PERIODS IN AMERICA POSTCOLONIAL (1790 to 1820 AD) NeoClassic elements FIRST ECLECTIC PHASE (1820 to 1860 AD) Greekrevival

al style, also Gothic and Egyptian styles SECOND ECLECTIC PHASE (1860 to 1930 AD) 1st Stream: Romanesque and Gothic inspiration Influenced by Arts and Crafts movement in England HH Richardson, Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright 2nd Stream: Italian and French Renaissance, ancient Greek and Roman, late Gothic inspiration Influenced by the Ecole des BeauxArtes Structural experiment and achievement: metal frame construction, nonloadbearing curtain wall, elevators Produced the skyscraper America's single greatest contribution to architecture TheWhiteHouse, WashingtonDC Presidentsofficial residence DesignedbyJamesHoban, Irisharchitect EnglishPalladianstyle Monticello,near Charlottesville,Virginia DesignedbyThomas Jefferson,3rdAmerican president Palladianstyle

Robie House, Chicago Designed by Frank Lloyd Wright Winslow House, River Forest, Illinois (aka Prairie House) First important work of Frank Lloyd Wright Taliesin East, Spring Green, Wisconsin Designed by Frank Lloyd Wright

TheUnitedStatesCapitol,WashingtonDC FirstdesignedbyDr.WilliamThorton along Palladianlines Numerousmodificationsafterthewar Crowningdome Oneoftheworld'sbestknownbuildings

Unity Temple, Oak Park, Illinois by Frank Lloyd Wright

MODULE 11: THE REVIVAL: Architecture of the Americas 18th-19th

The State Capitol, Richmond, Virginia Designed by Thomas Jefferson First neoclassical monument in America, based on Maison Caree, Nimes Ionic order Lincoln Memorial, Washington DC Designed by Henry Bacon Greek Doric style

ARCHITECTURALINFLUENCES:
The architecture ofthe UnitedStatesdemonstratesabroadvariety of architecturalstylesandbuiltformsoverthecountry's history ofover fourcenturiesofindependenceandformerBritishrule. ArchitectureintheUnitedStatesisasdiverseasitsmulticultural societyandhasbeenshapedbymanyinternalandexternalfactorsand regionaldistinctions.Asawholeitrepresentsaricheclecticand innovativetradition GreekrevivalstyleattractedAmericanarchitectsworkinginthefirst halfofthe19thcentury.Theyoungnation,freefromBritannic protection,waspersuadedtobethenew Athens,thatistosay,afoyer fordemocracy. ThemostnotableUnitedStatesarchitecturalinnovationhasbeenthe skyscraper. Asthecenturyprogressed,theBeauxArtsinfluencewouldbecome somewhatmorerestrained,returningtoitsmoreNeoclassicalroots.

Merchants Exchange, Philadelphia Designed by William Strickland Greekrevival The Marshall Field Wholesale Warehouse, Chicago, Illinois Designed by HH Richardson

The Monadnock Building, Chicago Designed by Daniel Burnham The Second Leiter Building, Chicago Metalframed building The Gace Building, Chicago Designed by Louis Sullivan and Holabird and Roche

The Wainwright Building, St. Louis Designed by Adler and Sullivan Empire State Building Designed by Shreve, Lamb and Harmon 85 storeys

The Auditorium Building, Chicago, Illinois Designed by Dankmar Adler and Louis Sullivan The Larkin Soap Co. Building, Buffalo, NY NeoByzantine interior Designed by Frank Lloyd Wright The Reliance Building, Chicago The Woolworth Building, NY Designed by Burnham and Root Designed by Cass Gilbert Gothic style

MODULE 11: THE REVIVAL: Architecture of the Americas 18th-19th

OUTSTANDINGAMERICANARCHITECTS HAVELITERALLYSHAPEDTHEFORMOFTHE UNITEDSTATES THROUGHOUTMODERNERA.

