International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Research (IJECR) ISSN 2250-0006 Vol.

2, Issue 4 Dec 2012 17-28 TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.,

ECONOMIC REFORMS AND DIVISIONAL ADMINISTRATION IN PUNJAB (2011-12): A CASE STUDY OF FAISALABAD DIVISION
1 1

ABDUL QADIR MUSHTAQ & 2TOHIDAHMA. D

Assistant Professor, Department of History & Pakistan Studies, G C University, Faisalabad, Pakistan Research Officer, Department of History & Pakistan Studies, G C University, Faisalabad, Pakistan

ABSTRACT
The Punjab government has made effort to restore the Commissioners in the province of Punjab so that the government policies can be implemented with great pump and show. With the down fall of the government of Gen. Pervaz Musharaf, it was the effort of the Muslim League (N) to eliminate the devolution system which strengthened the rule of the Dictator. It was declared that the Nazims misused the revenues of the government and had failed in resolving the problems of the people. So the Punjab government decided to appoint the commissioners in the divisions of Punjab and gave them the task to resolve the problems of the people and implement the government policies in effective way. This paper is the case study of Faisalabad Division which presents the efforts of the office of Commissioner for resolving the social and agricultural problems and to devise the policies for facilitating the people of the Division Faisalabad. This paper highlights the efforts of the Divsional administration in mobilizing business community in providing sizeable funds from their own pocket for execution of welfare projects aimed at ameliorating lot of the people and even extend monetary help to the down-trodden & poor segments of the society. It also presents the efforts of the Divisional administration in gathering research scholars to share the ideas, information and expertees research work and other allied resources.

KEYWORDS: Economic Reforms, Pervaz Musharaf, Ameliorating, Faisalabad Division, Muslim League (N) INTRODUCTION
A vast tract of desert lying between Chenab and Ravi rivers was brought under plough in the last decade of 19th Century. With the digging of Lower Chenab Canal it became possible to irrigate this waterless waste. Colonization operations were started in 1892 and completed in 1898. This vast area was then administered from Jhang3. In 1904 a new District named Lyallpur was created with its Headquarter at Lyallpur (now Faisalabad) a town named after Sir James Lyall, the then Lt. Governor of the Punjab. The new District of Lyallpur had four Tehsils i.e. Lyallpur, Jaranwala, Samundri and Toba Tek Singh. Hence-forth Lyallpur functioned as an independent administrative unit. It was then a part of Multan Division. In 1960 a new Civil Division was created with its Headquarter at Sargodha. District Lyallpur was then transferred to this new Division. The other districts included in this new Division were Sargodha, Mianwali and Jhang. Under an historic announcement by the President of Pakistan District Lyallpur was renamed as Faisalabad after the late King Faisal of Saudi Arabia in recognition of his outstanding services to Islam and the Muslim Umma.In order to provide equal opportunities of economic growth to far flung areas of the province the Provincial Government undertook to reorganize the administrative units. Accordingly six new districts and three new Divisions were created with effect from 1.7.1982. Faisalabad witnessed two changes in the process. In the first place Toba Tek Singh Sub Division was separated from Faisalabad District and given the status of an independent district and in the second place Faisalabad itself was raised Jhang in local dialect means grove of trees. Jhang was invaded by the forces of Alexander the Great on his way back to Macedonia in the 4th century BC. The city of Jhang was founded by Mal Khan Sial in 1462 AD. Sial tribe ruled this city for 360 years and the last ruler of the Sial Tribe was Ahmad Khan from 1812 to 1822 before the Sikhs took over. And from the rule of the Sikh, Jhang was taken over by the British. The District was created in 1849.
3

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Abdul Qadir Mushtaq & Tohidahma. D

to the status of Divisional Headquarter. The new Civil Division which started functioning with effect from 1.7.1982 is called Faisalabad Division and comprises districts of Faisalabad, Jhang and Toba TekSignh. On 01.07.2009 new district Chiniot, bifurcating district Jhang, was established and added in Faisalabad Division. Chiniot was previously Tehsil of District Jhang. On 1st July, 2009, Chiniot was raised to the status of District and trifurcated into three Tehsils namely Chiniot, Bhowana&Lalian. Chiniot has an area of 2643 Sq. KM and an estimated population of 1.2 Million. The district is divided into 44 Union Councils. Table 1 Population Urban Rural In Million % % Faisalabad 5856 7.5 43 57 Jhang 6271 2.5 24 76 T.T.Singh 3259 1.6 19 81 Chinot 2643 1.2 30 70 Total 18029 12.8 29 71 (Official Record, commissioner office, Faisalabad) District Area

