219

219

W
K

??? ?

219

KKKK
K

WK

K
K

219

219

W
W
K

W
W
K

K
K

K100W

W
K2

K
K

W
K

-1-

219

K1

K
W

K
K

KKKK

K2

4J 2

0.30.1

-2-

219

(1.1)

W1.1
-3-

219

50:65 ( SINTER) W
K

. W

W J

K
KJ

230

400

1300

1000

2500

E F (Flux)
K
-4-

219

.3

J 3 J 2

J 1

J 5
J 4

L4000 WJ

W J
.

. % 8 % 5 W J

WE1.1F

W1.1

.05

.5

3.5

.04

5.2

6.2

.6

-5-

219

Wrought Iron EWF

0.1%

Pig IronEF

4 2

Cast IronEF

K4%2%

Steel

K2%

K4

(Cast Iron)

(Wrought Iron)K18201780

K K1840
W(Carbon Steel)

low Carbon
0.15%

Mild Carbon

0.29%0.15%

Medium Carbon

0.59%0.30 %

High Carbon

-6-

219

1.7%0.60 %

37

L37EF

:
mild steelJ

low alloy steelJ

high alloy steelJ

st.37 mild steel 37 -

st.52 low alloy steel 52 -

WASTM

Carbon steelEF
Fy = 248Mpa = 36ksi EYield StressFA36
( High Strength,low Alloy ) EF
Fy = 448Mpa = 65ksi

A 572

EAlloy steelFEF

-7-

219

Fy = 689.5Mpa = 100 ksi

A 514

ECorrosion resistant High StrengthFEF

Fy = 344 Mpa = 50 ksi

A 588
K5

Structural steel Sections

Hotrolled sections

IPE & IPB sections (I) -1

Euronorm 19-57

IPE 160

-8-

219

K
IPE 160

h (mm)

b (mm)

tw (mm)

tf (mm)

160

82

7.4

channel sections (U) -2

DIN EN 10025, 17100

K260x90x1080x45x6W

-9-

219

h = hight web( )
b = width ( )
s = web thickness ( )
t = flange thickness ( )
r = radius ( )

- 10 -

80
100
120
140
160
200
260

45
50
55
60
65
75
90

6.0
6.0
7.0
7.0
7.5
8.5
10.0

8.0
8.5
9.0
10.0
10.5
11.5
14.0

219

h ( )

100
200

100
200
400

0.5
1.0
1.5

43030W
DIN EN 10025, 17100

a =
t =

a
30

- 11 -

1.78

219

W
5C58C120

DIN EN 10025, 17100 -

120+ 2

58 + 1.5

7.7+ 0.5

5.1

11.1

5.1 + 0.5

KIPN

Profiles IPN according to the following standardsDIN 1025-1:1995; EN 10024:1995

- 12 -

219

Type

h
b

1
s
t
r
mass of 1 meter

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

[kg/m]

IPN 80

80

42

3,9

5,9

3,9

5,94

IPN 100

100

50

4,5

6,8

4,5

8,34

IPN 120

120

58

5,1

7,7

5,1

11,1

IPN 140

140

66

5,7

8,6

5,7

14,3

IPN 160

160

74

6,3

9,5

6,3

17,9

IPN 180

180

82

6,9

10,4

6,9

21,9

IPN 200

200

90

7,5

11,3

7,5

26,2

IPN 220

220

98

8,1

12,2

8,1

31,1

IPN 240

240

106

8,7

13,1

8,7

36,2

IPN 300

300

125

10,8

16,2

10,8

54,2

IPN 340

340

137

12,2

18,3

12,2

68

IPN 360

360

143

13

19,5

13

76,1

IPN 400

400

155

14,4

21,6

14,4

92,4

IPN 450

450

170

16,2

24,3

16,2

115

IPN 500

500

185

18

27

18

141

IPN 550

550

200

19

30

19

166

BS4: Part1: 1993

Universal Columns
- 13 -

219

Type

mass of 1 meter

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

[kg/m]

