E-SHARK

a Technical Paper submitted to JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

by

V.Archana Devi
(H.T.No: 09N01A04B3)

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,

SREE CHAITANYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (Affiliated to JNTUH, HYDERABAD)

THIMMAPOOR, KARIMNAGAR, AP-505 527.
2009-2013

SREE CHAITANYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,

THIMMAPOOR, KARIMNAGAR, AP-505 527 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Technical Seminar report entitled E-SHARK is being submitted by V.Archana Devi bearing a 09N01A04B3 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and Communication Engineering, to the Jawaharlal Nehru

Technological University Hyderabad, is a bonafide work carried out by him under my guidance and supervision. The result embodied in this report has not been submitted to any other University or Institution for the award of any degree or diploma.

Supervisor Sri.K.NARESH KUMAR, Sr.Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, Sree Chaitanya College of Engineering.

Head of the Department Sri. J.SEETARAM, Associate Professor, Department of ECE, Sree Chaitanya College of Engineering.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Satisfaction that accomplishes the successful completion of any task would be incomplete without the mention of the people who make it possible and whose constant guidance and encouragement crown all the efforts with success. It is my privilege and pleasure to express my profound sense of respect, gratitude and indebtedness to my supervisor Sri. K.NARESH KUMAR,, Sr.Assistant Professor Department of ECE, SCCE, for his constant guidance, inspiration, and constant encouragement throughout this Technical Seminar work. We wish to express our deep gratitude to Sri. J.SEETARAM, Associate Professor and HOD, Department of ECE, SCCE, karimnagar for his cooperation and encouragement, in addition to providing necessary facilities throughout the Technical seminar work I sincerely extend my thanks to Dr.R.V.R.K.CHALAM, Principal, SREE CHAITANYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, Karimnagar, for providing all the facilities required for completion of this Seminar. I would like to thank all the staff and all my friends for their good wishes, their helping hand and constructive criticism, which led the successful completion of this Technical Seminar. I am immensely indebted to our parents, brothers and sisters for their love and unshakable belief in us and the understanding and ever-decreasing grudges for not spending time more often. I will now, since the excuse is in the process of vanishing by being printed on these very pages. Finally, I thank all those who directly and indirectly helped me in this regard. I apologize for not listing everyone here. V.Archana Devi
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DECLARATION
I here by declare that the work which is being presented in this dissertation entitled, E-SHARK, submitted towards the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and Communication Engineering, S.C.C.E, Karimnagar, is an authentic record of my own work carried out under the supervision of Sri.K.NARESH KUMAR, Sr.Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, S.C.C.E, Karimnagar. To the best of our knowledge and belief, this Technical Seminar bears no resemblance with any report submitted to SCCE or any other University for the award of any degree or diploma.

Date: Place:

V.Archana Devi

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ABSTRACT
Even as young children, we were fascinated by the realistic appeal of the war games, like the battle-ship, super tanks, etc., where it was all virtual and involved no loss of life. But, the time and technology to make it a real time application have come. In this pursuit, we have considered the possibility of making an automated submarine, namely eshark. As the risk pertaining to loss of human life is very high in case of a submarine, it would be very apt to replace the human control by an alternative source. With the rapid advancements in the fields of electronic sand communication systems, it is very much possible to achieve the complete automation of the above said. The vehicles could be primarily categorized as, fully-automated (used to carry out scientific operations like collection of underwater data and samples) and semi-automated (used to carry out military operations and coastguard security) based on their functionality .By employing the above-discussed models, a range of novel applications, which would otherwise be risky and unexplored, could be effectively carried out both in the fields of underwater scientific research and military activities.

CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS DECLARATION ABSTRACT CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF ABBREVATIONS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Need for e-shark CHAPTER 2 CLASSIFICATION 2.1Classification of e-shark 2.2 Fully automated e-shark 2.2.1 Features 2.2.2 Applications 2.3Semi automated e-shark 2.3.1 Features 2.3.2 Applications CHAPTER 3 DIFFERENCES 3.1 Differences of classifications 3.2 Communication system 3.2.1 Communication system working 5-8 5 6 7 3-4 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 iii iv v vi viii ix PAGE NO. 1-2 1 2

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CHAPTER 4 CONSTRUCTION & WORKING 4.1 Construction 4.2 Electronic system 4.2.1 Working 4.3 Electrical system 4.4 Mechanical system 4.5 Disadvantages CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION 5.1 Project conclusion 5.2 Future scope REFERENCES 14 14 14 15 9-13 9 9 9 10 12 13

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LIST OF FIGURES
Fig 3.1 Fig 3.2 Fig 4.2 Fig 4.3 Fig 4.4 Decision making unit attached to the processor Communication system Electronic System Electrical system of E-Shark External view of E-Shark 6 8 10 11 12

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LIST OF ABBREVATIONS RF GPS DC Radio Frequency Global Positioning System Direct Current

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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Man has always learned things from what he sees around him and tried to implement them in constructive way, so as give comfort to his life. Our e-shark too, is an idea that came through from the fascinating war games that we play. The intelligent enemy attacks us from all possible ways and we are provided with all possible ways to counter attack him. Why should this happen only in games? Cant the existing technology make it a real time war game? The answer is yes. With the existing technology of electronics and communication systems this war game can be made a real war field. In this pursuit, we have considered the possibility of making automated submarine, e-shark. Due to extreme difficulty in gathering sub aquatic observations, very little is known about the oceans and their inhabitants. We do know, however that the oceans are an extremely complex and an equally important part of the world in which we live. They cover the majority of the planet's surface, influence our climate, host countless species of plants and animals, and are home to important geological processes. Since they are notoriously difficult to study, they present one of the final frontiers for exploration. Since the underwater environment is very dark and musky much of its biology and geology must be studied at very close range. At greater distances, even powerful lights fail to illuminate a scene sufficiently. The goal of e-shark is to improve underwater robot technology in order to enable more scientific exploration of the oceans. With the increase in the interest in the environment and developments in technology, the concept of using e-shark for oceanic data collection is emerging as a means of achieving a breakthrough in the exploration and exploitation of the worlds oceans and climatic prediction. An e-shark is a robot which travels underwater. It constitute a part of a larger group of undersea systems known as Unmanned e-shark, a classification that includes non-autonomous Remotely Operated e-shark - controlled and powered from the surface by an operator or pilot via an umbilical. E-shark are unmanned, 1

untethered, self-propelled platforms which have the potential to revolutionize our access to the oceans and to address the critical problems faced by the marine community such as underwater search, rescue, mapping, climate change assessment, underwater inspection, marine habitat monitoring, shallow water mine counter measures and scientific studies in deep ocean areas. Recent trends in e-shark technology are moving towards reducing the vehicle size and improving its deploy ability to reduce the operational costs. There are undergoing large number of future operations that involve a fleet of small e-sharks become financially and technologically feasible. Certainly the timing of e-shark technology is good. It has been able to leverage its development by utilizing many technologies developed for other markets. E-sharks are capable of gathering scientific observations without direct interaction of human operators and other applications. 1.2 NEED FOR E-SHARK E-shark or electronic shark is automated underwater vehicle. Automation of conventionally available underwater vehicles can be achieved by employing current technologies. The need for e-shark arises due to reasons via.,

Avoiding life risk to people working in underwater vehicles. Reduction in expenditure made for safety measures in underwater vehicles. To reach abyssal depths and to perform operations at remote locations.

CHAPTER 2 CLASSIFICATION
2.1 CLASSIFICATION OF E-SHARK
E-sharks are classified based on their functionality into two types via. 1. Fully automated e-shark Performs specific operations like collection of underwater soil samples, collection of ocean data, etc. 2. Semi automated e-shark Performs multiple operations including military activities.

