K. Suneetha et al.

, IJSID, 2012, 2 (5), 498-501

ISSN:2249-5347

IJSID

International Journal of Science Innovations and Discoveries

Research Article

An International peer Review Journal for Science

Available online through www.ijsidonline.info

EFFECTS OF ENDOSULFAN AND FENVALERATE ON PYRUVATE OF THE FRESHWATER FISH, LABEO ROHITA (HAMILTON) Department of Biochemistry, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, AP, India Dr. K. Suneetha*, A. Suneel kumar and B. Naga Raju

Received: 14-04-2012 Accepted: 18-10-2012

*Corresponding Author

ABSTRACT endosulfan an organchlorine and fenvalerate a synthetic pyrethroid. The Freshwater fish Labeo rohita was exposed to two pesticides i.e.,

LC50 values determined for endosulfan and fenvalerate at 24 hrs were changes in the levels of pyruvate were reported in vital organs such as brain, gill, kidney, liver and muscle. Key words: Endosulfan, Fenvalerate, Pyruvate. INTRODUCTION

0.6876, 0.4749 gL-1 respectively. The 1/10th of 24 hrs, LC50 value of both the pesticides was selected as sublethal concentrations. The fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations for 24 hrs and 15 days and the

Address: Name: Dr.K.Suneetha Place: Department of Biochemistry, A.N.U, Guntur E-mail: suneetha_karyamsetty @ Yahoo.co.in

INTRODUCTION

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K. Suneetha et al., IJSID, 2012, 2 (5), 498-501 thereby changing the biochemical constituents of aquatic organisms. It is important to examine the toxic effect of pesticides on fish, as they constitute an important link in food chain and their contamination by pesticide imbalances the aquatic ecosystem, Fish also form an important part of human food. around the world in agriculture1. India is one of the major producers of endosulfan. In India alone, the agricultural consumption of endosulfan was estimated to be 5,200 metric tons in 1994-19952. have been used in agriculture for more than 30 years to control insect pests in a range of crops. Fenvalerate is one of the with pests3,4. pyrethroid insecticide and most widely used in agricultural crops such as cotton, paddy, jowar,maize, soyabean, tomato, ladys MATERIAL AND METHODS Synthetic pyrethriods are another type of pesticides; these are also toxic to aquatic organisms. Pyrethroid insecticides Endosulfan (C9H9Cl6O3S) is a chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide used to control pests in more than 60 countries Pollution of aquatic environment by pesticides, bring changes in the metabolic activities and alters physiological state INTRODUCTION

finger, cauliflower, tobacco and tea. But the use of this insecticide also tend to affect the biology of non-target species along 6-8 g weight were brought from a local fish farm and acclimatized at 28 2 0C in the laboratory for one week. The stock solutions for Endosulfan 35% Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC) and Fenvalerate 20% Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC) were prepared in 95% acetone to yield a concentration of 100mg/100ml which were further diluted with distilled water to get a was recorded. The dead fish were removed immediately. The toxic tests were conducted to choose the mortality range from noted. LC50 values were calculated by Finneys Probit analysis5. Estimation of Pyruvate Pyruvate level was measured according to Friedemann and Haugen6. working solution. The water used for acclimatization and conducting experiments was clear unchlorinated ground water. In

The freshwater fish Labeo rohita (Hamilton) is an edible and commercially valuable fish. Live fish of size 6-7 1cm and

each test ten fish were introduced in toxicant glass chambers with a capacity of ten liters. The data on the mortality rate of fish ten percent to ninety percent for 24 hrs in static tests. The concentration that produced fifty percent mortality in test species Tissue homogenate (50 mg.ml, w/v) was prepared in 10% TCA. Sodium pyruvate was taken as standard. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

both endosulfan and fenvalerate for 24h and 15 days, a decrease in pyruvate level were noticed during the exposure periods (Tables I-II). to sublethal concentrations of endosulfan and fenvalerate for 24h

Table I: Changes in the Pyruvate ( moles of pyruvate/g wet weight of tissue) in different tissues of Labeo rohita on exposure Endosulfan Fenvalerate Organs control Sub-Lethal % Change Sub-Lethal % Change Brain 6.15 0.02 4.94 0.03 19.67 4.75 22.76 Gill 5.51 0.02 4.53 0.02 17.78 4.33 21.41 Kidney 11.01 0.01 8.65 0.01 21.43 8.32 24.43 Liver 14.60 0.002 10.26 0.004 29.72 8.13 44.31 Muscle 12.24 0.01 9.28 0.002 24.18 8.38 31.53 Values are the means of five observations: () indicates the standard deviation values are significant at P > 0.05 International Journal of Science Innovations and Discoveries, Volume 2, Issue 5, September-October 2012

The results indicated that the tissues of fish brain, gill, kidney, liver and muscle tested at sublethal concentrations of

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K. Suneetha et al., IJSID, 2012, 2 (5), 498-501

16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Control S.L.E S.L.F.