UC 152x152x23

152,4

152,2

5,8

6,8

7,6

23

UC 152x152x30

157,6

152,9

6,5

9,4

7,6

30

UC 152x152x37

161,8

154,4

11,5

7,6

37

UC 203x203x46

203,2

203,6

7,2

11

10,2

46,1

UC 203x203x52

206,2

204,3

7,9

12,5

10,2

52

UC 203x203x60

209,6

205,8

9,4

14,2

10,2

60

UC 203x203x71

215,8

206,4

10

17,3

10,2

71

- 14 -

219

BS4: Part1: 1993

Universal Beams

Type

mass of 1 meter

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

[kg/m]

UB 203x133x25

203,2

133,2

5,7

7,8

7,6

25,1

UB 203x133x30

206,8

133,9

6,4

9,6

7,6

30

UB 254x102x23

254

101,6

5,7

6,8

7,6

22

- 15 -

219

ASTM A6/A 6M-04a

Type

mass of 1 meter

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]

[kg/m]

W 6x15

152

152

5,8

6,6

22,5

W 6x20

157

153

6,6

9,9

29,8

W 6x25

162

154

8,1

11,6

37,1

W 8x18

207

133

5,8

8,4

26,6

W 8x21

210

134

6,4

10,2

31,3

W 8x31

203

203

7,2

11

10

46,1

W 8x35

206

204

7,9

12,6

10

52

W 8x40

210

205

9,1

14,2

10

59

W 8x48

216

206

10,2

17,4

10

71

W 10x12

251

101

4,8

5,3

17,9

W 10x15

254

102

5,8

6,9

22,3

W 10x17

257

102

6,1

8,4

25,3

W 10x19

260

102

6,4

10

28,4

- 16 -

219

- 17 -

219

Cold-formed sections J

E1.3F

KW1.3
- 18 -

219

W
K

W
W
K

K
K

K100W

W
K2

K
K

W
K

- 19 -

219

K1

E2.1F

W2.1
- 20 -

219

Column Splices J

20

K {

. 2.2

Bolted Column Splice : 2.2

beam-to-column connection -

K2.3KE {{F

- 21 -

219

Beam to Column Connections : 2.3

E2.4F

K
K

W2.4

- 22 -

219

Steel structures characteristicsK2

K
K

20%Ductility
K

Elastic Limit
K

K3

- 23 -

219

500

1200

K3

K4

K
K

Dead Loads

K
KKKKK

Live Loads

K
Moving )K

(Cranes){ (Loads

KKKK { EMovable Loads)

K{{{{{
K

12000N/m2

1900N/m2

- 24 -

219

Snow Loads
K

EF

K K
E2.1FK

KE F

KE FW2.1

60

60

50

40

30

20

35

45

55

65

75

Kg / m 2

Wind Loads

;
;

WK;{
q = C . V2

E Kg/m 2 FJ q

K(Shape CoefficientF-C
E m/s FJ V

E2.4F(2.3)
K

- 25 -

219

q
W

20

100J 20
100

75 Kg/m 2

100 Kg/m 2

125 Kg/m 2

(Pw)

Pw

= C1 . q

C1

C = 1.2 sin - 0.4

C = 1.6 sin - 0.4

C = - 0.4 EF

(Pressure) C

- 26 -

. (Suction)

219

W2.3

W2.4
- 27 -

219

K(2.5)

: 2.5

Earthquake Loading

KEStiffnessFEMassF

EF

W V

V = Z. I. K. C. S. W

-Z

J I

J K

J C

J S
-W

- 28 -

219

Traffic Loads for Bridges

Impact Loads

Combination of Loads J

- 29 -

219

W
K

W
W
K

K
K
K

K100W

W
K4

K
K

W
K

- 30 -

219

K1

K
W

W
WMoment Resisting Frame SystemJ
K(3.1F

Moment Resisting FrameW3.1

- 31 -

219

: Building Frame System J

. Braced Frames Shear Wall Frames

E 3.2 )

