MC LC

NGNH HC: IN TH VIN THNG ................................................................................... 3

HC PHN: MNG MY TNH.................................................................................................. 3
1

C S L THUYT ............................................................................................................. 3
1.1

Tng quan v giao thc BGP .......................................................................................... 3

1.2

Hot ng ca BGP (BGP Operation)............................................................................. 3

1.3

Cc tham s nh hng n vic nh tuyn ca BGP .................................................... 4

1.3.1

Thng s AS-path .................................................................................................... 4

1.3.2

Thuc tnh next hop ................................................................................................. 5

1.3.3

Thuc tnh Aggregator v Local-preference............................................................ 5

1.3.4

Thuc tnh weight v thuc tnh MED .................................................................... 5

CC BI THC HNH/TH NGHIM: .............................................................................. 6

2.1

BI THC HNH S 1: ............................................................................................... 6

Tn bi: BTH-HT-BGP-01: Cu hnh BGP c bn eBGP .......................................................... 6

2.1.1

2.1.1.1

Mc ch .......................................................................................................... 6

2.1.1.2

Yu cu: ........................................................................................................... 6

2.1.1.3

Thi gian thc hin ......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.1.1.4

Nhm thc hnh .............................................................................................. 7

2.1.2

CHUN B: ............................................................................................................. 7

2.1.2.1

L thuyt:......................................................................................................... 7

2.1.2.2

M hnh thc hin: .......................................................................................... 7

2.1.3

NI DUNG: ............................................................................................................ 7

2.1.3.1

Cc bc thc hin: ......................................................................................... 7

2.1.3.2

Ghi nhn phn tch kt qu: ........................................................................... 10

2.1.4
2.2

MC CH YU CU: ...................................................................................... 6

CU HI TRC NGHIM: .................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

BI THC HNH S 2: .............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tn bi: BTH-HT-BGP-02: Cu hnh iBGP thay i cc tham s local prefer & MED .. Error!
Bookmark not defined.
2.2.1

MC CH YU CU: ..................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2.1.1

Mc ch: ........................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2.1.2

Yu cu: .......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2.1.3

Thi gian thc hin ......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2.1.4

Nhm thc hnh ............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2.2

2.2.2.1

L thuyt ( sinh vin bit trc) ................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2.2.2

M hnh thc hin: ......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2.3

NI DUNG: ........................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2.3.1

Cc bc thc hin: ........................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2.3.2

Ghi nhn phn tch kt qu: ............................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2.3.3

Kt qu mong mun ....................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2.4
2.3

CHUN B: ............................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

CU HI TRC NGHIM ................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

BI THC HNH S 3 ............................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Tn bi: BTH-HT-BGP-03: Cu hnh BGP route-reflector ...... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3.1

MC CH YU CU: ..................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.3.1.1

Mc ch: ........................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.3.1.2

Yu cu: .......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.3.1.3

Thi gian thc hin ......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.3.1.4

Nhm thc hnh ............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.3.2

CHUN B: ............................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.3.2.1

L thuyt ( sv bit trc) ............................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.3.2.2

M hnh thc hin: ......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.3.3

NI DUNG: ........................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.3.3.1

Cc bc thc hin: ........................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.3.3.2

Ghi nhn phn tch kt qu: ............................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.3.4

CU HI TRC NGHIM ................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

NGNH HC: IN TH VIN THNG

HC PHN: MNG MY TNH
BI THC HNH TM HIU V GIAO THC BGP
C S L THUYT
Tng quan v giao thc BGP
Nh ta bit ,Internet c to bi rt nhiu cc Autonomous System. BGP c s
dng chia s thng tin nh tuyn gia cc AS khc nhau. BGP s dng giao thc vn chuyn
tin cy trao i thng tin nh tuyn chnh l Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). BGP s
dng cng 179 thit lp kt ni.
- BGP h tr variable-length subnet mask (VLSM), classless interdomain routing (CIDR), v
summarization
Hot ng ca BGP (BGP Operation)
BGP cho php truyn thng tin nh tuyn gia cc AS khc nhau tri khp th gii.
Chng s dng 2 dang BGP thc hin iu :
- Internal BGP (iBGP)
- External BGP (eBGP)

