1 4 Pejanovic 3G Opti

ITU IMT-2000 Seminar Warsaw, October 2001
ON OPTIMIZATION OF 3G CELLULAR SYSTEMS DEPLOYMENT

Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Yugoslavia E-mail: milica@cg.ac.yu
On optimization of 3G cellular systems deployment
ITU IMT-2000 Seminar, Warsaw, October 2001
EVOLUTION OF CELLULAR SYSTEMS
'80s
'90s
'2000s
Initial stage
Growing stage
Expansion stage
Matured stage
DIGITAL
AMPS, NMT, NTT... (1st generation) GSM, PDC, IS-95 (2nd generation)
IMT-2000
(3rd generation)
4thgeneration
Mobile Data
<300bps
9.6k-64 kbps (packet)
64k-384 kbps 2Mbps (indoor)
2 Mbps 20 Mbps (best effort indoort)
PSTND ata
28.8bps
64 kbps
Up to 1 Mbps (Flat rate)
Up to 20 Mbps ??
Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia
WORLDWIDE DISTRIBUTION OF CELLULAR STANDARDS

Europe
AMPS NMT450
US
Japan
NAMTS
TACS E TACS
RMTS
RC2000
C450
NMT900
Analog (1G) Digital 2G GSM
NMT450i
DAMPS IS-54
CDMA IS-95
PDC
HSCSD 2+G GPRS EDGE
DCSI800
USDC
PCS 1900
PCS UWC-136
PHS
3G
UMTS IMT-2000 ?
3+G
Under standardization
DEVELOPMENT TRENDS IN WIRELESS STANDARDS

Mobility Vehicle
2000
2010
2020 ITS HAPS
GSM Pedestrian PDC IMT-2000 PHS Office
3rd Generation
2nd Generation
N-ISDN
Wireless Access
4th Generation
5th Generation
Milli-wave LAN
B-ISDN
Optical fiber networks Gigabit-net
10k
2M
50M
155Mb/s
600Mb/s
TARGETED FEATURES OF 3G NETWORKS
3G networks should provide access, by means of one or more radio links, to a wide
range of telecommunications services supported by the fixed telecommunication networks (e.g. PSTN/ISDN/IP), and to other services which are specific to mobile users.
Key features of such wireless cellular systems should be:

high degree of commonality of design world-wide; compatibility of services within 3G standards and with the fixed networks; high quality; small terminal for world-wide use; world-wide roaming capability; capability for multimedia applications, and a wide range of services and terminals; support of a limited number of different radio interface technologies within the 3G family.
COMPARISON OF 2G AND 3G CELLULAR SYSTEMS

System Aspects
Use of digital technology
Existing 2 G Mobile Systems

Already used for modulation, speech and channel coding as well as implementation and control of data channels Each systems is primarily optimised for its specific operating environment
New 3 G IMT-2000 Systems

Increased use of digital technologies
Commonality between different operating environments
Frequency bands
Data services Roaming
Operate in frequency bands ranging from 800 MHz to 1.9 GHz, depending on the country Limited to data rates below 115 kb/s (WAP-GRPS-SMS) Generally limited to specific regions, Handsets not compatible between different systems Spectrum efficiency, cost and flexibility limited by technology in use at time of system design TDMA, CDMA 9.6 kb/s with evolution up to 171.2 kb/s (2.5 G)
Optimisation of radio interfaces for multiple operating environments such as vehicular, pedestrian, introoffice, fixed wireless access and satellite, via a single flexible or scalable radio interface. Use a common global frequency band Transmission speeds up to 2 Mb/s Global frequency coordination and ITU standards will provide true global roaming and equipment compatibility Spectrum efficiency, flexibility and overall costs all significantly improved. W-CDMA 144 kb/s 2 Mb/s
Technology
Radio interfaces Data speed
LAYERED ARCHITECTURE OF 3G NETWORKS

Applications Service Service and applications HLR MSC server AAA H Control GW/MSC server PSTN/ ISDN MGW Router Connectivity Wireless access Internet/ Intranet Support servers User data Control Support servers
Applications
MGW/ PDSN
OVERVIEW OF 3G STANDARDIZATION BODIES