Shear Wall FramesW3.2

: Dual System J
W
K J 1
WJ 2
.Base shear J
. Braced frames EF (Shear walls) J

KJ 3

: Bearing Wall System J

- 32 -

219

.3.3EF ( Shear Walls )

Shear Wall FramesEFW3.3

K2

J

K E3.4F

- 33 -

219

KW3.4

K3.5

W3.5

- 34 -

219

Columns K1

RafterEF K2

Endwall Girt K3

Sidewall Girt K4

K
Eave Strut K5

Purlins K6

BracingMembers K7

E10F E9F E8F

K
- 35 -

219

E3.6 F

EF

W3.6

E3.7F

K C ZW3.7
- 36 -

219

K.(3.8F
K

KW3.8

W K

EBase plates & anchorage of column basesF

- 37 -

219

column splices

Beam-to-column connection

3.10 3.9 . E {{F

K

KW3.9

- 38 -

219

KW3.10

Beam To Beam connection

{ (Connections)

Rivets J

(Snap Head)

K
.

- 39 -

219

Bolts and Nuts -

(Mild steel Black Bolts )

Welding J

EF J
K

K J
.3
Bracing for steel framed buildings J

(3.12 3.11 F

.
:

Horizontal bracing systemE3.12FJ

Vertical bracing system J

- 40 -

219

KW3.11

KW3.12

E F

K3.13
- 41 -

219

KW3.13

Portal BracingJ

3.14
K

KW3.14
Wind Column bracingJ

KE3.15F

- 42 -

219

KW3.15
.4

EKK

- 43 -

219

W
W
K

W
W
K

W
K

K100W

W
K24

K
K

W
K
- 44 -

219

K1

EASTM E8F4.1

E4.2FK
K(ASTMF

ASTM E8W4.1
KEmmF

W4.1
(ASTMF
- 45 -

219

(37) K
2L 37

KE52F44

EF/EF=

- 46 -

219

f =

P
A

f
P
A

EF/EF=

e= L

J e
J L
J L
Youngs Modulus of Elasticity J

K
2100 t/cm2

E=

f
e

W
J
- 47 -

219

J f

J e

f.L
f
f
E= =
=
e L
L
L

Poissons ratio

K Transverse

0.26Longitudinal StrainLateral Strain

.2

WEF

Yield Stress (Fy)

Ultimate Stress(Fu)

Modulus of Elasticity (E)

Strain ( )

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion ( ) J

- 48 -

219

Allowable Stress Design Method (ASD) J 1

K K

EFLEFZ

Safety Factor =

Yield Stress
Allowable Stress

J 2

[(Loads x L factors) (Resistance x R factor)]

EKKKKKF
1.0 0.75K

KEKKKKKF

KGeneral Layout of Structures

- 49 -

219

KEF

K
K
K

1.7

K3

W.3

FEF

KE4.34.2

:4.2

- 50 -

219

:4.3

A req =

J 1

J 2

T
f pt
W

f pt = 1.4 t/cm 2 = 1400 kg/cm 2 J f

pt

J T
K37KJ A req
Areq

J 3

J 4

f act =

T
f
pt
A

- 51 -

219

WJ

J 1

A gross =

J 2

T
0.85 f pt

A gross

J 3

J 4

f act =

T
f
pt
A net
W

J 5

- A net
K

A net = 0.85 A gross

K - A gross

A net = A gross - A

A net = A gross - d . t

- 52 -

219

J d
J t

f act f pt

f act f pt

EFt21

f pt = 1.4 t/cm 2 = 1400 kg/cm 2

- 53 -

219

t 21 J 1
J 2

Areq =

T
f pt

A req =

21000
= 15.00 cm 2
1400

A req
15.00
=
= 7.50 cm 2 Z
2
2

A of 1 LF x 55 x 8 ) = 8.23 cm 55

f act =

T
21000 21000
=
=
= 1275.82 kg/cm2
2 x Aact 2 x 8.23 16.46
f act = 1275.82 kg/cm2 < f pt = 1400 kg/cm2

