgovorg m/errctpKous ulepKcr (<Ouv npAnpa aAurov ta o'rxoeycouoSoug laavvnv Meru{a4 <Eyrittotxooa rc otpar>, rcv B 270, <[Oa napoqte ta laav'vwa] Mvo eav unayet et<eio Meru{ag. Ennya. Ta nnpalte>, | 9B).feporou piooug Yrq rov r<oponou ev woyvt'lpizer rn (<H <geyooguicu>rov rltuxnpou eivat yepamxoAn xat ltioog>, f 640). Mmoixqxou xol exrrmxo (rpergo<pvnotxaKia xara rcu xo1tou>1.637,<apa ayxoa ey, ev arpnva euxoAa. Eipat pnouA' wx>B 140).roxorexpevouon g8vo r<orpioog yr rotJsno[rxoug uou oor<ov ef,ouoiornv ouoic euogSopro o irog (<Ot notttxoi eivai Bearpivot> L | 674,<Neupa.Me unoupyot'geipat prcupeAog>, 477).Ancf,,r'ruxou yro noro ennuxi ev eivor rxn rou (<O; aAxavrcoi nAepot eivu tDxotaxttoe xoi>.B166-9). Oovqutrcur<muvevoioorou oxeon pe rn rexixnon Kol rn ror<qroxnrng ef,ouoiog,rKctrornv emlolm xerpoYoxcrvrorououg ivrpryr<eg yoryevov ouvepyorv onvqwr orougonoiougrornpei pro pv4rn xcxuuotyicr (<<wnrca npog oug, ^ 378). Anepowo exbg Atdxot: xat Mawawu, (<xpurpaxaio. MavouAa pou, yAuwcrotpoog xeta pou pavoAa>,t 39L, <Eipat aroApogpeoa

48

0 rxroropog
pop<pverorqn rnv emon tou ef,ouoroEpevrKou xfro on ro n oppoo uporuou uovo otnv oroprxn npoot-rurxtmcr, rou rou <oxrzoqrpvero> ei<qrpozer vov opropvo runo m- xo0eor6rog oroons LouoLpou ou rnv npoyponxrnro. n oroio ev eivcrrnrcruvcnvcrovoyvrrrpizeror vo rvexor rclr oS rrpoy1rouxrnrcr ro oulxeKprlrvooropo. E' on crureg ouvBnxeg, rc napanpryta, ef,oeirpowog rrg noopouxo ourn rn rooroon, onoreei Fro Un-ouvo vernrn xor oorprc'4revn npoonoOerorou or1rou eltoveyKcrrcrornoer r<onorq<r6o4rn> oxton Ue rnv (uoponpnporrxo peroo11rvn)upoyporu<rnro, n ouoio, pon on' qurn rn pero-\nyn, nouer vo uqiorcrrcu orolxeio rquuK emxivuvo yro rnv Docrv n nopf,n Louoroluxo uuorerlrvou. Ero neio tng xotvavtxng naBoAoyiag, nou ropopErirvetor cru tnv euron rou oxrzotppevrxo rrporDrroD nqvo oto xorvrovrxopo, n ef,ouoroEpevercrer<qrpcrzer pr,r1rnrooroon rng ef,ouoiogon rn rnv uqlorc4revnnpcryporrxrruo,rnv onoio ev eivor uvol vo Lnvovoyvtrpizer npollrorxrruo. yroLi t,rs gro rroroovoyvpron ouvenoyeurrrnv opEronrnon rov yov rng uuopf,ngxor onyei ornv cruroovoipeon rng og ef,ouoicrg. E'ourgug ouv0nxeg,n teooyia, nc6n o ncrponpnlrorrrgyogrng ef,ouoiog, ouoreef,oeiqowogrrtrqoUorrKo rourn rn rcrorcron, ei pro ouvernrn xor ouyxpvc'rg oouveinrn, oi,orpnolrr'nxor rouroxpvc,rg o-\orpr,urn upoounBercr <rtirrcrpxg r<crnorcr rng ef,ouoiog euoveyxoBrorcr vo pero-\.oypevn) o4rn> oxon rng Uernv Qeooymn npolporu<rnro, n ouoio, peocrcrn' crurnrn perooyn. nocr vo. urpiorororug ororxeio nou eyxupovei oxoerg xrvuvougyro ug uqnorolreveg ef,ouoroouxeg xor reiver orn u<nicoon uuopf,ngroDS, nnpn rng oe pe oyrr<nouvnercr pro ooxn ef,ouoroouxn opxn, ouUeovope rnv onoicr<rav n fieooyia ev oultqavei pe Lnv npavpaxrma, roo ro xJpoLepo Vla rnv... n paypauxrnra>. O uprog ppog,rrov ouvnBag onyei oro qruxrctrpeio, uxoouBn8nxe ou rov oetpro Iioown Merof,n.O eurepog ppog, nou evioreonyei ornv oxoou8n8nxeo.urov iro xoroxrnon rng ef,ouoiog, rov Ioqvvn Merof,o.. Ernv npdrrnrcpinrtoon. ro lipnpo pros Uruxt.lorKng pe oxoong nou er<ntovrcrv rpuoug uou ev nrov xorvorvrxoonoexroi, xoronOnxeon prcrorKoyqruxoverq. Ern eurepnuepiuroon, ro riynpo Urctg orxng xorooroons rroDexnovrov pe rpuougnou ntcrv xorvrtrvrxcr onoer<roi.nnoonxe qrl evcrvornpo o. Eug oeiegrng envrxng roropiog nou rolropn EBnrcnr Kor Ur rnv (1r1reon opeon) oulrlreroxn rou Icoown Merof,,o, eivor euxolo vcr ovrxveuSei n onef,oprnongerof,,u'lv uefuivrng orolnxng xor rng xorvovrxns Kor vo npooroprorouvor KorvovrKS xor oDverrersg ef,ouoroqpvercrg rcovreooyrxtirv rng I lcrpo^npnpcrrov ms.

