MBR Basic Engineering Design

Membrane Bioreactor Technology

Basic engineering design
Technical presentation for WWE Sdn Bhd
Kuala Lumpur November 7, 2003

Professor Zaini Ujang

Ph.D., C.Eng.(UK), C.W.E.M. (UK), PPT

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management

MBR Basic Engineering Design

Presentation outline
Objectives Which membrane systems? Configurations Aeration techniques Activated sludge microbial populations Biomass separation

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management

MBR Basic Engineering Design

Objectives?
Organic removal Organic removal and nitrification Organic, nitrogen removal & water recycling Organic and nutrient removal & water recycling Persistent organic removal & water recycling High strength waste management Cleaner production

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management

MBR Basic Engineering Design

Objectives & systems

Objectives 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 MBR Not recommended Not recommended Recommended Recommended Recommended (Hybrid MBR) Recommended (Hybrid MBR) Recommended (Hybrid MBR) Conventional WSP, CAS, RBC etc CAS, EA, RBC etc AS + RO AS + RO AS + RO + GAC Hybrid Hybrid

1=Organic removal, 2=Organic removal and nitrification, 3=Organic, nitrogen removal & water recycling 4=Organic and nutrient removal & water recycling, 5=Persistent UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA organic removal & water recycling, 6=High strength waste, 7 =Cleaner production 4 Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management

MBR Basic Engineering Design

MBR processes
Membrane separation bioreactors Membrane aeration bioreactors Extractive membrane bioreactors

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management

MBR Basic Engineering Design

MBR processes
Membrane separation bioreactors Submerged

Effluent Influent

Bioreactor Activated Sludge-Based Membrane System

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management

MBR Basic Engineering Design

MBR processes
Membrane separation bioreactors Side-stream Bioreactor Primary clarifier Membrane Unit Effluent

Sludge Return sludge Sludge

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management

MBR Basic Engineering Design

MBR Technology
Membrane separation bioreactors Advantages -Small footprint -Complete solid removal -Effluent disinfection -Removal of organic, nutrient & solid -High loading rate capability -Low/zero sludge production -Rapid start up -Sludge bulking not a problem -Modular/retrofit
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management

Disadvantages -Aeration limitation -Membrane fouling -Membrane costs

MBR Basic Engineering Design

MBR processes
Membrane aeration bioreactors Effluent Bubbleless O transfer Bioreactor Hollow fiber membrane

Influent

Oxygen

Gas Separation-Based Membrane System

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management

MBR Basic Engineering Design

MBR Technology
Membrane aeration bioreactors

Advantages -High oxygen utilization -Highly efficient energy utilization -Small foot print -Feed-forward control of O demand -Modular/retrofit

Disadvantages -Membrane fouling -High capital cost -Unproven at full scale -Process complexity

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MBR Basic Engineering Design

MBR processes
Membrane extractive bioreactors Treated wastewater Effluent For recycling Bioreactor Hollow fiber membrane

Influent/Polluted materials Gas Separation-Based Membrane System

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MBR Basic Engineering Design

MBR Technology
Extractive membrane bioreactors

Advantages -Treatment of toxic industrial effluents -Small effluents -Modular/retrofit -Isolation of bacteria from wastewater

Disadvantages -High capital cost -Process complexity -Unproven at full scale

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MBR Basic Engineering Design

Performance comparison between activated sludge and MBR (Cicek et al., 1999)
Parameters Sludge age (d) COD removal (%) DOC removal (%) TSS removal (%) A-N removal Total P removal (%) Slude production
(kg VSS/COD.d)

Activated sludge 20 94.5 92.7 60.9 98.9 88.5 0.22 20

MBR 30 99 97 99.9 99.2 96.6 0.27 3.5

13

Mean floc size (m)

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management

MBR Basic Engineering Design

Design criteria MBR

Parameters Loading rates (for >90% organic removal) Loading rates for complete nitrification Loading rate for complete nitrogen removal MLSS Flux Specific flux Design flux (Kubota, of 0.4 m)

Design values
1.2 to 3.2 kg COD/m3.d 0.05 to 0.66 kg BOD/m3.d 0.05 to 0.66 kg BOD/m3.d Sludge age 10 to 50 d 4 kg NH4-N/m3.d 5 kg NO3-N/m3.d 10,000 to 20,000 mg/l 5 to 300 L/m2.h 20 to 200 L/ m2 h bar 0.5 m3/m2.d
(specific flux 125-175 L/ m2 h bar)

