IN CHESS. Eugene A. New YorkPREFACE A third edition of Znosko-Borowsky’s pioneer work, The Middle Game ix Chess, having been sold out, the ‘question of a reprint became urgent. ‘An artist in the true sense of che word, the author was not satisfied with 2 mere reprint of the work as it stood, successful though that has been. Iestead ofthis line of Jeast resistance, he set out t9 wete aa entirely new book, in which the experience and concentrated thought of the last ewelve years have found a happy expression, The really outstanding positions from the old book have, been retained, but treated in a manner far more concise and easy to comprehend. At the same, time, new and profound ideas are ilus- teated by positions from the very latest master practice, Truc to the pioneer spirit, which io perhaps the most striking feature of the author's ebiracte, he gives his readers, in Chapter I of Fart Ul, a lucid exposition of those Bugs ofthe werage Payer, the arson ages beteen Opening and Midele Game and betwesn Mile Game and End Game. For the frst time in the history of chess literature, this imporant subject Binds adequate and authoritative treatment. My thanks are due to my friends F. W. Allen and 1D, Castelo for reading the proofs. J. bv Mowr Thic Dover eon, fst plod in 190, repetition of the i ena Paion bes boy ee Ieenatinel Standort Baok Numbers AN. 30014 Lipa of Gobgree Catal Card Nome! 795500 Mavsfscteed in he Unies Siter of Amerie ‘Dover Pubentng, ie, ‘New York NY 10088 CONTENTS PART 1. GENERAL REMARKS 1 The Marea, Bass or nu Gat 1 The Elements : Space, Time, Force - on 2° The Pieces and theie Management: The Pawns, The King, The Other Pieces. 44 3 The Co-ordination of the Elements asthe Basis ofChes So MI ones mw Cums a 35 4 Object fellow and how to atin them. 35 aTwets . : 2 HIE Srearzoy ano Tactics et 1 Preliminary and Inner Analy of Postion | 48 42 The Postion ara Whole 38 3 Construction and Execution ofthe Pla 6 44 Tactical Posies oe % PART Il, THE MIDDLE GAME I The Seaces or THz Mippie Gace 6 1 Between the Opening and the Middle Game 76 2 Between Middle Game and End Game . a TI Sorsaionsry ax Posrricx es 1 Superiority i the Vatious Blemenis 94 42 Vatioas Means of Exploiting an Advantage 210CONTENTS PART Il, THE MIDDLE GAME—contnuel HIT Twrexon Posrrions - 46 1 Infriority in Diferene Elements 46 2 Various Means of Remedying Inferorty in Position 18s TV Eves Posmons 84 1 Combinition ofthe Elenens 184 2 Positions without Distinctive Features. 196 43 Upeting the Balance... = 206 4 Counter Action a2 Conecontox eae 219 Lave or Thuvernaswve Posions aa PART I. GENERAL REMARKS I. THE MATERIAL BASIS OF THE GAME 1. Tue Eumanrs (@ Space A oan of chess is contested within a strictly geometrical space, namely, a square board sub-divided into 64 squares of equal size. ‘There is no hysical difference at all between any of these squares, their colour being only a matter of convenience, making them easicr to survey. ‘Yet their respective location on the chessboard affects their individual importance. This distinctién becomes evident when we compare the squares situated on the ‘edge of the board with those in the centre. The centre squares are, for all practical purposes, a an equal distance from the corners of the board ; in consequence itis easy to support from there any point that may be attacked on, conversely, to initiate an attack wherever opportunity offers, In practice, whoever controls the centre hes the command of the whole board. The centre squares being surrounded by other squares, any piece posted there radiates power in every direction, whereas its effectiveness is considerably less if placed near the edge of the board, as there it lacks at least one side for its radiation ; in the corner it is even cut off from two sides. ‘The less radiation a piece posseases, the smaller is its power. Therefore pieces gain in strength by approack- ing the centre ; they are strongest when posted there.