TRNG I HC BCH KHOA

KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN

B MN MNG V TRUYN THNG

BI TP LN CHUYN 2

ti:
Tm hiu v khai thc dch v qun tr mng NFS v NIS

Sinh vin

: Hong Tin Sn Nguyn Trn nh Trng Lp : 07T4 Cn b hng dn: Nguyn Tn Khi

Nng 2010

B mn Mng v Truyn Thng

MC LC
CHNG 1. C S L THUYT.............................................................7 1.1. TNG QUAN V NIS V NFS..........................................................7 i. Network Information Service Operation (NIS)....................................7 ii. Network File System Design and Operation......................................8 CHNG 2. CI T V CU HNH NFS, NIS...................................10 2.1. CI T V CU HNH NFS..........................................................10 a) Ci t v cu hnh NFS, trnh by ng dng NFS ..........................10 ii. Ci t v cu hnh cho my server..................................................10 iii. Ci t v cu hnh cho my client..................................................12 2.2. CI T V CU HNH NIS.........................................................16 a) Ci t v cu hnh NIS server.......................................................16 a) Ci t v cu hnh Nis Client ........................................................22 ii. Trin khai th mc c nhn cho mi user v my cc b.................25 CHNG 3. TRIN KHAI V NH GI KT QU ..........................27 3.1. MI TRNG TRIN KHAI............................................................27 3.2. KT QU TRIN KHAI....................................................................27

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DANH MC HNH V
t.Chnh sa yp.conf..............................................................................18 z.To user.............................................................................................22 bb.Ci t NIS ch Client.....................................................................22 cc.t li tn cho domain.....................................................................22 dd.Chnh sa file passwd......................................................................23 ee.Chnh sa file group.........................................................................23 ff.Chnh sa file shadow......................................................................24 gg.Chnh sa yp.conf............................................................................24 hh.Khi ng li nis.............................................................................25 ii.Khi ng li hon tt.......................................................................25 jj.Edit file exports.................................................................................25 kk.Khi ng li dch v nfs................................................................26

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TNG QUAN V TI
1. Bi cnh v l do thc hin ti
Trong khun kh b mn Chuyn 2, nghin cu v h thng mng Linux. Nhm gip sinh vin lm quen v tm hiu su v h thng Linux, mi nhm sinh vin cn thc hin mt ti th hin s nghin cu v qu trnh hc tp ca mnh. V vy trong khun kh bi tp ln b mn, nhm chng em chn ti: Tm hiu v khai thc dch NFS v NIS trn nn h iu hnh Ubuntu theo s gi ca thy gio Nguyn Tn Khi, nhm hiu su hn v h thng mng Linux.

2. Phng php trin khai ti

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Cc bc trin khai ti theo ng k hoch: Tm kim ti liu c v chn lc ti liu Vit cng nghin cu, tng quan ti liu Trin khai nghin cu Trin khai ng dng minh ha Vit bo co kt qu

3. Kt cu ca bi tp
Bi tp bao gm cc phn chnh: Phn gii thiu u v ti, bi cnh Chng 1: C s l thuyt Chng 2: Ci t v cu hnh NFS, NIS Chng 3: Trin khai v nh gi kt qu Phn cui: Ti liu tham kho v cc ph lc

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Chng 1.