FAISALABAD DEVELOPMENT TRUST (YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT 2010)

There are hardly some industrial / business magnates in the country who provide sizeable funds from their own pocket for execution of welfare projects aimed at ameliorating lot of the people and even extend monetary help to the down-trodden & poor segments of the society. But the exceptions are there. It is worth mentioning that 10 eminent and enthusiastic young industrialists and top business tycoons of Faisalabad, having excellent and unblemished repute, joined hands to develop and beautify the city and render help to needy people. For this cherished objective, they constituted the Faisalabad Development Trust on the motivation and vision of Divisional Commissioner, Syed TahirHussain, and after framing the memorandum of article embodying the rules and by-laws, got it registered from the registrar joint stock companies, under societies registration Act, 1860.4 Table 2 Sr No 1 Name Mian Muhammad Tayyab, Tayyab Group of Industries Designation Chairman Vice Chairman Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member Member

2 ShaiqJaved, J.K Group 3 Syed Omer Shah, Hassan Limited 4 Ahmad Shafi, Crescent Textile 5 Abid Kamal, Kamal Textile 6 Sheikh Hassan Munawar, Azhar Corporation (Gai Soap) 7 NazimShahzad, Ittehad Textile Mills 8 Omer Farooq Khan, Pepsi Cola, Faisalabad 9 Muhammad WaseemMukhtar, Ibrahim Group 10 Muhammad Amir, Five Star Industries Ex.Officio 11 Commissioner Faisalabad Division Faisalabad. 12 Regional Police Officer, Faisalabad Division. 13 District Coordination Officer, Faisalabad. 14 District Coordination Officer, T.T.Singh 15 District Coordination Officer, Jhang. 16 District Coordination Officer, Chiniot. (Official Record Commissioner Office)

Interview Commissioner Faisalabad dated 4-06-12

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ACHIEVEMENTS
1. 2. Face-lifting and beautification of the general bus stand Faisalabad. Constructed of road dividers on Jhang road, development of grassy plots along this important road and provision of sitting Huts right from vegetable market, outside Jhang bazaar, up to Faisalabad Airport, which entailed an expenditure of Rupees 1.5 Million. 3. The Trust has constructed 200 houses in the Ravaging Flood-Hit areas of Punjab for the effected and needy people and handed them over to the Administration for allotment to the most deserving families. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Construction of houses in Shehbaz Town. Construction of building of Faisalabad Development Trust. Dispatch of 02 trucks of relief goods to the flood affectees of Sindh. More than two hundred scholarships for the needy students of GC University, Faisalabad. Four hundred scholarships for the students of Agriculture University, Faisalabad. Contributed a lot during the dengue campaign5 1. 3. 5. 7. 9. (Official Record Commissioner Office) NS1 Kits Pamphlets Stickers Survey Forms CDs 2. 4. 6. 8. 10. 2,000 1,00,000 10,000 4,00,000 2,000

FUTURE PLAN
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Medicine counters in Allied, DHQ Hospitals and Mian Muhammad Trust Hospital. Ramzan Package. Green Faisalabad Project Zaqat Fund for the poor students & patients. Monetary help to needy persons. Supply of medical equipment Campaign against Dengue Virus. Ambulances for the hospitals.6

FAISALABAD RESEARCH FORUM (2011)

In order to solve the problems of Faisalabad Division, Syed TahirHussain, Commissioner took initiative and established the Research Forum consisting of all the Research Oriented Institutions and its main objects were to share the ideas, information and expertees research work and other allied resources. Its regular meetings are being held in the different institutions as such all the institutions have been provided a joint forum. No 1 2 3
5 6

Name Commissioner Faisalabad Division, Faisalabad Regional Police Officer, Faislaabad DCO, Faisalabad

Interview Mian Muhammad Tayaab, Tayyab Group of Industries, chairman, dated 6-06-12. Ibid.,

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Abdul Qadir Mushtaq & Tohidahma. D

