Cong Nghe Khai Thac Dau Khi

I HC QUC GIA THNH PH H CH MINH
TRNG I HC BCH KHOA

KHOA K THUT A CHT V DU KH
---------------oOo---------------
BI GING
PGS. TS. L PHC HO
TP. HCM, Thng 11/2006
MC LC BI GING
STT NI DUNG
1. Gii thiu, yu cu v ni dung mn hc
2. Cc tnh cht ca v cht lu
3. Dng chy trong ging
4. Quy trnh hon thin ging
5. Hon thin ging khai thc
6. Ging a nhnh
7. Cng ngh bn m va
8.
Kho st nhy ca Cc thng s bn m va nh phng php phn tch im
nt
9. Gi dng sn phm
10.
ng dng cng ngh coiled tubing trong o log, bn m va, x l axit v cu s
c
11. Kho st ging
12. Ti u ho th va
13. Cng ngh duy tr p sut va
14. M hnh dch chuyn cht lu trong vi l rng
15. Cc bin php x l nc bm p m Bch H
16. Nguyn nhn gy nhim ban thnh h v hiu ng skin
17. Phng php x l axit
18. Phng php nt va thyy lc
19. Phng php tri n
20. La chn cng ngh x l vng cn y ging m Bch H
21. X l vng cn y ging m Bch H bng nh tng du -axt
22. Phng php khai thc t phun
23. Thit b lng ging
24. Cc h thng thit b khai thc du
25. Tng quan cc phng php khai thc c hc v la chn ti u
26. Phng php gaslift
27. Bm ly tm in chm
28. Cc phng php thu hi du tng cng
BI GING CNG NGH KHAI THC DU KH
Ging vin : PGS.TS. L Phc Ho
Email : lphao@hcmut.edu.vn
Tel : 84-8-8654086
GII THIU, YU CU
V NI DUNG MN HC
2 PGS. TS. L Phc Ho Cng ngh khai thc du kh
NI DUNG MN HC
Tn mn hc: CNG NGH KHAI THC DU KH
M s mn hc: 300009
Phn phi tit hc: 3 (3.1.6)
+ L thuyt: 42
+ Bi tp & Seminar: 14
Ni dung: Mn hc gii thiu cc nguyn tc c bn trong cng
ngh khai thc du kh bao gm k thut hon thin ging khai thc,
cng ngh v k thut tc ng ln va, cc phng php khai thc
du kh, cng ngh v k thut thu hi du th cp, cc phng
php thit k v ti u ha khai thc du kh t cc m du hoc t
cc ging khai thc du ring bit.
TI LIU THAM KHO
1- L Phc Ho. Bi ging Cng ngh khai thc du kh
2- Phng nh Thc, Dng Danh Lam, L B Tun, Nguyn Vn
Cnh. Cng ngh v k thut khai thc du kh, NXB Gio dc 1999.
3- L Phc Ho. C s khoan v khai thc du kh. NXB HQG TP.
HCM 2002.
4- L Phc Ho, Nguyn Kin Cng. Phng php phn tch h
thng ng dng trong k thut du kh. NXB HQG TP. HCM 2003.
5- L Phc Ho, Nguyn Mnh Thy (dch): Cc vn c bn trong
cng ngh khai thc du kh, XNLD Vietsovpetro, 1996.
6- Petroleum Engineering Handbook, SPE, 1992.
TI LIU THAM KHO
7- Cc ngun hc liu m (cc bi ging in t cc trng i hc,
bi bo, LVTN, LVThS, LVTS)
8- Th vin in t SPE
9- Cc trang web ca cc cng ty du kh (BP, Exxon-Mobil, Shell,
TotalElfFina, Vietsovpetro) v dch v k thut du kh (Schlumberger,
Halliburton, BJ, Transocean, Geoservices, PVDrilling...).
Chng 1: Tng quan v khai thc du kh
1.1. Cc khi nim c bn
1.2. Cc ngun nng lng va
1.3. Cc ch khai thc m du
1.4. L thuyt chuyn ng ca dng cht lu trong ng
ng
1.5. Tnh ton tn tht p sut do ma st
1.6. Tnh hnh khai thc du kh trong nc v trn th gii
Chng 2: Hon thin ging khai thc
2.1. i cng v cng tc hon thin ging
2.1.1- Phn loi
2.1.2- Phng php hon thin ging
2.1.3- Tnh ton thit k
2.1.4- Dung dch hon thin ging
2.2. Qui trnh hon thin ging
2.3. Thit b hon thin ging
2.3.1- Thit b bn m va
2.3.2- Thit b lng ging
2.3.3- Thit b u ging
2.3.4- Thit b kim sot dng chy
Chng 2: Hon thin ging khai thc
2.4. Cng ngh bn m va
2.5. Nhng c th trong cng ngh hon thin ging
ngang
2.6. Gi dng sn phm
2.6.1- Nguyn l gi dng
2.6.2- Cc yu cu c bn
2.6.3- Cc phng php gi dng sn phm
2.6.4- Cc yu t nh hng n cng tc gi dng
2.7- Bi tp
Chng 3: Kho st ging
3.1. Mc ch v phng php kho st ging
3.2. Kho st ging lm vic ch n nh
3.3. Kho st ging lm vic ch khng n nh
3.4. Cc phng php kho st khc
3.5. La chn ch lm vic ca ging
3.6. K thut v thit b kho st
Chng 4: Cng ngh duy tr p sut va
4.1. Mc ch v phng php
4.2. Duy tr p sut va bng bm p nc
4.2.1- S b tr cc ging bm p
4.2.2- Cc ngun nc bm p
4.2.3- X l nc bm p
4.2.4- Qui trnh cng ngh bm p nc
4.2.5- H thng thit b bm p nc
4.3. Duy tr p sut va bng bm p kh
Kim tra gia hc k
Chng 5: X l vng cn y ging
5.1. Vn nhim bn tng cha
5.1.1- Nguyn nhn
5.1.2- Cc yu t nh hng chnh
5.1.3- Hiu ng skin
5.2- Tng quan cc phng php x l (c s l thuyt,
i tng p dng, u nhc im)
5.2.1- X l ha hc (axit)
5.2.2- X l c hc
a- Tri n
b- Nt va thy lc (c v khng c ht chn)
c- X l kt hp
Chng 6: Phng php t phun
6.1. Khi nim v s t phun
6.2. Phng php xc nh iu kin t phun
6.3. Cc yu t nh hng n kh nng t phun
6.4. Tnh ton ct ng khai thc
6.5. Thit b lng ging khai thc t phun
6.6. Chn ch khai thc ti u
6.7. S c trong qu trnh t phun v bin php phng
nga
Chng 7: Phng php gaslift
7.1. Nguyn l ca phng php gaslift
7.2. Cc loi thit b gaslift
7.3. Chng loi v c tnh ca cc van gaslift
7.4. Thit k ch lm vic cho ging gaslift
7.5. Ti u ha phng php gaslift
Giao bi tp ln
Chng 8: Bm ly tm in chm
8.1. u nhc im ca phng php
8.2. Thit b
8.2.1- Thit b lng ging
8.2.2- Thit b b mt
8.3. Thit k v chn bm
8.4. Nhng s c thng gp
8.5. Cc bin php nng cao tui th bm ly tm in chm
Giao bi tp ln
Chng 9: Thu hi tng cng
9.1. Tm quan trng
9.2. S phn b ca du d trong va
9.3. Cc phng php thu hi du tng cng
9.4. La chn phng php thch hp
Kho st cc phn mm chuyn ngnh
Np cc bi tp ln (tnh ton thit k)
Thi hc k
Chng 10: Nhng thnh tu mi
Production Facilities
Sand Control
Coiled Tubing
Multiphase Pumps
Downhole Separators
Marginal Field Development...
HNH THC NH GI MN HC
1. Kim tra thng k (10%), gia k (20%), v cui k
(50%) bng hnh thc trc nghim khch quan trn
mng
2. Bi tp ln (10%): 2 bi tp tnh ton thit k (np bi
trc khi kt thc hc k)
3. Seminar (10%): mi SV (hoc nhm SV) chn 1 ch
(nng cao, m rng phn l thuyt c trong chng
trnh, hay ng dng thc t...), ng k vo u hc k,
nhn ti liu v chun b bo co trc lp (10 pht)
v tr li cc cu hi lin quan.
Tel : 84-8-8654086
CAC TNH CHAT
CUA A VA CHAT LU
l. Cuc tnh chut cou Dvu tuc dong den dong chuy
2. Cuc tnh chut cou oo chut vu
3.He phoong trnh mo tu dong chuy trong vu
Nl D|NC
Cac tnh chat cua va va chat lu
l. Do rong
2. Do thum
3. Do buo hou
4. 1nh muo dun
5. 1nh dnh oot
6. So thuy do the tch theo up sout
7. Ap sout vu
8. Nhet do vu
- 1rong dut du oon ton tu nhong o hong, khe
not khong chou nhong vut run
- 1hoc te, dut du cong chuc vu en kho co the
xem nho khong co o rong, con dut du mem, ro,
du nheo khe not co do rong on
o rong
o rong toan pban
Do rong toun phun beo th bung ty so gou tong the
tch khong gun rong cou kho du vu tong the tch
thoc cou kho du
r
the tch rong V
the tch khoi a V
=
o rong hieu dung
Do rong heo dong beo th bung ty so tong the tch
khong gun rong cou kho du cho phep chut oo
tkh, duo, nooc) chuy qou tren tong the tch thoc
cou kho du
=
hd
hd
the tch hieu dung V
the tch khoi a V
o rong hieu dung
- Cu tr do rong heo dong dong de tnh toun tro oong vu
oo oong khu thuc cou geng. lhun ou do rong heo dong:
+ 0%-5%: khong dung ke
+ 5%-l0%: ngheo houc thup
+ l0%-l5%: khu houc trong bnh
+ l5-20%: tot houc cuo
+ tren 20%: rut tot
- Neo do rong vu qou thup, co the so dong cuc phoong
phup not vu de tung do thum
Xac d|nb do rong
o trnh xuc dnh do rong cou dut du trong phong th
nghem:
- Suy kho muo o l05
0
C trong 8h de kho oong khong
thuy do
- So sunh kho oong cou muo kho vu muo oot, tm dooc
kho oong oo chut chou trong muo, to do soy ru dooc
do rong cou muo
o bao boa cbat Ioo trong va
Do buo hou chut oo trong vu u ty so gou the tch
chut oo chou trong cuc o rong vu the tch o rong
=
cl
r
V
S
V
1oong ong vo mo phu duo, kh, nooc tu un oot co
do buo hou duo, kh vu nooc toong ong
Vu:
=
o
o
r
V
S
V
=
w
w
r
V
S
V
=
g
g
r
V
S
V
g
o w
o g w
r r r
V
V V
S S S 1
V V V
+ + = + + =
o bao boa cbat Ioo trong va
Qoan bc gioa do tbam toong doi va do bao boa
Qoan bc gioa do bao boa va ap soat
hhung lo rong trong da duJc xem tuJng tu nhu
nhung ong mao dan co kich thuJc nho
Khi lo rong trong da co kich thuJc nho, luc cang be
mat gay ra bJi chat luu co tinh dinh uJt da chiem uu
the se gay ra su chenh a giua 2 chat luu dau nuJc
qua be mat nay
Tnb mao dan
Ap suat mao dan
Du co the co tnh dnh oot duo houc nooc chem oo the, v vuy theo
qoy ooc, up sout muo dun duo - nooc u up sout phu duo tro up sout phu
nooc
1oong to, tu co up sout muo dun gou phu kh phu nooc
u:
Vu up sout muo dun gou phu kh vu phu duo u:
c(g o) g o
P P P
=
c(o w) o w
P P P
=
c(g w) g w
P P P
=
Qoan bc gioa AS mao dan do bao boa cbat Ioo
- Do thum u mot trong nhong tnh chut qoun trong
cou dut du chou duo kh, duc trong cho khu nung
cho chut oo chuy qou he thong o rong en thong
nhuo
- Do thum dooc beo th qou he so thum k ch pho
thooc vuo mo troong o rong mu khong pho thooc
vuo chut oo thum qou no
o tbam
Cac loai o tham
- Do thum toyet do u do thum cou du o deo
ken buo hou l00% mot ou chut oo
- Do thum heo dong u do thum cou du vo mot
chut oo co do buo hou nho hon l00%
- 1ong cuc do thum heo dong oon nho hon do
thum toyet do
w o
k k k + <
Do thum toong do u ty so gou do thum heo dong
vu do thum toyet do
w
rw
k
k
k
=
o
ro
k
k
k
=
Cac Ioai do tbam
o tham tng oi
- Mo qoun he gou tnh thum toong do vo duc tnh cou du
tung chou nho cuo troc o rong, ou du, dung hnh hoc u
rut phoc tup
- Du co do rong on se co do buo hou nooc gou hut thup bo
v huo nho tut cu cuc o rong deo co the cho cu hu phu duo
vu nooc d qou vu do thum toong do cou duo o trung thu
buo hou nooc do bun duo u khu on
Hang so C
- 1nh chut cou mo troong rong dooc duc trong
bo kch thooc hut trong bnh d, cuc yeo to do
rong, dung hut, phun bo vu sup xep hutvu dooc
the hen bung mot hung so khong tho ngoyen C
- He so thum k co the xuc dnh doo dung:
2
k Cd =
nh luat tham Darcy
1hong thoong, he so thum k dooc tnh dou vuo
dnh out thum Durcy:
Soy ru:
( )
k
V p z
= +
)& )&
Q .l
k
A p

He so tham tng ng
1rong thoc te, do thum thoong thuy do theo
phoong tngung vu thung dong). V vuy he so thum
toong doong dooc tnh:
+ 1heo phoong ngung
+ 1heo phoong thung dong
i
i 1
t
i
i 1
i
L
k
L
k
=
=
=
i i
i 1
t
i
i 1
k .h
k
h
=
=
=