2.2 FULLY AUTOMATED E-SHARK

Fully automated e-shark, as the name suggests is a vehicle with complete automation. 2.2.1 FEATURES It has the following features: Self reliant Less complications in design Low range and specific applications

2.2.2 APPLICATIONS As stated earlier fully automated version can be used only for low range and specific applications. It is used in the applications where conditions are predefined i.e., the system does not encounter with a situation where it has to make a decision which is not predefined for it. If a condition as such arises the vehicle is given with a default condition of transferring all the data present in it and get destructed. This self destructible feature of e-shark can be used 1) For examining the seismically weak areas 2) For spying through enemy Territories

3) In Tsunami warning system 4) To reach remote locations and gather information

2.3 SEMI AUTOMATED E-SHARK

Semi automated e-shark is similar to fully automated e-shark, but has more advantages than that of fully automated e-shark. As the name implies is not self reliant as the fully automated once. 2.3.1 FEATURES It has the following features Not self reliant Connected to shore station via satellite network More complicated design

Can be used for wide range of applications

2.3.2 APPLICATIONS The semi automated e-shark has a wide range of applications. Due to the presence of the decision making unit, the semi automated e-shark can be used for any kind of applications. The major application of semi automated e-shark is in military operations. Since each and every move of our vehicle is known to us, this e-shark can replace the existing submarines. The semi automated e-shark can be equipped with the necessary artillery to counter attack enemies. So, the applications of semi automated e-shark are not limited and can be utilized for any underwater operation.

CHAPTER 3 DIFFERENCES
3.1 DIFFERENCE OF CLASSIFICATIONS
The difference in the construction of the semi automated e-shark from that of fully automated once is the inclusion of decision making unit. The figure below shows the entire picture of what is done. This is the feature that makes semi automated e-shark suitable for any kind of application. The decision making unit has continuous network connection with shore station and data transfer takes place continuously between shore station and the vehicle through a communication system explained in the next section. So any situation where the system fails to take its own decision it transfers the data of prevailing conditions to the shore station and acts according to the instructions given by the shore station.

Image processing

Signal processor

sensors

Decision Making unit

????

Shore station

Micro controller

work done

Fig 3.1 Decision making unit attached to the processor 3.2 COMMUNICATION SYSTEM The communication system plays a vital role in the semi automated e-shark where the system has to be in touch with shore station. For normal surface communication the communication satellites and GPS can be used. But when the vehicle is underwater the situation is different. The surface of water forms a medium of interface between the vehicle and the communication system. So, an effective communication system which can cross this hurdle is to be designed. 6

The communication system that we tell as a solution includes the following components. 1. Sonar system equipped with vehicle 2. Surface buoy 3. Global Positioning system 4. Communication satellite process. That is, the RF waves from satellite are converted into electrical signals at the apex of buoy and these electrical signals are converted. 3.2.1. Communication system working The working of communication system involves the continuous data exchange or transfer between above mentions elements. As sound waves are best known for communication underwater, e-shark is equipped with a sonar system that transmits the data in the form of sound signals to the surface buoy. The surface buoy has a transreceiver at bottom and the apex. The bottom transreceiver collects data in the form of sound signals and converts it into electrical signal using a transducer. These electrical signals are modulated onto a radio wave at the apex part of buoy and transmitted to the communication satellite. This satellite transfers the data to the shore station. The responses from the shore station are again communicated to the vehicle in the reverse into sound signals and the transmitter at the bottom of the buoy transmits the information to the vehicle. In this way a continuous communication system is achieved between the vehicle and the shore station. The GPS satellite is used to continuously monitor the track of the vehicle and to keep it in its track when the vehicle moves out of it. The working of the whole system is very much analogous to the mobile communication system which employs towers at regular intervals similar to buoys. In order to make the communication system effective and continuous, more number of buoys must be set up along the way or in the region where our vehicle is expected to move. The figure below shows the communication system.

