Bao cao.

Nguvn Tin Jit

1


GII THIEU ............................................................................................................... 2
1.1 BOI CANH LICH SU ....................................................................................... 2
1.2 CAC DAC DIEM CUA SOI QUANG ............................................................. 2
1.2.1 Vt liu va ch tao ...................................................................................... 2
1.2.2 Suy hao soi ................................................................................................. 2
1.2.3 Su tan sc mau ........................................................................................... 2
1.2.4 Su phn cuc tan sc Mode ...................................................................... 2
1.3 Soi phi tuyn ..................................................................................................... 2
1.3.1 Chit sut phi tuyn (Nonlinear ReIraction) .............................................. 2
1.3.2 Tan xa kich thich khng dan hi ................................................................ 2
1.3.3 Tm quan trong cua hiu ung phi tuyn .................................................... 2
1.4 Tng quan .......................................................................................................... 2
Cac vn d ............................................................................................................... 2
Tai liu tham khao ................................................................................................... 2
SU LAN TRUYEN XUNG TRONG SOI .................................................................. 3
2.1 Cac phuong trinh Maxwell ............................................................................... 3
2.2 Soi Mode ........................................................................................................... 3
2.2.1 Phuong trinh dc trung .............................................................................. 3
2.2.2 Diu kin don mode ................................................................................... 3
2.2.3 Cac dc tinh cua mode gc (Fundametal Mode) ....................................... 3


Bao cao. Nguvn Tin Jit
2


CHNG
1
GII HI
I CNH CH
CC C I C I NG
1.2.1 Jat liu va ch tao
1.2.2 Suv hao soi
1.2.3 Su tan sc mau
1.2.4 Su tan sc phan cuc Mode
I HI N
1.3.1 Chit suat phi tuvn (Nonlinear Refraction)
1.3.2 Tan xa kich thich khong dan hoi
1.3.3 Tam quan trong cua hiu ung phi tuvn
NG N
CC N
I I H HO

Bao cao. Nguvn Tin Jit
3


CHNG
2
N N NG NG I
CC HNG NH MAXWELL
I
2.2.1 Phuong trinh dc trung
2.2.2 iu kin don mode
2.2.3 Cac dc tinh cua mode goc (Fundametal Mode)
HNG NH N N NG
2.3.1 Lan truvn xung phi tuvn
2.3.2 Hiu ung phi tuvn bac cao
HNG H
2.4.1 Phuong phap phan chia buoc Fourier (Split-step Fourier Medthod)
2.4.2 Phuong phap sai phan hu han (Finite-difference Methods)
CC N
I I H HO

Bao cao. Nguvn Tin Jit
4

CHNG
3
N N C NH
Chuong truoc d thao lun v anh huong cua su kt hop giua tan xa vn tc nhom
(GVD) va diu bin dng pha (SPM) trn su lan truyn xung quang hoc bn canh
mt soi quang co th duoc nghin cuu bng vic giai quyt mt phuong trinh lan
truyn xung. Truoc khi xem xet cac truong hop chung, cn phai nghin cuu anh
huong cua ring GVD. Chuong nay xem xet vn d lan truyn xung bng vic xem
soi quang nhu la mt mi truong quang tuyn. Trong muc 3.1 thao lun duoi diu
kin anh huong GVD tri hon hn hiu ung phi tuyn bng cach dua vao hai d dai
bng nhau kt hop voi GVD va SPM. Mo rng cam ung tan xa xung quang duoc
xet trong muc 3.2 v mt s dc tinh cua cac dang xung, bao gm xung Gauss va
Sech. Hiu ung tn s gc nho cung duoc xet trong muc nay. Muc 3.3 noi v tan
xa bc ba trn xung rng. Phn tich ly thuyt v kha nng du doan tan xa xung rng
voi hinh dang tuy y cung duoc xet trong muc nay. Muc 3.4 thao lun GVD gioi han
hiu nng cua h thng truyn thng quang nhu th nao va cng ngh quan ly su tan
xa co th su dung d trin khai trong thuc t ra sao.
CC CH N N HC NHAU
Trong muc 2.3 d thit lp phong trinh Schrodinger phi tuyn (NLS) diu chinh su
lan truyn cua xung quang bn canh cac so don mode. Voi xung co d rng ~ 5ps,
biu thuc 2.3.41 vit lai