- So toong tuc gou be mut cou du vu chut oo chou trong o rong co unh
hoong on den so phun bo cou chut oo vu tnh chut dong chuy trong vu
- Kh hu phu chut oo khong hou tun vo nhuo, trong mo troong rong
cong tep xoc vo du th thoong mot trong hu phu hup pho en be mut
du munh hon phu ku
- lhu hup pho munh hon dooc go u phu dnh oot con phu ku go u
phu khong dnh oot
- 1nh dnh oot qoyet dnh den so phun bo chut oo trong mo troong o
rong vu co unh hoong troc tep den cuc tnh chut thoy dong oc hoc
qoun trong cou du chou duo kh nho do thum toong do, heo qou cou
qou trnh duy duo vu he so tho ho duo
Tnb dnb oot
Tnb ncn
- 1rong deo ken vu, nhet do dooc xem nho t thuy do. V
vuy de don gun kh tnh toun tu ch xem xet so thuy do the
tch cou du chou kh up sout thuy do
- Deo nuy se dun den so thuy do the tch o rong toc thuy
do ve do rong vu do thum toyet do
- So thuy do nuy dooc duc trong bung he so nen dung
nhet:
- So thuy do do rong do vo mot ou du ch ph thooc vuo
so khuc bet up sout ben trong tup sout guy ru bo chut oo)
vu up sout ben ngou tcou khong du) mu khong pho thooc
vuo gu tr toyet do cou cuc up sout do.
p
1 dV
C
V dP
=
He so nen ang nhiet
1heo Nevmun, he so nen dung nhet cou mot so
ou du cho up sout co the dooc tnh theo cuc cong
thoc thoc nghem suo:
Cut ket: t0,02 < < 0,23)
Du vo: t0,02 << 0,33)
5
p
1,43
97,32.10
C
(1 55,87 )
=
+
p
6 0,93
0,854
C
(1 2,48.10 )
=
+
Ap suat va
- Chut ong vu kh num trong vu cho mot up sout
nhut dnh go u up sout vu
- Ap sout vu bun duo u up sout vu trooc kh dou
vuo khu thuc. Ap sout vu bun duo oon ty e vo do
suo cou vu vu toong ong vo up sout thoy tnh cou
cot nooc
Ap suat va
- Ap sout vu u mot yeo to qoun trong kh tnh toun phoong un khu thuc
to oo.
- Ap sout vu se qoyet dnh cheo vu oo oong d choyen cou chut oo
trong vu
- Neo up sout vu do on, tu co the so dong phoong phup khu thuc to
phon, neo up sout vu soy gum munh, cun co nhong ben phup doy tr
up sout vu.
- Vo cong do thum cou dut du, up sout vu huy chnh xuc hon u do
chenh up gou vu vu duy geng se qoyet dnh den phoong phup vu oo
oong khu thuc
Nhiet o va
- Nhet do vu dong vu tro qoun trong trong vec
xuc dnh tnh chut vut y cong nho trung thu phu
cou oo chut trong vu
- Cong nho up sout, nhet do vu tung dun theo
cheo suo
- Nhet do vu toong do on dnh vu dooc do bung
nhet ke do suo
Cac tnh chat cua chat lu
l. Cuc tnh chut cou kh
2. Cuc tnh chut cou duo tho
3. Cuc tnh chut cou nooc vu
Cac tnh chat cua kh
a. kb Iy toong
1rung thu kh y toong dooc the hen qou phoong trnh
trung thu kh y toong: lV = nk1
b.kboi Ioong ricng va ty trong
- kboi Ioong ricng
- Ty trong (so voi kbong kb o cong dico kicn)
PV
M
khoi lng nM PM
RT
the tch V V RT
= = = =
g
PM
M
RT
P.28, 97
28, 97
RT
= =
Cac tnh chat cua chat lu tac ong en dong
chay
c. Ap soat
1heo kuoo
d. kb tboc
Kh thoc khong ong xo nho kh y toong, v vuy
phoong trnh trung thu kh thoc co dung:
lV = znk1
vo z u he so ech kh
g j vj
P x .P =
He so lech kh
He so ech kh u ty so gou the tch cou kh thoc
vu the tch cou kh y toong o cong deo ken nhet
do vu up sout
actual
ideal
V
z
V
=
He so the tch thanh he kh
He so the tch thunh he kh u ty so gou the tch
kh o deo ken vu vu the tch cou oong kh do o
deo ken be mut
a
g
a,sc
V
B
V
=
Hc so ncn dang nbict cua kh
Kh up sout thuy do th the tch cou kh se thuy do
theo. So thuy do nuy dooc duc trong bung he so
nen dung nhet cou kh:
g
1 1 dz
C ( )
P z dP
=
Hc so nbot dong Ioc
- 1nh nhot u beo hen oc dnh phun to vu so truo do
nung oong gou cuc phun to chut oo kh hoyen dong, guy
ru oc mu sut trong vu ton thut nung oong trong dong chuy
- Lu mot tnh chut vut y cou chut oo, he so nhot dong oc
cung on th chut oo chuy cung chum ttrong cong mot
deo ken)
- He so nhot dong oc cou kh pho thooc vuo nhet do, up
sout vu cuo tuo cou kh
Mo qoun he gou he so nhot dong oc vu nhet do
u.1y so hou tun kh - duo
- 1y so hou tun kh - duo u khu nung kh then nhen hou tun trong duo
tho, pho thooc vuo up sout, nhet do, cuo tuo cou kh vu duo tho
- Kh nhet do khong do, up sout tung th the tch gum, kho oong
reng tung dun den oong kh hou tun tung
- Kh up sout khong do, nhet do tung th the tch tung, kho oong
reng gum dun den oong kh hou tun gum
- Kh up sout vu nhet do but k, oong kh hou tun tung do vo kh co ty
trong cuo vu duo co ty trong thup
Cac tnb cbat coa dao tbo
Co the xuc dnh dooc bung beo thoc toong qoun
cou Stundng vu eggs:
g
1,2048
so g
Y
P
R
18.(10)

=

0
g
o, API
Y 0, 00091T 0, 0125 =
0
o, API
o
141, 5
131, 5 =

b. He so the tch thunh he duo
-He so the tch thunh he cou duo o mot up sout nhut dnh
u the tch tbb) mu mot burre tgom duo vu kh hou tun)
chem cho trong vu o up sout do. Don v u bb/S1
- eo thoc thoc nghem xuc dnh he so the tch thunh he
duo cou Stundng vu eggs co dung:
o so g o
B f(R , , , T) =
- He so the tch thunh he hu phu tdn v do bb/S1) dooc
dnh nghu u the tch tbb) mu mot S1 duo vu kh chem
cho trong vu o nhet do vu up sout but k:
t o g soi so
B B B (R R ) = +
c. He so nen ang nhiet
o
1 dV
C
V dP
=
d. He so nhot dong oc
-He so nhot dong oc cou duo tho pho thooc nheo vuo up sout vu
dooc xuc dnh bung cuc cong thoc thoc nghem:
*Kh l < lb:
+ Duo chet ttheo Lgboguh):
+ Duo mo ttheo eggs vu kobnson):
* Kh l > lb: 1heo Vusqoez vu eggs
0
od
o, API
lg[lg( 1)] 1,8653 0, 025086 0, 5644lgT + =
B
o od
A =
m
o ob
b
P
( )
P
=
1,187 5
m 2, 6P exp( 11, 513 8, 98.10 P)
=
u. He so the tch thunh he nooc
1heo McCun:
w wt wp
B (1 V )(1 V ) = + +
2 4 7 2
wt
V 1, 00010.10 1,33391.10 T 5, 50654.10 T

= + +
9 13 2 7 10 2
wp
V 1,95301.10 PT 1, 72834.10 P T 3,58922.10 P 2,25341.10 P

=
Cac tnb cbat coa nooc va
b.1y so hou tun kh nooc
0,0840655 0,285854
sw
swp
R
10 ST
R

=
2
swp
R A BP CP = + +
2 4 2 7 3
A 8,15839 6,12265.10 T 1,91663.10 T 2,1654.10 T

= +
2 5 7 2 10 3
B 1, 01021.10 7, 44241.10 T 3, 05553.10 T 2,94883.10 T

= +
7 4 2 6 3 9 4
C 10 (9, 02505 0,130237T 8, 53425.10 T 2,34122.10 T 2,37049.10 T )

= + +
c. He so nen dung nhet
Kh l > lb:
Kh l < l:
w
w T
w N a C l
B 1 1
C ( )
B P ( 7, 0 3 3 P 5 4 1, 5C 5 3 7, 0 T 4 0 3, 3)
= =
+ +
w
w T
w
B 1
C ( ) ( B 2 C . P )
B P
= + +

d. He so nhot dong oc
-He so nhot dong oc o nhet do vu vu up sout kh qoyen:
- He so nhot dong oc o up sout vu nhet do vu:
T
w1
AB =
2 3 3
A 109,574 8, 40564S 0,313314S 8, 72213.10 S
= + +
2 4 2 5 3 6 4
B 1,12166 2,63951.10 S 6,79461.10 S 5,47119.10 S 1,55586.10 S

= + +
5 9 2
w
w1
0, 9994 4, 0296.10 P 3,1062.10 P

= + +

Dong chay trong va
- So dch choyen cou chut oo trong vu oon thuy do theo
khong gun vu tho gun
- Cuc yeo to unh hoong den dong chuy cong thuy do theo
- Vec heo bet qoy out dch choyen cou chut oo theo
khong gun vu tho gun trong vu u rut qoun trong, gop:
+ 1nh toun doong duc tnh dong vuo
+ 1nh toun oo oong khu thuc hop y
+ Lou chon cuc phoong phup xo y vong cun duy
+ Xuc dnh he so skn geng
- De gu qoyet bu toun nuy, cun so dong dnh out thum
Durcy vu khuo sut mot so yeo to unh hoong den dong thum.
Dong chay trong va
l. Dnh out thum Durcy
2. So thuy do gou do thum toong do vu do buo hou
chut oo
3. He phoong trnh tong qout cou dong thum nheo
phu
Dong chay trong va
l. Dnh out thum Durcy
Dnh out thum Durcy tong qout cho dong thum but k:
- Kh vun toc dong chuy u on tke >l0) th phoong trnh
Durcy khong con dong nou. 1rong troong hop nuy, tu so
dong phoong trnh thum ph toyen co dung:
- 1oy nhen huo het cuc dong chuy trong mo troong o rong
deo u dong chuy tung tke <l0)
( )
k
V p z
= +
)& )&
2
J aV bV = +
Dong chay trong va
2. So thuy do gou do thum toong do vu do buo
hou chut oo
- Kh do buo hou thuy do th do thum heo dong
cou chut oo thuy do
- Kh do buo hou nooc tung th do thum cou nooc
se gum, con kh do buo hou duo tung th do thum
cou duo se tung
Dong chay trong va
So thuy do gou do thum toong do vu do buo hou chut oo
Dong chay trong va
3.He phoong trnh tong qout cou dong thum nheo phu
Xet troong hop dong thum gom cu 3 phu nooc, duo vu kh.
Dnh out Durcy up dong cho mo phu nho suo:
- lhu nooc:
- lhu duo:
- lhu kh:
w rw
w w w w w
w w
.
( ) ( ) = + = +
))& )& )&
k k k
V p z p gz

o ro
o o o o o
o o
.
( ) ( ) = + = +
))& )& )&
k k k
V p z p gz

g rg
g g g g g
g g
.
( ) ( ) = + = +
))& )& )&
k k k
V p z p gz

Dong chay trong va
lhoong trnh en toc up dong cho tong phu:
+ lhu nooc
+ lhu duo
+ lhu kh
w w
w w
( S )
( V ) 0
t

+ =
& &
o o
o o
( S )
( V ) 0
t

+ =
& &
g g
g g
( S )
( V ) 0
t

+ =
& &
Dong chay trong va
Ket hop dnh out Durcy vu phoong trnh en toc
cho mo phu, tu dooc he phoong trnh:
w w rw
w w w
w
( S ) k.k
[ (p gz)] 0
t

+ =

)&
&
o o ro
o o o
o
( S ) k.k
[ (p gz)] 0
t

+ =

)&
&
g g rg
g g g
g
( S ) k.k
[ (p gz)] 0
t

+ =

)&
&
Dong chay trong va
Cuc phu en he vo nhuo qou cuc qoun he nou thoc
nghem gou up sout vu do buo hou:
c(g w) g w g w
P P P f(S , S )
= =
c(g o) g o g o
P P P f(S , S )
= =
c(o w) o w o w
P P P f(S , S )
= =
Dong chay trong va
- Ngou ru cun qoun tum den tnh nen dooc cou oo
chut
- So ben then cou cuc he so thum toong do theo
do buo hou
- So ben then cou cuc he so nhot dong oc theo up
sout vu nhet do
Dong chay trong va
- Dou vuo cuc deo ken bun duo vu deo ken ben, cuc
phoong trnh tren co the gu dooc bung phoong phup so.
- Lo gu cuc he phoong trnh tren cho bet qoy out dch
choyen cou chut oo trong vu, to do co the xuy dong dooc
doong duc tnh dong vuo vo do chnh xuc cuo, gop vec
khu thuc dut heo qou cuo nhut
Tel : 84-8-8654086
DONG CHAY TRONG GIENG
NOI DUNG
Co theo chong
1nh toun dong chuy trong geng
lhoong trnh nung oong tong qout
Cuc tnh chut co bun cou oo chut
Cuc thong so cou dong chuy hu phu
lhoong trnh grudent up sout cou dong chuy hu phu
trong ong khu thuc
Dong chuy trong cuc bo phun cun dong
0iJi thieu chung
Dong chay trong he thong khai thac bao gom:
Dong chay t va vao ay gieng
Dong chay t ay gieng len be mat
e phan tch toan bo he thong khai thac, can tnh toan ton
that ap suat trong tng bo phan cua he thong:
Ton that ap suat cua dong chay t va vao ay gieng c
the hien qua ng ac tnh dong vao IPR.
Ton that ap suat t ay gieng len be mat, (iem 6 iem
1) c the hien qua ng ac tnh nang VLF.
LY ThuYET BEM huT
Chon ay gieng la iem nut. Ap suat iem nut tnh theo dong ra luc nay la:
P
sep
+P
ong TG
+P
choke
+P
ong KT
+P
sssv
+P
srt
= P
wf
Trong o:
P
sep
: Ap suat bnh tach
P
ong TG
: o giam ap trong ong thu gom
P
choke
: o giam ap trong van tiet lu be mat
P
ong KT
:o giam ap trong ong khai thac
P
sssv
: o giam ap trong van an toan gieng sau
P
rst
: o giam ap trong bo phan can dong khac
P
wf
: Ap suat ay gieng
Fhu0h0 TRhh hAh0 Lu0h0 T0h0 0uAT
Chia phng trnh tren cho m va lay vi phan hai ve, ta c:
c c
s
c c
g
Z g m
g
v m
V p U W q
g
Z g m
g
v m
V p U
2
2
2
2 2
'
2
' '
1
2
1
1 1
'
1
. .
. 2
.
.
. .
. 2
.
. + + + = + + + + +
0 . ) ( = + + + + +
s
c c
dW dq dZ
g
g
g
vdp p
d dU