No 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Name Vice Chancellor of University of Agriculture, Faisalabad Vice Chancellor of G.C. University, Faisalabad Vice Chancellor of National Textile University, Faisalabad Principal, Punjab, Medical College, Faisalabad Director General, FDA, Faisalabad Executive Director , NFC, Faisalabad Director General Ayub Agriculture Research Institute, Faisalabad Director General, NIAB, Faisalabad Director General, NIBGE, Faisalabad Director General, Faisalabad Institute of Science & Technology, Faisalabad Director Pakistan Science Center, Faisalabad Executive Director , FIC, Faisalabad Regional Director AIOU, Faisalabad Director of Education Colleges, Faisalabad EDO (Education), Faisalabad

19 Incharge University of Engineering & Technology, Faisalabad (Official Record of Commissioner Office) The dengue issue engulfed the whole Pakistan and created panic within the masses. It became a challenge for the Punjab government to control it and created pleasant atmosphere. In this regard, the research forum organized the seminars for creating awareness among the people. Most of these seminars have been arranged in the Agriculture University Faisalabad. The commissioner Faisalabad presided over the seminars. The prominent speakers were DrAshfaq Ahmed (Dean Agriculture university Faisalabad), DrRiaz Ahmed Dab (Principal Punjab Medical College Faisalabad), DrZakirHussain (Vice Chancellor, GCUF), DrRanaIqrar Ahmed (Vice Chancellor, UAF). Under the banner of FRF, Dr. WaseemAkram, Entomologist, Agriculture University, Faisalabad, Dr. Maqsood Ahmed, Head of the Pharmacy Department, GC University, Faisalabad, Dr. ZahidYasinHashmi, Professor of Medicine, PMC, Faisalabad are jointly making strategy to combat the threat of Dengue Fever and providing assistance to the City District Govt. and District Govts. Of Faisalabad Division.7

WHEAT PROCUREMENT SCHEME 2012 IN FAISALABAD DIVISION

Salient Features of Wheat Procurement Policy 2012-13 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Target (Faisalabad Division) Wheat procurement Arrangements in place Issuance of bardana Commencement of purchase Procurement price * 4,40,000 MT Growers Friendly 12th April, 2012 15th April, 2012 20th April, 2012 Undecided

Delivery Charges @ Rs. 7.50 per 100 Kg wheat in addition to wheat Price, through purchase bills Weight of filled jute bag will be 101.100 Kg and PP bag will be 50.115 Kg. Fair Average Quality (FAQ) wheat will be purchased with maximum moisture contents of 10%.

10. Wheat Purchase Centers of last year may generally be maintained

7

Minutes of the Meetings of Faisalabad Research Board.

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11. Director Food may allow deletion / establishment of centres in consultation with DCO / Deputy Director Food. 12. Middleman will not be allowed to sell wheat to Food Department. 13. Wheat Purchase Centers of last year may generally be maintained 14. Director Food may allow deletion / establishment of centres in consultation with DCO / Deputy Director Food. 15. Middleman will not be allowed to sell wheat to Food Department. 16. Wheat will be purchased in a lot of minimum of 10 bags & maximum of 200 bags to facilitate the small farmers8 17. Polypropylene bags will be issued first so that the same could be stored in godowns. 18. Schedule for issue of bardana a. b. c. d. First 15 days Second 15 days Last 15 days 50% 30% 20%

DCO authorized to vary upto 10% of the scheduled issuance.

19. Bardana will be issued to farmers on first come first serve basis 20. A grower who applies for the bardana will be entertained for max. of 200 jute bags/400 PP bags once during the first fifteen days of procurement at the centre. In case of overcrowding, maximum aforesaid limits may be reduced by the department. 21. No grower would be allowed to repeat his demand within the first fifteen days of procurement at the centre. 22. The logic behind this arrangement is that maximum number of growers who own less than or up to 12.5 acre will be fully accommodated along with others and a sense of equitable distribution would prevail in the masses. It is to be remembered that more than 90% of the growers fall into this category. 23. If bardana having code other than the district code is found purchased, the district in-charge and the center incharge will be responsible. 24. If bardana having code other than the district code is found purchased, the District in-charge and the center incharge will be responsible. 25. Banners showing details of catchments area of the Villages/Mouzas attached will be displayed at every PR or Flag Centre. 26. Bardana will be issued to growers against the security at the rates given below. a. b. Jute bag PP bag Rs. 112/- per bag Rs. 29/- per bag