2
2
2
2
,
2 2
A i A
i A A A
z T
| o

c c
= +
c c
(3.1.1)
A la bin d chm khac nhau cua duong bao xung va T duoc do trong mt khung
cua mc dich chuyn voi xung tai vn tc nhom
( )
.
g g
v T t z v = S hang thu ba trn
biu thuc (3.1.1) diu khin, phn bit ring anh huong cua suy hao soi, tan xa va
phi tuyn tinh trn su lan truyn xung trong soi quang. Phu thuc vao d rng T
0

ban du va cng sut dinh P
0
cua xung toi, tan xa hoc hiu ung phi tuyn co th
vuot tri doc theo soi quang. Diu nay la co ich voi hai d dai bng nhau, bit rng
d dai tan xa L
D
va d dai phi tuyn L
NL
. Phu thuc quan h d lon cua L
D
, L
NL
, va
d dai soi L, xung co th tng nhanh khac nhau.
Thoi gian chun hoa d dua xung vao voi d rng T
0
:

0 0
,
g
t z v
T
T T
t

= = (3.1.2)
Bao cao. Nguvn Tin Jit
5

Bin d chun hoa U:

( ) ( ) ( )
0
, exp 2 , , A z T P z U z o t = (3.1.3)
P
0
la cng sut dinh cua xung toi. H s mu trog biu thuc (3.1.3) la suy hao soi.
Kt hop (3.1.1) (3.1.3) co nghim thoa mn:

( ) ( )
2
2
2
2
sgn exp
,
2
D NL
z
U U
i U U
z L L
| o
t

c c
=
c c
(3.1.4)
( )
2
sgn 1 | = phu thuc du tham s GVD
2


2
0
2 0
1
, .
| |
D NL
T
L L
P |
= = (3.1.5)
Su cn bng d dai tan xa va d dai phi tuyn d qui dinh o trn thi hiu ung ta xa
hoc phi tuyn tro nn quan trong cho su phat trin xung. Phu thuc quan h d lon
cua L, L
D
va L
NL
, trang thai lan truyn co th duoc phn loai trong bn loai sau.
Voi LL
NL
va LL
D
thi ca hiu ung tan xa va phi tuyn dong mt vai tro quan
trong trong sut su lan truyn xung. Diu nay co th thy bng vic chu y ca hai
tham s trong (3.1.4) co th duoc bo qua trong truong hop do. (Gia su xung dng
nht v mt thoi gian do do
2 2
1. U t c c ) Voi kt qua, ( , ) (0, ) U z T U t = xung duy tri
hinh dang trong sut qua trinh lan truyn. Soi quang dong vai tro chu dng trong
ch d nay va hoat dng nhu la mt thit bi vn chuyn cua xung quang (loai tru
giam nng luong xung do suy hao soi). Ch d nay co ich cho h thng truyn
thng quang. Cho L ~ 50km, L
D
va L
NL
nn lon hon 500km cho chuyn giao bin
dang tu do. T
0
va P
0
co th duoc uoc luong tu biu thuc (3.1.5) cho gia tri cua tham
s soi
2
va . Tai buoc song = 1.55m,
2
2
20 ps km | ~ va
1 1
3W km

~ cho
chun thng tin truyn thng soi. Su dung cac gia tri trong (3.1.5) cho thy hiu ung
tan xa va phi tuyn la khng dang k d L 50km nu T
0
~ 100 ps va P
0
~ 1mW.
Tuy nhin L
D
va L
NL
tro nn nho hon vi xung ngn hon va manh hon. Vi du, L
D
va
L
NL
khoang 100m cho T
0
~ 1 ps va P
0
~ 1mW. Nu d dai cua soi vuot qua vai met
thi ca hiu ung phi soi va tan xa cn phai co.
Khi d dai so L L
NL
nhung L ~ L
D
, s hang cui trong (3.1.4) duoc bo qua so
sanh voi hai s hang khac. Xung tin trin duoc diu khin boi GVD va hiu ung
phi tuyn dong vai tro quan h lon. Anh huong cua GVD trong su lan truyn xung
quang duoc thao lun trong chuong nay. Ch d tan xa vuot tri co th ap dung bt
cu khi nao tham s xung va soi thoa mn:

2
0 0
2
1.
D
NL
PT L
L

|
= (3.1.6)
P
0
1 cho xung 1 ps nu su dung gia tri chun cho tham s soi va ,
2
, tai buoc
song = 1.55m.
Bao cao. Nguvn Tin Jit
6