C S L THUYT

1.1. TNG QUAN V NIS V NFS

i. Network Information Service Operation (NIS) Network Information Services (NIS) : Cho php bn to ti khon ngi dng c th chia s trn tt c cc h thng trn mng. Cc ti khon ngi dng c to ra ch trn my ch NIS. NIS client mun download d liu cn phi c username v passwords t my ch NIS c th ng nhp vo sever. Mt li th ca NIS l ngi s dng cn phi thay i mt khu ca mnh duy nht trn my ch ca NIS, thay v mi h thng trn mng. iu ny lm cho NIS ph bin trong cc phng th nghim o to my tnh, cc d n pht trin phn mm hoc l gii php cho nhm ngi chia s nhiu my tnh khc nhau. Nhng nhc im l NIS khng m ha cc thng tin tn ngi dng v mt khu khi cc my client ng nhp v tt c ngi dng c th truy cp cc mt khu m ha c lu tr trn my ch ca NIS. Mt vn ln trong vic iu hnh mt mi trng my tnh l vic bo tr ring bit cc bn copies ca file cu hnh thng thng nh password, group, v hosts files. Tt nht, mng phi nht qun trong cu hnh ca n, do ngi dng khng phi bn tm v ni ct du ti khon ca h hoc nu h c th tm thy mt my tnh khc trn mng. Mi tp tin ny phi c nhn bn mi my ch lu tr trn mng. Trong mi trng mng nh (Lan ch cha vi my), th vic ny c v n gin, nhng trong mi trng mng ln vi hng trm, nghn my th lm vic ny th cng l vic v cng kh khn. Cc h thng thng tin mng NIS l a ch ca vn ny. y l mt h c s d liu phn tn. Thay v phi qun l cc file ca mi my ch lu tr (nh / etc / hosts, / Etc / passwd, / etc / group, / etc / ethers, vv), bn duy tr mt c s d liu cho mi tp tin trn mt trung tm my ch. My c s dng NIS ly thng tin khi cn thit t nhng c s d liu. Khi thm mt h thng mi vo mng, ch cn sa i mt tp tin trn mt my ch trung tm v thng bo thay i ny vi phn cn li ca mng, hn l thay i cc tp tin host cho mi my ch lu tr c nhn trn mng. i vi mt mng li ca hai hoc ba h thng, s khc bit c th khng quan trng, nhng i vi mt mng li rng ln vi hng trm h thng, NIS l gii php ti u. V NIS c quan im nht qun v cc tp tin trn mng, n ph hp cho cc tp tin khng c thng tin host- c th. Cc tp tin l nh nhau trn tt c cc host trong mt mng, nh /etc/passwd v /etc/hosts ph hp vi m hnh NIS ca mt phn phi c s d liu. Ngoi vic qun l tp tin cu hnh, NIS c th c s dng cho bt k tp tin d liu chung m truy cp vo mt hoc nhiu lnh vc quan trng. NIS c xy dng trn m hnh client-server. Mt server NIS l mt host m cha cc file d liu NIS, gi l maps. Client l nhng host truy vn thng tin t cc maps ny. Server phi phn chia nhiu hn na qun l v phc v tch cc. Cc my ch (master server) l ch thc s ca cc maps d liu. Slave NIS x l
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cc yu cu ca client, nhng chng khng thay i cc NIS maps. Cc my ch chu trch nhim tng th cho tt c cc map bo dng v phn phi n cc my ch slaver ca n. Khi mt NIS map c xy dng trn my ch c 1 s thay i, cc tp tin map mi ny c phn phi cho cc my slave server. Cc my NIS client "nhn thy" nhng thay i ny khi thc hin truy vn trn cc tp tin map, khng phn bit l n ang giao tip vi master server hay l slave server, v khi cc map c phn phi th tt c cc my server u nhn c thng tin nh nhau. Mi quan h gia cc my slave, master v client:

ii. Network File System Design and Operation NFS(Network File System) l giao thc chia s ph bin trn UNIX. N cho php mount mt th mc trn mt my tnh t xa vo mt th mc cc b. V d trong cc h thng cluster, th mc /home thng c t trn mt NFS server v tt c cc node mount th mc ny v /home cc b. iu cho php chng ta c mt ci nhn nht qun v th mc ch, mi ngi dng khi log-in vo bt c node no cng truy cp c vo th mc chnh ca mnh. Ging nh NIS, NFS c thc hin nh mt b cc th tc RPC s dng d liu ngoi Data Representation (XDR) m ha vt qua cc i s gia my khch v my ch. Mt h thng tp tin gn kt bng NFS cung cp hai mc minh bch: h thng tp tin ny s xut hin c c tr trn mt a gn lin vi h thng local, v tt c h thng tp tin mc - tp tin v th mc c xem cng mt cch, cho d local hay remote. NFS n v tr ca tp tin trn mng. NFS gn h thng tp tin khng cha thng tin v cc file server t chng c gn kt. Cc my ch NFS c th l ca mt kin trc khc nhau hoc chy h iu hnh hon ton khc vi mt cu trc h thng tp tin hon ton khc nhau.
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Cu trc NFS u tin t c mc minh bch bng cch nh ngha mt tp hp cc hot ng chung ca h thng tp tin c thc hin trn mt h thng tp tin o (VFS). Cp th hai xut pht t nh ngha ca cc nt o, trong c lin quan n h thng tp tin inode quen thuc hn cu trcUnix nhng n cu trc thc t ca h thng tp tin vt l bn di chng. Cc thit lp ca tt c th tc c th c thc hin trn cc tp tin l nh ngha giao din vnode. Cc vnode v VFS (Virtual File System) chi tit k thut cng nhau xc nh cc giao thc NFS.

