BIOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES

DIAGNOSTIC INSTRUMENTS

Instrumentation

Category
Bioelectricity Bioelectricity

Application
Heart diseases Brain infections Est. biochemical substances

A.diagnostic instruments

1.Electrocardiograph(ECG) 2.electroencephalograph(ECG) 3.autoanalysers

Biochemistry hematology

X-ray

Diseases of brain, spinal cord etc

B.Diagnostic images
Nuclear 1.computed tomographic scan ( CT Scan) 2.Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) 3.magnetoencephalography (MET) 4.echo cardiography Stimulators Stimulators Radiation Ultrasound

Nuclear

Give shock to heart Stimulate heart beat] Treating tumours ,cancer

C.therapeutic instruments
1.defibrillators 2.pace makers 3.medical lasers Radiation Organ assists

4.radiotherapy units 5.heart assist devices(e.g.intra-

For normal flow of blood

THERMOMETER A simple instrument called thermometer was invented by Galilio Gallielei in 1593. Clinical thermometer is used for talking human body temperature normally in Fahrenheit. The temperature of normal healthy person is 98.6F (37C)

STETHOSCOPE It was invented by William Stockers in 1853. This instrument is used for hearing the sounds of heart beat.

SPHYGMOMANOMETER It is commonly called B.P.apparatus. It is used for measuring arterial blood pressure. The blood pressure is usually taken in the left brachial artery. A healthy adult has blood pressure reading of about 128/80 (i.e.120mm Hg systolic and 80mm Hg diastolic pressure) . A

persistant rise in B.P. is called hypertension and abnormal low B.P. is termed hypotension.