Khi d dai soi L L
D
nhung L ~ L
NL
s hang tan xa trong (3.1.4) duoc bo qua so
sanh voi s hang phi tuyn (cho dn khi xung phng co
2 2
1. U t c c ) Trong truong
hop, xung tin trin trong so duoc diu khin boi SPM dn toi mo rng ph cua
xung. Hin tuong nay duoc xet trong chuong 4. Ch d phi tuyn vuot tri duoc ap
dung khi ma

2
0 0
2
1.
D
NL
PT L
L

|
= (3.1.7)
Diu kin nay sn sang duoc thoa mn cho xung rng tuong di (T
0
~ 100ps) voi
cng sut dinh P
0
~ 1W. Chu y rng SPM co th dn toi hinh dang xung trong su co
mt cua anh huong GVD yu. Nu xung phat trin mt du nhon va goc dai thi s
hang tan xa co th tro nn quan trong khi (3.1.7) duoc thoa mn.
Khi chiu dai soi L dai hon ca L
D
va L
NL
thi tan xa va phi tuyn tinh hoat dng cung
nhau khi xung lan truyn doc theo soi. Su anh huong ln nhau cua hai hiu ung
SPM va GVD co th dn toi cac trang thai cht luong khac nhau duoc so sanh voi
mong doi tu ring SPM va GVD. Trong ch d tan xa bt thuong (anomalous-
dispersion) (
2
0), soi quang co th h tro solitons. Trong ch d tan xa binh
thuong (normal-dispersion) (
2
~ 0), hiu ung SPM va GVD co th duoc su dung d
nen xung. Biu thuc (3.1.4) co ich v cung trong vic hiu su tin trin xung trong
soi quang hoc khi ma ca hiu ung tan xa va phi tuyn duoc tinh dn. Tuy nhin,
chuong nay chi danh cho ch d tuyn tinh, va cuc thao lun sau ap dung cho xung
co tham s thoa mn (3.1.6)
NG NG C NG N (DESPERSION-INDUCED
PULSE BROADCAST)
Anh huong cua GVD trn lan truyn xung quang hoc trong mt mi truong tan xa
tuyn tinh duoc nghin cuu bng thit lp 0 trong biu thuc (3.1.1). Nu biu d
chun hoa U(z,T) theo biu thuc (3.1.3) thi U(z,T) thoa mn phuong trinh thanh
phn tuyn tinh sau:

2
2
2
.
2
U U
i
z T
| c c
=
c c
(3.2.1)
Phuong trinh tuong tu phuong trinh song bang truc (paraxial) d diu chinh su
nhiu xa anh sang CW va tro nn dng nht khi su nhiu xa xay ra chi trong mt
huong ngang va
2
duoc thay th boi /(2), voi la buoc song anh sang. Boi ly
do nay nn hiu ung tan xa cam ung theo thoi gian (dispersion-induced temporal)
gn ging voi hiu ung tan xa cam ung theo khng gian (dispersion-induced
spatial).
Biu thuc (3.2.1) duoc giai bng phuong phap bin di Fourier. Nu (z,) la bin
di Fourier cua U(z,T) thi
Bao cao. Nguvn Tin Jit
7


( ) ( ) ( )
~
1
, , exp ,
2
U z T U z i T d e e e
t

=
}
(3.2.2)
Thoa mn phuong trinh vi phn thng thuong

~
~
2
1
2 2
,
U
i U
z
| e
c
=
c
(3.2.3)
Cho nghim boi
( ) ( ) ( )
~ ~
2
2 2
, 0, exp ,
i
U z U z e e | e = (3.2.4)
Phuong trinh (3.2.4) cho thy GVD thay di pha cua mi thanh phn ph cua xung
bng luong phu thuc ca tn s va khoang cach lan truyn. Mc du pha thay di
khng lam anh huong toi ph xung nhung chung lam thay di hinh dang xung.
Thay th phuong trinh (3.2.4) vao (3.2.2) ta duoc nghim cua phuong trinh (3.2.1)

( ) ( ) ( )
~
2
2 2
1
, 0, exp ,
2
i
U z T U z i T d e | e e e
t

=
}
(3.2.5)
Bin di Fourier, z 0 ta duoc

( ) ( ) ( )
~
0, 0, exp , U U T i T dT e e

=
}
(3.2.6)
Phuong trinh (3.2.5) va (3.2.6) su dung cho xung du vao hinh dang tuy y.
3.2.1 Xung Gaus
Xet truong hop xung Gauss cho truong ngu nhin dang:
( )
2
2
0
0, exp ,
2
T
U T
T
| |
=
|
\ .
(3.2.7)
T
0
la nua d rng (1/e mt d dim) duoc gioi thiu trong muc 3.1. Trn thuc t,
no duoc chinh d su dung ht d rng tai nua cuc dai (FWHM) trong vi tri cua T
0
.
Cho mt xung Gauss, quan h d rng la

