1 1

Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT

GROUP VIA GROUP VIA
Oxygen Family Oxygen Family - - Calcogens Calcogens
1. 1. c i c i m chung m chung
2. 2. Oxygen Oxygen
Tnh cht l hc
Tnh cht ha hc
Vai tr sinh hc
Trng thi t nhin, iu ch v ng dng
Ozon
Oxide
Hydroxide
Hydro peoxide
3. 3. Lu hu Lu hu nh nh
n cht
Hp cht S(-II)
Hp cht S(IV)
Hp cht S(VI)
Mt s hp cht khc ca lu hunh
Oxygen Oxygen O O
Sulfur Sulfur S S
Selenium Selenium Se Se
Tellurium Tellurium Te Te
Polonium Polonium Po Po
2 2
Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT
3 3
Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT
Sulfur
Sulfur

S
S
[Ne]
[Ne]
3s
3s
2 2
3p
3p
4 4
Sulfur is a non Sulfur is a non- -metallic solid. metallic solid.
Occurs free in nature as S Occurs free in nature as S
8 8
. .
S S used in sulfuric acid, H used in sulfuric acid, H
2 2
SO SO
4 4
and in making tires. and in making tires.
Sulfur compounds are used in bleaching fruit and Sulfur compounds are used in bleaching fruit and
grain. grain.
4 4
0 0 0 0
8 2
8
95.3 119 200 444.7
, ,
( )
n
C C C C
S S S
Solid Liquid
S S
S S S S S gas

1 2 3
1 442 4 43 1 4 42 4 43
1 4 4 4 4 442 4 4 4 4 4 43 142 43
rhombic rhombic
h h tr tr c thoi c thoi
monoclinic monoclinic
h h m m t nghing t nghing
monoclinic monoclinic
h h m m t nghing t nghing
R
R
R
R
1
6
0

1
6
0

o o
C
,

n
h
C
,

n
h

t t
2
0
0

2
0
0

o o
C
,
C
,

c

q
u
c

q
u

n
h
n
h
4
4
0

4
4
0

o o
C
,

C
,

l
i
n
h

l
i
n
h

n
g
n
g
H

i
H

i
5 5
Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT
0
0
95.3
0.401 /
C
H kJ mol
S S

M M u v u v ng ng
d=2.06 g/ cm d=2.06 g/ cm
3 3
Mp=112.8 Mp=112.8
o o
C C
V V ng nh ng nh t t
d=1.96 g/ cm d=1.96 g/ cm
3 3
Mp=119.2 Mp=119.2
o o
C C
6 6
Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT
S

7 7
Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT
T T nh ch nh ch t h t h a h a h c: c:
- -L L nguyn t nguyn t tng tng i ho i ho t t ng: ng: nhi nhi t t
th th ng hi k ng hi k m ho m ho t t ng, k ng, khi un n hi un n ng c ng c ph ph n n
ng v ng v i h i h u h u h t nguyn t t nguyn t tr tr kh kh tr tr, N, I, Au, Pt. , N, I, Au, Pt.
- -T T nh oxi h nh oxi h a: a: t t c d c d ng v ng v i hydro; kim lo i hydro; kim lo i ki i ki m, m,
ki ki m th m th , Ag, Hg , Ag, Hg nhi nhi t t th th p; Ni, Co, Cr p; Ni, Co, Cr nhi nhi t t
cao. cao.
300 , 20.08
2 2
o o
C H kJ
S H H S

+


8 8
Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT
T T nh ch nh ch t h t h a h a h c: c:
- -T T nh kh nh kh : : ch ch y trong oxy; t y trong oxy; t c d c d ng F ng F nhi nhi t t
th th ng; C ng; Cl, l, Br khi un n Br khi un n ng; P ng; P 100 100
o o
C; KNO C; KNO
3 3
, ,
KClO KClO
3 3
, K , K
2 2
Cr Cr
2 2
O O
7 7
, HNO , HNO
3 3
, H , H
2 2
SO SO
4 4
c. c.
3 2
3 2 2 3 S KClO KCl SO + +
2 4 2 2
2 2 3 S H SO H O SO + +
, 297
2 2
o
burn H kJ
S O SO