Hnh 1: Kin trc lin lc trong BGP

Tt c BGP speaking device cng trong 1 AS s s dng iBGP lin lc vi mt BGP
speaking khc. iu c ngha l chng ta phi cu hnh full mesh cho iBGP hot ng ng
cch, hay ni cch khc tt c cc thit b phi thit lp kt ni TCP vi nhau. eBGP c s
dng gia cc BGP speaking device ca cc AS khc nhau. Ging nh iBGP, BGP speaking

device tham gia phi c kt ni layer-3 gia chng, sau TCP s c s dng bi eBGP
thit lp peer session.
Sau khi thit lp c peer, BGP speaking device s s dng thng tin m chng c c
t nhng trao i to nn mt BGP graph. Ch mt ln BGP speaking device thit lp c
peer cng nh to c BGP graph, chng mi bt u qu trnh trao i thng tin nh tuyn.
Trong lc khi to BGP speaking s trao i ton b bng nh tuyn ca n, sau chng s
trao i thng tin update tng phn gia cc peer vi nhau v trao i bn tin KEEPALIVE
duy tr kt ni.
Cc tham s nh hng n vic nh tuyn ca BGP
C 2 dng thng s v tuyn ng trong BGP
Well-known:
- mandatory (origin, as-path, Next-hop...)
- Discretionary ( local preference, atomic aggregate...)
Option :
- Non-transitive ( MED, Cluster-list)
- Transitive (Communities)
Cc Tiu chun la chn tuyn ng tt nht trong BGP
loi b tuyn ng nu next-hop khng ng.
Chn gi tr weight cao hn ( c gi tr trong 1 router).
Chn gi tr local-preference cao hn ( trong 1 AS).
Chn ngun gc tuyn ng ( Tuyn ng sinh ra t chnh router).
Chn gi tr AS-path ngn hn ( Ch so snh nhiu di).
Chn gi tr origin nh hn ( IGP<EGP<unknown).
Chn gi tr MED nh hn.
Chn gi tr eBGP u tin hn iBGP.
i vi cc tuyn ng iBGP, u tin chn tuyn ng qua hng xm gn nht.
i vi cc tuyn ng eBGP, u tin chn tuyn ng hc c sm hn
Chn gi tr t router vi gi tr BGP router-ID nh hn
i.

Thng s AS-path
Thuc tnh AS_path l mt thuc tnh Well-know mandatory.

- N l tun t ca cc s AS m route truyn qua n ch. AS u tin truyn route s

thm s AS ca n v truyn i sang eBGP peer tip theo. Sau th mi AS m nhn route ny
s truyn route ny sang eBGP peer khc v gn thm s AS ca n vo u danh sch cc s AS.

Danh sch cui cng s l tt c cc s AS m route c truyn i qua, vi s AS ca AS

m khi to route ban u nm cui danh sch.
- BGP s dng thuc tnh AS_PATH ny trong cc cp nht ca n m bo mt m hnh
khng b loop trn Internet. Mi route c truyn i gia cc peer s mang theo mt danh sch
ca cc s AS m route c truyn qua. Nu route c qung co n mt AS m khi to
ra n, v mt AS thy chnh n l mt phn trong danh sch cc s AS v n s khng chp nhn
route ny.
- BGP router s chn thm s AS ca n khi qung co bng nh tuyn cp nht ca n sang
mt AS khc. Khi route c truyn qua mt BGP router c cng AS th danh sch AS_path s
gi nguyn khng thay i.
ii.

Thuc tnh next hop

L mt thuc tnh well-known mandatory, n tng t nh trong IGP, n c network,

th next hop l a ch IP ca router qung b route.
- i vi EBGP: th next hop l a ch ip ca lng ging qung b route.
- i vi IBGP : Ni m route c qung t trong cng AS th next hop l a ch ip ca lng
ging qung b route. Cn i vi route c qung b vo AS t EBGP, th next hop t EBGP
khng c thay i vo trong IBGP, next hop l a ch ip ca EBGP lng ging m n hc
c.
- Khi mt route c qung b trong mt mi trng a truy nhp(multi-access) nh Ethernet,
frame relay, th next hop l a ch IP ca cc cng giao tip ca router.
iii.