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Chng 2.

CI T V CU HNH NFS, NIS

2.1. CI T V CU HNH NFS

a) Ci t v cu hnh NFS, trnh by ng dng NFS NFS(Network File System) l giao thc chia s ph bin trn UNIX. N cho php mount mt th mc trn mt my tnh t xa vo mt th mc cc b. V d trong cc h thng cluster, th mc /home thng c t trn mt NFS server v tt c cc node mount th mc ny v /home cc b. iu cho php chng ta c mt ci nhn nht qun v th mc ch, mi ngi dng khi log-in vo bt c node no cng truy cp c vo th mc chnh ca mnh. ii. Ci t v cu hnh cho my server Ci t cc gi phn mm ch root trong terminal ln lt ci t: apt-get install nfs-kernel-server

a. apt-get install portmap nfs-common

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b. apt-get install nfs-common

c. Xc nh th mc cn chia s To mi th mc chia s file:

d. S dng file exports xc nh th mc cn share ( y l th mc Share) Trong Terminal, g nano /etc/exports chnh sa file

e.

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trong file exports va m ch ng dn ti th mc cn share v km theo phn quyn:

f. VD: /home/hoangson/Desktop/Data *(rw,sysc) : chia s th mc data, cho php c/ghi t bt c mng no. /home/hoangson/Desktop/Data 192.168.1.0/24(ro,sysc) : chia s th mc data, cho php ch c t ng mng 192.168.1.0. /home/hoangson/Desktop/Data 192.168.1.100/24(rw,sysc,no_subtree_check) : chia s th mc data, cho php c/ghi t my 192.168.1.100. Khi ng li dch v NFS Server: sudo /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server restart

g. iii. Ci t v cu hnh cho my client Ci t Trn my client, trong terminal ng nhp quyn root ci t:
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apt-get install nfs-common

h. To th mc mount point : mkdir /home/htson/Desktop/recevoir

i. Mount th mc c share trn Server v client mount 192.168.1.32:/home/hoangson /Desktop/Share /home/htson/Desktop/server Kt qu sau khi thc hin:

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j. Trn Desktop ca Client (htson) s c th mc server. Trn Server mun chia s d liu g cho Client (htson), ch cn copy d liu b vo th mc /home/hoangson/Desktop/Data th trn Desktop ca Client, trong th mc /home/htson/Desktop/recevoir s c d liu.

k. S dng lnh mount nh trn, khi client khi ng li s khng thy d liu, phi mount li.

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l. khc phc nhc im mi khi client khi ng li b mt mount, bn nn mount t ng t pha Client. M file /etc/fstab cu hnh. Trong Terminal, g #nano /etc/fstab

m. Thm vo dng thng s tng t nh lnh mount. Sau khi ng li my kim tra.

n. Kt qu :

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o.

2.2. CI T V CU HNH NIS

a) Ci t v cu hnh NIS server Ci t S dng lnh: sudo apt-get install portmap nis

p. Bc tip theo l t tn cho domain, y chng ta t: NIS_ubuntu ri sau nhn Enter:

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q. Thit lp Domain cho NIS Kt thc qu trnh ci t:

r. bin NIS thnh 1 sever ta tin hnh ty chnh file /etc/default/nis. Dng lnh : nano /etc/default/nis V chnh sa dng NISSERVER thnh NISSERVER = master

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Cu hnh yp.conf trong /etc Dng lnh : nano /etc/yp.conf Sau thm dng sau vo yp.conf

s.