( )
1 2
0 0
2 ln2 1.665 .
FWHM
T T T = ~ (3.2.8)
Su dung phuong trinh (3.2.5) (3.2.7) va ly tich phn ta duoc bin d tai dim z
bt ky doc theo soi la

( )
( )
( )
2
0
1 2 2
2
0 2
0 2
, exp .
2
T T
U z T
T i z
T i z
|
|
| |
|
|

\ .
(3.2.9)
Do do, xung Gauss giu nguyn hinh dang trn duong lan truyn nhung d rng T
1

tng theo z
Bao cao. Nguvn Tin Jit
8


( ) ( )
1 2
2
1 0
1 ,
D
T z T z L
(
= +

(3.2.10)
Trong do d dai tan xa
2
0 2 D
L T | . Phuong trinh (3.2.10) cho thy GVD mo rng
xung Gauss nhu th nao. Kich thuoc d rng duoc diu chinh boi d dai tan xa L
D
.
D xac dinh d dai soi thi cac xung ngn mo rng hon boi vi d dai tan xa nho hon.

Hinh 3.1 o rong cam ung tan xa cua xung Gauss bn trong (inside) soi tai z = 2L
D

va : 4L
D
. uong cong cham hin thi xung toi tai : 0.
Tai z L
D
, xung Gauss mo rng thm h s . Hinh 3.1 hin thi khoang rng cua
d rng cam ung tan xa cho xung Gauss boi d thi ( )
2
, U z T tai z 0, 2L
D
va 4L
D
.
So sanh phuong trinh (3.2.7) va (3.2.9) thy rng mc du xung toi (incident) khng
bi dich tn (unchirped) (khng diu ch pha) nhung xung phat tro nn dich tn.
Diu nay co th thy r rang bng vic vit U(z,T) duoi dang
( ) ( ) [( )] (3.2.11)
Trong do
( )
( )( )
( )
2
2 1
2 2
0
sgn
1
, tan .
2
1
D
D
D
z L
T z
z T
T L
z L
|
|

| |
= +
|
+
\ .
(3.2.12)
Phu thuc thoi gian cua pha
( ) , z T | cho rng (implies) tn s tuc thoi
(instantaneous) khac xa xung tu tn s trung tm
0
. Sai phn oechi dao ham mt
ln T | c c |du duong la do chon
( )
0
exp i t e trong phuong trinh (2.3.2)| va duoc
cho boi
( )
( )( )
( )
2
2 2
0
sgn 2
.
1
D
D
z L
T
T
T T
z L
|
|
oe
c
= =
c
+
(3.2.13)
Phuong trinh (3.2.13) chi ra rng tn s thay di tuyn tinh ngang qua xung,co
nghia la, soi loi dung (imposes) dich tn tuyn tinh trn xung. Dich tn oephu
Bao cao. Nguvn Tin Jit
9

thuc du cua
2
. Trong ch d tan xa thng thuong (
2
> 0), oela dai luong m tai
goc du (T 0) va tng d tuyn tinh ngang qua xung; xay ra trai nguoc voi ch d
tan xa bt thuong (
2
< 0).
D rng xung cam ung tan xa co th duoc hiu bng vic nho lai tu muc 3.1 ma cac
thanh phn tn s khac nhau cua xung di chuyn tai tc d tn s yu doc theo soi
do GVD. Dc bit hon, thanh phn do di chuyn nhanh hon thanh phn xanh trong
ch d tan xa thng thuong (
2
> 0), trong khi do la trai nguoc trong ch d tan xa
bt thuong (
2
< 0). Xung co th giu nguyn d rng nu tt ca cac thanh phn ph
dn cung nhau. Bt ky thoi gian tr nao trong cac thanh phn ph dn khac nhau
dn toi mo rng xung.
3.2.2 Chirped Gaussian Pulses
Cho mt xung Gauss duoc di pha ban du, phuong trinh (3.2.10) cho thy d rng
cam ung tan xa cua xung khng phu thuc du cua tham s GVD
2
. Vi th d nhn
duoc gia tri d dai tan xa L
D
thi xung d mo rng voi cung d rng trong ch d tan
xa bt thuong va binh thuong cua soi. Trang thai nay thay di nu xung Gauss co
d dich tn co so. Trong truong hop xung Gauss dich tn tuyn tinh, truong toi co
th duoc vit |so sanh voi biu thuc (3.2.7)]
( )
( )
2
2
0
1
0, exp ,
2
iC
T
U T
T
+ | |
=
|
\ .
(3.2.14)
Trong do C la tham s dich tn. Su dung biu thuc (3.2.11) thy rng tn s khng
tuc thoi tng tuyn tinh tu du toi goc dai (trailing edge) (up-chirp) cho C ~ 0 va
nguoc lai (down-chirp) voi C 0. Diu nay chi la ph bin cho dich tn vi m hay
duong con phu thuc vao C m hay duong.
Gia tri s cua C duoc danh gia tu d rng ph cua xung Gauss. Thay biu thuc
(3.2.14) vao biu thuc (3.2.6) thi ta co
( ) 0, U e
( )
( )
1 2
2 2 2
0 0
2
0, exp .
1 2 1
T T
U
iC iC
t e
e
| |
| |
=
|
|
|
+ +
\ .
\ .
(3.2.15)
D rng nua ph (1/e-mt d dim) tu (3.2.15)