Fig 3.2 Communication system

CHAPTER 4 CONSTRUCTION &WORKING

4.1 CONSTRUCTION
The construction both fully automated and semi automated e-sharks is similar except for the inclusion of decision making unit in semi automated e-shark. Construction and working of e-shark involves three major systems via., 1. Electronic system 2. Electrical system 3. Mechanical system 4.2 ELECTRONIC SYSTEM The electronic system consists of sensors, image and signal processor, data transmission buses, microprocessor, microcontroller and other sub-peripherals that support these major elements. 4.2.1 Working The working of this unit depends upon the complete co-ordination between individual systems. The sensors give to the system the entire information about the surroundings in the form of signals. The signal and image processor analyses these signals and sends the responses to the microprocessor. The microprocessor compares the responses of analyzed signals with a set of predefined instructions and sends a corresponding instruction to microcontroller. The microcontroller takes the action according to the instructions given by the microprocessor. So, microprocessor and microcontroller play an important role in the working of e-shark.

Image processor

Signal processor

sensors

microprocessor

Micro controller

Work done

Fig 4.2 Electronic System 4.3 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM The electrical system consists one major power source that produces the required power for the entire e-shark. This major source generally varies depending on the requirements. The generated power is used to charge the rechargeable batteries on board which serve as the source of power for the mechanical system. Since mechanical system consumes more power it is not preferable to supply the generated power directly to that system. 10

On the other hand the electronic system receives the power directly from the generation unit via DC converters. The flow chart given below shows the power distribution in the e-shark.

Power Source switching

DC-DC

Computers, Sensors & Mission Specific Components

5V Bench power B a t t e r y 1 1 B a t t e r y 2 B a t t e r y 8

Discharge

Power controller
Charge

DCDC

Motor

Fig 4.3 Electrical system of E-Shark

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4.4 MECHANICAL SYSTEM The mechanical system includes the motors, propellers, fin actuators and other elements that are necessary for the controlled motion of the system. The figure below depicts the external view of the e-shark. The mechanical elements are also seen in the figure.

Fig 4.4 External view of E-Shark

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4.5 DISADVANTAGES
Security problems pose a major threat. Cost proves a major hindrance. Complexity in the design. Huge amount of paraphernalia associated with the communication system.

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CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION
5.1 CONCLUSION
On a conclusive note we would establish that the usage of e-shark, which eliminates the human involvement, would remove any risk to human life which is prevalent in the existing systems. Use of e-shark would mark an entry into the unexplored and forbidden regions capable of unveiling the dark secrets of the ocean. Finally, e-shark would prove to be a jewel in the artillery of a nations defense system. 5.2 FUTURE WORK An underwater vehicle which can transit through waypoints and hover in the presence of currents enables a variety of capabilities which are not possible for vehicles that must retain forward way to remain hydrodynamically stable. We intend to examine whether the Phoenix hull form can stably approach and neutralize a moored mine-like object.

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REFERENCES
1. Brutzman, Donald P. and Compton, Mark A., AUV Research at the Naval Postgraduate School, Sea Technology, vol. 32 no. 12, December 1991, pp. 35-40. 2. Flagg, Marco, Submersible Computer for Divers, Autonomous Applications, Sea Technology, vol. 35 no. 2, February 1994, pp. 33-37. 3. Philip R Hougaard, Andrea Megela Simmons, Arthur N Popper, Richard R Fay, Acoustic Communication, Hardcover publishers, 1998 4. Robert SH Istepanian, Milica Stojanovic, Underwater Acoustic Digital Signal Processing & Communication Systems, Hardcover Publishers, 2000

References on the web:

1. http://www.stl.nps.navy.mil/auv/aimr.html 2. http://www.stl.nps.navy.mil/auv/aimr.ps 3. http://www.sdsc.edu/vrml

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