+
9 9
Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT
T T nh ch nh ch t h t h a h a h c: c:
- -T T nh v nh v a oxi h a oxi h a v a v a kh a kh : : tan trong ki tan trong ki m m c, ki c, ki m m
n n ng ch ng ch y, sunfua, sunfit. y, sunfua, sunfit.
2 2 3 2
3 6 2 3 S NaOH Na S Na SO H O + + +
2 2
1
2 2
3 2 3
n
S nS S
SO S S O

+

+
+
10 10
Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT
APPLI CATI ONS APPLI CATI ONS
Sulfur has many industrial uses. Through its major derivative, sulfuric acid , sulfur
ranks as one of the more important elements used as an industrial raw material. It is of
prime importance to every sector of the world's economies.
Sulfuric acid production is the major end use for sulfur, and consumption of sulfuric acid
has been regarded as one of the best indices of a nation's industrial development. More
sulfuric acid is produced in the US every year than any other industrial chemical.
Sulfur is also used in batteries, detergents, the vulcanization of rubber,
fungicides, and in the manufacture of phosphate fertilizers. Sulfites are
used to bleach paper and as a preservative in wine and dried fruit. Because of its
flammable nature, sulfur also finds use in matches, gunpowder, and fireworks.
Sodium or ammonium thiosulfate is used as photographic fixing agents. Magnesium
sulfate, better known as Epsom salts, can be used as a laxative, a bath additive, an
exfoliant, or a magnesium supplement for plants. Sulfur is used as the light-generating
medium in the rare lighting fixtures known as sulfur lamps.
In the late 1700s, furniture makers used molten sulfur to produce decorative inlays in
their craft. Because of the sulfur dioxide produced during the process of melting sulfur,
the craft of sulfur inlays was soon abandoned.
11 11
HI STORY HI STORY
Sulfur (Sanskrit, sulvere; Latin sulpur) was known in ancient times, and is referred to in
the Biblical Pentateuch (Genesis). The word itself is almost certainly from the Arabic
sufra meaning yellow, from the bright color of the naturally occurring form.
English translations of the Bible commonly refer to sulfur as "brimstone", giving rise to
the name of 'Fire and brimstone' sermons, in which listeners are reminded of the fate of
eternal damnation that awaits the nonbelieving and unrepented. It is from this part of
the Bible that Hell is implied to "smell of sulfur", although as mentioned above sulfur is
in fact odorless. The "smell of sulfur" usually refers to the odor of hydrogen sulfide, e.g.
from rotten eggs. Burning sulfur produces sulfur dioxide, the smell associated with burnt
matches.
Homer mentioned "pest-averting sulfur" in the 8th century BC and in 424 BC, the tribe
of Boeotia destroyed the walls of a city by burning a mixture of coal, sulfur, and tar
under them. Sometime in the 12th century, the Chinese invented gun powder which is a
mixture of potassium nitrate (KNO3), carbon, and sulfur. Early alchemists gave sulfur its
own alchemical symbol which was a triangle at the top of a cross. In the late 1770s,
Antoine Lavoisier helped convince the scientific community that sulfur was an element
and not a compound. In 1867, sulfur was discovered in underground deposits in
Louisiana and Texas. The overlying layer of earth was quicksand, prohibiting ordinary
mining operations. Therefore the Frasch process was utilized
12 12
Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT
OCCURRENCE OCCURRENCE
Sulfur
Sulfur crystalites at Wai-o-tapu hot springs, New Zealand
Elemental sulfur can be found near hot springs and volcanic regions in many parts of the world, especially along
the Pacific Ring of Fire. Such volcanic deposits are currently exploited in Indonesia, Chile, and Japan.
Significant desposits of elemental sulfur also exist in salt domes along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, and in
evaporites in eastern Europe and western Asia. The sulfur in these deposits is believed to come from the action
of anaerobic bacteria on sulfate minerals, especially gypsum. Such deposits are the basis for commercial
production in the United States, Poland, Russia, Turkmenistan, and Ukraine.
Sulfur extracted from oil, gas and the Athabasca Oil Sands has become a glut on the market, with huge
stockpiles of sulfur in existence throughout Alberta.
Sulfur mined in Alberta, prepared for shipment at Vancouver, B. C.
Common naturally occurring sulfur compounds include the metal sulfides, such as pyrite (iron sulfide), cinnabar
(mercury sulfide), galena (lead sulfide), sphalerite (zinc sulfide) and stibnite (antimony sulfide); and the metal
sulfates, such as gypsum (calcium sulfate), alunite (potassium aluminium sulfate), and barite (barium sulfate).
Hydrogen sulfide is the gas responsible for the odor of rotten eggs. It occurs naturally in volcanic emissions, such
as from hydrothermal vents, and from bacterial action on decaying sulfur-containing organic matter.
The distinctive colors of Jupiter's volcanic moon, Io, are from various forms of molten, solid and gaseous sulfur.
There is also a dark area near the Lunar crater Aristarchus that may be a sulfur deposit. Sulfur is also present in
many types of meteorites.
13 13
Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT
H
H

