Annotated Bibliography

Primary Sources:
Adolf Hitler.n.d. Photograph. Revision-GCSE Web. 16 Feb. 2013. <http://www.allinfo.org.uk/revision-gcse/nazi.htm>. This is a photo of Hitler in the early 40s speaking before a large crowd. The photo was helpful to us because it showed how fierce Hitler was and we used it on our page about the Nazi resistance.

Allied Invasion Force.1944. Photograph. Warfare Journal. Web. 8 Feb. 2013. <http://warfarejournals.blogspot.com>. This is a photo of troops as they prepared for the invasion. This photo gave us a better feeling of all the preparation necessary for the invasion and we used it to show how complex the invasion was. Atlantic Wall. 1943. Photograph. The Kings Academy. Web. 9 Feb. 2013. <http://www.kingsacademy.com>. This is a photo of the aerial reconnaissance photo of the D-Day landings. This was helpful because it helped us to better understand and illustrate the complicated defenses the Nazis put in place to defend against an invasion by the Allies. Atlantic Wall. 1943. Photograph. ARS Website. Web. 9 Feb. 2013. < http://www.saak.nl>. This is a photo of the dangerous defenses of Rommels Atlantic Belt, the Nazis defense against an Allied landing. This helped us illustrate how difficult it was for the Allied troops to land in France. Atlantic Wall. 1943. Photograph. Examiner. Web. 11 Feb. 2013. <http://www.examiner.com>. This is a photo of a gun that was part of the Atlantic wall. It gave us a better understanding of the enormous arms buildup Hitler had put in place is France and Belgium. We used it on our Nazi defense page. Babs. n.d. Photograph. The Times. Web. 9 Feb. 2013. <http://www.thetimes.co.uk>. This photo showed Agent Treasure's beloved dog, Babs. It showed us how cute Treasure's dog looked. We used it on the Meet the Agents page of our site. Churchill, Winston.The Threat of Nazi Germany Speech to Parliament. MP3. Archive.org. 16 Nov. 1934. 15 Feb. 2013. <http://archive.org/details/Winston_Churchill>. This audio clip is from Churchills famous speech to the UK Parliament encouraging Great Britain to arm itself against the dangers of Hitlers Germany. We used it on our home page because it set the tone for the scary future that Great Britain was facing. Churchill, Winston.Victory Over Europe Day Speech. MP3. Archive.org. 8 May 1945. 15 Feb. 2013. <http://archive.org/details/Winston_Churchill>.

This audio clip is from Churchills famous speech on the balcony of the Ministry of Health building where we declared Victory over Europe while the crowds cheered in the background. It started off with a BBC reporter describing Churchill in his famous bowler suit and top hat. We used it on our Long Term page to show that the Allies strategy was successful. Churchill, Winston.We Shall Never Surrender Speech to Parliament, MP3. Archive.org. 4 June 1940. 15 Feb 2013. <http://archive.org/details/Winston_Churchill>. This audio clip is from Churchills famous speech about British determination to fight the Nazis wherever necessary and never give up. We used it on our overall Operation FORTITUDE page to show how determined Churchill was to defeat Hitler. D-Day Storming. 1943. Photograph. Quadriva. Web. 26 Jan. 2013.<http://quadriva.com>. This is a photo of troops wading through the water to make it to the beach in Normandy. This dramatic photo helped us get a better idea of how difficult it was to land that day and we used it to show the landing. Deception Overlord. 1943. Digital image. Bulletin. Web. 8 Feb. 2013. <http://www.ww2f.com>. This is a map with the overall plan for Overlord listing bombing sites and path for fleets to meet at Piccadilly Circus before moving on to Normandy. This map was helpful and we used it to show how large and complicated the plan was and how difficult it was to manage. Dietrich, Marlene. "Lili Marleen." MP3. Archive.org. N.d.. 28 Feb. 2013. <http://archive.org/details/MarleneDietrich>. This was a recording of a popular song from the famous singer and actress Marlene Dietrich. Although she was born in Germany, she was loved by both the Nazi and Allied troops. We used it on our bibliography page because it demonstrated the music and feeling of the time. Dimbleby, Richard. BBC News Report on First Aircraft Taking Off. MP3. Archive.org. 5 June 1944. 15 Feb 2013. <http://archive.org/details/1944 Radio News>. This audio clip is of an airplane taking off for booming raids on the Normandy Coast. We used it on our Short Term page because it provided a good background sound. Duff, Robin. BBC News- On a Sealed Ship. MP3. Archive.org. 3 June 1944. 15 Feb 2013. <http://archive.org/details/1944 Radio News>. This audio clip is of BBC reporter Robin Duff from aboard one of the first ships headed to the Normandy coast. The recording gives the feeling of what it must have been like to be one of the first ships in the invasion. The reporters did not know where they were going until the ship had been sealed and no information could be shared with others outside of the ship. We used it on our Plan page. Dusko Popov. n.d. Photograph. PapaPedago. Web. 8 Feb. 2013. <http://www.papapedago.com> This is a photo of Popov, Agent TRICYCLE. This photo was useful for our section on the individual agents.