ITU IMT-2000 ITU-R Radio aspects ITU-T Network aspects
Ongoing Collaboration
3 GPP WCDMA + GSM Others: UWC - 136 DECT TD-CDMA 3 GPP2 cdma2000 + ANSI-41
Operators Harmonization Group
On optimization of 3Gcellular systems deployment
OPERATORS HARMONIZATION AGREEMENT

WCDMA FDD mode 1 direct sequence cdma2000 FDD mode 2 multicarrier Unpaired spectrum TDD mode
Radio access - family of 3G CDMAmodes
Flexible connection between RTT modes and core networks based on operators' needs
Core network - family of 3G systems
Evolved GSM/MAP
Evolved ANSI-41
Core network - 3G inter-family roaming
Network-to-network interface
3G RADIO INTERFACE STANDARDIZATION

W-TDMA TD-CDMA W-CDMA UMTS/W-CDMA
FDD:W-CDMA TDD:TD-CDMA
Europe
Japan
W-CDMA
CDMA
Wideband
Cdma 2000
US
TDMA UWC - 136
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
10
IMT-2000 TERRESTRIAL RADIO INTERFACES

IMT - 2000
IMT-DS
IMT-MC
IMT-TC
IMT-SC
IMT-FT
CDMA
TDMA
FDMA
IMT-DS (Direct Spread)=W-CDMA (FDD) IMT-MC (Multi Carrier)=cdma 2000 IMT-TC (Time-Code)=UMTS TDD, TD-SCDMA IMT-SC (Single Carrier)=UWC-136 IMT-FT (Frequency Time)=DECT
Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia 11
MIGRATION SCENARIOS TOWARDS 3G NETWORKS

2G TDMA GPRS EDGE GPRS GSM HSCSD UMTS 3GPP ECSD TD-CDMA OHG IMT2000 3GPP2 1 EXTREME HDR CDMA one IS-95B IS-95 EGPRS 2.5G IS-136B/HS UWC-136 3G
CDMA 2000
12
EVOLUTION OF THE IS-95 AIR STANDARD IS-95-A

Standardized by Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) in July 1993. Networks utilizing IS-95 CDMA air interface and ANSI-41 network protocol are branded as cdmaOne networks. IS-95 networks use one or more 1.25MHz carriers, operate on 800 and 1900MHz bands. Data rates of up to 14.4kb/s and soft handoffs are supported.
IS-95-B
Improvements for hard-handoff algorithms in multicarrier environments and in parameters that affect the control of soft handoffs. Higher data rates of up to 115kb/s can be supported by bundling up to eight 14.4 or 9.6 kb/s data channels.
Cdma2000
Developed to support 3G services. This standard is divided into two phases:
Cdma2000 1X 1X stands for standard carrier (1.25MHz) at air interface. It delivers twice the voice capacity of cdmaOne with average data rates of 144kb/s. Cdma2000 3X 3X stands to signify 3x1.25MHz with data rates of up to 2Mb/s Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia 13
TIMELINE FOR EVOLVING CDMA TO 3G CAPABILITIES

Media gateways MSC servers
Layered architecture
High-speed data International roaming
ATM and IP backbone
cdma2000 3X/ DS-41 RBS
Advanced voice/data services mobile IP/secure data
cdma 2000 1x RBS 3G BSC PCN
Efficient data delivery Advanced user features High reliability
Jambala WAP and HLR IWF MSC ATM switches IP routers
Capacity and coverage expansion Low cost
IOS BSS
4Q99
2Q00
1H01
2H02 2H03
14
EVOLUTION OF THE TDMA AIR STANDARD
TDMA (TIA/EIA-136)
This standard includes EIA-553 and IS-54 systems
IS-136HS
For satisfying requirements for IMT-2000, the Universal Wireless Communication Consortium (UWCC) proposed the 136 High-Speed (136HS) radio interface.
EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution)