p ch
p ch

t S(
t S(
-
-
II)
II)
Dihidro sunfua
Dihidro sunfua
H
H
2 2
S
S
Sunfua kim lo
Sunfua kim lo

i
i
Axit y
Axit y

u
u
Kh
Kh

m
m

nh
nh
14 14
Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT
H
H
2
2
S
S
n
n
H
H
2
2
S
S
n=1
n=1
-
-
6
6
sunfan
sunfan
15 15
Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT
Mp Mp = = - - 85.6 85.6
o o
C C
Bp Bp = = - - 60.7 60.7
o o
C C
K K m b m b n nhi n nhi t so v t so v i H i H
2 2
O O
B B t t u phn h u phn h y y 400 400
o o
C C
Phn h Phn h y ho y ho n to n to n n 1700 1700
o o
C C
16 16
Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT
H
H
2
2
S
S
S
S
2
2
-
-
T
T

nh kh
nh kh

2 2 2 2
2 3 2 2
oxy
burn lamnhat
H S O SO H O
>

+ +
2 3
2 2 2
2 2 2
Al O
oxy
H S O S H O
<
+ +
2 2 2
2 2 2
OXHcham
H S O S H O + +
Ch
Ch

y trong oxi
y trong oxi

Oxi h
Oxi h

a ch
a ch

m trong KK
m trong KK
17 17
Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT
2
/
0.14
o
S H S
V
2 3
/
0.45
o
H SO S
V
2
/
0.54
o
I I
V


2 3 2 2
2 3 3 H SO H S S H O + +
2 2
2 H S I S HI + +
2 4 2 4 4 2 4 2
5 2 3 2 5 8
t phong
H S KMnO H SO MnSO S K SO H O

+ + + + +
2 2 2 2 4
4 4 8 H S Cl H O H SO HCl + + +
18 18
Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT
H
H
2
2
S
S
T T nh tan nh tan axit y axit y u u
33
310
2 2 3
K
H S H S H S HS

+
+ +

7
1
14
2
110
2 2 3
110
2
2 3
K
K
H S H O H O HS
HS H O H O S

+

+
+ +
+ +

HS
HS
-
-
S
S
2
2
-
-
19 19
Biological role Biological role
The amino acids cysteine and methionine contain sulfur, as do all
polypeptides, proteins, and enzymes which contain these amino
acids. This makes sulfur a necessary component of all living cells.
Disulfide bonds between polypeptides are very important in
protein assembly and structure. Homocysteine and taurine are
also sulfur containing amino acids but are not coded for by DNA
nor are they part of the primary structure of proteins. Some
forms of bacteria use hydrogen sulfide (H
2
S) in the place
of water as the electron donor in a primitive
photosynthesis-like process. Sulfur is absorbed by plants via
the roots from soil as the sulfate ion and reduced to sulfide before
it is incorporated into cysteine and other organic sulfur
compounds (sulfur assimilation). Inorganic sulfur forms a part of
iron-sulfur clusters, and sulfur is the bridging ligand in the CuA
site of cytochrome c oxidase. Sulfur is an important component of
coenzyme.
20 20
Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT
2 2
2 FeS HCl FeCl H S + + Z
700
2
3 5 2 ......
o
C
w w w
S parafin amiang H S
>
+ + + Z
10
2 5 2 2 2 3 2 5
( )
o
C
Na S HCl dac H S H S H S