W

21
mm 710 mm

f pt = 1.4 t/cm 2 = 1400 kg/cm 2

- 54 -

219

21tJ 1
J 2

T
A
=
gross

0.85 f pt

A gross =

21000
= 17.64 cm 2
0.85 x 1400

A gross
17.64
=
= 8.82 cm 2 Z
2
2

( A of 1 L x 65 x 8 ) = 9.85 cm 65

A net = A gross - d . t

A net = 2 ( 9.85 - 0.7 x 1.7 )

A net = 2 ( 9.85 - 1.19 ) = 17.32 cm 2

- 55 -

219

T
21000
=
= 1212.47 kg/cm2
A net 17.32
f act = 1212.47 kg/cm2 < f tp = 1400 kg/cm2
f act =

EF

KE 4.4F

:4.4

(Slenderness RatioFEBucklingF
rE FL

KE4.5FERadius of gyrationF

W4.5
- 56 -

219

E4.1F

WK

Slenderness Ratio

K.L
Z
r

J K

J L

Radius of gyration J r

- 57 -

219

KEAISCFW4.1

Areq =

N
f pB

- 58 -

219

f C = 700 Kg/cm 2 f pB

Areq

K.L
= 100
r

E L bx , L by FNJ 1

A req =

N
f pB Areq J 2

f pB
f

pB

= 700 Kg/cm 2 Z0.7 t/cm

E A , i x , i y FJ 3

WJ 4

WE x , y FJ
L bx

x =
ix

L bx

, x =
ix
- 59 -

219

E x , y FJ

W100 J

pB
f

= 1400 - 0.06 2

pB

7 x 106

> 100 J

< 100 J

f act =

N
A

f pB J 5

f act f pB
f

act

> f pB

L bx = 6 m L by = 4.5 m 40

N = 40 t

Lby = 450 cm J 1

Lbx = 6 00 cm

A req =
- 60 -

N
f pB

40
= 57.14 cm2 J 2
0.7

219

B.F .I

180 J 3

A = 65.8 cm 2
i x = 7.63 cm

i y = 4.55 cm

J 4
L
600
x = bx =
= 78.64
ix
7.63

L by

450
y =
=
= 98.90
iy
4.55

<100 y 98.90Z

pB

f act =

pB

= 1400 - 0.06 2

= 1400 - 0.06 (98.90) 2 = 813.13 kg/cm 2

N
A

40
= 0.6079 t/cm 2 = 607.9 Kg/cm 2
65.8

f act = 607.9 Kg/cm 2 < f

pB

= 813.13 Kg/cm 2

- 61 -

219

20

L x = 2.40 m
K L y = 3.00 m
K.L
= 100
r
f C = 700 Kg/cm 2

Areq K1
F

20000 Kg

A req = =
= 28.57 28.60 cm 2
f c 700 Kg/cm 2

28.60
= 14.3 cm 2
2
W 2 L 90 x 90 x 9
A of 1 L = 15.5 cm 2

A of 1 L =

- 62 -

219

WH

M x NJ 1

N
A
=
req f
f
= 700 Kg/cm 2 Z0.7t/cm
J 2
pB
pB
2

KE A , i x , i y , Z FJ 3
x

WJ 4

x , y J
J
W100 J

W100 J

pB

= 1400 - 0.06 2

7 x 10
f pB =
2

< 100 J 1
> 100

J 2

WJ 5

f act =

f pt
f pB

M
N
x x 1.4 t/cm2
Zx
A

f act 1.4
f act 1.4

- 63 -

219

EF

VB =

M
W Z
Z

W J 1
M x J 2
Q x J 3
W Z req =

Mx
J 4
f pt

f pt = 1.4 t/cm 2 = 1400 kg/cm 2

E IxZxF Z req J 6
J 7

Mx
f pt
Zx

f act =

qact =

Qx

AW

0.84 t/cm2

K A W = S x (h - 2 t)