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MBR Basic Engineering Design

Aerobic MBR
Examples of design criteria
Wastewater Type V (m3) 3.12 HRT (h) 13.4 (d) Organic load (kg/m3d) 0.245 MLSS Sludge (kg) yield (d) 12.9 Air (m3/h) 18

Raw sewage (Ueda&

Hata, 1999)

HF/S/ PE HF/S

72

Municipal
(Cote et al., 1997)

4.8

2.3

26

0.2

0.5-1.5

Raw sewage (Ueda

et al, 1999)

HF/S

21.4

13

120

0.315

12

42

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MBR Basic Engineering Design

Aerobic MBR configurations

Examples of specific fluxes Configurations Submerged HF Flat plate Tubular side-stream Specific fluxes 50 to 65 L/m2.h.bar 115 L/m2.h.bar 40 to 60 L/m2.h.bar References
Gunder & Krauth, 1998 Gunder & Krauth, 1998 Le Clech et al., 1999

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MBR Basic Engineering Design

MBR technology
Materials and pore size Pore size UF and MF submerged UF and MF Side-stream NF submerged 0.02 to 0.5 m 0.02 to 0.5 m <0.02 m Materials Polyethylene, polypropylene, polysulphone etc Ceramics (MF), polyethylene, polypropylene, polysulphone etc Polyethylene, polypropylene, polysulphone etc

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MBR Basic Engineering Design

Aerobic MBR: Energy consumption

Pumping influent, recycling retente, permeate suction & aeration Energy requirement MF submerged MF side-stream MF hollow fibre submerged 0.2 to 0.4 kW.h/m3 2 to 10 kW.h/m3 0.3 kW.h/m3 (0.28 for aeration) References Cote et al., 1998 Cote et al., 1998 Cote et al., 1997

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MBR Basic Engineering Design

Anaerobic MBR technology

Membrane separation bioreactors Side-stream Anaerobic digester Primary clarifier Membrane Unit Effluent

Sludge Return sludge Sludge

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MBR Basic Engineering Design

Anaerobic MBR
Loading rates Parameters Side-stream MBR -Loading rates (acidogenic) Side-stream MBR - Loading rates (methanogenic) Submerged MBR- Loading rates HRT Values 54 kg COD/m3.d 12.2 kg COD/m3.d 15 kg COD/m3.d 67 h - POME 124 h - maize waste References
Anderson et al., 1986

Anderson et al., 1986

Li et al, 1985; Kayawake et al., 1991

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MBR Basic Engineering Design

Typical values for the design parameters for activated sludge processes
Process , d 3-15 0.7515 3-15 8-12 F/M,
lb BOD/ lb MLVSS.d

Volumetric loading,
lb BOD / 103 ft3.d

MLSS, mg/l 1000-3000 800-6500 1500-3500 1500-3500 1500-3500

V/Q, h 4-8 3.5 3-5 6-15 3-6

Qr/Q

Conventional plug flow Complete mix Step feed Single-stage nitrification

0.2-0.6 0.2-1.0 0.2-0.5 0.10-0.2

20-40 50-120 40-60 5-20 3-9

0.25-0.75 0.25-1.0 0.25-0.75 0.5-1.5 0.5-2

Separate-stage 15-100 0.05-0.2 nitrification

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MBR Basic Engineering Design

Typical values for the design parameters for activated sludge processes
Process , d 5-15 20-40 15-30 12-25 10-30 F/M,
lb BOD/ lb MLVSS.d

Volumetric loading,
lb BOD / 103 ft3.d

MLSS, mg/l 1000-3000

V/Q, h 0.5-1

Qr/Q

Contact stabilization Extended aeration Oxidation ditch Intermittent decanted EA Sequencing batch reactor

0.2-0.6 0.04-0.1 0.04-0.1 0.040.08 0.04-0.1

60-70 5-15 5-15 5-15 5-15

0.5-1.5 0.5-1.5 0.5-1.5 NA NA

2000-8000 18-36 2000-8000 8-36

2000-8000 20-40 2000-8000 12-50

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MBR Basic Engineering Design

Design procedure for submerged MBR

Steps Wastewater characterization, and flow rate Objectives? Oxidation ditch Intermittent decanted EA Sequencing batch reactor V/Q, h 0.5-1 18-36 8-36 20-40 12-50 Qr/Q 0.5-1.5 0.5-1.5 0.5-1.5 NA NA

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