+ + +


H S S H


S S S
Hidro polisunfua Hidro polisunfua
2 2 2
o
t C
H S H S S +
21 21
Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT
Sunfua kim lo
Sunfua kim lo

i
i
1
7
2
1
2
10
2
K
K
S HOH HS OH
HS HOH H S OH

+ +
+ +

Mu Mu i c i c a axit sunfuhidric H a axit sunfuhidric H
2 2
S l S l : :
hidro sunfua hidro sunfua HS HS
- -
sunfua sunfua S S
2 2- -
22 22
Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT
Sunfua
Sunfua
Tan trong n
Tan trong n

c
c
Khng tan trong n Khng tan trong n c c
Tan trong axit long Tan trong axit long
Khng tan trong n Khng tan trong n c c
Khng tan trong axit long Khng tan trong axit long
4 2 2 2 3 2 3
( ) NH S Na S K S BaS Al S Cr S
FeS ZnS white
MnS light pink
CoS NiS

2
2 2 3 2 5
/
CuS black
PbS black
Ag S black
HgS black red
CdS SnS SnS As S As S
D D ng T ng T ph ph t hi t hi n ion kim n ion kim
lo lo i trong H i trong H a phn t a phn t ch ch
23 23
Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT
i
i

u ch
u ch

Fe S FeS +
600 800
4
4 4
o
C
BaSO C BaS CO

+ +
2 2 2
2 2 H S NaOH Na S H O + +
4 2 3 2 3 4
( ) ( ) 2 NH S Pb CH COO PbS CH COONH + +
24 24
Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT
2
sp
Mp= Mp= - - 72.7 72.7
o o
C C
Bp = Bp = - - 10 10
o o
C C
Hp cht S(+I V)

25 25
Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT
2 7
1 2
1.310 1.2310
2
2 2 2 3 3 3
( ) . 2
K K
SO k aq SO aq H SO H HSO H SO


+ +
+ + +


[ ]
3
1
2
2 3 3
.
bd
HSO H
K
SO aq HSO SO
+

1 1
] ]

1 1

] ]
2
3
2
3
H SO
K
HSO
+

1 1
] ]

1
]
2 2 2 3 3 2
2 2 SO H O Na CO NaHSO CO + + +
3 2 3 2
NaHSO NaOH Na SO H O + +
2 3 2 2
2 Na SO H H O Na SO
+ +
+ + + Z
T
T

nh tan
nh tan
26 26
Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT
SO
SO
2
2
S
S
4+
4+
T T nh oxi h nh oxi h a y a y u u
2
4 2 2
2 4 . 2 0.17
o
SO e H SO aq H O V
+
+ + +

2 2
4 2 3
2 2 0.93
o
SO e H O SO OH V

+ + +

S
S
4+ 4+
c
c

th
th

b
b

oxi h
oxi h

a trong c
a trong c

mi
mi
tr
tr

ng axit, trung t
ng axit, trung t

nh v
nh v

bazo
bazo
T T nh kh nh kh m m nh nh
27 27
Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT
2 2 2 2 4
2 2 SO Cl H O H SO HCl + + +
2 2 2
3 4 4 4 2
2 2 2 SO MnO OH SO MnO H O

+ + + +
T T nh kh nh kh m m nh nh
28 28
Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT
2 2
3 2
6 3 3 SO S H H O S
+
+ + +
2 3 2 2 4
2 2
Time
Air
Na SO O Na SO +
T T nh oxi h nh oxi h a y a y u u
29 29
Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT
Hp cht S(+VI )
SO
SO
3
3
S
S
6+
6+
Mp = 10.37 Mp = 10.37
o o
C C
Bp = 280 Bp = 280
o o
C C
3 3 3
3 ( ) SO SO

30 30
Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT
2 4
H SO
Ax Ax t m t m nh nh
Oxi h Oxi h a a
Sunfo h Sunfo h a a
Hidrat h Hidrat h a a
31 31
Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT
2
2 4 4
10
2
4 4
K
H SO HSO
H
HSO H SO