27. A Gazetted or Revenue Officer will be appointed by the DCO at each centre as Centre Coordinator to supervise arrangements for facilitation of growers at the centre, redress the grievances, settle the disputes, certify the area under wheat crop from the list provided by the patwari/revenue official and recommend the number of bags to be issued.9 28. 8 jute bags or 16 PP bags per acre will be issued to the growers but the total bags issued will not exceed the limit of 200 jute bags or 400 PP bags at one time. In case the entitlement is more than 200 jute or 400 PP bags, then further bags will be issued to the farmers after he brings back the first consignment and repetition will be allowed as per policy 29. Bardana up to 50 jute bags of 100 Kgs or 100 PP bags of 50 Kgs may be issued to the growers only on personal surety of Lumberdar or gazetted officer.
8 9

Official Record of Food Department. Official Record of Commissioner Office Faisalabad.

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Abdul Qadir Mushtaq & Tohidahma. D

30. Bardana will be distributed up to 31st May and filled will be received up to 7th June 2012 31. Private godowns will be hired to store maximum wheat stocks in the covered accommodation. 32. Two officials will be posted at each purchase centre. The officials with pending enquiries of serious nature will not be given posting at a purchase centre 33. Price of wheat will be paid from bank branch attached with flag / P.R. Centre for payment without delay. Payment for up to 50 jute bags (100 PP bags) may be made by the banks in cash, while more than this quantity through only NON-TRANSFERABLE PAYEES ACCOUNT. 34. Three tiers Committees will be notified by the respective District Coordination Officers for District, Tehsil and center to monitor and coordinate the issues and for better dispute resolution. 35. A monitoring and Coordination Committee at District level will be constituted with the following members:1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Concerned MPA as co-opted member District Coordination Officer. District Police Officer Executive District Officer (Agriculture) District Food Controller. Representatives of the Growers Association

36. A monitoring Committee at Tehsil level will be constituted with the following members:1. 2. 3. Assistant Commissioner. Sub-Divisional Police Officer DDO/ Officer Agriculture at the Tehsil level.

37. The Dispute Resolution Committee at the procurement centre will assist the Centre Coordinator to redress the complaints. The Committee will not be involved in issuance of bardana. The Committee at centre will comprise of the following:1. 2. 3. Representative of the MPA. Lumberdar of the Mouza/ Chak. Representatives of the Growers.10

38. Food Department will purchase wheat from specified areas. 39. Procurement timings will be from 8.00 AM to 5.00 PM during the Procurement drive without any holiday even on Sunday. 40. The work at centre will continue without observing any holiday even on Sunday 41. In order to redress the complaints of the growers, Toll Free Numbers will also be installed at Food Secretariat, Directorate and Divisional level. These numbers will be displayed at conspicuous places of each procurement centre. A special team will be deputed to receive and redress the complaints received at these toll free numbers 42. The shifting of wheat stocks plan, if required, may be finalized by the Food Directorate on the suggestions received from the concerned Deputy Directors Food. 43. Transportation to the covered accommodation from Food Department procurement area to PASSCO area may be allowed by the Directorate on case to case basis after thorough scrutiny. 44. Bulk procurement i.e. without issuance of bardana may be made in silos. However, it must be ensured that wheat is purchased only from the genuine growers on verification by Revenue Authorities and Centre Coordinator. 45. All the private buyers will be at liberty to procure and store wheat as per their requirement.
10

Official Record of Commissioner Office.

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46. No restriction will be imposed, free trade and movement of wheat will be allowed within and outside the Province. 47. The wheat exporters will be allowed to procure wheat under the Public Private Partnership agreement as per last year practice, in order to stabilize the prices in the open market and to save the government from extra procurement of wheat. 48. Market Committee concerned will provide facilities to the wheat supplier at the purchase centre i.e. provision of cold water, tents, chairs etc. under the supervision of the centre coordinator.11 49. Procurement centre staff and other officials deputed at the centre will assist the centre coordinator for smooth operations at the centre.