Thm cc Domain thnh vin Ta s dnglnh: nano /etc/ypserv.securenets Thm cc domain vo : host 192.168.1.1 host 192.168.1.72
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t. Chnh sa yp.conf

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Nu mc nh l 0.0.0.0 l tt c mi ngi c th truy cp vo NIS sever:

u. Khi ng li NIS cp nht cc ty chnh mi Dng lnh: sudo /etc/init.d/portmap restart sudo /etc/init.d/nis restart

v. Kim tra cc thnh phn NIS hot ng hay cha Dng lnh : rpcinfo p localhost

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S dng lnh ypinit to ra cc tp tin xc thc lin quan cho cc tn min. Bn s c nhc nhp tn ca my ch NIS, y l hoangson. Vi th thut ny, tt c ti khon nonprivileged (khng phi admin) s t ng truy cp thng qua NIS. root@ubuntu:~# /usr/lib/yp/ypinit m

w. Xem cc tin trnh ang hot ng Thip lp NIS DOMAIN

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x.

To User

y.

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z. To user Sau chuyn v th mc /var/yp v dng lnh make cp nhp user mi to vo Database ca NIS Server

aa. a) Ci t v cu hnh Nis Client 1. Ci t NIS theo cc bc nh 1 v 2 ca NIS sever

bb. Ci t NIS ch Client Bn c th dt li tn cho Domain bng cch thay i /etc/defaultdomain

cc. t li tn cho domain

2.Thit lp tn dch v s dng NIS Chnh sa /etc/passwd thm 1 dng ti v tr cui: +::::::

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dd. Chnh sa file passwd

Chnh sa /etc/group thm 1 dng ti v tr cui: +:::

ee. Chnh sa file group

Chnh sa /etc/shadow thm 1 dng ti v tr cui: +::::::::

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ff. Chnh sa file shadow

iu ny thit lp cc dch v bao gm cc mc NIS nu 1 kt ni ph hp khng c tm thy trong file. Bn c th thay i cc dch v khc s dng NIS bng cch dng NIS service trong /etc/nsswitch.conf. 4. Chnh sa file /etc/yp.conf v thm vo dng: ypserver 192.168.1.200

gg. Chnh sa yp.conf

Ti v tr 192.168.1.200 l NIS server 5. Khi ng NIS: /etc/init.d/nis restart

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hh. Khi ng li nis

ii. Khi ng li hon tt ii. Trin khai th mc c nhn cho mi user v my cc b Chng ta s trin khai dch v auto mount t ng mount th mc c nhn tn NIS server v my client, khi user logon. Gi ci t cn thit l NFS c ci t trn. Trn my NIS server M file /etc/exports thm dng /home * (rw,sync)

jj. Edit file exports Khi ng li dch v NFS Server: sudo /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server restart

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kk. Khi ng li dch v nfs Trn my client: M file /etc/auto.master, thm vo dng cui cng /home /etc/auto.home timeout 300

To mi file /etc/auto.home c ni dung sau: * -fstype=nfs,soft,intr,rsize=8192,wsize=8192,nosuid,tcp 192.168.9.17:/home/&

Khi ng li dch v autofs bng lnh service autofs restart Lc ny logon vo my 2 s thy th mc c nhn ca mi user.

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Chng 3.

TRIN KHAI V NH GI KT QU

3.1. MI TRNG TRIN KHAI

Ci t v cu hnh NFS v NIS trn nn h iu hnh Ubuntu 10.10

3.2. KT QU TRIN KHAI

Qu trnh trin khai p ng c yu cu tm hiu ca ti nhng vn cn nhiu thit st. Nht l mt s chc nng cha thc s hot ng: Mount t ng t my client Cc chc nng ca NIS cha thc hin c nh mong mun

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TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] OReilly. Managing NFS and NIS [2] Cc ti liu tm c trn mng [3] Ngun ti liu tham kho t http://nfs.sourceforge.net/ http://www.linuxhomenetworking.com/wiki/index.php/Quick_HOWTO_:_Ch 30_:_Configuring_NIS http://www.linuxconfig.org/HowTo_configure_NFS

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