( )
1 2
2
0
1 / . C T e A = + (3.2.16)
Bao cao. Nguvn Tin Jit
10



( )
( )
( )
( )
2
0
1 2 2
2
0 2
0 2
1
, exp .
2 1
1
iC T T
U z T
T i z iC
T i z iC
|
|
| |
+
| =
|
( +
( +
\ .

(3.2.17)

1/ 2
2 2
1 2 2
2 2
0 0 0
1 .
T C z z
T T T
| |
(
| | | |
( = + +
| |
(
\ . \ .

(3.2.18)

min 2
.
1
D
C
z L
C
=
+
(3.2.19)

( )
min 0
1 1 2
2
.
1
T
T
C
=
+
(3.2.20)
( )
2
2
0 0
0, sech exp ,
2
T iCT
U T
T T
| |
=
|
\ .
(3.2.21)


( ) 0 0
2ln 1 2 1.763 .
FWHM
T T T = + ~ (3.2.22)
Bao cao. Nguvn Tin Jit
11

( )
2
0
1
0, exp ,
2
m
iC T
U T
T
(
| | +
( =
|
(
\ .

(3.2.23)

0 0
(ln9) .
2
r
T T
T
m m
= ~ (3.2.24)

1/2
2
2
, T T o
(
=

(3.2.25)

( )
( )
2
2
,
.
,
p
p
T U z T dT
T
U z T dT

=
}
}
(3.2.26)

( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
1/ 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
0 0 0
1/ 2 2 1/ 2
1 1 ,
3/ 2 3/ 2
m m
C z z
m C
m T m T
| | o
o
( I I | |
+ + +
( |
I I
\ .
(3.2.27)
3.2.3 Xung cat tuvn Hvpebol
3.2.4 Super-Gaussian Pulses
3.2.5 Kt qua thu nghim
N C C A

2 3
3 2
2 3
.
2 6
i U U U
i
z T T
| | c c c
= +
c c c
(3.3.1)
( ) ( )
~
2 3
2 3
1
, 0, exp ,
2 2 6
i i
U z T U z z i T d e | e | e e e
t

| |
= +
|
\ .
}
(3.3.2)
3.3.1 Thav doi hinh dang xung

' 3
0 3
/ .
D
L T | = (3.3.3)
3.3.2 Mo rong h so

( ) ( ) ( )
2
, , exp , I z U z T i T dT e e

=
}
(3.3.4)
( ) ( )
2
0
lim ( , ) , .
n
n
n
n
I z i T U z T dT
e
e
e


c
=
c
}
(3.3.5)

( )
( )
~
0
lim , ,
n
n
n
n
c
i
T I z
N
e
e
e

c
=
c
(3.3.6)
( ) ( )
2 2
, 0, .
c
N U z T U T dT


=
} }
(3.3.7)

( ) ( ) ( )
~ ~ ~
, , ' * , ' '. I z U z U z d e e e e e

=
}
(3.3.8)
Bao cao. Nguvn Tin Jit
12


( )
( ) ( )
~ ~
* , , .
n
n
n
n
c
i
T U z U z d
N
e e e
e

c
=
c
}
(3.3.9)
( )
1/ 2
2 2 2
~
3 0 0
2 3
2
, exp .
1 2 1 6
T iT i i
U z z z
iC iC
t e
e | | e
( | | | |
= + +
( | |
+ +
\ . \ .
(3.3.10)

( )
1/ 2
2 2 2
2
2 3 2 2
2 2 3
0 0 0 0
1
1 1 ,
2 2 2 4
z C z z
C
| | | o
o o o o
(
| | | | | |
( = + + + +
| | |
(
\ . \ . \ .