act

- 64 -

max

L
W
360

J 8

219

5 WLL L4

=
act
384 E I

E t/m FJ WLL

M max =

WLL L2
8

E t/cm 2 FJ

5 M max L2

=
act
48 E I

E= 2100 t/cm2

5 12

kg/m2 100 K 2
Kkg/m2 300

kg/m50
W

x 0.12 x 2 = 0.6 t/m2.5

- 65 -

219

x 2 = 0.2 t/m0.10
x 2 = 0.6 t/m0.3
t/m0.05

WD + L
WLL L2

M max =

= 1.45 t/m

1.45 x 52
= 4.53 t.m
8

WLL L 1.45 x 5
=
= 3.62 t

Qmax =

M
4.53 x 100
= 323.57 cm2
Z req = x =
1.4
f pt

B.F.I N0. 160 , Zx=329 cm3 , Ix=2630 cm4

Mx
4.53 x 100
f pt =
= 1.37 t/cm 2 < 1.4 t/cm 2
Zx
329

f act =

qact =

Qx

AW

0.84 t/cm2

A W = S x (h - 2 t)
S = 0.9 cm , h=1.60 cm , t=1.4 cm

A W = S x (h - 2 t) = 0.9 (1.6 - 2 x 1.4) = 11.88 cm2

act

Qx
3.62
=
= 0.304 t/cm2 < 0.84 t/cm2
A W 11.88

act

max

- 66 -

L 500
=
= 1.38 cm
360 360

219

5 WLL L4 5 x 0.0145 x 5004

=
=
= 2.13 cm2
384 x 2100 x 2630
act
384 E I

act

= 2.13 cm2 >

L
= 1.38 cm2
max 360

- 67 -

219

W
W
K

K
K

K100W

W
K6

K
K

W
K
- 68 -

219

.1

K

Riveted ConnectionJ

Bolted Connection

Welded Connection

EFJ

.2
RivetsJ

Round Head

E5.1FCounter Sunk Shank

3633302623201714W

K2623EF201714

Button
head

Countersunk
head

Flat
head

- 69 -

Truss
head

Pan
head

219

W5.1

WJ 1
K

Closing the rivet headJ 2

BoltsEFI I
(5.2)EF

WasherNut EThreadF

KW5.2

WEF

- 70 -

219

Black BoltsEFJ

37
K2

Turned BoltsEFJ
5237
K

High Strength BoltsEFJ

K0.3
.3

J 1

W
K

Types of Riveted Joints

Lap JointEF

Butt JointEF

Lap Joint EFE

- 71 -

219

Single riveted lap

Double joint

K riveted lap joint

KPitch

Butt Joint EFE

.4

E0.98 t/cm237F
EfbZ1.96 t/cm2 F

KEF

-1

- 72 -

219

qs.s = 0.98 t/cm2

d2
R s.s = A . q s.s = . . q s.s
4

W20

d2
2.0 2
R s.s = A . q s.s = . . q s.s = .
. 0.98 = 3.077 t
4
4

W
RD.s =2 A . qs.s = 2 . Rs.s = 2 x 3.077 = 6.15 t

-2

Kfb

Rb

Rb = A . fb = t . d . fb

W2012
Zfb =2.0 x 1.2 x 1.96 = 4.70 t t . d . Rb

- 73 -

219

W 5.3

T= 14 t , t=12 mm , d=20 mm

KEFW 5.3
W

qs.s = 0.98 t/cm2

d2
R s.s = A . q s.s = . . q s.s
4

d
2.0 2
R s.s = A . q s.s = . . q s.s = .
. 0.98 = 3.077 t
4
4

Rb = A . fbZt . d .fb = 2.0 x 1.2 x 1.96 = 4.70 t

R min = Min ( R s.s , R b ) = Min (3.07 , 4.70) = 3.07 t

- 74 -

219

n =

T
R min

14
= 4.5 = 6 Rivets
3.07

W5.4

KEFW 5.4
T= 14 t , t1=12 mm , t2=14 mm , d=20 mm , b=30 cm , n=9 Rivets

K(5.5F

KW 5.5

d2
2.0 2
R D.s = 2 A . q s.s = 2 . . q s.s = 2 .
. 0.98 = 6.15 t
4
4

1.4 cm

ZRb2t2 . d .fb = 1.4 x 2 x 1.96 = 5.48 t

- 75 -

219

R min = Min ( R D.s , R b ) = Min (6.15 , 5.48) = 5.48 t

K

x 5.48 = 49.32 t9

A net = t . (b - 3. ) = 1.4 (30 - 3 x 2) = 33.6 cm 2

2
A net . F = 33.6 x 1.4 = 47.04 t
pt

47.04 t

K5

Rivets

K5.75.6K

- 76 -

219

KW5.6

KW5.7

.6

- 77 -

219

Methods of connections

W
Rivets -1

(Snap Head)

Bolts and Nuts -2

(Mild steel Black Bolts)

- 78 -

219

W
W
K

K
K

K
K100W

W
K6

K
K

W
K
- 79 -

219

.1

E F

K
: (Welding process)

W J

K J

K J

K J

K J

K J

K J

K J

K J

- 80 -

219

: (High Strength Steel)

(Submerged Arc) -1

(Gas Meta Arc ) -2

(Flux Cored Arc) -3

(Granular Flux )
.

Advantages of Welding .2

EGusset PlatesF

KEF

Types of Welded Connections .3

Butt Weld

KE6.1F

- 81 -

219

KW6.1
Fillet weld J

W(6.2F

KW6.2

Butt Joint

Tee Joint

Lap Joint

Corner Joint

Edge Joint

- 82 -

219

.4

J 1

EF

KEF

J 2

" ?

"PIPE "

" fitting" T
- 83 -

219

.5

Disadvantages of Welding

W
K
K

.6

W
Butt Weld

KK
Fillet Weld

K
K

- 84 -

219

(Class I I) (Class I)