STOCK POSITION
Carry forward stocks (15-04-11) Procurement 2011-12 Receipts (From other Div.) Total Stocks Disposal Stocks in hand (Official Record of Food Department) 4,29,564 3,55,094 Nil 7,84,058 4,47,353 3,36,705

AREA UNDER WHEAT CULTIVATION

District 2010-11 2011-12

Faisalabad 701 691 T.T.Singh 387 378 Jhang 672 654 Chiniot 266 252 Total 2026 1975 (Official Record of Commissioner Office Faisalabad)

TARGET AND WHEAT PROCUREMENT

District Faisalabad T.T Singh Jhang Chiniot Total Target 2011-12(MT) 1,28,400 87,000 1,69,000 50,100 Procurement 2011-12 (MT) 1,05,594 69,226 1,43,273 37,001 Target 2012-13 (MT) 1,30,000 88,000 1,71,000 51,000 4,40,000

4,34,500 3,55,094 (Official Record of Commissioner Office, Faisalabad)

11

Ibid.,

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Abdul Qadir Mushtaq & Tohidahma. D

STORAGE PLAN Faisalabad Division

Storage Pattern Covered Faisalabad 11 130000 68540 TT Singh 06 88000 39000 Jhang 15 171000 78700 Chiniot 05 51000 38000 Total 37 440000 224240 (Official Record of Commissioner Office, Faisalabad) District Proc. Centers Target

Open 61460 49000 92300 13000 215760

The storage pattern consists of government and private centers. Among them two categories has been devised, one is covered and the second is uncovered. These centers are being managed by the food department but the district administration with the collaboration of the Divisional Administration is playing the supervisory role and is facilitating the people.

FAISALABAD DISTRICT
Storage Pattern Covered Open Set Vi/Silose 12000 12000 0 DarulEhsan 6000 0 6000 SS Road 11000 0 11000 Jaranwala 20000 7000 13000 Buchiana 7000 0 7000 Rourala Rd 5500 0 5500 JhokDitta 6000 1400 4600 Tanlianwala 14500 4140 10360 Kanjwani 10000 6000 4000 Mamukanjan 29000 29000 0 Samundri 9000 9000 0 Total 130000 68540 61460 (Official Record of Commissioner Office, Faisalabad) Proc. Center Target

TOBA TEK SINGH DISTRICT

Proc. Center Target Storage Plan Open 0 6000 5000 0 15000 23000 49000

Covered TT Singh 10000 10000 Chutiana 9000 3000 Rajana 10000 5000 Janiwala 8500 8500 Kamalia 22000 7000 Pirmahal 28500 5500 Total 88000 39000 (Official Record of Commissioner Office)

JHANG DISTRICT
Proc. Centre Jhang-I Jhang-II Target 9000 10000 Open 0 0 Covered 9000 8500

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Proc. Target Open Centre Jhang-III 9000 0 Kurraina 30000 30000 Mochiwala 5000 0 Chak 170/JB 7000 4500 ShahJewana 15000 7500 Shorkot City 12000 0 ShorkotCantt 7000 3600 RustamSargana 6000 1600 Waryam 7000 0 AP Sial 15000 5000 Garh More 18000 14000 KotBahadar 15000 0 18-Hazari 6000 6000 Total 171000 78700 (Official Record of Commissioner Office)

Covered 4000 0 5000 2500 0 0 4400 7000 0 0 15000 0 0 45900

CHINIOT DISTRICT
Proc. Centre Chiniot Chak 11/JB Lalian Chenab Nagar Jamiabad Target 9000 7000 8000 9000 18000 Covered 3000 7000 4000 6000 18000 Open 6000 0 4000 3000 0

Total 51000 38000 13000 (Official Record of Commissioner Office)

SOP FOR ISSUANCE OF BARDANA

Pre-procurement Arrangement 1. 2. DCO will appoint an officer as Center Coordinator and any other officer/officials for each procurement centre. DCO will direct the Revenue officials to prepare list of what growers and area under wheat cultivation during march-early April. 3. DCO will assign duties to revenue officials and district government officers at all centre for proper coordination and preparation, at least 7 days prior to start of procurement. 4. 5. Arrangements at the centres by the Market Committees will be ensured Availability of the concerned register with specific format and coupons will be ensured before the start of procurement. 6. List of growers and their area sown with wheat crop will be placed at the Dera/Office of the concerned Lumberdar of each Mauza/village. A copy of the list should also be placed with the Assistant Commissioner Office, Centre Coordinator and Food Centre In-charge concerned. During Procurement: 7. Grower will go to the Patwari concerned posted at the center to obtain his/her Coupon along with his CNIC for identification. 8. Patwari will:

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Abdul Qadir Mushtaq & Tohidahma. D

a.