Thuc tnh Aggregator v Local-preference

- Thuc tnh Aggregator:

L mt thuc tnh Well-known discretionary. Khi cu hnh aggregation, th thuc tnh ny

cung cp nhng thng tin v ID ca router v s AS ca ca router khi to aggregate route.
Thuc tnh ny cho php ISP admin xc nh router no thc hin aggregation.
- Thuc tnh Local Preference:
L mt thuc tnh well-known discretionary. Local Preference l mt yu t xc nh s so
snh gia cc route n cng mt ch. Route c Local Preference cao hn sc chn lm
ng i ti u. Cng nh tn ca thuc tnh ny, n ch chuyn i ni b gia cc IBGP peer .
Local Preference khng qung co sang EBGP peer.
iv.

Thuc tnh weight v thuc tnh MED

- Thuc tnh Weight:

Thuc tnh Weight tng t nh Local Preference, n s u tin s dng route c gi tr

weight cao hn. Mt iu khc y l cc thng s weight ch c ngha ni b trong router
thi v n s khng trao i vi cc router khc. Thuc tnh weight nh hng n cc route n
t nhiu nh cung cp khc nhau ti mt router, mt router c nhiu kt ni ti hai hay nhiu nh
cung cp. Thng s weight c tc ng cao hn bt k thuc tnh no khc.N l thuc tnh quan
trng nht xc nh route no u tin c chn hn. Weight c cu hnh trn cc router

theo tng neighbor mt. Thuc tnh ny s khng truyn sang cho bt k mt router BGP no
khc c
- Thuc tnh Multiple Exit Discriminator(MED)
MED l mt thuc tnh optional nontransitive. MED ch cho lng ging external v ng i
no ti u hn vo trong mt AS c nhiu im vo.MED c gi tr thp s tt hn.
- Khng ging Local Preference MED c trao i gia cc AS, nhng MED vo trong mt
AS th s khng ri khi AS ny. Khi c mt cp nht vo trong mt AS vi mt gi tr MED
c thit lp, th gi tr ny c s dng quyt nh ch trong ni b AS thi.Khi BGP
chuyn cp nht cho mt AS khc th gi tr ca MED c thit lp v 0.
- MED c thc s dng mt AS v nh hng n quyt inh ra khi AS ca mt AS
khc.
- Khi mt route c khi to bi mt AS, th gi tr ca MED thng thng l tu theo
metric IGP ca route. iu ny tr nn hu dng khi mt khch hng c nhiu kt ni n cng
mt nh cung cp.IGP metric ch ra tiu tn n mt mng xc nh im truyn. Mt
mng gn im xut A hn im xut B th s c gi tr IGP metric nh hn. Khi gi tr IGP
metric c dch sang MED, ti n mt AS c th vo t mt kt ni gn ch hn. Chnh v
iu ny m MED c gi tr thp hn s c u tin hn n ch. iu ny c th c s
dng cho c nh cung cp v c khch hng cn bng ti gia nhiu kt ni gia hai AS khc
nhau.

CC BI THC HNH/TH NGHIM:

BI THC HNH S 1:
Tn bi: BTH-HT-BGP-01: Cu hnh BGP c bn eBGP
MC CH YU CU:
Mc ch
Gip sinh vin
- Hiu c a ch Public v Private, cch s dng a ch Public v Private trong thc t.
- Nm vng cc kin thc c bn v BGP
- C kh nng cu hnh 1 bi lab hon chnh v BGP c bn
- Hiu c vic chia s min mng c a ch Public v che du min mng c a ch
Private khi s dng giao thc nh tuyn BGP.
- Hiu c s kt hp gia EGP v IGP trong mt AS.
- Hiu ngha ca lnh ping m rng
Yu cu:
-

Sinh vin c kin thc v a ch Public v Private

Sinh vin c kin thc c bn v IGP (RIP, OSPF)

Sinh vin nm vng kin thc c bn v BGP

Sinh vin v c bn bit s dng phn mm gi lp GNS3

Sinh vin bit cch c v hiu ngha ni dung trong file running-config.