Phng trnh tren rat kho ap dung. Da vao ly thuyet nhiet
ong hoc bien oi phng trnh tren nh sau:
dU = dh d(p/); dh = T.dS + (dp/)
dU = TdS + dp/ - d(p/)
Thay the vao phng trnh tren ta c:
TdS + dp/ + vdv/g
c
+gdz/g
c
+ dq + dW
s
= 0 (*)
Tiep tuc bien oi, c ket qua:
dS -dq/T; dS = -dq + dL
w
.
dL
w
la ton that ma sat. Gia s Ws = 0, phng trnh (*) tr
thanh:
0 .
.
= + + +
w
c c
dL dZ
g
g
g
dv v dp

Mat khac, neu ong thu gom nghieng
mot goc th dz=dLsin va nhan hai
ve phng trnh tren cho /dL:
0 . sin . .
.
. .
= + + +
dL
dL
g
g
dL g
dv v
dL
dp
w
c c


Trong cac phng trnh tren, o giam ap dp = p
2
p
1
< 0.
Neu dp > 0, ta co phng trnh xac nh gradient ap suat:
+ + =
f c c
dL
dp
g
g
dL g
dv v
dL
dp

sin . .
.
. .
(dp/dL)
f
= dL
w
/dL: gradient ap suat do ma sat (hay trt) gay nen
He so ma sat f c xac nh nh sau:
f = 64/N
RE
N
RE
la so Reynolds, la thong so dung e phan biet che o dong
chay.
Trong ong tron, gia tr phan chia gia dong chay tang va dong chay roi
thng la N
RE
= 2100 hoac 2300.
oi vi dong chay roi, thanh ong trn, he so ma sat c xac nh
bang cac phng trnh sau:
3000 < N
RE
< 3x10
6
, ap dung phng trnh Drew, Koo va McAdam,
ta c:
f = 0.56+0.5N
RE
-32
N
RE
> 10
5
, ap dung phng trnh Blasius:
f = 0.316N
RE
-0.25
oi vi dong chay roi, thanh ong nham (/d 0) he so ma sat c
xac nh bang phng trnh Colebrook va White (1939):
+ =
f N
d
f .
7 , 18 . 2
log . 2 74 , 1
1
Re

V he so ma sat khong the xac nh trc tiep c t phng trnh tren nen
can bien oi thanh phng trnh sau ay, ong thi ket hp phng phap
th va sai:
2
Re
.
7 , 18 . 2
log . 2 74 , 1 1
+ =
g
c
f N
d
f

Dung phng trnh Drew, Koo va Mc Adams e xac nh
gia tr f
g
au tien , sau o thay vao phng trnh tren xac nh
gia tr f
c
. Neu f
c
khong gan bang gia tr f
g
th gan f
c
va tnh
bang f
g
va tiep tuc tnh cho en khi nao gia tri f
g
va f
c
tng
ng vi nhau.
Neu 5.10
3
< N
RE
<10
8
va 10
-6
</d < 10
-2
, ap dung phng
trnh Jain:
+ =
9 . 0
25 . 21
log 2 14 . 1
1
RE
N
d
f

CAC Thh ChAT C0 8Ah CuA Luu ChAT
Muon tnh toan dong chay trong ong khai thac, au tien phai biet nhng tnh
chat cua lu chat (he so the tch thanh he, ty so kh dau, van toc dong chay,
khoi lng rieng, o nht, he so nen ang nhiet, sc cang be mat,) se thay
oi nh the nao trong ieu kien khai thac. ay la c s e tnh s chenh ap,
ton hao do ma sat trong ong khai thac.
Van toc lu chat
Van toc bieu kien mot pha: van toc dong chay ch 1 pha trong toan bo mat
cat cua ong.
Van toc thc: Khi mot lu chat di chuyen khong chiem toan bo mat cat cua
ong, th luc nay ton tai mot pha khac trong tiet dien cua ong. Do o van toc
thc luc nao cung ln hn van toc bieu kien. V vay, e tnh van toc thc cua
hon hp ta can quan tam en van toc bieu kien cua tng pha rieng biet. Van
toc hon hp la van toc cua cac pha. Can chu y rang, lu lng cua cac pha
thay oi tuy thuoc vao ap suat, nhiet o cua cac pha va v tr cua chung trong
ong khai thac. Do o, van toc tc thi cua lu chat la mot ham phu thuoc vao
ap suat, nhiet o, he so the tch thanh he, he so nen cua lu chat tai iem o.
Van toc kh bieu kien
Kh la lu chat nen c nen lu lng cua kh tai mot v tr trong ong
khai thac se bang lu lng kh tai ieu kien be mat chia cho he so the
tch thanh he kh tai v tr o.
Trong o:
+ Vsg : van toc kh bieu kien (ft/s)
+ qsc : lu lng kh t do o tai ieu kien be mat (scf/s)
+ Bg : he so the tch thanh he kh (ft3/scf)
+ A = d2/4 : tiet dien cua ng ong (ft2)
+ d : ng knh trong cua ong (ft)
Trong trng hp kh hoa tan trong dau th lu lng kh t do dch chuyen trong
ng ong luc nay se bang lu lng tong tr i lu lng kh hoa tan trong dau.
A
B q
A
q
V
g sc g
sg
.
= =
Trong o:
+ V
sg
: van toc kh bieu kien (ft/s)
+ q
sc
: lu lng kh t do o tai ieu kien be mat (scf/s)
+ B
g
: he so the tch thanh he kh (ft
3
/scf)
+ A = d
2
/4 : tiet dien cua ng ong (ft
2
)
+ d : ng knh trong cua ong (ft)
Trong trng hp kh hoa tan trong dau th lu lng kh t do dch chuyen
trong ng ong luc nay se bang lu lng tong tr i lu lng kh hoa
tan trong dau.
A
B q
A
q
V
g sc g
sg
.
= =
Van toc dau bieu kien
e xac nh van toc bieu kien cua dau can phai o c lu lng dau a
gian n ieu kien be mat:
Trong o:
+ v
so
: van toc dau bieu kien (ft/s)
+ q
0
: lu lng dau khai thac (scf/s)
+ B
0
: he so the tch thanh he dau (ft
3
/scf)
+ A : tiet dien ng ong (ft
2
)
Neu lu lng dau khai thac q
0
la STB/ngay th van toc bieu kien cua dau:
A B
q
v
so
.
0
0
=
A B
q
v
so
0
0
5
. 10 5 , 6

=
Van toc nc bieu kien
Trong o:
+ v
sw
: van toc nc bieu kien (ft/s)
+ q
w
: lu lng nc khai thac (STB/ngay)
+ B
w
: he so the tch thanh he nc (bbl/STB)
+ A : tiet dien ong (ft
2
).
A
B q
v
w w
sw
. . 10 5 , 6
5
=
Van toc pha long bieu kien
Trong ong khai thac, nc va dau c xem co cung van toc do nc co khoi
lng rieng ln hn nhng bu lai nc co o nht thap hn dau. Do o van toc
long bieu kien bang tong van toc bieu kien cua nc va dau: v
sl
= v
so
+ v
sw
Hay
Vi: q
l
: lu lng pha long bao gom ca nc va dau.
Neu pha long bao gom ca dau, nc va nc ngng tu th:
4
.
2
d
q
v
l
sl
=
( )
4 .
. . .
2
0 0
d
B q w q B q
v
w g c w
sl
+
=
+ wc : lng nc ngng tu (bbl/MMscf)
+ d : ng knh trong cua ong khai thac (ft)
Van toc hon hp bieu kien bang van toc long bieu kien va van toc kh
bieu kien:
v
m
= v
sl
+ v
sg
Khoi lng rieng cua lu chat
Dong chay trong ong khai thac la dong chay cua hon hp cac pha,
do o e tnh khoi lng rieng cua hon hp, ta can tnh khoi lng
rieng cua tng thanh phan: kh, dau va nc
Khoi lng rieng cua dau khi co kh hoa tan trong dau:
Trong o:
+
0
: khoi lng rieng cua dau (lbm/ft
3
)
+ R
s
: ty so hoa tan kh dau (scf/STB)
( )
0
0
0
. 615 , 5
. . 0764 , 0 . 350
B
R
s g

+
=
+ B
0
: he so the tch thanh he dau (bbl/STB)
+ 350 : khoi lng rieng cua nc ieu kien tieu chuan (lbm/STB).
+ 0,0764 : khoi lng rieng cua khong kh ieu kien chuan (lbm/STB).
+ 5,615 : he so chuyen oi (ft
3
/bbl).
Khi ap suat ln hn hoac bang ap suat iem bot kh (p p
b
), khoi lng
rieng cua dau co the xac nh theo phng trnh sau:
Trong o:
+
0
: khoi lng rieng cua dau nhiet o T va ap suat p
+
0b
: khoi lng rieng cua dau nhiet o T va ap suat p
b
+ p
b
: ap suat iem bot kh
+ C
0
: he so nen ang nhiet nhiet o T (psia)
+ exp(x) = e
x
( ) [ ]
b b
p p C =
0 0 0
exp .
Khoi lng rieng cua nc
Trong o:
+
w
: khoi lng rieng cua nc nhiet o T va ap suat p
(lbm/ft
3
)
+
wsc
: khoi lng rieng cua nc nguyen chat ieu kien tieu
chuan =62,4 (lbm/scf)
+
w
: ty trong nc
+ B
w
: he so the tch thanh he nc (ft
3
/scf)
w w w w wsc w
B B / . 4 , 62 / . = =
Cac tinh chat cua chat luu duJc xac dinh tu thuc nghiem
He so lech kh
He so lech kh Z (hay con goi la he so nen kh) phu thuoc vao
nhiet o gia giam (T
pr
) va ap suat gia giam (p
pr
). Vi:
T
pr
= T/T
pc
; T
pr
= p/p
pc
Trong o:
+ T
pc
va p
pc
: nhiet o va ap suat gia ti han (psia)
+ T
pc
= y
i
p
ci
+ p
pc
= y
i
T
ci
Vi:
+ y
i
: ty le mol cua thanh phan th i.
+ T
ci
: nhiet o ti han cua thanh phan th i.
+ p
ci
: ap suat ti han cua thanh phan th i.
Neu khong biet thanh phan kh th co the tnh nhiet o
gia ti han va ap suat gia ti han theo phng trnh sau:
+ T
pc
= 170,5 + 307,3.
g
+ p
pc
= 709,6 58,7.
g
Ty so hoa tan khi dau
Trong o:
+ T : nhiet o (
0
F)
+ C
1
, C
2
, C
3
: hang so phu thuoc vao
0
API
+
gc
: ty trong kh chnh xac.
)] 460 /( ) ( exp[ . . .
3 1
2
+ = T API C p C R
c
gc s

Cac he so C
1
, C
2
, C
8
theo ty trong dau
O
AF
23.9310 25.7240 C
3
1.1870 1.0937 C
2
0.0178 0.0362 C
1
0
API> 30
0
API 30 Hang so
Ty trong khi cung co the duJc tinh theo cong thuc sau:
Trong o:
+
g
: ty trong kh o c bnh tach
+ T : nhiet o bnh tach (
0
F)
+ p : ap suat bnh tach (psia)
+ API : ty trong theo o API
( )

+ =

7 , 114
log . . 10 192 , 5 1
5
p
T API
g gc

he so the tich thanh he
He so the tch thanh he dau
p
T Z
B
g
. . 0283 , 0
=
( ) ( )
+ + =
gc
s
gc
s
API
T R C
API
T C R C B

60 60 1
3 2 1 0
1.337*10
-9
-1.811*10
-8
C
3
1.100*10
-5
1.751*10
-5
C
2
4.670*10
-4
4.6778* 10
-4
C
1
0
API> 30
0
API 30 Hang so
Khi p > p
b
th B
o
c xac nh:
B
o
= B
ob
exp[C
o
(p
b
-p)]
Trong o:
+ B
bo
: he so the tch thanh he dau ap suat p
b
(bbl/STB)
+ C
o
: he so nen ang nhiet cua dau (psi
-1
).
he so the tich thanh he nuJc
B
WP
= C
1
+ C
2
P + C
3
P
2
Trong o
+ B
w
: he so the tch thanh he cua nc bien (bbl/STB)
+ B
wp
: he so the tch thanh he cua nc nguyen chat (bbl/STB)
+ Y : nong o muoi trong nc
) 10 1 (
4
+ = XY B B
wp w
8 13 2 10 6 8
10 32 , 3 . 10 5 , 8 ( ) 60 ( ) . 10 95 , 1 10 47 , 5 )( 60 ( . 10 1 , 5

+ + = p T p T p X
2 7 5
1
. 10 5 , 8 . 10 35 , 6 9911 , 0 T T C

+ + =
2 12 9 6
2
. 10 57 , 4 10 497 , 3 10 093 , 1 T C

+ =
2 15 13 11
3
. 10 43 , 1 . 10 429 , 6 10 5 T T C

+ =
Cac thong so cua dong chay hai pha
Ty le lu chat
Ty le long
H
L
= (dien tch mat cat cha chat long)/(tong dien tch mat cat ong)
H
L
: 0 1
Neu bo qua s trt gia cac pha, ty le the tch long c xac nh nh
sau
Chia t va mau cho tiet dien cua ong ta c
g g
L
B q q
q
.
1
1
+
=
m
sl
L
V
V
=
Ty le kh
H
g
= (dien tch mat cat cha chat kh)/(tong dien tch mat
cat ong)
Hay: H
g
= 1 - H
L
Neu khong ke en hien tng trt, ty le kh c tnh nh
sau:
Trong o:
+ q
l
: lu lng pha long tai ap suat, nhiet o tai v tr ang xet.
+ q
g
: lu lng pha kh tai ieu kien chuan.
l g g
g g
g
q B q
B q
+
=
.
.
oi vi dong chay bot kh:
oi vi dong chay nut kh
n
l g
g
d q q
q
2
. 233 , 0 + +
=
n
g
g
g
d q q d
q d
5 , 1
1
. 0942 , 0 . 6023 , 0 + +
=
Khoi lng rieng hon hp dau va nc
- Khoi lng rieng cua pha long:
L
=
0
.f
0
+
w
.f
w
Trong o:
+ Ty le dau trong pha long:f
0
=q
0
/(q
0
+q
w
) .
+ Ty le nc trong pha long: f
w
= 1 f
0
.
Khoi lng rieng cua hon hp trong trng hp the nang thay
oi (co trt) c xac nh theo cong thc:
s
=
L
.H
L
+
g
.H
g
Khoi lng rieng cua hon hp trong trng hp khong trt gia cac
pha c xac nh:
n
=
L
.
L
+
g
.
g
Khoi lng rieng cua hon hp nham xac nh ton that ap suat va N
RE
c tnh theo cong thc:
g
g g
L
L L
k
H H
2
2
.
.

