4.

BEHAVIOUR OF REINFORCED CONCRETE

BEAM UNDER TORSION
Experiment done on 12/01/09
TEAM D MEMBERS
M. Santosh CE06B016
M.N.Rao CE06B017
Nikhil Jain CE06B018
Nikhilesh Hari CE06B020
Nikil kumar CE06B021
150 mm
4 nos 12 mm

8 mm

stirrup
s
Aim: To study the behavior of beam under torsion and also estimate the
ultimate torsion carrying capacity of the beam
Sketch of Experimental Setup:
Details of test specimen:

Apparatus Used:
Reinforced Concrete beam
Hydraulic Pressure Jack
Electronic load measuring device (Digital strain gauge)
Metal extrapolations used to mount the load
Two dial gauges
The dimensions of the reinforcement concrete beam are 2m long, 15 cm
wide and 20cm in height.The hydraulic pressure jack was used to apply
required amount of load at a distance of 1m from the centre of the beam &
thereby causing torsion in the beam. The other end of the beam is attached
150 mm
25
mm


1
5
0

m
m
4 nos 12 mm

8 mm

stirrup
s
100
mm


2
0
0

m
m
to a support, where the reaction equivalent to it occurs. This is measured
using digital strain gauge. The dial gauges are used to measure the
longitudinal deformation of the beam at a distance of 42.5 cm on either end.
The load is applied in the intervals of 25 kg (measured using the digital
strain gauge) till a crack pattern shows up on the beam.
Background:
There are two kinds of torsion present in Reinforced Concrete beams namely
Equilibrium & compatibility torsion. Equilibrium torsion is induced by eccentric
loading and equilibrium conditions suffice in determining the twisting moments.
Compatibility torsion is induced by the need for the member to undergo an angle
of twist to maintain deformation compatibility and the resulting twisting moment
depends on the torsional stiffness of the member.
Detailed observations:
The crack pattern on the beam
Table 1 : Readings from dial gauge.
Divisions
Load
(kg)
Dial
Gauge
Readings-
1
Dial
Gauge
Readings-
2


1
5
0

m
m


2
0
0

m
m
0
16
26
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
0
40
65
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
-48
-3
77
124
211
323
449
563
689
833
998
1366
1915
2526
-50
-13
68
110
185
296
505
607
717
819
1030
1175
1415
1465
Detailed Calculations:
1. Cracking torsion moment (torque):
2
,max
2 3
cr t
b b
T D
_


,
Where
,max
0.2
t ck
f
b = width of the beam in mm
D = depth of the beam in mm

ck
f
= characteristic compressive strength of concrete in N/mm
2
.
Use 0.8 f
cm
instead of f
ck
.
Table 2 - The strength of concrete cubes measured by compression testing
machine are tabulated below:
Compression
strength(MPa)
Sample1 25.724
Sample2 20.928
Sample3 17.876
Mean (F
cm
)=21.509Mpa
F
ck
=0.8*21.509=17.207;
b=15cm, d=20cm
Therefore, T
cr
=1399.99 GPa
2. Ultimate torsional moment:


1
5
0

m
m


2
0
0

m
m
( )
1 1
1 1
2
2
t yt l yl
ur
v
A f A f
T b d
s b d
_ _

' ;

+
, ,
Where
A
t
= area of cross section of one leg of stirrup=50.24mm
2
A
l
= area of cross section of longitudinal bar=113.04mm
2
b
1
= length of short leg of stirrup=100mm
d
1
= length of long leg of stirrup=150mm
f
yt
= yield strength of transverse steel = 250Mpa
f
yl
= yield strength of longitudinal steel = 415Mpa
s
v
= spacing of stirrups. = 65mm
Gives T
ur
=4039.37GPa
3.Calculation of Angle of Twist From Experimental Data.
Divisions
Load
(kg)
Torsion
(kN-m)
Angle of
Twist
(rad/mm)
0
16
26
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
0
40
65
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
0
40
65
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
0.00000
0.16931
0.14815
0.25397
0.50794
0.52910
1.22751
0.97354
0.63492
0.25397
0.71958
4.00000
10.53968
22.41270
Where,
Torsion (Nm) = Load (kg) 9.81 L
Length of the lever arm of load (L) = 1m
Angle of twist = (
2
-
1
) / L
b
Length of the beam (L
b
) = 1.35 m
4.Plot of Torque Vs Angle of twist:
Discussion:
We observe that T
cr
<T
ur.
From the graph it is evident that as the torsion
increases angle of twist increases.
The frictional losses could not be accounted for due to the presence of
only one output for the load cells.