In January 1998, UWCC adopted EDGE as outdoor component of 136HS. EDGE was thus included in UWC-136 IMT-2000 proposal. It provides 384 kb/s data services and comprises two phases:
Phase I emphasizes enhanced GPRS (EGPRS) and enhanced circuit-switched data (ECSD) Phase II is defined to include improvements for multimedia and real-time support
15
Model for an EGPRS/136 network integrated into a TIA/EIA-136 circuitswitched network through an SGSN gateway MSC/VLR
C-D
ANSI-41 HLR/AC
C-D
ANSI-41 Serving MSC/VLR
ANSI-41 Gateway MSC/VLR
ANSI-41 MC/OTAF
SME
Signaling interface Signaling and data-transfer interface

GPRS HLR
SMS-GMSC SMS-IWMSC
Gd
SM-SC
Gs Gr Gb Gc
Um
PDN
TE
TE
MT
BSS
Gn Gp
SGSN
GGSN
Gn Gf Gi
EIR GGSN
Other PLMN
SGSN
16
EVOLUTION OF THE GSM AIR STANDARD
GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) GSM + standard

Enables packet mode extensions to GSM using the same air interface but with a new physical channel. It could be done through the following three possibilities: HSCSD (High Speed Circuit Switched Data Service) GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) (and EGPRS) EDGE
UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System)

European version of IMT-2000 which is composed of a core network (CN) connected with interface (Iu) to the radio access network called the UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN). This standard supports W-CDMA in two versions:FDD (frequency-division duplex) and TDD (time-division duplex).
17
GPRS ARCHITECTURE
Radio Subsystem
Base Station Subsystem BSS GR
Switching Subsystem
MSC BTS MS Gs - Interface Gr - Interface
BSC
SGSN
GGSN
Gn - Interface Gj - Interface BTS Gp - Interface
MS
Other PLMN
BSC
PDN
SSGR Serving GPRS Support Node

MS Radio Interface BTS Gb - Interface
GGSN- Gateway GPRS Support Node
Abis - Interface
18
COMPARISON OF GSM + STANDARDS
Name
Max. Bandwidth (kbit/s)
Circuit-switched packet-switched
HW-Upgrade Required?
Typical Application Environment Rural and urban, mobile and stationary Mostly urban, mobile and stationary Urban, mostly stationary
Pros and Cons
HSCSD
57.6
CS
No
+ Available now - Expensive for subscriber ++ Being online permanently ++ Charging based on volume ++ Top speed -- Extensive HW-upgrade
GPRS
115
PS
Yes
EDGE
384
PS+CS
Extensive
19
UMTS (3GPP) ARCHITECTURE RELEASE 99 (R3) This release supports WCDMA access and ATM-based transport
Core net
Um
GSM RSS
Gb IP Gi E-SGSN E-GGSN Packet domain HLR

IP
MS Radio
lu-ps
A Uu UTRAN lu-cs Transport Control E-VMSC STM E-GMSC

PSTN ISDN
Circuit domain
20
UTRAN ARCHITECTURE
CN
Iu
Iu
RNS SRNC CRNC

Iu b Iu b Iu b
RNS Iur DRNC CRNC

Iu b
Node B
Node B
Node B
Uu
Uu
Node B
Node B
Node B
UE
UTRAN UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network RNS Radio Network Subsystems RNC- Radio Network Controller
21
UMTS R3 is composed of the UTRAN attached to two separate core network domains:
Circuit switched domain based on enhanced GSM MSCs consists of the following network elements: 2G/3G mobile-services switching center including the VLR functionality HLR with AC (Authentication Center) functionality Packet switched domain built on enhanced GPRS support nodes consists of: 2G/3G serving GPRS support node with subscriber location register (SGR) functionality Gateway GPRS support node (GGSN) Border gateway
22
UMTS (3GPP) ARCHITECTURE RELEASE 00