Drez, Ronald J. Voices of D-Day. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1994. Print. This book provided detailed information about the D-Day landing. It helped us understand how complicated Operation FORTITUDE was. It made the whole event seem very real and dangerous to us. Eisenhower, Dwight D. Eve of D-Day Speech to Troops. MP3. Archive.org. 3 June 1943. 15 Feb 2013. < http://archive.org/details/General_Eisenhower>. This audio clip is from Eisenhowers famous speech to the troops the night before the DDay invasion. We used it on our Nazi response page because it helps to show how Eisenhower tried to prepare the troops mentally for their mission the following day. Elvira de la Fuente Chaudoir. n.d. Photograph. The Times. Web. 9 Feb. 2013. <http://www.thetimes.co.uk>. This photograph showed Agent Bronx with her case officer. This photo was useful for our Meet the Agents section. Garbo in Disguise. 1942. Photograph. Lets Not Talk About Movies. Web. 8 Feb. 2013. <http://letsnottalkaboutmovies.blogspot.com>. This is a photo of Juan Pujol Garcia, Agent GARBO. This photo showed how Agent GARBO looked while in disguise as a Nazi agent. It was helpful to have a close up photo of GARBO and we used it in our section on the individual agents. Harris, Toms. Summary of the GARBO Case. 1941-1945. TS, Public Record Office of the United Kingdom, Kew, England, 1945. This original Top Secret file on Juan Pujol, codenamed GARBO, is a first-hand account of the spy and his actions written by his MI5 case office, Toms Harris. It gave us lots of useful information on the overall invasion plan, the deception plans of FORTITUDE, secret codes and the specific roles of GARBO. Hartness, Richard. NBC News Report on the War Front. MP3. Archive.org. 6 June 1944. 15 Feb 2013. <http://archive.org/details/1944 Radio News>. This audio clip is of an NBC reporter reading the news wires about the status of the invasion. We used it on our Short Term page because it provided a good background sound. Hitler, Adolf. In Jeder Stunde an Jeden Tag nur an Deutschland zu Denken. MP3. Archive.org. 11 April 1942. 15 Feb 2013. <http://archive.org/details/Adolf_Hitler>. This audio clip is from one of Hitlers speeches to the German National Socialist Workers Party Conference in Munich in 1942. We used it on our Lead Up page to show how angry and determined Hitler and the Nazis were to make Germany the most powerful nation on earth. Lily Sergeyevs French Identity Card. 1941. Photograph. New York Times. Web. 9 Feb. 2013. <http://www.nytimes.com>.

This photograph shows the French identity card and fingerprint of Agent Treasure. The card was issued by the Nazis soon after she was recruited by Nazi intelligence. The photo was helpful to us for our section on the individual agents. Map showing Nazi controlled Europe. 1942. Photograph. United States Holocaust Museum Web 17 Feb. 2013. <http://www.ushmm.org>. This map shows how, by 1942, Hitler had gained control over most of Europe. It was helpful to us because it is a good visual view of how much control Hitler had and why the Allies felt threatened. We used it in our section about the lead up to D-Day.

