THIT LP MNG N TN DVB-T (PHN 2)

TS. Phm c Bi, KS. Anh T, KS. L Trng Bng (tip theo) 4.1.3. B thi gian tr ng ng b cc my pht ca mng n tn. Qu trnh b thi gian tr ng l qu trnh da vo cc thng s phc v cho ng b t trung tm x l tn hiu gi trong dng TS hiu chnh thi im bc x dng TS ra khng trung ca tng my pht. V vy, trc ht chng ta quan tm cc thng tin phc v cho x l ng b. 4.1.3.1. Ci thm cc gi cha thng tin vo dng TS phc v vic ng b. Tn hiu chun qu trnh ng b ca tt c mi my pht da vo l tn hiu c tn s 10MHz v 1 pps (1 xung trong 1 giy) v do my thu h thng nh v ton cu GPS (Global Position System) cp. Mu cht nht v quan trng nht l phi ng b cc dng truyn ti TS ti cc my pht, v dng truyn ti truyn t trung tm n cc my pht cc v tr khc nhau s nhanh chm hn nhau. Dng truyn ti TS thng thng gm cc gi TS. Cc gi TS u c kch thc 188 Byte: phn mo u (Header) chim 4 Byte v phn mang thng tin (Payload) chim 184 Byte. Dng truyn ti TS ca mng n tn khc dng TS thng thng l n phi c ci thm cc gi phc v cho vic ng b. Cc gi c tn gi l gi khi to Mega-Frame, tn ting Anh Mega-Frame Initialization Packet-MIP. Trong mt s ti liu khc[4] MIP cn c gi l gi thng tin Mega-frame - Mega-Frame Information Packet.

Gi MIP c kch thc ng nh cc gi TS khc, tc l cng c 4 Byte Header v 184 Byte Payload (cha ni dung ca MIP). Nhim v ca b thch ng mng n tn (SFN adapter) l to ra cc gi MIP v ci chng vo dng TS truyn i. Ngoi khi thch ng mng n tn cn khi ng b h thng (Sync system). Hai khi chc nng ny c th l cc thit b ring bit, v cng c th l cc thit b tch hp trong b ghp hoc trong b iu ch. Hin nay khi thch ng mng n tn thng c sn xut ring bit, cn khi ng b h thng thng c trong b iu ch COFDM. 4.1.3.2. Nhim v ca khi thch ng mng n tn. Khi thch ng mng n tn to ra cc Mega-frame. Mi Mega-frame bao gm n gi TS tng ng vi 8 khung DVB-T (ch 8K) hoc 32 khung (ch 2K) v chn vo mt gi khi to Mega-frame (MIP) vi mt gi tr nhn dng gi PID gn vo. MIP (trong mt Mega-frame ch c duy nht mt gi MIP) c chn vo bt c v tr no trong Mega-frame th M. MIP ca Mega-frame th M ny (gi l MIPM) cho php nhn ra im bt u (c th l gi u tin) ca Mega-frame M + 1. Qu trnh ny c thc hin bng cch s dng mt con tr c mang trong MIPM, t n ch ra v tr ca n, v im bt u ca Mega-frame th M + 1.

Khong thi gian ca mt Mega frame ph thuc vo bng thng ca knh cao tn (Vit Nam chn 8MHz) v khong bo v:

Mi Mega frame gm n gi trong n l s nguyn. Trong ch 8K: n = (s gi RS/super frame)x 2. Trong ch 2K: n = (s gi RS/super frame)x 8.