(3.3.11)

( ) ( ) ( )
1/ 2
1/ 2 2
2 '
0
1 1 / 2 / ,
D D D
C L L z L o o
(
= + +
(

(3.3.12)

( ) ( )
2 2 2
2
2
2 2 2 3 2 2
2 2 2 3
0 0 0 0
1
1 1 1 ,
2 2 2 4
z C z z
V C V
e e
| | | o
o o o o
| | | | | |
= + + + + + +
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
(3.3.13)
3.3.3 Xung tuv dang (Arbitrarv-Shape Pulses)
,
U
i HU
z
c
=
c
(3.3.14)

2 3
3 2
2 3
2
.
! 2 6
n
n
n
i i
H
n T T T
| |

=
c c c | |
= = + +
|
c c c
\ .

(3.3.15)
, ,
d T
i H T
dz
= (3.3.16)

2
, , ,
d T
H H T
dz
(
=

(3.3.17)

0 1
, T a a z = + (3.3.18)

2 2
0 1 2
, T b b z b z = + + (3.3.19)
( ) ( )
*
0 0 0
, a U T TU T dT

=
}
(3.3.20)
( ) ( )
*
1 0 0
, , a i U T H T U T dT

(
=

}
(3.3.21)
( ) ( )
* 2
0 0 0
, b U T T U T dT

=
}
(3.3.22)
( ) ( )
* 2
1 0 0
, , b i U T H T U T dT

(
=

}
(3.3.23)
( ) ( )
* 2
2 0 0
1
, , ,
2
b U T H H T U T dT

( (
=

}
(3.3.24)
Bao cao. Nguvn Tin Jit
13


( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
0 0 2 2 0
12 , 3 . b T b T t | = = (3.3.25)

1/ 2
2
2
0 0
1 ,
6
z t| o
o o
( | |
= +
( |
\ .
(3.3.26)
3.3.4 o xung cuc ngn (Ultrashot-Pulses Measurements)
N N C
3.4.1 GJD-Gioi han cam ung (GJD-Induced Limitations)

( ) ( )
1/2 1/2
2 2
2 2
0 2 0
, L DL
e
o o | o o o
( (
= + = +

(3.4.1)
1 4. BL D

o < (3.4.2)

( )
1/2
2
2
0 2 0
2 . L o o | o
(
= +

(3.4.3)

( )
1/ 2
2
1/ 4. B L | < (3.4.4)

( )
1/ 2
2
2 2
1
0 3 0 2
4 . L o o | o
(
= +
(

(3.4.5)

( )
1/3
3
0.324. B L | < (3.4.6)
3.4.2 Tan sc bu
( ) ( ) ( )
2
21 1 22 2
1
, 0, exp ,
2 2
m
i
U L t U L L i t d e e | | e e
t

(
= +
(

}
(3.4.7)

1 1 2 2
0. D L D L + = (3.4.8)
3.4.3 Bu tan sc bac ba

21 1 22 2 31 1 32 2
0 0, L L L L | | | | + = + = (3.4.9)
CC N
I I H HO

Bao cao. Nguvn Tin Jit
14

CHNG
4
I IN NG H
Mt biu hin thu vi cua su phu thuc cuong d cua chi s khuc xa trong cac
phuong tin truyn thng quang phi tuyn xay ra thng qua diu bin dng pha
SPM (SelI-Phase Modulation), mt hin tuong dn dn mo rng ph cua xung
quang. Thuc vy, no d duoc quan sat ln du tin vao nm 1967 trong bi canh su
dng tp trung din ra ngn ngui cua su lan truyn xung quang hoc trong mt lp
dy CS. Vao nm 1970, SPM duoc quan sat trong cac vt rn va thuy tinh su dung
xung siu ngn (picosecond). Cac quan sat som nht cua SPM trong cac soi quang
hoc d duoc lam voi mt soi ma toan b li d duoc lp dy CS. Cng vic nay d
dn dn mt nghin cuu co h thng cua trong mt soi li Silic. Chuong nay xem
xet SPM nhu mt vi du don gian cua hiu ung quang hoc phi tuyn co th xay ra
trong soi quang. Muc 4.1 danh cho truong hop cua SPM sach bng cach bo qua anh
huong cua GVD. Nhung anh huong cua GVD trn SPM duoc trinh bay tai muc 4.2
voi su nhn manh dc bit vao cac SPM cam ung tn s nho. Muc 4.3 mo rng cac
kt qua bao gm hiu ung phi tuyn bc cao nhu la selI-steepening.
NG H C NG
Mt m ta chung cua SPM trong soi quang hoc doi hoi cac giai phap s cua phuong
trinh lan truyn xung (2.3.39) d thu duoc trong muc 2.3. Phuong trinh don gian
hon co th duoc dung cho xung d rng T
0
~ 5ps. Don gian hon nua nu anh huong
cua GVD trn SPM la khng dang k thi trong biu thuc 2.3.41 0. Diu kin
GVD duoc bo qua d duoc trinh bay trong muc 3.1 boi cn bng d dai L
D
va L
NL