+
+
+

Ax Ax t m t m nh nh
32 32
Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT
,
2 4 4 2 2
2 2
o
dac t C
Cu H SO CuSO H O SO + + + Z
,
2 4 4 2 2
,
2 4 4 2
,
2 4 4 2 2
2 2
3 4 3 4
4 5 4 4
o
o
o
dac t C
dac t C
dac t C
Mg H SO MgSO H O SO
Mg H SO MgSO H O S
Mg H SO MgSO H O H S
+ + +
+ + +
+ + +
Z
Z
,
2 4 2 2
2 2 3
o
dac t C
S H SO H O SO + + Z
M M t s t s phi kim nh P phi kim nh P, S, C b , S, C b oxi h oxi h a a n n
oxit ho oxit ho c axit tng c axit tng ng ng
Oxi h Oxi h a a
33 33
Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT
,
2 4 3 3 4
2
o
dac t C
ArH H SO ArSO H H O HSO
+
+ + +
,
6 10 5 2 4 2 4 2
( ) 6 .5
o
dac t C
C H O n H SO nC H SO nH O + +
Sunfo h Sunfo h a a
34 34
Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT
2 4 4 2
Zn H SO ZnSO H + + Z
35 35
Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT
Phng php tip xc
2 5 4 2 4 2
400 600 , , ( ) /
2 2 3
298 298
1
( ) ( ) ( )
2
98.9 70.9
o
C V O VOSO K SO SiO
o o
SO k O k SO k
H kJ G kJ

2
2
2 1 2 3 , ,
o
SO
C K n f t P
O

_
+ +

,
36 36
Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT
Environmental impact Environmental impact
The burning of The burning of coal coal and and petroleum petroleum by industry and power by industry and power
plants liberates huge amounts of plants liberates huge amounts of sulfur dioxide sulfur dioxide (S (SO O
2 2
) )
which reacts with atmospheric water and oxygen to which reacts with atmospheric water and oxygen to
produce produce sulfuric acid sulfuric acid. This sulfuric acid is a component of . This sulfuric acid is a component of
acid rain acid rain, which lowers the , which lowers the pH pH of of soil soil and freshwater and freshwater
bodies, resulting in substantial damage to the bodies, resulting in substantial damage to the natural natural
environment environment and and chemical weathering chemical weathering of statues and of statues and
architecture. Fuel standards increasingly require sulfur to architecture. Fuel standards increasingly require sulfur to
be extracted from be extracted from fossil fuels fossil fuels to prevent the formation of to prevent the formation of
acid rain. This extracted sulfur is then refined and acid rain. This extracted sulfur is then refined and
represents a large portion of sulfur production. represents a large portion of sulfur production.
37 37
Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT
38 38
Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT
39 39
Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT
40 40
Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT
M M t s t s h h p ch p ch t kh t kh c c c c a lu hu a lu hu nh nh
2 2 8
H S O axit peoxidisunfuric
2 5
H SO axit peoxisunfuric
2 2 3
H S O axit thiosunfuric
41 41
Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT
2 2 8
H S O axit peoxidisunfuric
C C t t nh oxi h nh oxi h a r a r t m t m nh nh
2.01
2 2
2 8 4
2 2
o
V
S O e SO


+


2 2 2
2 8 2 4 4
5 2 8 10 2 16 S O Mn H O SO MnO H
+ +
+ + + +
2 2 8 2 2 4 2 5
H S O H O H SO H SO + +
2 5 2 2 4 2 2
H SO H O H SO H O + +
42 42
Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT
2 2 3
H S O axit thiosunfuric
100 2 2
3 2 3
2
3 2 3 2
2 3 3
o
C
SO S S O
HSO HS S O H O


+
+ +
:
2
3 2 2 3 2 2
2 SO H H S O S SO H O
+
+ + + Z
43 43
Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT
2 2 3
Na S O
2 2 3 2
.5 Na S O H O
T
T

nh kh
nh kh

T
T

o ph
o ph

c
c
44 44
Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT
I odometry
I odometry
0.08 ( 14) 2 2
2 3 2 4 6
2 2
o
V pH
S O I S O I

+ +
2 2
2 3 2 2 4
2 4 5 2 8 10 S O Cl H O SO Cl H
+
+ + + +
Lo Lo i v i v t Cl cn l t Cl cn l i sau khi t i sau khi t y tr y tr ng s ng s i v i v gi gi y y
45 45
Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT
Sir J ohn Frederick William Herschel
7 March 1792 11 May 1871
3
2
2 3 4 3 2
2 ( ) S O AgBr Ag S O Br