It is split into R4 (00) and R5(00+) defining two RAN technologies: GPRS/EDGE radio access network (GERAN) and W-CDMA as in R3
Applications & Services*) Alternative Access Network Legacy mobile signalling Network
SCP
Other PLMN
R-SGW*) Ms Mm Mg MGCF Gi Gi
Gi
Multimedia IP Networks
SGSN GGSN Gn Gp
CAP HSS*)
Cx
CSCF Mr MRF
Gn
T-SGW*)
PDN/ Internet
Gr R TE R TE MT MT Uu UTRAN Um
GERAN
lu-ps lu
SGSN
GGSN
Nb
lu1
MGW
lu 2
MGW
Mc
PSTN/ Legacy/ Externat
lu1=lucs(RTP,AAL2) lu2=lu(RANAP) Signalling interface
Nc
MSC server
GMSC server
T-SGW
Signalling and Data Transfer interface

*) those elements are duplicated for figure layout purpose only, they belong to the same logical element in the reference model
23
EVOLUTION PATHS FOR MIGRATION TO UMTS R5
CSCF MGCF MRF lu-ps E-MPSN Gi

IP IP
UTRAN
E-SGSN lu-ps
IP
E-GGSN
Gi
MGW
PSTN/ISDN
MGW lu-cs
VoIP/VoATM
MGW
VMSC server
GMSC server
R5 introduces All-IP environment including: Transport: utilization of the IP transport and connectivity with QoS throughout the network End-user services: with Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) possibilities to offer wide range of totally new services
24
GSM MIGRATION PHASES
2G
2.5G
3G R99(R3)
UTRAN W-CDMA CORE PS Domain - Data CS Domain - Voice
3G R00 (R4)
3GR00+ (R5)
SS7 over IP IP Multimedia services New entities in the Core SIP Call Model CAMEL Ph4
GSM
MAP
GPRS
MAP
IP RAN MSC split un Server and Gateway CAMEL Ph3
Phase 1 - GSM CS Voice and Data Phase 2 - GPRS Overlay Network Phase 3 - UMTS R99 Phase 4 - All IP UMTS R00 Phase 5 - IP Multi-media (IM)
25
MIGRATION OF GSM TO UMTS

GSM Phase 2
Multiple access FDMA/TDMA 9.6 kbit/s Full rate (FR) 900 MHz
GSM Phase 2+
FDMA/TDMA 64 kb/s; 115kb/s Enhanced full rate (EFR), transcoder free operation (TFO) Tri-band (900, 1800, 1900 MHz)
UMTS
TDMA/CDMA 384 kb/s; 2 Mb/s Adaptive multirate (AMR) 2000MHz, spectrum efficiency Seamless global roaming in multiradio environments and applications areas Enhanced authentication and user identity confidentiality, network domain security Circuit- and packet-switched bearers, real-time packet bearer Full Internet capability, speech, data, multimedia, virtual home environment (VHE)
Max. bit arte Speech quality Capacity
Roaming
International roaming Authentication, encryption
Global roaming Fraud information gathering, SS7 security, lawful interception (LI)
64 kbit/s circuit bearer, packet bearers by General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Service customization, service portability, value-added services, mobile Internet access, and Web-like information service
Security Bearers
Circuit-switched bearers
Speech and low-speed circuitswitched data, supplementary services, short message service
Services
26
DEPLOYMENT STRATEGIES FOR 3G SYSTEMS

When choosing an adequate approach in 3G systems deployment, the following elements have to be considered:
network type (private-public), coverage (local-global), mobility (low-high), data traffic (low-high), types of services (basic-multimedia).
Thus, two approaches may be identified:
Scenario 1 innovative, applied through implementation of the

completely new 3G network
Scenario 2 evolutionary, applied through migration (upgrade) of

already existing 2G or 2G+ network
27
DEPLOYMENT SCENARIO No.1

In this type of scenario the following versions may appear:
!
SCENARIO No.1(a): All-round

3G network is implemented where no 2G network exists both in terms of deployment area and the transmission rate
! SCENARIO No.1(b): Complement

