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The Root
The root is the part of the plant that takes in water and minerals for the plant. Roots have root hairs that increase the surface area for more water absorption.
The Stem
The stem has vessels that transport sap and water throughout the plant. Sap is a nutrient-rich fluid that contains a lot of sugar.
The Leaf
Two Functions of the Leaf
Photosynthesis is the process when leaf cells containing chlorophyll take in carbon dioxide and water and using sunlight, make sugar and oxygen. Transpiration is the loss of water from the leaf. This helps to draw water up through the plant from the roots.
Leaf Cross-Section
Upper and Lower Epidermis - protective layers on the upper and lower sides of the leaf Cuticle - waxy layer on the upper epidermis to reduce water loss Palisade Cell Layer - layer without chloroplasts beneath the upper epidermis Spongy Mesophyll Layer - layer beneath palisade layer containing chloroplasts which photosynthesise sugars; also contains veins carrying xylem and phloem, and many air spaces for exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen Stoma (Plural: Stomata) - pores in the lower epidermis that are surrounded by bean-shaped guard cells that contain chloroplasts
The Flower
The flower is the organ of reproduction in flowering plants. The male part of the flower is the stamen (composed of the anther where pollen is made and the thin filament). The female part of the flower is the pistil (composed of the stigma, the thin style and the ovary). Pollination occurs when pollen is transferred by insects or wind from the anther to the stigma. Chemicals called enzymes 'drill' a channel down through the style to the ovary where the egg is. Fertilisation occurs when the pollen joins with the egg. After this, a seed forms inside a fruit. Germination is the process when a seed grows into a seedling.
On this page:
The Root The Stem The Leaf The Flower How Water & Nutrients are Transported
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Biology