(xem biu thuc 3.1.5). Noi chung, d rng xung va cng sut dinh cho d dai cua
mt soi nn la L
D
>> L > L
NL
. Biu thuc 3.1.7 cho thy anh huong GVD la bo qua
voi xung rng (T
0
~ 100 ps) va cng sut dinh lon (P
0
> 1W).
4.1.1 Dich pha phi tuvn
Trong diu kin binh thuong ( , ) U z T duoc dinh nghia nhu trong biu thuc 3.1.3,
phuong trinh lan truyn xung (3.1.4), khi
2
0 la:

2
| | ,
z
NL
U ie
U U
z L
o
c
=
c
(4.1.1)
la suy hao soi Chiu dai phi tuyn:

1
0
( ) ,
NL
L P

=

(4.1.2)
Bao cao. Nguvn Tin Jit
15

P
0
: cng sut dinh, lin quan toi h s n
2
trong biu thuc 2.3.28. Biu thuc 4.1.1
duoc giai bng cach thay th exp( )
NL
U V i| = va cn bng gia tri thuc va ao ta co:

2
0;
z
NL
NL
V e
V
z z L
o
|

c c
= =
c c
(4.1.3)
Vi bin d V khng di doc theo chiu dai L soi, nn phuong trinh pha co th duoc
tich phn d co
( , ) (0, ) exp[ ( , )],
NL
U L T U T i L T | = (4.1.4)
Voi U(0,T) la bin d truong tai z 0 va

2
( , ) | (0, ) | ( / ),
NL eff NL
i L T U T L L | = (4.1.5)
D dai hiu dung L
eff
cho boi
[1 exp( )] / ,
eff
L L o o = (4.1.6)
Biu thuc (4.1.4) cho thy rng SPM gy ra su tng su dich pha phu thuc vao
cuong d nhung hinh dang pha la khng anh huong. D dich pha phi tuyn
NL
|
trong biu thuc (4.1.5) tng theo chiu dai L cua soi. Do suy hao soi nn d dai hiu
dung L
eff
nho hon d dai L.Khi khng co suy hao soi thi = 0, L
eff
= L. D dich pha
lon nht
max
| xay ra tai giua xung T = 0. Voi U duoc chun hoa ,U(0,0)| = 1.

max 0
/ ,
eff NL eff
L L P L | = = (4.1.7)
L
NL
la khoang cach lan truyn hiu dung tai
max
| =1. Nu = 2 W
-1
km
-1
trong dai
song 1.55m thi L
NL
50km tai P
0
10mW va no giam ti l nghich khi P
0
tng.

2
( ) ( ) | (0, ) | ,
eff
NL
NL
L
T U T
T L T
|
oe
c c
= =
c c
(4.1.8)

2 1 2
0 0 0
2
( ) ( ) exp[ ( ) ,
eff m m
NL
L
m T T
T
T L T T
oe

= (4.1.9)

Bao cao. Nguvn Tin Jit
16



max
0
( )
( ) ,
mf m
T
T
oe | = (4.1.10)

1 1 2
1 1
( ) 2 1 exp 1 ,
2 2
m
f m
m m

( | | | |
=
| | (
\ . \ .
(4.1.11)

max 0 max
0.86 , oe e | = A (4.1.12)
| |
2
0
( ) (0, ) exp ( , ) ( ) ,
NL
S U T i L T i TdT e | e e

= +
}
(4.1.13)


Bao cao. Nguvn Tin Jit
17



max
1
,
2
M | t
| |
~
|
\ .
(4.1.14)
( ) ( )
2 2
2
0 0
,
rms
e e e e e A = (4.1.15)
( )
( ) ( )
( )
0
0
,
n
n
S d
S d
e e e e
e e
e e