3G network is implemented in the region with already existing 2G network(s) in a way that it could be: Area-complement 3G covers the whole range of the transmission rate and is located in the position not covered by 2G networks in the terms of the deployment area Rate-complement 3G covers the whole range of the deployment area and is located in the position not covered by 2G networks in terms of the transmission rate.
28
COMPARISON OF SCENARIOS No.1(a) AND No.1(b)

All-round-type scenario
Transmission bit rate Mobility Deployment Area Network interface System roaming Radio interface Mobile terminal mode Security Billing/charging Core network Service provider 2G, 3G and mobile systems other From lower to higher rates From static to cellular mobility From pico to macro cells If necessary If necessary Single Single Whole system Unified system Customized Single Overlap
Complementtype scenarios
Higher rate Cellular mobility Micro and macro cells Indispensable Indispensable Multiple Multiple Core network Multiple systems Transparent Multiple Complement
29
DEPLOYMENT SCENARIO No.2
There are two possible ways for mobile operators to migrate from 2G (2G+) to 3G:
! Scenario No.2(a): Existing 2G or 2G+ core network could be upgraded

for 3G use. In this case 2G and 3G networks share the same core infrastructure.
! Scenario No.2(b): Independent 3G core network could be implemented

completely independent from the existing 2G core infrastructure.
30
SCENARIO No.2 (a) COMMON CORE NETWORK FOR 2G AND 3G

Iub UMTS RNC Iu
GSM BTS GSM/GPRS TE
BTS
IN Platform Iu
Camel
UMTS BS UMTS TE
BTS
UMTS BS
ISUP A
MSC/VLR
Map
HLR
ISDN
Abis GSM BSC Abis GSM BSC A Gb
GSM BTS GSM BTS
Map Gi Gn
SGSN
Internet
Internet
GSM TE
BTS
GSM BTS
GGSN
RAN Subsystem
CN Subsystem
31
SCENARIO No.2 (b) INDEPENDENT 2G AND 3G CORE NETWORKS
UMTS BS UMTS TE
BTS
Iub UMTS RNC Iu Abis GSM BSC Gb Abis GSM BSC A

2G SGSN 3G SGSN
ISUP Iu
3G MSC/VLR Camel ISDN
UMTS BS
ISUP
HLR
GSM BTS GSM/GPRS TE

BTS
GSM BTS GSM BTS
Map
2G MSC/VLR
Gi
Internet
Gn
Internet
Gn
GGSN
GSM TE
BTS
GSM BTS
RAN Subsystem
CN Subsystem
32
IMPACTS OF SCENARIOS No.2 ON EXISTING 2G NETWORKS
SCENARIO No.2(a):
Re-dimension of the existing core network to be able to support 3G broadband services Optimize transmission network for a suitable traffic mix Network management system
SCENARIO No.2(b):
2G and 3G networks have minimum impact on each other
33
OPTIMAL SCENARIO No.2 IMPLEMENTATION

Voice (Existing GSM Network) Data
Deploy fully switched Virtual Transit Network with SS7 interworking
Deploy GPRS Network
Deploy IP Core
Deploy 3G Access & Core