+ =
Van toc kh bieu kien:
V
sg
=q
g
/A
Van toc thc cua kh:
V
g
=q
g
/AH
g
Van toc long bieu kien:
V
sl
=q
L
/A
Van toc thc cua pha long:
V
L
=q
L
/AH
l
Van toc dong hon hp:
sg sL m
V V V + =
o nht hai pha (bo qua s trt)
o nht hai pha co xet en s trt va o nht pha long
g g L L n
. . + =
g g L L s
H H . . + =
w w L
f f . .
0 0
+ =
Trong o
Sc cang be mat
Sc cang be mat gia kh va nc, kh va dau phu thuoc vao ap suat,
nhiet o, trong lng cua dau, kh va lng kh khong hoa tan. Sc
cang be mat cua pha long c tnh:
Trong o:
+
0
: sc cang be mat cua dau va kh.
+
w
: sc cang be mat cua dau va nc
w w L
f f . .
0 0
+ =
Fhu0h0 TRhh 0RA0EhT AF SuAT CuA 00h0 ChAY
hA FhA TR0h0 0h0 KhA ThAC
lhoong trnh grudent up sout cou dong chuy hu phu
1rong geng duo, kho oong reng cou oo chut on,
chnh v the thunh phun ton thut thoy tnh chem ty e
on, con trong geng kh, kh d choyen nhunh vo vun
toc on, v the thunh phun phun ton thut do mu sut
chem oo the.
acc f el
dl
dp
dl
dp
dl
dp
dl
dp
=
Thanh han ton that trong cac gieng khai thac
0 10 0 10 ong nang
30 60 10 30 Ma sat
20 50 70 90 The nang
(thuy tnh)
% Ton that oi vi
gieng kh
% Ton that oi vi
gieng dau
Thanh phan
Ton that a suat do su thay doi a nang
Trong o:
+ g
c
: he so ty le
+
hh
: khoi lng rieng cua hon hp
+ : goc nghieng cua gieng
sin . .
hh
c el
g
g
dl
dp
=
oi vi dong chay nhieu pha trong ong, thanh phan ton that do s thay oi ap
nang la ln nhat (chiem 70 98%) tren toan bo ton that ap suat cua dong
chay) va la thanh phan kho tnh toan nhat v no chu tac ong cua nhieu yeu
to.
Thanh phan ton hao do s thay oi the nang:
e tnh toan chnh xac khoi lng rieng cua hon hp th
phai tnh en s trt gia cac pha.
Ton that ap suat do ap nang con c xac nh theo bieu
thc sau:
l
k
g
an L
H
dl
dp
g
1 1
.
1
Ton that a suat do su thay doi a nang
Ton that a suat do ma sat
1on thut up sout do mu sut co the chem to l 30% tren tong gu tr up sout cou
dong chuy nheo phu trong ong vu dooc tnh bung beo thoc suo:
1rong do:
+ l
hh
: he so mu sut cou hon hop
+
ns
: kho oong reng cou hon hop o trung thu khong troot
+ d : doong knh trong cou ong khu thuc
+ C
hh
: oo oong kho oong cou hon hop
+ v
hh
: vun toc choyen dong cou hon hop
d g
v G f
d g
v f
dl
dp
c
hh hh hh
c
m ns
f
. . 2
. .
. . 2
. .
2
= =

Ton that a suat do ma sat con duJc xac dinh theo bieu thuc
sau:
Trong o:
+ q
l
: lu lng the tch pha long
+ q
g
: lu lng the thch pha kh
He so ma sat cua hon hp chat lu hai pha:
+ =
l
g
l
hh
ms l
q
q
d
q
f
dl
dp
g
1 . 331 , 0
.
1
5
2
l
g
hh
q
q
f
f f
f
1
2 1
141 , 0 1 +
=
Trong o:
f
1
= 0.11*N
RE
-0.266
Neu: 0,5 A
0
1,0 th he so f
2
c tnh theo bieu thc sau:
Neu: A
0
< 0,5 th f
2
= 1,0 va khi A
0
> 0,5 th f
2
=0,2
Vi:
033 , 0
826 , 0
0
2
=
A
f
3
2
0
1
1 0
d
q
q
f A
g
=
g
d d
.
1
0
=
Vi la sc cang be mat gia hai pha long - kh (N/m)
( )
dL
dp
p g
v v
dL
dp
c
k hh hh
dn
.
.
. .
=
( )
= =
k
k
L
L
c
hh hh
c
hh hh hh
dn
G
dL
d G
dL
d
g
v
dL g
v d v
L
p

.
.
. .
Ton that ap suat do s thay oi ong nang
Gradient ap suat khi lu chat di chuyen t ay gieng len be mat trong ong khai thac
Phng trnh c ban tnh toan ton that ap suat cua dong chay nhieu pha trong ong:
Hay
dL
dp
p g
v v
d g
v G f
g
g
dL
dp
c
g hh hh
c
hh hh hh
hh
c
.
.
. .
. . 2
. .
sin . .

+ =
p g
v v
d g
v G f
g
g
dL
dp
c
g hh hh
c
hh hh hh
hh
c
.
. .
1
. . 2
. .
sin . .

+
+
=
Ton that ap suat do s thay oi ong nang
CAu TRuC 00h0 ChAY TR0h0 0h0 KhA ThAC
Dong chay bot kh
Dong chay dang nut kh
Dong chay chuyen tiep
Dong chay sng mu
Cac huJng ha xac dinh gradient a suat
+ Phng phap Poettman va Carpenter
+ Phng phap Hagedon va Brown
+ Phng phap Duns va Ros
+ Phng phap Orkiszewski
+ Phng phap Aziz, Govier va Fogarasi
+ Phng phap Chierici, Ciucci va Sclocchi
+ Phng phap Beggs and Brill
+ Phng phap Mona, Asheim
+ Phng phap Hassan va Kabir
00h0 ChAY TR0h0 CAC 80 FhAh CAh 00h0
Mac du ton that ap suat chu yeu xay ra ay gieng, he thong ong khai thac
va he thong thu gom nhng trong mot so gieng, ton that bo phan can
dong cung chiem mot ty le ang ke. Cac bo phan can dong chu yeu la:
+ Van tiet lu be mat
+ Van an toan gieng sau
+ Goc van va goc ong
van tiet luu be mat
Lu chat la kh
Phng trnh tong quat c xay dng bang cach ket hp phng trnh Bernoulli
va phng trnh trang thai ap dung cho lu chat la kh trong ca hai trng hp ti
han va cha ti han:
Trong o: + q
sc
: Lu lng kh
+ d: ng knh cua van
+
g
: Ty trong kh
) )(
1
(
) (
) )( (
/ 1 / 2
1 1
2
1
k k k
g
n
sc
y y
k
k
Z T
d P C
q
+

+ P
1
: ap suat dong vao
+ P
2
: Ap suat dong ra
+ T
1
: Nhiet o dong vao
+ Z
1
: He so lech kh nhiet o T
1
va ap suat p
1
+ P
sc
: Ap suat tieu chuan
+ T
sc
: Nhiet o tieu chuan
+ C
s
, C
d,
C
n
: He so chuyen oi n v (C
n
= C
s
* C
d
*T
sc
/P
sc
)
+ K: Ty so nhiet dung rieng (k=C
p
/C
v
)
+ y: ty so ap suat dong ra va dong vao (y=p
2
/p
1
)
van tiet luu be mat
van tiet luu be mat
Khi lu lng dong kh at ti gia tr ti han, ty so ap suat (y=y
c
) va phu
thuoc vao o k theo phng trnh sau:
y
c
=[2/(k+1)]k/(k-1)
Trong trng hp van tiet lu ngan, dong chay ti han qua van co lo m
gan tron, cong thc lien he gia lu lung, ap suat dong vao va kch thc
van nh sau:
Thong thng ngi ta lay C
d
=0,82 trong trng hp khong xac nh c
cac so lieu cu the.
5 , 0
1
2
) (
487 , 0
g
n
T
P d C
sc
q
=
van tiet luu be mat
Loo chut hu phu
1rong do:
+ l
l
:Ap sout dong vuo tpsu)
+ q
: Loo oong phu ong tS1/d)

+ k: 1y so kh/ ong tscl/stb)
+ d: Doong knh vun tet oo tn)
a
c l
d
R pq
P =
1
van an toan gieng sau (SSSv)
Phng trnh xac nh o giam ap cua dong chay cha ti han qua van an
toan gieng sau:
+ =d/D
+ C
d
: Thng chon 0,9
+ K: Ty so nhiet dung rieng cua kh
+ y: He so gian n
2
2
4
1
4
2
1 1
6
2 1
) 1 ( 10 . 048 , 1
y C d p
q T z
p p
d
sc g

=

He so gian n y thay oi trong khoang 0,67-1 va thng c
tnh bang phng phap lap vi gia tr gia nh ban au thng
la 0,85:
Trng hp dong chay hai pha qua van
Phng trnh xac nh o giam ap cua dong chay cha ti han
qua van an toan gieng sau:
5 , 0
1
2 1
4
) )( 35 , 0 41 , 0 ( 1
kp
p p
Y

+ =
+
n
: Khoi lng rieng khong trt (lbm/ft
3
)
+
n
=
l
l
+
g
g
+ v
m
: Van toc cua hon hp qua van
+ C
d
= 0,233+8,4.10
-4
Nv+6,672-11,662
+ Nv= q
g
/q
l
=(1-
l
)/
l
;
+
l
=q
l
/(q
l
+q
g
);
+=d/D
vi d: ng knh cua van va D: ng knh trong ong khai thac;
d
m n
C
v
p p
2
4
2 1
10 . 087 , 1
=
0oc van va goc ong
fL/d = K
L = Kd/f
Trong o:
+ D: ng knh ong tng ng;
+ f: he so ma sat cua dong chay trong ong
+ L: Chieu dai ong tng ng
+ K: Phu thuoc vao loai van.
c c
f
g
v
K
g
v
d
fL
p
2 2
2 2

= =
8ang hang so K theo loai van
6-8 Van chan
3-5 Van cau
0,2-0,3 Van goc
0,15 Van ca
K Loai van
Tel : 84-8-8654086
QUY TRNH HON THIN GING
QUY TRNH HON THIN GING
1. Trm xi mng ct ng chng khai thc
2. Bn m va
3. Lp t thit b khai thc
4. Gi dng sn phm
CC CT NG CHNG
ng chng
Trung gian
Cc loi ng (Tubulars)
Production
Casing
ng chng
b mt
ng chng
nh hng
CHNG NG KHAI THC
Mt s b phn ca ng chng
CC DNG C NH TM
CC DNG C NO
VNG XOY V GI TRM
H CT NG CHNG KHAI THC
+ Cn h ct ng cng nhanh cng tt, nhng vn tc th ct ng cng
b hn ch ty theo p lc d m n gy ln y v thnh ging khoan.
+ Khi h ct ng n y, c th iu chnh thnh phn dung dch tun
hon ng thi thao tc nng th ct ng chng lm cho cc dng
c no thnh ging khoan hot ng. Vic tun hon dung dch dng
li khi:
- Dung dch khng cn nng mn khoan ln na
- Lng kh t v khng thay i
- Khng c hin tng mt dung dch v xm nhp ca cht lng
- Ton b th tch dung dch khoan tun hon l ng nht
QUY TRNH TRM XI MNG
Trm xi mng l t va xi mng thch hp trong khong
khng hnh xuyn gia thnh ging khoan v lp lt thnh
ging mt chiu su xc nh. C nhiu cch trm xi mng
khc nhau:
- Trm xi mng lt thnh ging hoc ct ng
- Trm xi mng di p sut gi l trm ln cht qua cc l c
thng ng
- t cc nt trm xi mng ging khoan trn
CC GIAI ON TRM XI MNG
- Trm xi mng s cp
- Trm xi mng hai tng
- Trm xi mng ct ng chng lng
- p xi mng
- t cc nt trm xi mng
Khi tin hnh trm xi mng, cn ch n nhng c tnh
ca xi mng v chn va xi mng ph hp.
BN M VA
Sau khi trm xi mng ct ng chng khai thc, tng cha b ct
ng chng v vnh xi mng bt kn, nn phi tin hnh bn m
va.
Phng php bn m va ph bin nht l dng n n to p
sut
C th th thit b bn m va bng cp hoc cn khoan trc khi
lp t thit b lng ging khai thc, hay th sng bn m va bng
cp vo trong ng khai thc, hoc gn trc tip vo u ct ng
khai thc. Phng php ny cho php tin hnh khai thc nu
dng chy c thit lp ngay sau qu trnh bn m va m khng
phi dp ging v sau lp t thit b khai thc lng ging
QUY TRNH BN M VA
Gm ba giai on:
1. Sng bn m va c h i din tng sn phm
2. Kch n
3. Dng cht lu t va chy vo ging
BN M VA
BN M VA
BN M VA
V TR BN M VA
V tr bn m va thng c xc nh nh sau:
- Khi va cha du c tng nc y, nn m va phn
trn (nc) ca i sn phm
- Khi va cha du c m kh, nn m va phn gn y
ca i sn phm
- Khi va cha du va c m kh v tng nc y, nn
m va phn gia ca i sn phm
LP T THIT B KHAI THC
- Sau khi hon tt cng vic bn m va, mt ct ng
ng knh nh (ct ng khai thc) s c lp vo
ging lm ng dn du t y ging ln b mt
- Packer c t gia ct khai thc v ct ng chng
khai thc ngay trn nc tng sn phm gip cho cht
lu khai thc chy t thnh h qua cc l bn m va
vo trong ct ng khai thc v i ln b mt.
LP T NG KHAI THC
PACKER
LP T U GING KHAI THC
u ging khai thc c lp t pha trn b u ng
chng. Ct ng khai thc trong ging c treo t cy
thng khai thc sao cho sn phm khai thc chy theo
ct ng khai thc vo cy thng khai thc.
Sn phm khai thc c th c kim sot nh cc van
tit lu lp trn cy thng khai thc
LP T U GING KHAI THC
Cy thng khai thc (Christmas Trees)
u ng khai thc v thit b treo
(Tubing Heads and Hangers)
LP T VAN TIT LU
Van tit lu (Beans and Chokes)
Tel : 84-8-8654086
HON THIN GING KHAI THC
NI DUNG
+ Phn loi
+ Cc phng php hon thin
+ Tnh ton thit k
+ Dung dch hon thin ging
+ Bn m va
+ Gi dng sn phm
PHN LOI
+ Theo s tng khai thc: n tng, a tng
+ Theo s cn khai thc: Cn n, cn i, cn ba
+ Theo b mt phn cch gia y ging v tng sn phm:
. Hon thin ging thn trn
. Hon thin ging vi ng lc v chn si
. Hon thin ging vi ng chng, trm xi mng v bn m va
+ Theo phng php khai thc:
. T phun
. Cc phng php c hc:
- Gaslift
- Bm ly tm in chm
- Bm cn ht
- Bm pittng thu lc
H S HON THIN GING
- tnh ton tn tht p sut gy ra
bi cng tc hon thin ging, h s
hon thin c b sung ging vo
phng trnh dng vo:
P
R
P
wf
= A.q
0
+ B.q
0
2
P
R
2
P
wf
2
= A.q
sc
+ B.q
sc
2
Flow Through
Porus Media
P, K, IPR
Intake
Vertical or Inclined
Tubing
Flowing Wellhead
Pressure
Horizontal Flowline
Gas Sales
Separator
Stock Tank
A : h s chy tng
B : h s chy ri
' ) / 472 . 0 [ln( .
) ( . 00708 . 0
0 0
0
0
S r r B
p p h k
q
w e
wf r
+
' ) / 472 . 0 [ln( . .