PeterHarrison(17161775),anamateur architectthefirstnearlyprofessionalarchitectinthecolonies. ThomasJefferson (1743 1826),anamateurarchitect. PierreCharlesL'Enfant17541825),aFrenchbornarchitect;designthenewcapitaloftheUnitedStates,(FederalCity). JamesHoban ca.1758 1831), TheWhiteHouse WilliamThornton (1759 1828),anamateurarchitect;basicdesignofthe UnitedStatesCapitol CharlesBulfinch(17631844),Federalstyle;MassachusettsStateHouse,andcompletingtheU.S.Capitol. RobertMills 1781 1855),thefirstnativebornAmericantobecomeaprofessionalarchitect. AlexanderJacksonDavis (1803 1892),GreekDoricstyle;ConnecticutStateCapitol,OhioStateCapitol. ThomasU.Walter (1804 1887),northandsouthwingsandthecentraldomeoftheU.S.Capitol. FrederickLawOlmsted(18221903),NewYorkCitysCentralPark,Chicago'sdowntownandColumbianExpositionplans. RichardMorrisHunt (1827 1895),pedestalofthe StatueofLiberty andfacadeofthe MetropolitanMuseumofArt WilliamLebaron Jenney (1832 1907),thefatheroftheAmericanskyscraper. HenryHobsonRichardson (1838 1886) DanielBurnham 1846 1912) LouisSullivan (1856 1924),thefatherofthemodernskyscraper,ubiquitousChicagogenius. CassGilbert (1859 1934),SupremeCourtBuilding. WalterGropius (1883 1969),founderoftheBauhausandmasterofmodernarchitecture;PanAmBuilding. WilliamVanAlen (1883 1954),The ChryslerBuilding WilliamF.Lamb (1883 1952),The EmpireStateBuilding PaulWilliams (1884 1980) FrankL.Wright,GuggenheimMuseum,interior. LudwigMies vanderRohe 1886 1969),pioneerofmodernarchitecture;SeagramBuilding. FrankLloydWright (1887 1959), GuggenheimMuseumand 1140morebuildings;protgofLouisSullivan. RichardNeutra (1892 1970) AlbertIrvinCassell(1895 1969) LouisIsadore Kahn 1901 1974) VictorGruen 1903 1980),Austrianborn. PhilipJohnson (1906 2005),the1979 Pritzker ArchitecturePrize laureate GordonBunshaft (19091990),the1988Pritzker ArchitecturePrizelaureate JohnPortman(b.1924) RobertVenturi (b.1925),the1991Pritzker ArchitecturePrizelaureate FrankGehry(b.Canada,1929),the1989Pritzker ArchitecturePrizelaureate MichaelGraves(b.1934) RichardMeier(b.1934),the1984laureateofthePritzker ArchitecturePrize ThomMayne(b.1944),the2005Pritzker ArchitecturePrizelaureate. AdrianD.Smith (1944 )(Burj Khalifa,Dubai.)
MONADNOCKBUILDING EMPIRESTATEBUILDING WOOLSWORTHBUILDING

MODULE 11: THE REVIVAL: Architecture of the Americas 18th-19th

ArtNouveau Frenchpronunciation: [a nu'vo] isaninternationalphilosophy

and style ofart,architectureand appliedartespeciallythedecorativeartsthat weremostpopularduring18901910.[ Thename"ArtNouveau"is Frenchfor "newart".Itisknownalsoas"Modernismo"in Spain ,withitsmostnotable examplesin Catalonia witharchitectslike Gaud.Known as Jugendstil, pronounced [jun ts l ]inGermany,Germanfor"youthstyle"or "thestyleofyouth",namedafterthemagazine Jugend whichpromotedit, as Modern ()inRussia,perhapsnamedafterParisiangallery"LaMaison Moderne",asLeSecessione.

The Entrance Pavilion, Exposition Universelle 1889 Designed by Gustav Eiffel and Maurice Koechlin Extensive use of iron, 300m high

ArtNoveau Architects: VictorHorta inBrussels Antoni GaudiinBarcelona Raimondo DAronco inConstantinopleandTurin JosephHoffmaninVienna CharlesRennie MackintoshinGlasgow

TheGalerie des Machines,Exposition Universelle 1889 By Victor Contamin, engineer, and CLF Dutert, architect

ThePalauGuell,Barcelona DesignedbyAntoni Gaudi SeemstopresageArt Noveau initsforms Casa Mila, Barcelona Designed by Antoni Gaudi Sagrada Familia,Barcelona ArtNoveau byAntoni Gaudi

MODULE 11: THE REVIVAL: Architecture of the Americas 18th-19th