E (Class I

f w = 1.0 x f pt
f
w = 1.1 x f pt

f w = 0.6 x f pt

E (Class I I

f w = 0.7 x f pt
f
w = 1.0 x f pt

f w = 0.55 x f pt
E (Class I

f w = 0.45 x f pt
E (Class I I

f w = 0.40 x f pt
J

Ks

W(0.707) s
El. s. (0.707

K l
Zl. s. (0.707). fw PW
- 85 -

219

mm x 12 mm300mm x 10 mm200
K37
W

P = A x fpt
A = 20 cm x 1 cm
Fpt = 1.4 t/cm2
P = 20 x 1 x 1.4 =28 t

(4 mm : 10 mmF

mm8

E (Class I

f w = 0.45 x f pt
f w = 0.45 x f pt

.7

E1.6F

K J

K J

K J
- 86 -

219

6.46.3

K6.5

KW6.3
WSquare

U WU

WPlug

WFillet

WBead

WBevel

VWV

KWFlare Bevel

VWFlare V

KEBS 499FW1.6

- 87 -

219

- 88 -

219

KW6.4

- 89 -

219

Specifying Weld LocationsW6.5

.8

KK

6.7 6.6
6.96.8
K

- 90 -

219

KW6.6

KW6.7

- 91 -

219

KW6.8

KW6.9

- 92 -

219

W
K

W
K
K

K100W

W
K4

K
K

W
K

- 93 -

219

.1

K
K
KE7.27.1F

Types of Column Bases W7.1

W7.2
- 94 -

219

K 7.2

B
P

Pmax

EFEF

W 7.2

.2

WEF

Base Plate without Gusset PlatesE

Gusseted baseE
EF

K(7.3F

KEBearingF

- 95 -

219

KGusseted base
KGussets

W7.3

Gusset bases

KE7.4F

W7.4

.3

%60

Anchor (BoltsF
- 96 -

219

K
K40 60 kg/cm2 EfccF

A= P

f cc

J P
J A

J C

KJ B

Kfcc

W
P

f c =
CxB

. 40 tB. F. I. 200
fc = 40 kg/cm2
W

A=

P 40000
=
= 1000 cm 2
fC
40

340 mm x 300 mm W

- 97 -

fC =

219

40000
= 39.21 kg/cm 2 < f cc
34 x 30

B. F. I. 200
b = 20 cm
h = 20 cm
C1 =
C2 =

C - d 34 - 20
=
= 7 cm
2
2

B - (0.8 ) b 30 - (0.8) x 20
=
= 7 cm
2
2
C = 7 cm

t =c

4 fc
3 39.2
=7
= 2.0 cm
1400
f pt

x 300 x 200 mm340Z

K60

x 40 = 24 t P10.6Z

- 98 -

219

.4

K
60

K(7.5FAnchor bolts

KW7.5
W
K
- 99 -

219

- 100 -

219

:
K

W
K
K

K100W

W
K4

K
K

W
K

- 101 -

219

.1

K
K

EF
K

8.1K
A-A8.38.2

KB-B

- 102 -

219

KW8.1

KA-AW8.2
- 103 -

219

B-BW8.3

2K

8.4K
K

- 104 -

219

- 105 -

219

W8.4

- 106 -

219

.3

K8.5K

KW8.5

- 107 -

219

EF

8.6K

8.7K

- 108 -

219

- 109 -

219

- 110 -

219

KW8.6
- 111 -

219

K: 8.7

- 112 -

219

W
K

W
W
K

K
K