1
+ +
]
Photography: l Photography: l m thu m thu c c
nh h nh h nh do ha tan nh do ha tan
AgBr, AgCl t AgBr, AgCl t o ph o ph c c
ch ch t t
46 46
Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT
Compounds
Hydrogen sulfide has the characteristic smell of rotten eggs. Dissolved in water,
hydrogen sulfide is acidic and will react with metals to form a series of metal sulfides.
Natural metal sulfides are common, especially those of iron. Iron sulfide is called pyrite,
the so called fool's gold. Interestingly, pyrite can show semiconductor properties.[1]
Galena, a naturally occurring lead sulfide, was the first semiconductor discovered, and
found a use as a signal rectifier in the "cat's whiskers" of early crystal radios.
Many of the unpleasant odors of organic matter are based on sulfur-containing
compounds such as methyl and ethyl mercaptan used to scent natural gas so that leaks
are easily detectable. The odor of garlic and "skunk stink" are also caused by sulfur-
containing organic compounds. However, not all organic sulfur compounds smell
unpleasant; for example, grapefruit mercaptan, a sulfur-containing monoterpenoid is
responsible for the characteristic scent of grapefruit.
Polymeric sulfur nitride has metallic properties even though it does not contain any
metal atoms. This compound also has unusual electrical and optical properties. This
polymer can be made from tetrasulfur tetranitride S4N4.
Phosphorus sulfides are important in synthesis. For example, P4S10 and its derivatives
Lawesson's reagent and naphthalen-1,8-diyl 1,3,2,4-dithiadiphosphetane 2,4-disulfide
are used to replace oxygen from some organic molecules with sulfur.
47 47
Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT
I norganic sulfur compounds:
Sulfides (S2), a complex family of compounds usually derived from S2. Cadmium sulfide (CdS)
is an example.
Sulfites (SO32), the salts of sulfurous acid (H2SO3) which is generated by dissolving SO2 in
water. Sulfurous acid and the corresponding sulfites are fairly strong reducing agents. Other
compounds derived from SO2 include the pyrosulfite or metabisulfite ion (S2O52).
Sulfates (SO42), the salts of sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid also reacts with SO3 in equimolar ratios
to form pyrosulfuric acid (H2S2O7).
Thiosulfates (sometimes referred to as thiosulfites or "hyposulfites") (S2O32). Thiosulfates are
used in photographic fixing (HYPO) as reducing agents. Ammonium thiosulfate is being
investigated as a cyanide replacement in leaching gold.[2]
Sodium dithionite, Na2S2O4, is the highly reducing dianion derived from
hyposulfurous/ dithionous acid.
Sodium dithionate (Na2S2O6).
Polythionic acids (H2SnO6), where n can range from 3 to 80.
Peroxymonosulfuric acid (H2SO5) and peroxydisulfuric acids (H2S2O8), made from the action of
SO3 on concentrated H2O2, and H2SO4 on concentrated H2O2 respectively.
Sodium polysulfides (Na2Sx)
Sulfur hexafluoride, SF6, a dense gas at ambient conditions, is used as nonreactive and nontoxic
propellant
Sulfur nitrides are chain and cyclic compounds containing only S and N. Tetrasulfur tetranitride
S4N4 is an example.
Thiocyanates contain the SCNgroup. Oxidation of thiocyanoate gives thiocyanogen, (SCN)2 with
the connectivity NCS-SCN.
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Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT
Selenium, Tellurium, and
Selenium, Tellurium, and
Polonium
Polonium
Selenium increases conductivity in the Selenium increases conductivity in the
presence of light. presence of light.
Used in light meters, cameras,photocopiers. Used in light meters, cameras,photocopiers.
Used in rectifiers to converts AC current to Used in rectifiers to converts AC current to
DC. DC.
Used to give red color to glass. Used to give red color to glass.
Tellurium is a metalloid used in Tellurium is a metalloid used in
semiconductors. semiconductors.
Polonium is radioactive. Polonium is radioactive.