=
}
}
(4.1.16)


1 2
2
max
0
4
1 ,
3 3
rms
e
|
e
A | |
= +
|
A
\ .
(4.1.17)
Bao cao. Nguvn Tin Jit
18


( ) ( ) ( ) , exp , S z i d e t et t

= I
}
(4.1.18)

( ) ( ) ( ) , * , , , z U z T U z T t t I = + (4.1.19)
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2
, 0, 1 1 | 0, | , Z Z t t t

(
I = I + I

(4.1.20)
( ) ( )
2 2
0, exp 2 ,
c
T t t
(
I =

(4.1.21)
4.1.2 Thav doi trong quang pho xung
4.1.3 Anh huong cua dang xung va Initial Chirp
4.1.4 Anh huong cua su kt hop mot phan (Partial Coherence)

4.2 NH HNG C N N C NHM
4.2.1 Pulse Evolution
( )
2
2
2
2 2
1
sgn ,
2
z
U U
i N e U U
o
|
t

c c
=
c c
(4.2.1)
Bao cao. Nguvn Tin Jit
19


0
, = ,
D
z L T T t = (4.2.2)

2
2 0 0
2
.
D
NL
PT L
N
L

|
= (4.2.3)


Bao cao. Nguvn Tin Jit
20


4.2.2 H so mo rong

1 2
2
2
max max 2
0
4
1 2 1 ,
3 3
D D
L L
L L
o
| |
o
(
| |
= + + +
( |
\ .

(4.2.4)

2 2
2
2 2
*
* ,
2
p
p
d T
i A A
T A A dT
dz W T T
|

| | c c
=
|
c c
\ .
}
(4.2.5)

2
,
2
p
S
d
z
dz
|
o
o
= (4.2.6)
( )
4
1
0, ,
p
S A T dT
W

=
}
(4.2.7)


( )
2 2 2
1
0 2 2
,
p
z S z o o | = + (4.2.8)

2
2
2
,
2
U d U
i U U
Z t
c c
= +
c c
(4.2.9)
Bao cao. Nguvn Tin Jit
21


( ) ( )
( )
0
( , ) , exp , ,
T
U z T z T i v z T dT =
}
(4.2.10)


4.2.3 Optical Wave Breaking
4.2.4 Kt qua thuc nghim

4.2.5 Anh huong cua tan sc bac ba
Bao cao. Nguvn Tin Jit
22

( )
3 __
2
2
3 3
sgn ,
' 6
z
U i U
i N e U U
o
|
t

c c
=
c c
(4.2.11)

3 ' __
2 0 0
3
.
D
NL
PT L
N
L

|
= = (4.2.12)


2 3 max
/ 2 , | | oe t ~ (4.2.13)

HI NG HI N C CAO
( ) ( )
( )
2
2 3
2 2
2 3
2 ' 3
sgn sgn
,
2 6
z
R
D D NL
U
U U U e
i i U U is U U U
z L L L
o
| |
t
t t t t

| |
c
c c c c
+ = + + |
|
c c c c c
\ .
(4.3.1)

2 3
' 0 0
2 3 0
1
, , ,
D D NL
T T
L L L
P | |
= = = (4.3.2)

0 0 0
1
, ,
R
R
T
s
T T
t
e
= = (4.3.3)
4.3.1 Tu doc (Self-Steepening)

( )
2 2
.
U
s U U i U U
z t
c c
+ =
c c
(4.3.4)
Bao cao. Nguvn Tin Jit
23

3 0,
I I
sI
Z t
c c
+ =
c c
(4.3.5)
, sI I
Z
| |
t
c c
+ =
c c
(4.3.6)

( ) ( ) , 3 , I Z f sIZ t t = (4.3.7)

( ) ( ) ( )
2
0, exp . I f t t t = (4.3.8)

( ) ( )
2
, exp 3 . I Z sIZ t t
(
=

(4.3.9)

( ) ( )
1 2
2
0.39 .
3
NL e
s NL
L
z L s
s
= ~ (4.3.10)

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
1 2
0
, exp , . S I z i z i d e t | t e e t t

= + ( (
}
(4.3.11)
Bao cao. Nguvn Tin Jit
24


4.3.2 Anh huong cua GJD trn Optical Shocks

4.3.3 Intrapulse Raman Scattering
Bao cao. Nguvn Tin Jit
25


CC N
I I H HO