pe opErBupiog ug yuvoireg, ltots>,I157).Me oxeoerg ug ouoiegnoBeixor tpoctorouyxpvr,lg(yr'nur r<or xoro rn rcrpxero onouv rou orn leppcrvio eixe rcov g< o-,enoneetrxauxg nepnzrslrg, Ueyuvoixeg <xattegav xowrovtxv otpallauov>, ug onoieg pnopei vo peroxerpizeror xoro onon, nog upoxuurei qn roug uo uproug rpoug rou <Hlrepooyrou)rou). Merof,crgcruMoo ou ro xeipevo rou, o Itoo'unmE rooxroypoqreiror Eopogprog orppnroonlouorno4 uxng oxcqmgnou tcivcr ovoyxoorrxoornv xoNonoinon Kc[ rn rcrorpeLc'ron yriloocrs, rnv rumrng Ue xn oixiouxn <xouroupo>, rov xevoyoeppncrro1r rnv rflrg oloBnrrKn uou ouvBerouvrnv nxor prnpopnxrpoxtnproo1rn tou ooxnpomxo<nyernD rns peoouoeprxng ueprou. Euverg, Bo puopooevq ex8ei rr, on' qurn rnv uoqn, o kopio on ug uogemol'r,ngMerof,crg onoreooe ppougef,orolreDpves exnoerg rng ef,ouororppveng nou uupoorouvtcv ropxg oe prcr enoxn (rn peoonoe1nxn) xoro rnv onoio n xorvt'-rvio, xooe rcroroon xoOou<ng xpiong, ouvorouoevo opBpoer onoronuorevonporooux yo yro rnv ropf,n rng.M'on yro,n upoooul<n rou xrpo1rn r<or n roroprxn rou nopouoio Unopouv vo.xqroorov xqpvo eov ewox8ov peoo rovorues eppnveuoqreg Kr orouoiororng orolrrxng xor r<orvrrlurxng uoSooyiog uouxopoxrnpizer pe rroireporpuo xo8e euoxn. Ero neio LrlSaLopiKnEna1oAoyiag, ro onoio ro-