Miller, Glenn and the AAFTC Orchestra "G.I. Jive." MP3. Archive.org. 6 Oct. 1943. 28 Feb. 2013. <http://archive.org/details/1944 Radio News>. This was a recording of a popular WWII song from the famous conductor, Glenn Miller with a member of his band singing the lead. The words were supposed to make the troops laugh. We thought this song was a great addition to our Process paper page because it demonstrated the music and felling of the war. Miller, Glenn and the AAFTC Orchestra "Hot Time in the Town of Berlin." MP3. Archive.org. 6 Oct. 1943. 28 Feb. 2013. <http://archive.org/details/1944 Radio News>. This was a recording of a popular WWII song from the famous conductor, Glenn Miller. The words were supposed to make the Nazis irritated and paranoid. We thought this song was a great addition to our Process paper page because it demonstrated the music and felling of the war. Mutt and Jeff. 1941. Photograph. Special Forces. Web. 9 Feb. 2013. <http://www.specialforcesroh.com>. This photo is of Agents Mutt and Jeff (John Moe and Tor Glad) on the day before departing Norway for England. This photo was helpful for our section on the agents. Photo showing inflatable armor used in Operation FORTITUDE. 1943. Photograph. Zenith Press. Web. 9 Feb. 2013. <http://www.zenithpresstheblog.com>. This photograph shows an inflatable tank used to create the fake army in the north of England. It was helpful for us because it shows one of the fake tanks used to fool the Nazis. We used it to show an example of the false weapons. Photo showing the destruction of Normandy. 1943. Photograph. The Times.Web. 9 Feb. 2013. <http://www.thetimes.co.uk>. This aerial photograph shows Normandy after the battle. This was helpful because it helped us to better understand how devastating the Normandy battle was. We used it in our slideshow section. Operation Fortitude. 1943. Photograph. Normandie. Web. 8 Feb. 2013. <http://www.normandiememoire.com>.

This is a photo of Allied tanks preparing for the invasion. This photo was helpful because it showed how the tanks looked before the battle, and made us appreciate how large the preparation was. We used it in our slideshow section. Photo of the Allied High Command discussing Operation FORTITUDE. 1942. Photograph. DDay Revisited. Web. 8 Feb. 2013. <http://d-dayrevisited.co.uk>. This is a photo of the Allied High Command planning out Operation FORTITUDE. This photo gave us an idea of how it was when the key world leaders gathered around a table in Churchills war room planning FORTITUDE. Roman Czerniawski. 1941. Photograph. Polish Air Force. Web. 8 Feb. 2013. <http://www.polishairforce.pl>. This is a photo of Czerniawski, Agent BRUTUS. This photo was helpful because it showed how Brutus looked as an officer in the Polish air force before becoming a double agent. We used it in our section on the individual agents. Schultz Jr., Floyd E. Schultzy. Personal Interview. 14 Feb. 2013. This is an interview with Mr. Floyd E. Schultz of Zionsville, Indiana. Mr. Schultz gave us a very good perspective on what it was like training for and being in both the invasion and later the Battle of the Bulge. He helped us realize that it did not go all well for the Allied troops. We used his comments in our Plan section. We want to thank him for sharing his experiences with us and his service to our country. Thomas Argyll (TAR) Robertson. 1943. Photograph. Special forces - Roll of Honor. Web. 16 Feb. 2013. <http://www.specialforcesroh.com/>. This was a photo of Thomas (TAR) Robertson in uniform. This photo gave as a picture of the man behind FORTITUDE, and we used it on our meet the Agents page. The Storming of Normandy. 1944. Photograph. My High School Journal. Web. 25 Jan. 2013. <http://www.MY.HSJ.org>. This is a photo of troops during the storming. This showed us how difficult the landing actually was with the soldiers wading through the water to get to the shore at the battle of Normandy. Thomas, Lowell. NBC News Report on the Successful Invasion. MP3. Archive.org. 6 June 1944. 15 Feb 2013. <http://archive.org/details/1944 Radio News>. This audio clip is of NBC reporter Lowell Thomas reading from various news wires about the successful invasion. We used it on our Long Term Impact page because it provided a good perspective of what the listeners might have heard. Trap With A Gap. 1943. Photograph. America in WWII. Web. 9 Feb. 2013. <http://www.americainwwii.com>. This photo showed some pilots and their planes after they landed during D-Day. It helped us understand how many aircraft were involved that day and how it might have felt. We used this photo to give the viewers to our website that same feeling.