) ( . 10 . 703
2 2 6
S r r T Z
p p h k
q
w e g
wf r
g
sc
+
H S HON THIN GING

A = A
R
+ A
P
+ A
G
B = B
R
+ B
P
+ B
G
A
R,
B
R
: cc thnh phn chy tng v ri trong va
A
P
, B
P
: cc thnh phn chy tng v ri trong l bn
A
G
, B
G
: cc thnh phn chy tng v ri trong ln si
H S HON THIN GING
HON THIN GING THN TRN
- ng chng t trn nc ca tng sn phm, thnh h
khng trm xi mng v khng bn m va
- Thch hp vi tng sn phm c chiu dy ln, cu to
bi loi cng, vng chc khng b sp l
- Cc u nhc im (tham kho C s khoan & khai
thc du kh)
H THNG IM NT
1
3
6 8
Node Location
1 Separator
3 Wellhead
6 Pwf
8 Pr
P
6-3
= (P
wf
- P
wh
)
P
3-1
= P
wh
- P
sep
)
P
8-6
= (P
r
- P
wf
)
nh hng ca qu trnh hon thin ging n c tnh
dng chy l lm thay i h s thm ca va do b
nhim bn hoc c kch thch
i vi du: A
R
=
i vi kh: A
R
=
d
w
e
R
S
r
r
h k
B
+
472 . 0
[ln
.
. 2 . 141
0
0 0
d
w
e
gR
g
S
r
r
h k
T Z
+
472 . 0
[ln
.
. . 2 . 141
H S HON THIN GING
S
d
=(k
R
/k
d
-1)ln(r
d
/r
w
)
k
oR
: thm khng i ca va i vi du
k
gR
: thm khng i ca va i vi kh
S
d
: h s skin do thay i thm xung quanh ging
k
R
: thm ca va
k
D
: thm ca vng nhim bn
r
w
: bn knh ging
r
d
: bn knh vng b nhim bn
H S HON THIN GING
Ta tnh B
R
t cc phng trnh sau:
i vi du: B
R
=
i vi kh: B
R
=
H s vn tc
w
R
r h
B
.
. . 10 3 . 2
2
0
2
0
14

w
g R
r h
T Z
.
. . . 10 161 . 3
2
12

2 , 1
10
10 33 . 2
R
R
k
=
H S HON THIN GING
HON THIN BNG NG CHNG LNG, C L
V LN SI
- Trong va trm tch, xi mng gn kt gia cc ht yu dn nn
ct s theo dng sn phm vo ging
-S dng ng chng lng c c l i din vi tng sn phm
- Vnh xuyn gia thn ging v ng lng c ln y ct th
hn ct va
- Hu ht cc ging c ln si c thm cao do tnh khng
gn kt t nhin ca si ln
- Si ln lm gim tn tht p sut do vng nn p gy ra xung
quanh l lc
- Sau mt thi gian khai thc, tn tht p sut ca dng chy dc
theo nhng l lc b lp y ct s tng ng k
1
2
3
4
5
6 7 8
Node Location Remarks
1 Separator
2 Surface Choke Functional
3 Wellhead
4 Safety Valve Functional
5 Restriction Functional
6 Pwf
7 Pwfs
8 Pr
1A Gas Sales
1B Stock Tank
1A
1B
H THNG IM NT
H S HON THIN GING
- i vi du: A
G
=
B
G
=
- i vi kh: A
G
=
N: tng s l bn B
G
=
k
G
: thm ca si ln
L: chiu di knh dn ca l bn
4 2
0
0
2 14
.
. 10 2 . 9
P
G
r N
L B
2
. .
. . 2844
P G
G
r N k
L Z
4 2
11
.
. . . 10 263 . 1
P
g G
r N
L T Z
55 ., 0
107 47 . 1
G
G
k
=
2
0 0
. .
. . 4 . 282
P G
r N k
L B
Chiu di knh dn bng hiu gia bn knh ging
khoan v bn knh ngoi ca ng lc (hay bn knh
ging khoan tr bn knh trong ca ng chng).
phn tch cng tc hon thin ging bng ng lc c
ln si, cn tch hai thnh phn tn tht p sut trong
va v tn tht dc theo lp si ln:
P
R
P
wf
= P
R
- P
wfs
+ (P
wfs
- P
wf
)
H S HON THIN GING
Phng trnh biu din hai loi tn tht p sut ny
c dng:
i vi du: P
R
- P
wfs
= A
R
.q
0
+ G
R
.q
0
2
P
wfs
- P
wf
= A
G
.q
0
+ B
G
.q
0
2
i vi kh: P
R
2
- P
wfs
2
= A
R
.q
sc
+ B
R
.q
sc
2
P
wfs
2
- P
wf
2
= A
G
.q
sc
+ B
G
.q
sc
2
H S HON THIN GING
HON THIN GING BNG NG CHNG, TRM
XI MNG V BN M VA
- Chiu di ng chng khai thc c t sut thnh h v xi mng phi c
lp y khong khng vnh xuyn gia ng chng v thnh ging khoan
- Cho php chn la tng cn bn m va
- Dng cho ging su, thnh h yu v km bn vng
- Vn quan trng nht l xc nh hiu sut bn m va. Hiu qu ca cng
tc hon thin ph thuc vo: s lng l bn, kch thc v chiu su l bn ,
kiu l bn, gc pha
- S nn p ca thnh h xung quanh l bn sau khi bn va c th lm gim
ng k hiu qu hon thin ging
- Cn xc nh chnh xc khong bn m va, trnh cc vng c thnh h qu
yu hoc khng c sn phm, trnh dng cht lu khng mong mun chy vo
Hiu qu ca cng tc hon thin ging ph thuc vo c va v l
bn
P
R
- P
wf
= (A
R
+ A
P
) + (B
R
+ B
P
)q
0
2
P
R
2
P
wf
2
= (A
R
+ A
P
)q
sc
+ (B
R
+ B
P
)q
sc
2
Thnh phn chy tng trong l bn bao gm nh hng ca mt
v kiu l bn, nh hng ca s nn cht xung quanh l bn.
Nhng nh hng ny c tnh n trong cc phng trnh:
H S HON THIN GING
Pwh
Gas Sales
Separator
Stock Tank
P1 = (Pr - Pwfs) = Loss in Porus Medium
P2 = (Pwfs - Pwf) = Loss across Completion
P3 = (P UR - P DR ) = Loss across Restriction
P4 = (P USV - P DSV ) = Loss across Safety Valve
P5 = (Pwh - P DSC ) = Loss across Surface Choke
P6 = (P DSC - Psep) = Loss in Flowline
P7 = (Pwf - Pwh) = Total Loss in Tubing
P8 = (Pwh - Psep) = Total Loss in Flowline
P5
P8
P6
Pwfs Pwf
P2
Pr
PUR
PDR
P3
P1
PDSV
PUSV
Psep
P4
P7
H THNG IM NT
i vi du: A
P
=
i vi kh: A
P
=
Khi bit thm dc: S
P
=
h: chiu di tng cng ca va, ft
h
p
: chiu di khang bn m va, ft
k
R
thm ca va theo phng ngang, md
K: thm dc, md
)
0
0 0
(
.
. 2 141
dp P
R
S S
h k
B
+

)
(
.
. . 2 141
dp P
gR
g
S S
h k
T Z
+

2 ln 1
5 . 0
v
R
w P
k
k
r
h
h
h
H S HON THIN GING
DNG CHY DC THEO VNG B NN P
S
dP
=
h chiu dy tng cng ca va, ft
L
p
chiu di l bn, ft
N: tng s l bn
k
R
: thm va, md
k
dp
: thm vng b nn p, md
r
P
: bn knh l bn, in
r
dP
: bn knh vng b nn p, in
P
dP
d
R
dP
R
P
r
r
k
k
k
k
N L
h
ln
.


- Phn tn tht p sut ln nht dc theo l bn l do
dng chy ri qua vng b nn p. Cc phng trnh:
+i vi du:B
P
=
+ i vi kh: B
P
=
+ H s vn tc:
2 2 2
0
2
0
14
. .
. . 10 3 . 2
N L r
B
P P
dP