Common IP Core Network for voice&data services
Migrate Internal IT infrastructure
Common Core Based on MPLS
34
Abbreviations
3GPP - Third generation partnership project AAA - Authentication, authorization and accounting AC - Authentication center AMPS - Advanced mobile phone service ANSI - American National Standards Institute ATM - Asynchronous transfer mode BSC - Base station controller BSS - Base station subsystem BTS - Base transceiver station CDMA - Code division multiple access CN - Core network CSCF - Call state control function CRNC - Controlling part of RNC DECT - Digital Enhanced Cordless Telephone system DRNC - Drift RNC EGPRS - Enhanced GPRS EIR - Equipment identification register E-SGSN- Enhanced SGSN E-GGSN-Enhanced GGSN E-VMSC-Enhanced visited MSC E-MPSN- Enhanced mobile packet service node Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia 35
Abbreviations
FDD - Frequency division duplex GERAN- GPRS radio access network GGSN - Gateway GPRS support node GMSC - Gateway MSC GPRS - General packet radio service GSM - Global system for mobile communication HLR - Home location register HSCSD- High-speed circuit switched data service IP - Internet protocol IWF - Interworking function IWMSC- Interworking MSC MAP - Mobile application part MGW - Media gateway MGCF - Media gateway control function MPLS - Multi protocol label switching MS - Mobile subscriber MT - Mobile terminal PDC - Personal digital cellular system PDSN - Packet data service node PHS - Personal handyphone system Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia 36
Abbreviations
RAN - Radio access network RNC - Radio network controller RNS - Radio network subsystem SCP - Service control point SGSN - Serving GPRS support node SIP - Session initiation protocol SMS - Short message service SRNC - Serving RNC STM - Synchronous transfer mode TDD - Time division duplex TDMA - Time division multiple access TE - Terminal equipment UE - User equipment UMTS - Universal mobile telecommunication system UTRAN-UMTS terrestrial radio access UWC - Universal wireless communication system VLR - Visitor location register WAP - Wireless application protocol WCDMA-Wideband CDMA
37

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ITU IMT-2000 Seminar Warsaw, October 2001

ON OPTIMIZATION OF 3G CELLULAR SYSTEMS DEPLOYMENT

On optimization of 3G cellular systems deployment

ITU IMT-2000 Seminar, Warsaw, October 2001

EVOLUTION OF CELLULAR SYSTEMS

9.6k-64 kbps (packet)

64k-384 kbps 2Mbps (indoor)

2 Mbps 20 Mbps (best effort indoort)

Up to 1 Mbps (Flat rate)

Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia

On optimization of 3G cellular systems deployment

ITU IMT-2000 Seminar, Warsaw, October 2001

WORLDWIDE DISTRIBUTION OF CELLULAR STANDARDS

Analog (1G) Digital 2G GSM

HSCSD 2+G GPRS EDGE

Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia

On optimization of 3G cellular systems deployment

ITU IMT-2000 Seminar, Warsaw, October 2001

DEVELOPMENT TRENDS IN WIRELESS STANDARDS

2020 ITS HAPS

GSM Pedestrian PDC IMT-2000 PHS Office

Optical fiber networks Gigabit-net

Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia

On optimization of 3G cellular systems deployment

ITU IMT-2000 Seminar, Warsaw, October 2001

TARGETED FEATURES OF 3G NETWORKS

Key features of such wireless cellular systems should be:

Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia

On optimization of 3G cellular systems deployment

ITU IMT-2000 Seminar, Warsaw, October 2001

COMPARISON OF 2G AND 3G CELLULAR SYSTEMS

Existing 2 G Mobile Systems

New 3 G IMT-2000 Systems

Commonality between different operating environments

Data services Roaming

Radio interfaces Data speed

Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia

On optimization of 3G cellular systems deployment

ITU IMT-2000 Seminar, Warsaw, October 2001

LAYERED ARCHITECTURE OF 3G NETWORKS

Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia

On optimization of 3G cellular systems deployment

ITU IMT-2000 Seminar, Warsaw, October 2001

OVERVIEW OF 3G STANDARDIZATION BODIES

Operators Harmonization Group

Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia

On optimization of 3Gcellular systems deployment

ITU IMT-2000 Seminar, Warsaw, October 2001

OPERATORS HARMONIZATION AGREEMENT

Radio access - family of 3G CDMAmodes

Core network - family of 3G systems

Core network - 3G inter-family roaming

Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia

On optimization of 3G cellular systems deployment

ITU IMT-2000 Seminar, Warsaw, October 2001

3G RADIO INTERFACE STANDARDIZATION

TDMA UWC - 136

Prof.dr Milica Pejanovic, University of Montenegro,Montenegro-Yugoslavia

On optimization of 3G cellular systems deployment

ITU IMT-2000 Seminar, Warsaw, October 2001

IMT-2000 TERRESTRIAL RADIO INTERFACES

On optimization of 3G cellular systems deployment

ITU IMT-2000 Seminar, Warsaw, October 2001