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2
1
1
SD K
M K M
K
K
In which:
R = Reliability Coefficient
K = Number of Item in the Test
M = Mean Score on the Test
SD = Standard deviation
To know the SD the writer uses the formula as follows :
SD =
1
) (
2
N
x x r i
In which :
SD = The standard deviation of all the testers score
squared
x
i
= Students Total Score
x
r
= Mean Score
N = Number of the students
18
The Final Assignment of Research in Language teaching
e. Technique for Analyzing data
1. Individual Score
The formula to find out individual students score:
IS =
N
R
x 100
In which:
Is : Students Individual Score
R : The Students Score Obtained
N : Total Score
2. Conversion of Score Range
The researcher applies the conversion of score range,
they are as follows:
Score Ranges Qualification
91 100
81 90
71 80
61 70
51 60
41 50
31 40
30 =
Excellent
Very Good
Good
Moderate
Enough
Low
Poor
Very Poor
(Source: Students Report Book of SMA Negeri Tugumulyo)
19
The Final Assignment of Research in Language teaching
3. Matched T-test
The formula is presented below:
SD
X X
t
obt
1 2
=
Where:
t
obt
= t obtained
__
X
1
= the Students Mean Score in the Pre-test
__
X
2
= the Students Mean Score in the Post-test
__
S
D
= the Standard Error of Differences between two Means
Where the formula of SD is:
D
S =
n
SD
In which:
SD = Standard Errors of the Difference
n = Number of Pair Students
To find the calculation of standard deviation ( ) SD , the
writer will calculate SD before. The formula is presented below:
20
The Final Assignment of Research in Language teaching
( )
1
1 2
2
|
.
|
\
|
=
n
D
n
D
SD
SD = Standard Deviation
N = Number of Students
D = Differences of Students Score