2 2
12
. .
. . . 10 161 . 3
N L r
T Z
P P
g dP

2 ., 1
10
10 33 . 2
dP
dP
k
=
DNG CHY DC THEO VNG B NN P
VA XI MNG
Ph thuc vo:
Nhit tnh y ging khoan quy nh thi gian ng cng (thi
gian c th bm phun xi mng)
Nhit tun hon y ging khoan (s lm thay i thi gian ng
cng)
T trng ph thuc vo p lc a tnh ca mt s tng t khoan
qua
nht do ca va v c tnh lc ca n
Cc thng s lu bin ca va
Thi gian ng cng v gia tng bn chu nn
bn ca xi mng v cc nhn t khc nhau c th lm h hi n
(nc va n mn, nhit cao)
- Va s dng ch yu gm xi mng v nc, c thm mt s cht ph gia
- Chng loi xi mng s dng tu thuc vo chiu su v nht l nhit
y ging khoan v c th tip xc vi nc va n mn
- Cc loi xi mng v iu kin s dng (xem sch C s khoan v khai thc
du kh)
HIN TNG NGM NC CA XI MNG
- Qu trnh: bt u t thnh phn khan vi cc cht km n nh ri ti cc cht
n nh hn.
- Khi lng nc khng , cc thnh phn ny kt tinh li v to ra s ho tan
mi ca cc thnh phn khan. Nh vy s xy ra s lin kt dn dn ca cc
tinh th hnh kim cho n khi ng cng ton b h thng.
- Mt s yu t tc ng n s ngm nc ca xi mng:
Nhit : nh hng rt ln n vn tc ngm nc ca xi mng. Khi
nhit tng s lm gim thi gian ng cng xi mng
p lc: s ngm nc tng theo p lc
S NHIM BN
- Xy ra trong qu trnh trn vi nc dng hoc trn ln vi cc
cht lng c trong ging khoan
- Mi s thay i tnh cn bng trong pha c nc do b sung m
khng kim tra cc nguyn t tan c hoc khng tan u tc
ng n vic ngm nc ca xi mng nh NaOH, Na
2
CO
3
Na
2
SiO
3
lm tng nhanh qu trnh ng cng (kh c th d on
c)
CC CHT PH GIA
- Cht lm ng nhanh: lm tng nhanh qu trnh ng cng xi mng nhit
thp hoc khc phc hiu ng lm ng chm ca cc cht ph gia khc, cho php
gim thi gian ch i trc khi khoan tip
- Cht lm ng chm: lm chm qu trnh ng cng ca xi mng, tng thi gian
bm va khi nhit y ging cao hoc hiu ng ca cht ph gia khc c nguy
c lm gim ng k thi gian bm va vo ging
- Cht lm nh: khi trn vi xi mng th gy hiu ng lm gim t trng va ng
thi gim gi thnh nhng nh hng n thi gian ng cng v sc khng nn
ca xi mng nn phi khc phc bng cc cht ph gia thch hp
- Cc cht kim sot lc: lm va khng mt nc do lc qua cc tng thm
nhng c th gy ra s ng cng khng ng lc hoc ng cng do thiu nc
cn thit thu phn v kt tinh cc thnh phn ca xi mng
C L NG CHNG TRONG GING
C th s dng 1 trong 4 phng php sau:
+ n
+ Mn (n lm)
+ Tia xuyn
+ Tia thu lc - ct
C BNG N
Loi n c tc dng bn tng lot: to p lc 700KG/cm
2
v nhit lm vic l 127
0
C
Loi n c cha thuc n nhm gia tng kh nng c
m v hiu qu bn va dy
Loi n c tc dng bn ni tip: gim tc ng ca
p lc ln ng chng v gi ng chng khi b bin
dng v nt v
Loi c c tc dng bn tch bit: ch bn tng vin
theo th t nh. Loi n ny c s dng bn
va sn phm mng v gia chng c xen k bi cc
tng cha nc hoc cha st
c bng n c s dng cho t khng qu cng v
vnh xi mng xung quanh ng chng yu
C BNG MN HAY N LM
- Loi n lm khc vi cc loi n k trn l thay th u n
bng u lm (ng li) c tc dng n chm
- u n lm phng ra c ct ng chng v vnh trm xi mng
ri tip tc i su vo va n v to thnh nhng khe rnh ph
Bn mn nhng lp t cht st v c thm thp
C BNG TIA XUYN
- c bng tia xuyn, cht to n v c sc xuyn rt mnh
- Vn tc ca nhng tia n khong 8000- 10000 m/s vi p lc
khong 300 triu KG/cm
2
- Loi tia xuyn cho php to nhng khe su vo va nn bo m
tng thm
S dng tt nht cho loi cng, thm km.
C BNG TIA THY LC - CT
- Nc trn ct c tnh mi mn cao c bm qua vi phun ca tht b vi p
sut t 1500- 3000 KG/cm
2
- Ming ca thit b phun ct c ch to t hp kim rt cng chng mi
mn. ng knh ca vi phun khong 3 6 mm
- Ct c ng knh t 0.2 1.2 mm
- T l ct trong nuc t 50 200 g/l (lng ct khong 8 10 tn/ln x l)
- Vn tc c l ct ng chng v t 0.6 0.9 mm/s
- Khi bn thu lc ct, thit b ming ging khi lm vic phi t ti 70 MPa v
my bm trm xi mng c cng sut ln p hn hp cht lng ct
- Nhc im ca phng php bn tia thu lc ct l cn khi lng thit b
k thut c cng sut ln v cng tc chun b v tin hnh trn quy m ln, s
lng ngi tham gia nhiu nn chi ph rt cao (t c p dng)
GI DNG SN PHMV QU TRNH KHI NG
GING
Ph thuc vo cc yu t:
+ su ca ging v p sut ca va
+ Tnh cht ca du hoc kh c trong va
+ c tnh vt l ca t v mc bn vng ca
chng v cu trc ging.
+ Thit b k thut sn c
CC PHNG PHP
+ Gim t trng ct dung dch trong ging bng cch thay
dung dch nh hn nh nc, du, cht lng to bt, cht lng
ngm kh
+ H mc cht lng trong ging: nh my nn kh hoc my
bm su, pittng hoc gu mc
+ Kt hp c 2 phng php
(xem C s khoan v khai thc du kh)
Tel : 84-8-8654086
GING A NHNH
NOl DNG
1ong qoun ve geng du nhunh
lhn ou gng u nhunh
Cong nghe houn then geng du nhunh
Ket oun
kbai nicm
Ceng u nhunh tmotuteru ve) gom mot thun
geng chnh vo nheo nhunh phut tren vu keo du
to thun geng chnh
1hun geng chnh tthung dong houc num ngung) co
doong knh on se dooc khoun den cheo suo xuc
dnh
Cuc geng nhunh dooc khoun dnh hoong xout phut
to thun geng chnh den cheo suo thet ke, co the
cong num trong l thunh he huy trong nhong tung
sun phum khuc nhuo
Ceng du nhunh co the u so ket hop gou geng
khoun dnh hoong vu geng khoun ngung
Mnh hou cou geng du nhunh
t|cb so bnb tbanb va pbat tricn gicng da nbanb
Cuc ky so khoun cou Ngu du tho
nghem geng du nhunh duo ten to
nhong num l950.
- Nguy nuy, vo nhong he thong
choun gop xuc dnh chnh xuc cuc
do toong up dong cong nghe khoun
geng du nhunh, so ten bo cou
cong nghe che tuo vut eo, ky thout
houn then, so thong nhut ve cuch
phun ou du dou cong nghe
geng du nhunh tro nen rut pho
ben tren toun the go.
Mat cat ng cua gieng a
nhanh au tien tren the gii
toi cb coa gicng da nbanb
toi cb vc ky tboat
- 1ung so tep xoc vo vu
- 1ung do en thong gou cuc vu b cuch y
- 1ung heo sout qoet
- Cum so hnh thunh mo nooc
- Cum hen toong snh cut
- 1hum do heo qou vong co cuo troc du chut phoc tup
- Cum theo cuc yeo to tuc dong mo troong
toi cb coa gicng da nbanb
toi cb vc kinb tc
- Co the dooc phut tren to geng thong thoong sun co
- Do vo cuc geng khoun tren dut en, gum den tch vuthet
b be mut
- Do vo cuc geng khoun ngou ben, gum so oong sobseu,
gum trong oong vu cong sout cho cuc cong trnhben
- Choyen cuc mo cun ben thunh cuc mo thong thoong
- Cum ch ph vun hunh vu phut tren mo
kbo kban tboong gap
kbo kban vc ky tboat
- Ky thout khoun vu houn then geng phoc tup
- Mot so ou geng khong pho hop cho cong tuc cun thep
geng ve suo: um such, kch thch, kem sout cut
- Kem sout geng trong qou trnh khoun vu khu thuc phoc
tup
- Nhuy cum do vo dut du khong dong nhut vu d hoong
kbo kban vc kinb tc
- Ch ph khoun geng bun duo cuo hon so vo geng ngung,
vu geng thong thoong
- Xuc sout ro ro cuo hon geng thong thoong
- lhu xuc dnh vu ou chon do toong thch hop
oi toong ong dong coa gicng da nbanb
- Cuc vu duo nung
- Cuc vu co do thum thup vu cuc khe not to nhen
- Cuc do phun op huy nhong thunh he khong dong nhut
- Cuc vu b cuch y thunh tong ngun
- Cuc vu ve tnh
Nbong van dc can can nbac kbi Ioa cbon giai pbap
kboan va boan tbicn gicng da nbanb
- Lou chon he thong geng du nhunh thch hop
- lhun tch nhong ro ro co the xuy ru
- Cong nghe khoun dnh hoong
- Nhong vun de trong deo hunh th cong geng
- 1nh on dnh vu duc dem cou dut du trong thunh he
nhunh khoun geng
- Anh hoong tnh but dong nhut vu but dung hoong cou
hunh he
- Ky thout houn then geng pho hop
- Do doun ve dong sun phum trong toun bo geng du
nhunh
Fban Ioai gicng da nbanb
Fban Ioai tbco moc do pboc tap
Dou theo moc do phoc tup cou geng tno tep xoc gou
thun chnh vu thun nhunh) th he thong geng du nhunh
dooc chu um 6 cup do:
Cap 1 : cu thun geng chnh vu thun nhunh deo u
geng thun trun, khong co ong oc ong houc duo no re
nhunh
Ceng dooc so dong trong thunh he co ket vong chuc,
duc bet u tu no re nhunh. Khu nung cun thep vuo
geng vu kem sout dong chuy u rut hun che
Cap 2 : thun geng chnh dooc chong ong vu trum x mung
con nhunh ben vun de thun trun huy co the treo vuo nhunh
ben ong oc ong co cuc runh du vu hep huy dong duo no
co hoc
- Ceng ou nuy dho phep cun thep vuo geng chnh de
dung vu cu then khu nung phoc ho nhunh ben.
- Nhunh ben de thun trun nen khong co khu nung phun tuch
dong chuy huy buo toun up sout qou nhunh re. Lou geng
nuy rut thong dong cho thunh he curbonute huy thunh he set
on dnh tkhong cun cuc thet b kem sout cut)
Cap 3 : Ve co bun toong to nho ou geng cup 2, nhong nhunh
ben cong chong ong nhong khong trum x mung.
- Ong chong ong huy ong oc dooc dou vuo nhunh ben vu neo
trong thun chnh nho duo treo ong chong ong
- Lou geng nuy khong co khu nung cuch y mot cuch cho dong
gou thun chnh vu thun nhunh, nhong no ket no khu heo qou
gou thun nhunh vu thun chnh so vo ou geng cup 2
- Lou geng nuy thch hop de khu thuc ket hop cuc tung
curbonute huy cuc thunh he cut ket
Cap 4 : 1hun geng chnh vu thun nhunh deo dooc chong
ong vu trum x mung
- Ong chong ong trong thun nhunh dooc trum x mung en
vuo thun chnh tuo do ben co hoc rut cuo
- Lou geng nuy thch hop cho cuc tung sun phum co up sout
thup
- Ceng cup 4 khong co khu nung ngun cuch up sout, nhong
co the cun thep vuo geng chnh un nhunh ben thoun o
hon
Cap S: Lou geng nuy u so ket hop cou geng cup 3 vu 4
- Co cuc thet b cuch y up sout tu no tep xoc gou ong
chong trong thun chnh vu ong ong o thun nhunh
- Lou geng nuy thch hop cho khu thuc cuc tung sun phum
reng bet co up sout cuo huy dem re nhunh num trong tung
sun phum cun co nhong thet b ngun up sout huy phun tuch
chut oo vu tup chut co hoc trong vu
- Khu nung cun thep vuo geng u de dung
Cap 6: Lou geng nuy co khu nung ngun cuch up sout bung
chnh bun thun ong chong dooc trum x mung cuch y mu
khong so dong cuc thet b houn then
-Lou geng cup 6 thch hop cho cuc vu cun ngun up sout vo
ong chong co doong knh on, tu nhong vong ben suo
- Do chenh up tu duo re nhunh se rut khuc nhuo, pho thooc
vuo keo cong nho kch thooc cou duo no
Cap 6S : u ou geng co moc phoc tup cuo hon cup 6
- Dong thet b duo no re nhunh duc bet chu thun geng
chnh doong knh on thunh 2 thun geng nhunh nho hon vu
co kch thooc bung nhuo
- Ve mut cuo troc houn then geng th cup 6S co do phoc
tup cuo nhut. Nhong ben cunh do cup 6S u co khu nung
cuch y up sout vu thoy oc cuo nhut
Fban Ioai tbco cboc nang
- Dou vuo 2 yeo to: cuc mo ta vc tban gicng vu mo ta dao
noi - Cuch phun ou nuy mo tu ve nhong duc tnh ky thout
cou thun geng chnh vu thun geng nhunh
Cac bo dong co do
Tbict b| do Iog trong kbi kboan (tWD)
1het b nuy do cuc thong so ve du chut, duc tnh vut
y cou dut du thunh he dung khoun qou tdo buo hou
hydrocucbon, thunh phun thuch hoc)
So eo L\D dooc dong de dunh gu tro oong vu, chut
oong thunh he
Tbict b| do trong kbi kboan (MWD)
1het b nuy do cuc thong so nho: goc phoong v, goc
ngheng, goc doc Hu thong so co bun u goc phoong
v vu goc ngheng cou o khoun se gop deo chnh
choong khoun d theo qoy duo du thet ke mot cuch
heo qou
Cuo troc cou bo dong co duy
Tel : 84-8-8654086
CONG NGHF
HOAN THlFN GlFNG A NHANH
kbai nicm va dac dicm
Houn then geng buo gom nhong cong tuc no tep nhuo ke
to kh ket thoc qou trnh khoun den kh co the dou geng vuo
khu thuc. Nhong cong tuc co bun buo gom:
Chong ong khu thuc den v tr thet ke tu noc tung
sun phum
1rum x mung vuo doun ong chong du dut
Lup dut cuc thet b cong nghe cun thet phoc vo cho
cong tuc khu thuc
Co dong sun phum, tuo kenh dun cho chut oo to vu
chuy vuo duy geng vo oo oong thch hop
Cac pboong pbap boan tbicn gicng da nbanb
Cac pboong pbap va tbict b| boan tbicn tbong tboong
- 1rong houn then geng du nhunh th vec houn then cuc nhunh ben
cong rut qoun trong. Co 3 phoong phup de houn then cuc thun nhunh
cou geng du nhunh ket hop vo he thong cuc duo no re nhunh:
1hun nhunh ben co the dooc houn then thun trun
Chong ong vu trum x mung vu bun mo vu ong chong
Houn then vo cuc ong khu thuc doc o co oo oc chen so
- Nguy nuy trong huo het cuc geng du nhunh, mo en ket gou thun
nhunh vu thun chnh deo dou tren chut oong cou x mung trum de tuo
nen nhong so ket no tot vo khu nung cuch y cuo.
- Kh houn then geng ket hop so dong nhong he thong duo no re
nhunh nuy th se trunh dooc hen toong soy gum doong knh trong theo
cuc cup ong chong vu khu thuc
Vo nhong geng co thun geng nhunh nho hon houc bung 6
nch th he thong thet b houn then geng buo gom:
He thong bun mo o tren ong chong vun hunh thong
qou coed tobng
Duo treo ong ong
lucker khu thuc
1het b kem sout dong chuy
Hc tbong ban mo va: nhong munh von cou qou trnh bun mo vu co the
gum do thum heo dong dun den vec hun che dong chuy. Vo vec so
dong he thong bun mo vu doo cun bung dooc thu bung tobng 2 l/8
nch se gum theo khu nung um nheo bun tung sun phum.
kicm soat dong cbay : he thong buo gom cuc ong troot tsdng seeves),
nppe, vu cuc not cun vun hunh tren tobng huy coed tobng vo up
sout vu nhet do en den l0.000 ps vu 450
o
l. Cuc thet b nuy co the dut
tu but co v tr nuo trong thun nhunh vu co the tho ho dooc
Tbict b| Ioc cat : co the up dut trong cuc thun nhunh num ngung, thun
geng nhunh co bun knh cong nho, phoc ho huy xo y geng
Mot so tbict b| boan tbicn tban nbanb ticn ticn
Expandable Completion Liner (ECL)
- 1ung tnh on dnh cou thunh geng, tuo khu nung cuch y vu xo y coc bo nhong
doun geng xuc dnh.
- Cho phep cun thep vuo geng vo khu nung qoun y vu heo qou hon.
- LCL dooc ket hop vo he thong treo ong ong tLner Hunger System) vu dou tren
ngoyen tuc gun no ong nho up sout thoy oc. LCL co the gun no trong khoung to
2 7/8 nch cho den 5 nch toy theo ong choun bun duo.
- Vec ong dong LCL trong khu thuc u gum dooc oong nooc vu xum nhup vu
tung sun oong khu thuc
-1het b LCL thch hop cho cuc geng du nhunh co doong knh nho tvun hunh
kho khun hon so vo geng thong thoong)
- LCL so dong trong geng du nhunh khong b go hun bo cheo suo vu do du
cou thun nhunh trong tung sun phum. He thong LCL gop coc du hou doong
knh trong cou cuc thet b khu thuc, nho vuy to oo hou dooc qou trnh khu thuc
suo nuy
Mot so tbict b| boan tbicn tban nbanb ticn ticn
EXPressTM Expandable ScreenS
He thong thet b cou uker Hoghes gop tet kem ch ph houn then geng du
nhunh. Lxpress1M up dong trong geng du nhunh thun trun se gop cho geng co
nhong duc tnh ky thout nho u geng dooc chong ong soot vu trum x mung. He
thong duc bet nuy ket hop ong oc cut co khu nung gun no texpundube sund
contro souton) vo duo no cuch y coc bo ong vo khu nung gun no tsod
expundube zonu souton) vu cong dooc thu vuo duy thun geng nhunh.
|o dem cou he thong nuy u:
Ch so sun phum khu thuc tot hon
1ung too tho cho geng
Ngun ngou so ho hu cou thunh he
Cum dong chuy vu gum up trong vunh xoyen
1ung do ben vu do on dnh cou thunh geng
Co the houn then geng vo doong knh trong on hon nen geng du
nhunh khu thuc se heo qou hon, tuo khu nung cuch y coc bo
Co the so dong dong dch houn then geng goc duo huy goc nooc
Cong ngbc boan tbicn gicng da nbanb cac cap
Gicng cap 1: vuo nhong num l980, kh cong nghe khoun ngung phut
tren th keo houn then geng du nhunh cup l tro nen pho ben. Khong
cun cuc thet b mo cou so ong chong, ong ong, cuc thet b kem sout
dong chuy khu thuc vu cong khong dooc trum x mung.
Gicng cap 2: keo houn then geng cup 2 thong dong nhut u dut ong
troot tsdng seeve) gou pucker dnh hoong vu pucker tho hu phu tren
v tr re nhunh- Khu nung tuch dong to cuc geng nhunh cong u oo dem
cou keo houn then nuy.
- Neo cun khu nung cun thep vuo cuc nhunh th thuy v so dong ong
troot co the so dong nppe. 1het b nuy um do hoong trong ong khu
thuc se dooc dut trong nppe nuy thnh u). Coed tobng suo do co the
um vec thong qou nppe de phoc vo cong tuc sou geng.
Ngou ru co the so dong mung xen lov throogh vu ong ong co nhong
runh du dooc dut o nhunh tren thong cou so ong chong thnh b).
Hoan tbicn gicng cap 2
Gicng cap 3: ong chong ong dooc trum
x mung vu dooc no vuo thun geng
chnh du chong ong vu trum x mung
cong vo mung xen, suo do ten hunh
rou geng vu tho ho mung xen.
- Cuc thun nhunh dooc houn then
bung cuc he thong cho phep cun thep
vuo geng huy he thong ong troot co