Check his list already issued and fill the information about the total area under wheat cultivation for the respective farmer.

b.

Issue the coupon in quadruplicate (sample attached under seal and signature to the farmer. Patwari will retain office copy and handover three copies to the farmer.

c. d.

Cross the farmers name in his list to avoid duplicate issuance. Not issue the coupon a second time, unless permission is expressly granted by the DCO or Assistant Commissioner concerned. In such case, the coupon should clearly indicate DUPLICATE.

9.

After obtaining the coupon with information about his area under wheat crop, farmer will approach the Centre Coordinator for assessment of entitlement and recommendation of issuance of bardana.

10. Centre coordinator will: a. Check the information on the coupon viz-a-viz the list of wheat growers already provided by the revenue officials and cross the entry in the list. b. Fill the second half of the coupon in triplicate with number of bags to be issued, scroll reference, and date of issuance and retain one copy. c. Simultaneously prepare (i) register and (ii) scroll indicating the name of the farmers, their CNIC, and number of bags to be issued as per the daily target already assigned for the centre by the Food authorities ((Sample of register and Scroll is attached as Annex B). As per the policy, no repeater shall be entertained in the first fortnight. In the second fortnight, only first repetition may be allowed. In the third fortnight, repetition may be allowed. d. Ensure the list is displayed at the conspicuous places of the centre three days before the proposed date of issuance of bardana. e. In special case of duplicate coupon issued by the revenue officials under direction by the Assistant Commissioner after hearing, the coordinator will check his record and match the coupon with previous entries on the retained copy and record register and scroll. f. g. h. remember that when a repeater is entertained, the coordinator shall also update his register. record the number of bags to be issued in words on the coupons. prepare and display scroll/list for issuance of bardana up to next 7 days depending upon rush at the centre. 11. After obtaining endorsement and allocation by the Centre Coordinator, the farmer will take the duplicate coupon to the Food Center Incharge on the fixed date of receiving of bardana as per the scroll issued by the Centre Coordinator. Farmer should bring his/her original CNIC for identification and photo copy for record keeping. Farmer will also bring original CDR for the quantity of bardana to be issued. In case of quantity up to 50 jute bags (equivalent) he may bring guarantee/surety of lambardar or gazetted officer as per policy. 12. The Food Centre In-charge will: a. b. c. d. e. f. g. tally the CNIC of the farmer with the coupon and scroll obtain CDR and place in record obtain and place copy of CNIC make necessary entries in the bardana register Issue bardana to the farmer as per recommendation of the Centre Coordinator Obtain acknowledgement/signature of the farmer at the bardana register. Keep a copy of the coupon for record.

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13. The farmer will show the last retained copy at the gate out to take the issued bardana out of the centre premises. 14. The chowkidar at the gate out will keep a record of the bardana issued to the farmer in the gate out register. In case the farmer is aged, disabled or female, he or she may give an authority letter to blood relation duly attested by a gazetted officer.12

CONCLUSIONS
After the implementation of devolution system, it is necessary for the district governments to bear their own expenses and formulate their policies for uplifting the people. For achieving their targets, the district administrations with the collaborations of the divisional administrations visualize their schemes and provide strict vigilance. The district administration of district Faisalabad succeeded in achieving its targets due to the strenuous efforts of DCO but the districts TT.Singh and Jhang could not achieve their plans due to the sluggish attitude of the administration.The role of the patwari as usual in facilitating the people seem bleak and corruption has sabotaged the plans of the district governments. The farmers do not feel pleasure form the devised plans. On the other hand, the trusts which are working for providing funds to the needy people are providing scholarships due to the educational institutions for needy students but on the recommendations of the political figures. In this way, the merit is not being maintained. While the research forums which are playing role for promoting research in agriculture, social sciences, economy but its meetings have become the chamber of interactions only without any fruitful results.

12

Official Record, Commissioner Office, Faisalabad Division Faisalabad.