Troops landing on the beaches. 1943. Photograph. WBUR-Bostons NPR news station. Web. 18 Feb. 2013 <http://www.wbur.org/npr/157443099/before-the-d-day-invasion-double-talkand-deceit>. This photo showed soldiers climbing down the landing crafts stairs into Juno Beach. We used it on our short term impact page to show the difficult landing and what the soldiers were facing. Winston Churchill. 1941. Photograph. Iconic Photos Web 11 Feb 2013. <http://iconicphotos.wordpress.com>. This photo showed Winston Churchill after his famous speech to the Canadian Parliament meeting. We used it on our home page because it set the tone of our website. It shows the determination of the man who was the face of the Allies. Wulf Schmidt. 1942. Photograph. Graensforeningen. Web. 9 Feb. 2013. <http://old.graenseforeningen.dk>. This photo showed Agent Tate with his transmitter. This photo helped us understand how TATE and his transmitters looked. It was useful for our section on the individual agents. Miller, Glenn and the AAFTC Orchestra "Hot Time in the Town of Berlin." MP3. Archive.org. 6 Oct. 1943. 28 Feb. 2013. <http://archive.org/details/1944 Radio News>. This was a well known WWII song from the famous conductor, Glenn Miller. The words were supposed to make the Nazis irritated and paranoid. We thought this song was a great addition to our bibliography page because it demonstrated the music and felling of the war.

Secondary Sources: Ambrose, Stephen E. "Hoodwinking Hitler: The Normandy Deception." Foreign Affairs 72.3 (1993): 198. Gale Biography In Context. Web. 9 Jan. 2013. This book described how the Nazis and Hitler fell for Operation FORTITUDE and the impact it had on them. It helped us better understand the impact of FORTITUDE. Bacon, Donald J. Second World War Deception: Lessons Learned for Todays Joint Planner. Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama. 1998. Print This US Air Force training manual described using deception in wars, including FORTITUDE. It was helpful to us because it explained why FORTITUDE was successful and the build-up it required to work. Barbier, Mary Kathryn. D-Day Deception. Mechanicsburg: STACKPOLE BOOKS, 2007. Print. This book provided lots of information on how the Operation was built and worked. This helped us understand how complicated the entire deception plan was. We used her perspective various times throughout our site.