cong duc tnh ky thout nho geng cup 2
phu tren.
- oy trnh trum x mung vu rou ong
chong ong u mot phun trong qoy trnh
up dut he thong duo no re nhunh
Gicng cap 4 : de houn then geng du nhunh cup 4 gom 2 nhunh reng
bet, l pucker cuch y dooc dut trong ong chong ong cou thun nhunh
-1het b houn then re nhunh 2 thun kep tdou-bore dverter too) dooc
dut tren pucker dnh hoong
- l nhunh cou thet b gun vo pucker dnh hoong trong thun geng
chnh, nhunh con u hoong vuo thun nhunh vu no vuo pucker cuch y
thoy oc
- Suo do l pucker kep dooc dut vuo phu tren thet b houn then kep
phu tren cou so re nhunh. Nho vuy trong geng co 3 dem dooc bt kn
cuch y houn toun co the cho dooc moc chenh up en den 5000 ps
- Dong sun phum co the dooc kem sout tdong huy mo) nho vuo he thong
vun trong choo ong khu thuc mu khong cun so dong cuc not cuch y
duy geng houc ong troot tum tho
Cuc keo houn then geng cup 4
a. Khai thac rieng biet; b. Khai thac ket hp c. He thong Downhole SplitterTM
Dong d|cb boan tbicn gicng (DriII-in FIoid)
Cuc dong dch dr-n lod tDll) dooc thet ke duc bet cho ong dong
khoun tuo nhunh cou geng du nhunh.
l- lLklLO\ tDll): rut thch hop cho thunh he cut ket, buo ve chuc
chun cho tung sun phum vu cuc op vo set tuo ru de dung b rou tro bo
dong sun phum d en.
- 1het ke so dong trong cuc vu up sout bnh thoong houc soy gum
nheo. Heo qou trong vec tu tuo dong chuy cou sun phum tro u trong
cuc thun geng du b ho hu.
2- CLLAk-DklLLSM: He dong dch khong co nhong hut run to do ket
hop mu dong moo co do hou tun cuo de buo ve tung sun phum nen
thch hop cho qou trnh tuo nhunh. V khong so dong uxt hou tun nen
khong phu hoy thunh he.
3- lOLOSLSM90: cong gong nho CLLAk-DklLLSM nhong vo duc tnh
oo ben thup vu do bo tron cuo nen khong the dup ong dooc nhong
deo ken khoun khuc nghet tyeo cuo khong mut dong dch vu hun che
thunh tuo nho toong trong qou trnh tuo nhunh).
kFT tAN
- Cong nghe khoun du nhunh u so tch hop cou cuc cong nghe ten ten
nhut trong geng dong, geng dnh hoong vu nhong ky thout hen du
thooc mot so nh voc khuc
- |ng dong cou geng du nhunh u rut du dung to cuc hout dong thum
dokhu thuc, phut tren mo den phoc ho cuc geng co
- Cong nghe nuy gop cu then ch so khu thuc, nung cuo he so tho ho
duo, tung heo qou bom ep so vo cuc geng thong thoong
- Vo cong nghe khoun vu houn then geng du nhunh, co the tet kem
dooc rut nheo ch ph duo to cong nho ch ph vun hunh khu thuc. 1nh
heo qou cou cong nghe nuy u mot duc dem no but so vo cuc cong
nghe khoun troyen thong khuc
1oy nhen, de dut dooc nhong heo qou th thet ke cong nho th cong
geng phu thut khou hoc vu ch tet, chon ou up dong vuo nhong do
toong pho hop
Nhong vun de cun xem xet kh thet ke he thong geng khoun du nhunh
u:
- Do toong u cuc geng co huy geng mo : Vo cuc geng mo buo go
cong tuo dooc moc do nh hout trong thet ke vu khong pho thooc vuo
cuc thet b hen co. Nen so dong he thong phun tch dem not trong
khu thuc vu mo hnh hou vu de co the tnh toun dooc nhong thong so
to oo cho vec thet ke geng khoun du nhunh
- Duo no re nhunh dooc so dong dou tren cuc yeo cuo ve do ben co hoc,
khu nung buo toun up sout cho nhong thun nhunh, ong sout cou thunh he
vu khu nung cun thep vuo cuc thun geng nhunh suo nuy
- Nhong heo bet ve tung sun phum u rut qoun trong, duc bet u do vo
cong tuc khoun thum do huy phut tren cuc geng mo trong nhong kho
voc houn toun mo.
kFT tAN
Tel : 84-8-8654086
CNG NGH BN M VA
NI DUNG TRNH BY
Khi nim
Mc ch
Cc thng s bn m va
Qui trnh bn m va
Kt lun
KHI NIM BN M VA
Bn m va l qui trnh c thng cc l trn thnh
ng chng, vnh ximng v thng su vo
thnh h nhm to knh dn vo y ging
MC CH BN M VA
Sau qu trnh trm ximng ct ng chng, tng cha b
cch ly hon ton y ging. c dng sn phm,
phi to knh dn lin thng t va vo y ging khai
thc. Theo knh dn ny, cht lu s i vo ging
ging khai thc. Nh vy, bn m va l nhm mc
ch to knh dn cho php cht lu t va chy vo
ging khai thc.
M HNH VNG BN M VA
CC THNG S BN M VA
Vic bn m va to knh dn cho cht lu chy vo ging
nhng cng c th gy nhim bn thnh h, gim thm
ca t vy quanh
V vy, cng tc bn m va i hi phi c thit k hp
l nhm khai thc hiu qu, duy tr p sut va v tng
cng h s thu hi du. S hp l c th hin qua vic
xc nh cc thng s bn m va.
CC THNG S BN M VA
1. Mt l bn
2. Chiu su xm nhp
3. ng knh l bn
4. Gc pha
MT L BN
Mt l bn l s l bn trn 1 feet chiu di ca
sng, chiu tt c l bn ln ng sinh ca sng th s
l bn trn 1 ft chiu di.
Thng thng mt l bn l 4 l/feet. Nu thnh h
yu th gim xung 2 l/feet. c bit i vi thnh h
cht st t ct th mt c th ti 24 l/feet.
Mt l bn ln th sn lng khai thc nhiu v
ngc li. Tuy nhin, mt l bn qu ln d dn n
nguy c lm yu ct ng chng v sp l thnh h.
CHIU SU XM NHP
Chiu su xm nhp
l khong cch t
thnh ging n cui
khe nt (do n bn
m va hay p lc do
khi thuc n, tia thy
lc) gy ra trong
thnh h.
NG KNH L BN
- ng knh l bn l ng knh nhng l trn
ng chng do s ph hy ca sng bn gy ra.
- ng knh ny ph thuc vo loi sng, loi
n v yu cu ca cng tc bn m va.
GC PHA
- Gc pha bn l gc lch gia hai hng l bn
gn nhau.
- Gc pha thay i t 0
0
180
0
ty theo loi sng,
mt l bn v tnh cht thnh h
QUI TRNH BN M VA
1. Cc phng php ko th sng bn m va
2. Cc phng php bn m va
Ko th bng cp trong ng chng
- Sng c th bng cp
trc khi th ct ng khai
thc, l bn v chiu su
xm nhp ln.
- Cp uc iu khin trn b
mt, c dn qua rng rc,
sng bn va c ni vo
cp v th qua thit b chng
phun b mt xung ging.
Hn ch: kh vn hnh i vi
ging ngang v ging c gc
lch ln
Ko th bng cp trong ng khai thc
- Sng c th vo trong ct ng khai thc.
Sau lp t mt paker trn vng bn
m va.
u im: cho php khai thc ngay sau khi
bn
Hn ch:
+ kch thc sng b gii hn nn mt
bn m va v chiu su xm nhp cng gii
hn.
+ hn ch trong ging khoan ngang v ging
c lch ln.
Ko th bng ng khai thc
- Sng c gn vo di
ng khai thc v th vo cng
vi ng khai thc. Khi kch n,
mt phn hoc ton b sng
b rt xung phn rn ging.
u im: thun li trong
ging khoan nh hng
Hn ch: chi ph cao
c bng n
- Loi n c tc dng bn ni tip:
lm gim tc ng ca p lc ln ng
chng v gi c ng chng khi b
bin dng, nt n.
- Loi n c tc dng bn tch bit:
bn tng vin theo th t. Dng bn
trong cc va mng v c xen k cc
tng cha nc hoc st.
- su xm nhp: 2.5m
Hn ch: mt nng lng rt nhanh
Loai an co tac dung ban tng loat. VD: Loai an co ng knh
84mm va 98mm. Loai an nay tao ap lc 700 kg/cm
3
va nhiet o
lam viec gan 127
0
C.
Ngoai ra con dung an co cha thuoc no pha. Loai nay lam tang
them kha nang uc m va c s dung co hieu qua e ban nhng
va day.
Ngoai ra ta con co cac loai an nh: Loai an co tac dung ban noi
tiep va loai co tac dung ban tach biet.
Nhc iem: Mat nang lng rat nhanh khi tac ong cua an len ong
chong.
Ban bang an s dung nhng ni co at a va vanh tram xi mang
xung quanh ong chong yeu.
c bng n
c bng tia xuyn
- c bng tia xuyn l nh cht to n v c sc
xuyn ph rt mnh.
-Vn tc tia n 8.000 10.000 m/s vi p lc to
ra l 300 triu kG/cm
2
.
- su xm nhp t c l: 30m
Doc bung tu xoyen u nho chut tuo no tuo thunh nhong tu xoyen co
soc xoyen phu munh.
Vun toc cou nhong tu no nuy khoung 8000-l0000 m/s. Vo up oc kh
tu tuc dong en choong ngu vut u 300 treo kg/cm
3
. Nho vuy tu nuy
co do xoyen vo cong on.
Doc bung tu xoyen cho phep mo vu buo dum vu tung them do thum
thuo cou vu nho tuo thunh nhong khe suo vuo vu.
Kho oong cou chut guy no tuo tu xoyen khoung 25-50g. Do duy coc
du cou nhong khoung bun mo vu tuo tu xoyen dut dooc 30m. Chnh
v vuy mu phoong phup nuy dooc so dong khu pho ben.
Doc o bung tu xoyen dooc so dong hop y o nhong op dut du cong
trong deo ken kho thong geng vu vu gup nheo kho khun.
c bng tia xuyn
QU TRNH N CA NGI N
c bng mn (hoc bng n lm)
- Loi n ny khc loi n
trn ch c u lm
(ng li) vi tc dng n
chm. u n lm phng
ra c ct ng chng v
vnh trm ximng ri i
tip su vo va n v
to thnh nhng khe rnh
ph.
- su xm nhp: 1m
c bng tia thy lc - ct
-Tia thy lc ct c to ra bi hn hp nc ha ln vi ct cng c
phng qua chui ming thit b phun vi p sut 1500 3000 kG/cm
2.
- S bin i p sut sang ng nng truyn cho cc phn t ct vi vn tc
chuyn ng v cng ln tc ng ln thnh ng, sau xuyn qua thnh ng
ng thi c thng vnh trm ximng v tip tc xuyn su vo cc lp t
.
- Cc thng s lm vic:
ng knh ct: 0.2 -1.2 mm
T l ct trong nc: 50 200 g/l
Vn tc c ng chng v t : 0.6 0.9 mm/s
Cng sut my bm: 50 70 MPa
-Cht lng dng bn tia thy lc: dung dch mui axt 5 -6% c x l cht
chng n mn.
Hn ch: cn khi lng thit b k thut cng sut ln, cng tc chun b vi
qui m ln, s lng ngi tham gia nhiu
Phng phap nay nc hoa lan vi cat cng co tnh mai mon cao c
phong qua chuoi mieng phun khoang 8 voi cua thiet b phun vi ap suat
t 1500-3000kg/cm
3
.
S bien oi ap suat sang ong nang chuyen cho cac phan t cat vi van
toc chuyen ong vo vung ln tac ong len thanh ong chong roi sau o
xuyen qua thanh ong roi ong thi uc thung vanh tram xi mang roi tiep
tuc xuyen sau vao cac lp at a cua va
Mieng cua thiet b phun cat c che t hp kim rat cng BK-6 e co the
chong lai nhng tac ong mai mon cua nhng tia nc lan vi cat phun
ra. ng knh cua lo phun khoang 3-6mm.
Cac thong so:
Cat co ng knh t 0,2-1,2mm
Ty le cat trong nc 50-200g/lt ( so lng cat khoang 8-10 tan)
Van toc uc ong chong va at a 0,6-0,9mm/s
Khi tien hanh ban thuy lc cat, s dung thiet b mieng gieng tieu chuan vi ap
suat lam viec at ti 70 MPa va cac may bm tram xi mang vi ap suat ln
(thng la 50-70 MPa) e bm ep hon hp chat long cat.
Hon hp chat long cat c chuan b trong mang tron cat co the tch cha cat
khoang 10m
3
va ay hnh pheu. Phia di cua may tron cat co gan dung cu
khuay. Van toc khuay tron t 13,5-267 vong/phut vi khoi lng bm cat t 3,4
en 676kg/phut tng ng.Ngoai ra may tron cat co gan them may bm ap
suat thap e chuyen hon hp cat-chat long. Toan bo may bm c at tren xe
oto tai hang nang( nhng mo tren at lien ) hoac c at tren san tau chuyen
dung khi tien hanh ngoai khi.
Ngoai ra tren he thong thiet b mieng gieng con co cac thiet b loc chu ap suat
ln e loc nhng phan t at a co kch thc ln ngan nga s tac nghen cua
voi phun trong qua trnh ban tia thuy lc cat. Khoi lng cat la 50-200kg oi vi
1m
3
chat long bm ep. Chat long dung e ban tia thuy lc-cat thng la dung
dch muoi axt co nong o khoang 5-6% a c x ly bi chat chong an mon.
u iem cua phng phap nay la tao c nhng khe nt co be mat sach, bao
toan va tang them o tham cua vung lan can ay gieng.
Nhc iem la can thiet b ky thuat co cong suat ln, cong tac tien hanh va
chuan b tren quy mo ln, so lng ngi tham gia nhieu nen dan ti gia thanh
cho phng phap nay cao.
KT LUN
- Phn ln cc ging khai thc du kh trn th gii c kiu hon thin ging
chng ng sut v trm ximng. Lc ny, cht lu b ngn cch vi ging
khai thc bi vnh trm ximng v ng chng. c c nhng dng sn
phm khai thc ta phi to ra nhng knh dn cho php cht lu i vo
ging. Vic to knh dn l cng tc bn m va.
- Chnh v th, cng tc bn m va c vai tr quan trng trong vic khai thc
du kh. Bn m va hp l s dn ti sn lng khai thc ln nhng vn
duy tr p sut va v tng h s thu hi du.
- Mt kha cnh cn phi xem xt ca cng tc bn m va l vic lm gim
thm xung quanh l bn. S gim thm ny ch yu do s bt nht
cc mnh vn trong qu trnh bn m va. V vy, cng vic m ta ch nht
l lm th no lm sch nhng vt liu vn cn st li bt nht trong cc
l bn ph?
Tel : 84-8-8654086
KHAO SA1 DO NHAY C|A
CAC 1HONC SO AN MO VlA NH
lH|ONC lHAl lHAN 1lCH DlLM N|1
Mo hnh bn m vu
lhun on cuc geng tren the go deo co keo houn then geng vo ong
chong soot vu trum x mung.
Nguy suo kh trum x mung cot ong chong khu thuc, tung chou b cot
ong chong vu vunh du x mung bt kn nen phu ten hunh bun mo vu
de duo vu kh co the chuy vuo geng. un mo vu hop y se dun to
khu thuc knh te duo vu kh, doy tr up sout vu vu tung coong he so
tho ho duo.
1oy nhen vec bun mo vu cong um gum do thum cou dut du vuy
qounh,vu co unh hoong den vec khu thuc suo nuy.
Cuc thong so bun mo vu:
Mut do o bun
Cheo suo xum nhup
Doong knh o bun
Coc phu
Moc dch bun mo vu
Mat do Io ban
Dong vao
Dong ra
P
wf
q
N
1
N
2
>N
1
N
3
>N
2
Cuc doong duc tnh
Cbico sao xam nbap
oong knb Io ban
P
1
= P
r
- P
wfs
= Loss in reservoir
P
2
= P
wfs
- P
wf
= Loss across completion
P
3
= P
wf
- P
wh
= Loss in tubing
P
4
= P
wh
- P
sep
= Loss in flowline
P
r
P
e
P
wfs
P
wf
P
1
= (P
r
- P
wfs
)
P
2
= (P
wfs
- P
wf
)
P
3
= P
wf
- P
wh
P
4
= (P
wh
- P
sep
)
P
sep
Sales line
Gas
Liquid
Stock tank
P
T
= P
r
- P
sep
= Total pressure loss
Co so Iy tboyct pban tcb dicm not
- lhoong phup phun tch dem not tNODAL unuyss)
thoong dooc ong dong trong vec phun tch duc tnh cou
he thong gom nheo bo phun toong tuc un nhuo
- He thong much den, mung oo doong ong huy bom y
tum co the dooc phun tch theo phoong phup nuy
- lhoong phup phun tch dem not dooc Cbert ong dong
trong geng khu thuc duo ten vuo num l954 vu suo do
dooc Nnd tl964) vu rovn tl978) phut tren
t|cb so
Co so y thoyet phun tch dem not
- No dong cou phoong phup u ou chon mot dem not
trong he thong khu thuc vu phun tch he thong tu not nuy
- Duo vuo cou not gom cuc bo phun to vu sun phum den
not, con duo ru cou not gom cuc bo phun to not den meng
geng
- Mo en he gou oo oong vu up sout trong tong bo phun
cou he thong khu thuc dooc xuc dnh tu tong not xuc dnh.
- Loo oong chut oo d qou mot not trong he thong dooc xuc
dnh kh thou mun cuc yeo cuo suo:
+ Loo oong vuo phu bung oo oong ru
+ Ch ton tu mot gu tr up sout tu not
Anb boong coa cac tbong so ban mo va cn dong cbay
to va vao gicng
1- Anb boong coa doi ncn cp (Crosbcd-zonc)
1hunh khe not b nen chut nen gum do thum
2- Anb boong doi nbicm ban
- Do b gum do thum do qou trnh khoun houc nhong tuc
dong co hoc trong houn then geng
- Do duy cou do nuy kho dooc xuc dnh mot cuch chnh xuc
bung tho nghem khu thuc, do vrene
Mo hnh bun mo vu
- Yeo to unh hoong den sun oong khu thuc u he so skn S:
S=S
k
+ S
l
+S
p
1rong do:
S
k
he so unh hoong cou thunh he
S
l
he so unh hoong cou dong dch d choyen trong vu
S
p
he so unh hoong cou qou trnh bun mo vu
- 1hunh phun S
p
guy cun tro dong chuy trong vu do bun mo
vu
- Kh cheo suo xum nhup vu doong knh o bun on se um
tung sun oong khu thuc
Anb boong coa cac tbong so ban mo va
dcn dong cbay to va vao gicng
Cac kico boan tbicn gicng
Co 3 keo houn then geng:
Houn then geng thun trun
Houn then geng bung ong chong tsoot
houc ong), trum x mung vu bun mo vu
Houn then geng bung bun mo vu co en
so
So dong pboong pbap dicm not dc kbao
sat cac tbong so trong tnb toan boan
tbicn gicng bang ong cbong (soot boac
Iong), tram xi mang va ban mo va
Heo sout bun mo vu
- 1rong thet ke houn then geng bung bun mo vu, vun de
qoun trong nhut u xuc dnh heo sout bun mo vu
- Heo sout bun mo vu u khu nung dun oo chut to vu vuo
geng suo kh houn then
- Heo sout nuy pho thooc vuo mut do o bun, doong knh o
bun, do suo xum nhup cou o bun, moc do nhem bun xong
qounh o bun vu goc phu bun
-Dun tuo up sout se tuo xong qounh o bun mot vong co do thum gum
tvong b nen ep)
- Vong b nen ep nuy guy ton thut up sout cou dong chuy on
Vong nen ep
Heo qou cou phoong phup houn then geng bung ong
chong, trum x mung vu bun mo vu pho thooc vuo cu hu
thunh phun: vu vu o bun:
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
2 2 2
R wf R p o R p o
R wf R p sc R p sc
p p A A q B B q
p p A A q B B q
+
= + + +
= + +
Heo qou cou phoong phup houn then geng
1hunh phun chuy tung trong o bun cho unh hoong cou mut
do vu keo o bun, unh hoong cou so nen chut xong qounh o
bun vu dooc tnh theo cuc phoong trnh suo:
- Do vo duo:
- Do vo kh:
( )
141.2 .
.
o o
p p dp
oR
B
A S S
k h
= +
( )
1422 . .
.
g
p p dp
gR
Z T
A S S
k h
= +
He so A
p
- Neo do eo ve cuc o bun duy do th co the tnh dooc S
p
vu S
dp
- S
p
pho thooc vuo mut do o bun, cheo du o bun, doong knh o bun,
goc phu bun, bun knh geng, do thum vong b nhem bun, ty so do thum
doc vu ngung, bun knh vong nhem bun
- Sp cong co the xuc dnh to beo do cou Locke. Sudkovsk dou ru cong
thoc xuc dnh nho suo:
0,5
1 ln 2
R
p
p w v
k h h
S
h r k