K
K

K100W

W
K4

K
K

W
K
- 113 -

219

.1

W
W

EFK
K

K W J

K {K

W J

- 114 -

219

W J

K
K

.
.
K
.

.2

EFEF

: K

W-

. W

.AISC

(STD) Standard Hole

- 115 -

219

EOVSFOversized Hole

ESSLF Short Slotted Hole J

(LSL) Long Slotted Hole

- 116 -

219

(NSL) J
Short or Long Slotted Hole Normal to Load Direction

K W 15

12

.3

WE )

K

K
K

EF
K

- 117 -

219

K
.4
{

{ .

. K

. W

K
:

. stainless steel
-

K{
- 118 -

219

K
K0.5% J
.
-

:K :
K

. K
-

KE)

- 119 -

219

.5
W

- 120 -

219

K
K

K L

K
K

- 121 -

10

219

W
:

W
W
K

K
K
K

K
K

K100W
W
K4
W

K
K

W
K

- 122 -

219

.1

:J

:J
K

KJ

WJ

KJ

KJ
KJ

KJ
KJ

KJ

- 123 -

219

anchor bolts

K
K

KK
- 124 -

219

.2

KE
K

: J

K
KJ

. J

K J
- 125 -

219

EF J

.
.3

KK
K

K
K

K
K

.4

- 126 -

219

.5

WK

KJ
KJ

KJ

KJ

foam
K40J 30
W
J 1
K11

J 2
KEKKKKKKF
J 3
11
K

- 127 -

219

J 4
K

J 5
K
K10.1

KW10.1
- 128 -

219

.6
W
J

.
: J

HF

: .
.
- 129 -

219

K
20

- 130 -

219

W

.

J
J

. J

- 131 -

219

.EF

.7
: J

.
EF .

EF

K
K

KK
- 132 -

219

. .

.
.

J
K

.
EF.

- 133 -

219

accessories

anchor bolts

angle

base plat

bay

F E

F E

beams

bolts

E F

brace

brace rods

butt plate

channel section

)(U

ECF

C shape

cold formed

column

EF

continuous beam

continuous
inspection

/
"

erector

expansion joint

fabricator
flat
field
filler metal and
flux for welding
floor plate
girders
girt

10 0



)(

grillage beams

: )(

gusset plate
H-section
hangers
high strength bolt

) (H

)(

)
(
)(

)(
)(H

( L )

- 134 -

219

) (

hillside washer

hot rolled

HP

HP shape

I-section

) (I

inspection

L-angels

""L

L shapes

)(

lintel

) ( M

M shape

)(MC

MC shape

mill material
non-specific
inspection and
testing

notations for
welding

other metals

protective paint
system
plans

)(

purlin
rafter
rigid frame

rod
rolled steel joist

rolled steel
section
shapes
S shape

)(S

) - (
) (1
W , HP (2) . S
W , HPS
) (
)(C


) ( .