Brain Gill Kidney Liver Muscle

Table II: Changes in the Pyruvate( moles of pyruvate/g wet weight of tissue) in different tissues of Labeo rohita on exposure to sublethal concentrations of endosulfan and fenvalerate for 15 days

Figure I: Changes in the Pyruvate ( moles of pyruvate/g wet weight of tissue) in different tissues of Labeo rohita on exposure to sublethal concentrations of endosulfan and fenvalerate for 24h

Endosulfan Fenvalerate Organs control Sub-Lethal % Change Sub- Lethal % Change Brain 4.05 0.5 3.80 0.005 6.17 3.12 0.01 22.96 Gill 3.03 0.03 2.85 0.005 5.94 2.52 0.005 16.83 Kidney 9.23 0.005 7.84 0.005 15.05 7.04 0.05 23.72 Liver 10.04 0.02 8.23 0.005 18.02 6.26 0.003 37.64 Muscle 9.43 0.01 7.98 0.005 15.37 7.03 0.005 25.45 Values are the means of five observations: () indicates the standard deviation values are significant at P > 0.05

12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Control S.L.E S.L.F.

Figure II: Changes in the Pyruvate ( moles of pyruvate/g wet weight of tissue) in different tissues of Labeo rohita on exposure to sublethal concentrations of endosulfan and fenvalerate for 15 days

Brain Gill Kidney Liver Muscle

mobilization of reduced co-enzymes to synthesise through electron transport system coupled by oxidative phosphorylation. International Journal of Science Innovations and Discoveries, Volume 2, Issue 5, September-October 2012

Decrease in pyruvate levels were observed in Labeo rohita under Cypermethrin toxicity. Significant decrease in pyruvate levels were observed under sublethal concentration of freshwater fish Channa punctatus after exposure to 24h and 96h of

Pyruvate is the resultant product of glycolysis,which undergoes oxidation and enters Krebs cycle. This is fallowed by

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dimethoate.7Decrement in levels of pyruvate were observed under methanolic extract of Euphorbia royleana latex Channa punctatus8 drop in aerobic segment. The decrease in pyruvate could be due to its conversion to lactate, or due to its mobilization to form amino acids, lipids, triglycerides and glycogen synthesis in addition to its role as a detoxification factor in ammonia toxicity9. CONCLUSION Labeo rohita, but comparatively fenvalerate treated fish tissues showed more decrement in pyruvate values this may be due to Pyrethroids are several orders of magnitude more toxic to fish than the other pesticides 10. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. REFERENCES Shafiq-ur-Rehman: Journal of toxicology., 3(1): 345-351,2006 partB, 2(2) : 157-163,2007. Vidal, M.L.J., Frias, M.M., Frenich, A.G., Olea-Serrano, F. and Olea, N: Rapid Commun.mass spectrum., 14, 939-946, 2000. Majumdar, T.N. and A. Gupta: J. Environ. Biol., 30, 469-470, 2009. S. Tiwari and A. Singh: Asian Fisheries Science. 16:147-155,2003. The decrease in pyruvate level suggests the possibility of a shift towards anaerobic dependence due to a remarkable

K. Suneetha et al., IJSID, 2012, 2 (5), 498-501

more pesticidal stress. Due to lipophilc nature of pyrethroids, biological membranes and tissues redily take up pyrethroids.

The present work indicates that both endosulfan and fenvalerate caused alterations in the pyruvate levels of fish

Babu Velmurugan, Mariadoss Selvanayagam, Elif Ipek Cengiz and Erhan Unlu: Journal of Environmental science and Health., Finney, D.J.: Probit Analysis. (3rd Edition), Cambridge University Press, London, 330 1971. Friedemann, T.E. and G.F. Haugen. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 144:67-77, 1943. Sambasiva Rao, K.R.S: Pesticide impact on fish metabolism. 129-149, 1999. P.K. Tripathi, V.K. Srivastava and A. Singh : Asian Fisheries Science., 16: 349-359,2003.

10. Oros, D.R., D. Hoover, F. Rodigari, D. Crane and J. Sericano. (2005): Environ. Sci. Tech., 39: 33-41.

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