1 super frame = 4 frames Gi RS (gi Reed Solomon): Gi TS 188 bytes c m ho khi Reed Solomon thnh 204 bytes, trong c 16 bytes dng sa li. MIP cha cc ni dung: C thi gian ng b - Synchronous Time Stamp (STS). Con tr (Pointer). tr ln nht (Max Delay). Cc thng s pht ( thun li cho ci t cc thng s pht ca my pht). Thng s a ch ring iu khin my pht t xa. Trong c hai thng s (u l gi tr thi gian v o bng milisec) cn cho qu trnh ng b, l: c thi gian ng b v tr ln nht. C thi gian ng b l khong thi gian t sn trc (sn ln) ca xung 1pps gn nht n im bt u ca Mega-frame k tip (xem hnh 6) v c mang trong MIP ca tng Mega-frame. Gi tr STS c trong Mega-frame th M ch ra im bt u ca Mega-frame th M+1, c trong Mega-frame th M+1 th ch ra im bt u ca Mega-frame th M+2, vv...

tr thc t: l khong thi gian chnh lch ca mt Mega-frame t u ra ca khi SFN adapter n khi Mega-frame ny ri khi anten ca my pht no . Tr thc t ti mi my pht l khc nhau. tr ln nht: l gi tr tr thc t ln nht c th xy ra (xt trong ton mng) t u ra ca SFN adapter n u ra ca my pht, bao gm c tr do ng truyn dn di nht, tr ln nht do iu ch, do khuch i, do cp dn sng v do h thng anten. V d tr ln nht l 900ms (nu trong bi ny).

 tr ln nht ca mega-frame th M+1 c th hin trong STSM ca MIPM. Gi tr ca tr ln nht c th ci t c trong B thch ng mng theo tng bc 100ns (lin quan n tn hiu 10MHz). DVB quy nh gi tr cc i ca tr ln nht l 1sec (1000 ms). 4.1.3.3. Nhim v ca khi ng b h thng (Sync system): Nhim v ca khi ng b h thng l cung cp khong b thi gian truyn dn bng cch so snh gi tr STS vi tham chiu thi gian ni b v tnh ton thi gian tr ca my pht ng b. Trn hnh 8 [3]: t1 l thi im bt u ca sn trc xung 1pps. t2 l thi im gi u tin ca Mega-frame c truyn i qua mng truyn dn. t3 l thi im gi u tin ca Mega-frame m khi ng b h thng thu c. t4 l thi im gi u tin ca Mega-frame c my pht bc x ra khng trung. 1s y l khong thi gian ca xung 1pps.

Nh vy, theo hnh 8, thi gian b tr l: Tb tr = (STS + Ttr ln nht) Tthu c (4) Nhng Tthu c = STS + t , cng thc (4) c th bin i thnh: Tb tr = (STS + Ttr ln nht) (STS + t) Hoc:

Tb tr ng = Ttr ln nht t Tnh thi gian b tr ng Ti liu [2] a ra hnh 9 v s liu gii thch kh tng minh v b tr ng: Ti u ra ca khi thch ng mng : STSM = 300ms. Thi gian gi M+1 truyn t B thch ng mng n Khi ng b h thng ca my pht ht 650ms, chnh l thi gian thu c (Tthu c) : Tthu c = 650ms. Nh vy hnh trn cng cho thy thi gian tr t do mng truyn dn l : 650 300 = 350ms. Gi tr tr ln nht (T tr ln nht) ca mng c ci t l 900ms.

Cn c vo ba s liu STS, Tthu c v Ttr ln nht, p dng cng thc (4) ta tnh c thi gian b tr ng (hay chnh thi gian lm chm- thi gian lu gi-storage timehnh 9): Tb tr ng = Tstorage = STSM + Ttr ln nht Tthu c = Ttr ln nht t =550ms Thi gian lm chm li ny xp x bng thi gian ca mt Mega-frame (xem bng khong thi gian ca mt Mega-frame). B thi gian tr (thi gian lu gi) ng trong mng n tn gm nhiu my pht. Cng thc (4) ch p dng tnh ton cho tng my pht. Trng hp tng qut mng n tn gm nhiu my pht, theo cng thc (3), thnh phn (| t| - |Tb tr ng j - Tb tr ng i| ) = 0 (5) hoc l: | Tb tr ng| = | t| (6) Cng thc (6) cho thy, chnh lch v b tr ng gia cc my pht chnh l b

chnh lch v thi gian ca dng TS truyn qua mng n cc my pht tng ng.