ArrpnouarHr x.E.,
Xpovtxv MeVdnS TSnyaiag, 3n r.. Eoriq. A8nvo 1971

Konronovnor r.r..
IlotvgtScrton- txrarcpia nAepog 1935-1941: petawxg o nagnyowag omv EMda, Eorio, A0nvu 1985

npoyogfloulog B. llerping, eurlreeroer<oong Ayyeog Ereporog, flpooxnvro, A0nvo 1993

BnNrnpur r.,
H EAag rcu 7970-7920,2 t1t.,2n x., IxnpoE, [A8nvu 1970]

Mayporop^AToE r.o.,
EAvlKog uaopq xat pazun opydvaon: ot eniottrntot You7976, ln x., Aef,ovpero, A8nvo 1996

rNaplarol

r..

Bppnunr o.,
Ot enepd.oetgrou Etpatoo omv eMnwxn noAntxn, 1916-L936, Ef,,crrog,ASnvo 1977

fNrNar r.p.,
O Mornoivt xat n EAAda. Eorio, A8nvo 1982

AaoNHrr.,
H EAdg peruf o nopav 792&7940,2ro1t., 2n ex., Ixo.pog, lA0nvol 1974

H ef,arcpxfi noAntxnmg4ng Avyootou xot o nAepog 1940-41, ex. rooyog,A8nvo 1975 Ikiry egtdoape mnv 4n Avyottotou, 5n x., Oelrro, lA8nvol 19BB 4n Auyowto4 5n ex., Oepello, lABnvctl 19BB O lrmvvng Metafdg xat ot Meydeg Auvapeg G936-1940),

Maxarpan.r.,
H veoAaiamg 4ngAuyotmov, levrxn lpolrlroreio Nog fevrcrg, A0nvo 1987

[MBraearr.u.],
To nlnmnnx rou npepohyzo, rp. 1-2, eurpeero Xp. Xpnorin , tp. 3, 1921-1932, eurpero llov. M. Ergvoiog , t1t.4, 1933-1941, eurlreero. @oirov Bpovcrg, rp. 5, yor xor oKUrerS, 1936-1938, 6, rp. yor xor oKeqrorg, 1939-1941, ex. fxoorng, A0nvo t957-71

Fr-prscHnn H.,
E^ da 193&19tM: xmtopia xamxiawiataon: flporcrxo A' reBvoug ),uvepiou Ioropiog, MopEr,nrx Ivortrouro Aypouxng Tpouezng rng troog,A8nvn 1989

Mpraear r.n.,
H totopia rors tvtxo txaopo: (xat mg prclnonuxng xataorpogng), KoBnpeprvn, A8nvq 1935 Hxowawxmg tov Zuwdypatog oupon etg mv zowavnv npooappoouxnv eppnveiav, A0nvo 1967

Kaurrar r<.,
Ilawp&aon xat rcmYopia: lepytog B'xat 4n Avyotfotoo, @urporng,A8nvcr r976

KrruNur 1.N.,
H EAAdg mg 4ng Auyouorov xat at peyahat uvdpe4: ta apxeia tou e)nvxo Ynoupyeiou E{arepuv 193G 7947,In x. Ixopog, A8nvo 1974,2nr. Ee8epnExeErg, A8nvq 1990

Br-rNNnoRN nr.,
Fascism and the rieht in Ewope, 7979-7945, Longman, Harlow, [Ayyio] 2000. -The Metaxas dictatorship: aspects ofGreece, 793&7940, Higham R.-Veremis Th., edits., trLIAMEP, A8nvo 1993

50

pyoiver A0t{vo, 0 l. Mero{q, 1940. neprxopfq rrgexqdroerq on roun{0oug, ond "Mey6n ro orpor4yeio efvor rou eyxoreorqpevo[evoo;1eio oro Bperwrou