)(



I
)(

)(
)(

- 135 -

219

)(

semi-rigid
framing

shop drawings

specific
inspection and
testing
simple framing

steel frame
steel framed
building
structural steel
sheet
stiffener
structural steel

) (

structural hollow
section
struts
stud shear
connectors
substrate

)(T

)(W

T-section
truss
W shape

)(

web
welder

) (


















)(T

) (1 )(

) (2

- 136 -

219

DIN EN 10025, 17100

- 137 -

219

- 138 -

219

- 139 -

219

- 140 -

219

- 141 -

219

- 142 -

219

- 143 -

219

- 144 -

219

- 145 -

219

- 146 -

219

- 147 -

219

- 148 -

219

- 149 -

219

1. Stanley, W. Crawley & Robert, M. Dillon (1993), Steel Buildings, Analysis and Design,
4th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
2. Vazirani, V. N. & Ratwani, M. M. (1984), Steel Structures, Analysis. Design and
Details of Structures, Vol. III, Khanna Publishers, Delhi.
3. Edwin, H. Gaylord, Jr. , Charles, N. Gaylord & James, E. Stallmeyer (1992), Design of
Steel Structures, 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill, Inc.
4. Russell C. Hibbeler (1995), Structural Analysis, 3rd Edition, Prentice Hall International,
Inc.
5. Robert Englekirk (1994), Steel Structures, Controlling Behavior Through Design, John
Wiley & Sons, Inc.

K E2004FK6

E2003F K7
K

KE2004FK8

E1986FK9
K

E 1987FK10
K

WE2001FK11
K

219

: 6. .. .......................................................................................................
.1 7... .. ....................................................................................................................
.2 7............................................................................................................
.3 9 ..........................................................................................................
.4 .5 10. ..................................................................................
11.........................................................................................................
: 21 ......................................................................................................
.1 22...........................................................................................................
.2 24........................................................................................................
.3 25.. .......................................................................................................
.4 25..... .......................................................................................
: 30. ................................................................................
.1 31... ...... ..................................................................................................
33 .. .
.2 ..........................................................................
.3 39......... ............................................................................ ........
.4 41.. ...........................................................................................................
: 42.. .................................................................................
.1 43..............................................................................................
.2 45.......................................................................................
.3 : 47...................................................
: 61.. .......................................................................................................
.1 .................................................................................................................................!
62.
.2 62.. .........................................................................................
.3 63.......................................................................................... ...........
.4 64............................................................................................
.5 67........................................................................................... ............
.6 69....................................................................................................
: 70.......................................................................................................
.171 ..
.2 72 .........................................................................................................................
.3 72.. ......................................................................................................................
.473KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
74
.5 ..............................................................................................
74
.6 ..............................................................................
.7 76............ ..............................................................................................
.8 79................................................................................................................
: 82....................................................................................
.183.................................................................................................................................
.284.......................................................................................................
.3 85...........................................................................................................
.4 87.... ......................................................................
: 88...................................................................................

219

.1 89....................................................................................................
.2 91.................................................................................................... .........
.3 92..............................................................................................................
: 97.............................................................................
.1 98.............................................................................................................
.2 99.................................................................................................... ..........
.3 100.................................................................................................... ...............
101....................................................................................................
.4
.5 102... ................................................................................................. ...................
: 104.........................................................................................
.1 105.... ....... ...............................................................................
.2 107... .........................................................................................................
.3 107. .................................................................................
.4 108.................................................................................................
.5 108...............................................................................................................
.6 109 ......................................................................................................
111............................................................................................................
.7
113
116KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
!
.