Nh vy my pht 1 ( gn trung tm x l tn hiu-v d my pht ti H Ni) cn lm chm dng TS li mt khong thi gian (ln nht) l 890ms, my pht 2 (v d my pht ti Hi Phng) phi lm chm dng TS li mt khong thi gian l 700ms v my pht 3 (xa nht, v d my pht ti Thanh Ha) lm chm 600ms. 4.1.4. Kt lun v b thi gian tr ng b cc my pht ca mng n tn. B thi gian tr ng lin quan n x l lm chm dng truyn ti TS tng my pht, mi my pht ca mng n tn bc x gi u tin ca Mega-frame cng mt thi im. Nh vy, ng b dng truyn ti trong mng n tn thc hin bng cch s dng phng php b thi gian tr ng. Khi tr do mng truyn dn thay i, th ti u vo ca mi my pht, thi gian lu gi hay lm chm frame s thay t ng thay i theo. Cn b thi gian tr tnh dng cn chnh mng n tn tt hn [2] v thi gian truyn sng (bao gm c tr do iu ch, do khuch i, cp v anten) t cc my pht n cc im thu. 5. Khong cch gia cc my pht thuc mng n tn. C mt s tc gi vit bo hoc trnh chiu cc Slide a ra kt lun: khong cch

gia cc my pht ca mng n tn l d=c.Tbv. Trc y, chng ti cng hiu nh th, v d khong thi gian bo v Tbv = 7us (ng vi gi tr 1/32), th khong cch gia cc my pht ca mng n tn l d=3.108.7=2,1km. Thc ra hiu nh th l sai. Trong cc ti liu chnh thng (mang tnh tiu chun hay khuyn co) do t chc DVB ban hnh, khng h c ti liu no kt lun nh th. Cc chuyn gia hng NTL (hng tham gia thit lp mng n tn thc t cho xtrylia, Hng Kng, Singapore) c nu mt s [2;3] lm chng ti phi xem xt k li vn ny. Indeed, it is a mistake to assume that a SFN can only work if all sites are located less than the guard interval away from each other [6]. Thc ra, s sai lm khi cho rng mng n tn ch hot ng c, nu cc v tr t my pht cch nhau nh hn khong bo v. v There is no limit on transmitter spacing providing the secondary site is a directional service transmitting away from the main site utilising an appropriate delay[7]. Khong cch gia my pht chnh v my pht ph (nm trn tuyn pht x trc tip ca my pht chnh) s khng b gii hn, khi ta hiu chnh tr thch hp. Tm li khong cch gia cc my pht thuc mng n tn khng bt buc phi nh hn hoc bng D=c.Tbv. Thc ra cng thc khng sai, nhng phi hiu D khng phi khong cch gia cc my pht, m l chnh lch v ng i ca cc chm sng t cc my pht n im thu. Hay ni cch khc, chnh lch v thi gian ca cc chm sng t cc my pht n im thu phi nh hn khong thi gian bo v. Cu kt lun khong cch gia my pht ph v my pht chnh s khng gii hn, khi ta hiu chnh thi gian tr (ca my th hai) thch hp l hon ton chnh xc, nh chng ti trao i cc mc trn. Ti liu tham kho chnh : [1] Transmittter Separation for Single Frequency Networks, Gilles BUREL and Pierre MAGNIEZ, de Bretagne Occidentale. L.E.S.T., Universite [2] DVB-T Single Frequency Network Operation, do Bernhard Baumgartner (ca hng Harris) trnh by. [3] TS 101 191 DVB; DVB Mega-frame for Single Frequency Network Synchronization. [4] UBS- Experiences in establishing a digital COFDM transmission network; Setting up an SFN network; Ti liu do hng UBS cng b. [5] Single Frequency Network a Magic feature of the COFDM, do Gerard Faria, Technical Director, ITIS-France trnh by. [6] Operationnal DVB-T SFN Experience in Australia, ca D.J.LLes, Broadcast Australia [7] Single Frequency Network-frequently asked questions; by Stephen Farrugia, Broadcast Engineering Manager, NTL.