Barbier, Mary Kathryn. Email interview. 20 Jan. 2013. E-mail. Ms. Barbier is an Associate Professor of History at Mississippi State University and a respected World War II historian. She helped us with our topic by shining light on the handlers of the agents. We were very happy to have her answer our questions, and used her insight throughout our site. Bendeck, Whitney Tally. Email interview. 28 Jan. 2013. E-mail. Ms. Bendeck is an Assistant Instructor of International Affairs and Director of Undergraduate Studies at Florida State University. She was very helpful to our project because she provided a contrasting view of the D-Day events. Her perspective allowed us to see the events in a different light. Bendeck, Whitney Tally. The Art of Deception: Dueling Intelligence Organizations in WWII. MA thesis. Florida State University, 2004. Mrs. Bendecks thesis helped us learn about the Nazis counterespionage agency, the ABWEHR and Agent GARBO. Carafano, James Jay. After D-Day. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc, 2000. Print. Mr. Carafanos book helped us understand the events that happened after the landing and how the Allies won the War. It gave us good insight on the impact of the invasion. Dead Mens Secrets: OPERATION BODYGUARD: D-Day Deception. The History Channel. 2002. DVD. This program was extremely helpful to us because it helped us connect many of the players and operations of MI5 and the Allies. The actual footage allowed us to get a feel for all the activities and danger of the invasion. GARBO: The Spy. Dir. Roch, Edmon. Ikiru Films, 2009. Film. This film was extremely helpful to our project. The pieces of live wartime footage of the Allies invading Normandy and the interviews of Nigel West and Juan Pujol were especially helpful and made it seem more real to us. Garside, Martin. "Obituary: Sir Ashley Bramall." Independent [London, England] 12 Feb. 1999: 6. Gale World History In Context. Web. 9 Jan. 2013. This obituary described the life of Sir Ashley Bramall and his role in the war. It gave us a better understanding of his role in the plan. Norman, Monty. "The James Bond Theme Song." MP3. Television Tunes. 1962. 11 Feb.2013. <http://Television tunes/James Bond Theme>. This is the theme song used for several James Bond Movies. We thought this song was a great addition to our Meet the Agents page because it added a feeling of suspense. Large, David Clay. Funeral in Berlin: The Cold War Turns Hot. The Collected WHAT IF?. Ed. Robert Cowley. New York: American Historical Publications, Inc., 2001. 351-375. Print.

This essay discussed what might have happened if the Allies had not moved on to secure Berlin after the Invasion of Normandy. It gave us a better understanding of how important Operation FORTITUDE was and how thing could have gone badly wrong if it have failed. Levine, Joshua. Operation FORTITUDE. London: Collins, 2011. Print This was the first book we read and helped us decide on our NHD topic. Mr. Levines book provided lots of information about the different agents themselves and was helpful in identifying additional sources of information. Macintyre, Ben. Double Cross: The True Story of the D-Day Spies. London: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc., 2012. Print. This book provided us with good background information on the Double Cross spy system, told from the perspective of key people involved. It gave us detailed information on the Director of Operation Fortitude, several MI5 handlers and Nazi intelligence officials, the five main double agent spies and a sixth double agent that is not as well know. MI6. Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. 2013. 5 Feb 2013. The encyclopedia had information on MI6. It provided us with ideas for additional sources for our project. Seaman, Mark. Introduction. GARBO: The Spy Who Saved D-Day; Summary of the GARBO Case 1941-1945. By Toms Harris. 2000. Surry, England: Public Record Office of the United Kingdom, 2000. 1-29. Print. This is an excellent book about the key spy GARBO. It was helpful to our project because it helped us to understand some of the complicated activities in the original top secret files and put them in historical perspective. Spiller, Roger. The Fhrer in the Dock: A Speculation on the Banality of Evil. The Collected WHAT IF?. Ed. Robert Cowley. New York: American Historical Publications, Inc., 2001. 744-765. Print. This essay helped us to understand what might have happened if Operation FORTITUDE had failed or if the Allies had decided to invade Europe through a different route. It is possible that the Nazis would have continued their land gains and moved on to England and beyond. We used this insight on our long-term impact page. Talty, Stephan. AGENT GARBO: the Brilliant, Eccentric Secret Agent Who Tricked Hitler and saved D-Day. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2012. Print. This book gave us more insight into the family and daily life of Juan Pujol (GARBO) and how he was able to get the Nazis to believe him during the war. It also had old photos of Pujol during the war. We used this perspective on our Agent page. "The Inflatable Tanks of WWII." Telegraph Online. 27 Nov. 2007. Gale World History In Context. Web. 9 Jan. 2013

This article provided us with information on the fake weapons used in Operation FORTITUDE. It helped us understand how much attention to detail was required to make the deception plan a success. West, Nigel. Email Interview. 28 Jan. 2013. E-mail Mr. West is considered the unofficial historian of the Secret Service. Mr. West gave us an insightful perspective that stressed how crucial FORTITUDE was. He reassured us that we had chosen a good topic for our History Day Project. We really appreciate his help.