Hnh thc thc hnh

Tng sinh vin xy dng v cu hnh 1 h thng mng c dng BGP hon chnh.
CHUN B:
L thuyt:
- Kin thc c bn v BGP
- Hot ng ca BGP
- Bit c cc tham s nh hng n vic nh tuyn ca BGP
M hnh thc hin:

Hnh 2: BGP topology

iu kin:
- My tnh ci t phn mm gi lp GNS3 , c cc IOS ca router
- Cc router R1, R2, R3, R4 cu hnh a ch IP nh trong bng cho
NI DUNG:
Cc bc thc hin:
1. Phn tch h thng
a. Hoch nh a ch IP

AS

100

200

Mng

Tn phn t

a ch IP

201.0.0.0/24

Looback 0 ca R1

201.0.0.1

F0/0 ca R1

192.168.1.1

F0/0 ca R2

192.168.1.2

203.0.0.0/24

F0/1 ca R2

203.0.0.1

203.0.0.0/24

F0/0 ca R3

203.0.0.2

F0/1 ca R3

192.168.1.1

F0/0 ca R4

192.168.1.2

Looback 0 ca R4

202.0.0.1

192.168.1.0/24

192.168.1.0/24
202.0.0.0/24

Vic s dng a ch private trong cc AS cho php nh qun tr:

Qung b phn mng c a ch public

Che du phn mng c a ch private

Ti s dng a ch (192.168.1.0/24)

b. Qung b a ch

AS 100 qung b mng c a ch 201.0.0.0/24 sang AS 200

AS 200 qung b mng c a ch 202.0.0.0/24 sang AS 100

c. Che du a ch

AS100 che du a ch 192.168.1.0/24

AS200 che du a ch 192.168.1.0/24

2. Gn a ch ip v kch hot cc giao din

a. Ti R1:
interface Loopback0
ip address 201.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
b. Ti R2:
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
duplex auto

speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip address 203.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
c. Ti R3
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 203.0.0.2 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
d. Ti R4
interface Loopback0
ip address 202.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
3. Kch hot giao thc nh tuyn iGP (RIPv1)
a. Ti R1
router rip
network 192.168.1.0
network 201.0.0.0
b. Ti R2
router rip
network 192.168.1.0
c. Ti R3
router rip
network 192.168.1.0
d. Ti R4
router rip
network 192.168.1.0
network 202.0.0.0
4. Kch hot giao thc BGP ti cc router
Router X(config)#router bgp as-number

Qung b cc mng c a ch public vo BGP

Router X(config-router)#network x.x.x.x
Thc hin to lin kt lng ging BGP gia cc router
Router X(config-router)#neighbor x.x.x.x remote-as x
a. Ti R1
router bgp 100
no synchronization
bgp log-neighbor-changes
network 201.0.0.0
neighbor 192.168.1.2 remote-as 100
no auto-summary
b. Ti R2
router bgp 100
no synchronization
bgp log-neighbor-changes
network 203.0.0.0
neighbor 192.168.1.1 remote-as 100
neighbor 203.0.0.2 remote-as 200
no auto-summary
c. Ti R3
router bgp 200
no synchronization
bgp log-neighbor-changes
network 203.0.0.0
neighbor 192.168.1.2 remote-as 200
neighbor 203.0.0.1 remote-as 100
no auto-summary
d. Ti R4
router bgp 200
no synchronization
bgp log-neighbor-changes
network 202.0.0.0
neighbor 192.168.1.1 remote-as 200
no auto-summary
Ghi nhn phn tch kt qu:
Kt qu mong mun

Thng tin v cc mng c a ch private c trao i gia cc router thng qua IGP
(RIPv1).

10

Thng tin v cc mng c a ch public c trao i gia cc router thng qua EGP
(BGP).

Kt qu thc hin:
-

Kim tra kt ni BGP

Router#show ip bgp summary

-

Thng tin nh tuyn c trao i thng qua BGP

Router#show ip route

nh tuyn la chn vi AS path ngn nht

Router#show ip bgp
-

Kim tra kt ni vi lnh ping m rng

11

Cc kch bn pht trin (bi tp pht trin)

1. Kch bn 1
2. Kch bn 2

12