=

He so S
p
He so
p
- McLeod dou ru phoong trnh de tnh unh hoong cou dong chuy doc
theo vong b nen ep nho suo:
Do vo duo:
Do vo kh:
h cheo du tong cong cou vu, lt
L
p
cheo du o bun, lt
N tong so o bun
k
k
do thum cou vu, md
k
dp
do thum vong b nen ep, md
r
p
bun knh o bun, n
r
dp
bun knh vong b nen ep, n
- lhun ton thut up sout on nhut doc theo o bun u dong chuy ro tph
Durcy) qou vong b nen ep.
12
2 2
3,161.10 . . .
. .
dp g
p
p p
ZT
B
r L N

=
- He so vun toc dooc tnh to he so thum vong b nen ep theo
phoong trnh:
- Nheo ben trong phoong trnh houn then geng bung bun
mo vu rut kho xuc dnh nho: do thum vong choyen tep, bun
knh vong b nen ep, cheo du o bun vu bun knh vong
choyen tep. Mot vu thong so tren co the dooc xuc dnh to
do eo khuo sut All kl-43 cou cuc cong ty dch vo bun mo
vu
10
1,2
2, 33.10
dp
dp
k
=
He so
dp
McLeod de ngh tnh cuc he so suo nuy trong hu troong hop:
un mo vu trong geng duy dong dch khoun:
un mo vu trong geng duy nooc ben:
1rong do kc/kp nhun to do eo khuo sut All
dp
c
R
k
k
k k
=
dp
c
d
k
k
k k
=
He so k
dp
1rong troong hop khong co khuo sut tu cong co the xuc dnh
theo bung suo:
1 dooi can bang Ioo cbat Iy toong
0,3 0,S dooi can bang Ioo cbat sacb
0,08 0,16 trcn can bang nooc bicn kbong dooc Ioc
0,04 0,06 trcn can bang nooc bicn dooc Ioc
0,02 0,04 trcn can bang dong d|cb kboan co bam Ioong ran
tbap
0,01 0,03 trcn can bang dong d|cb kboan co bam Ioong ran
cao
k
c
/k
p
ico kicn ap soat Dong d|cb trong gicng
1y so k
c
/k
p
- McLeod khoyen cuo nen uy do duy vong b nen ep khoung
0,5 n, toc:
r
dp
= r
p
+ 0,5 tr
p
tnh bung n)
- Neo khong co thong tn ve bun knh vong choyen tep th
co the dong:
r
d
= r
v
+ l tvo r
v
tnh bung lt)
Cheo du vong nen ep r
dp
Co theo phun mem lpesm
- lpesm u phun mem cou Schomberger
- lhoong phup dem not u co so xuy dong phun mem nuy
vu dong de:
Xuy dong mo hnh dong chuy vu tm mo hnh phun unh do chnh xuc
cuo nhut cou vu
Dong de thet ke geng, he thong guslt,
Moc dch
Cou so nhup do eo
Cou so nhup do eo
Cou so nhup do eo
Cou so nhup do eo
Mo hnh lseodo Steudy Stute
Mo hnh lseodo Steudy Stute

Cong Nghe Khai Thac Dau Khi

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Cong Nghe Khai Thac Dau Khi

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

I HC QUC GIA THNH PH H CH MINH

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA

38 PGS. TS. L Phc Ho Cng ngh khai thc du kh

39 PGS. TS. L Phc Ho Cng ngh khai thc du kh

Cac tnb cbat coa dao tbo

Cac tnb cbat coa nooc va

62 PGS. TS. L Phc Ho Cng ngh khai thc du kh

Fhu0h0 TRhh hAh0 Lu0h0 T0h0 0uAT

Fhu0h0 TRhh hAh0 Lu0h0 T0h0 0uAT

Fhu0h0 TRhh hAh0 Lu0h0 T0h0 0uAT

Fhu0h0 TRhh hAh0 Lu0h0 T0h0 0uAT

Fhu0h0 TRhh hAh0 Lu0h0 T0h0 0uAT

128 PGS. TS. L Phc Ho Cng ngh khai thc du kh

: Loo oong phu ong tS1/d)

132 PGS. TS. L Phc Ho Cng ngh khai thc du kh

' ) / 472 . 0 [ln( . .

H S HON THIN GING

179 PGS. TS. L Phc Ho Cng ngh khai thc du kh

You might also like