Hoc Argis

VIEN KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE VIET NAM PHAN VIEN VAT LY TAI TP.
HO CH MINH PHONG A TIN HOC VIEN THAM 1 MAC NH CHI, Q.1, TP. HO CH MINH T: 08 8247360; E-mail: vientham@hcm.vnn.vn --oOo--
GIAO TRNH
ARCGIS CAN BAN

(PHAN ARCMAP)
TP. HO CH MINH 06/2005
P. a Tin hoc Vien tham
Bai 1: Gii thieu ArcMap
BAI 1:
GII THIEU ARCMAP
ArcMap la mot chng trnh quan trong trong bo ArcGIS. ArcMap cho phep ngi s dung thc hien cac chc nang sau: Hien th trc quan The hien d lieu theo s phan bo khong gian giup ngi s dung nhan biet c cac quy luat phan bo cua d lieu, cac moi quan he khong gian ma neu s dung cac phng phap truyen thong th rat kho nhan biet. Tao lap ban o Nham giup cho ngi s dung de dang xay dng cac ban o chuyen e e truyen tai cac thong tin can thiet mot cach nhanh chong va chuan xac, ArcMap cung cap hang loat cac cong cu e ngi s dung a d lieu cua ho len ban o, the hien, trnh bay chung sao cho hieu qua, an tng nhat. Tr giup quyet nh ArcMap cung cap cho ngi dung cac cong cu e phan tch, x ly d lieu khong gian giup cho ngi s dung de dang tm c li giai ap cho cac cau hoi nh la au...?, Co bao nhieu...?, Cac thong tin nay se giup cho ngi s dung co nhng quyet nh nhanh chong, chnh xac hn ve mot van e cu the xuat phat t thc te ma can phai c giai quyet. Trnh bay ArcMap cho phep ngi s dung trnh bay, hien th ket qua cong viec cua ho mot cach de dang. Ngi dung co the xay dng nhng ban o chat lng va tao cac tng tac e ket noi gia nhng noi dung c hien th tren ban o vi cac bao cao, o th, bieu o, bang, ban ve, tranh anh va nhng oi tng khac trong d lieu cua ngi s dung. Ngi s dung co the tm kiem, truy van thong tin a ly thong qua cac cong cu x ly d lieu rat manh va chuyen nghiep cua ArcMap. Kha nang tuy bien cua chng trnh Moi trng tuy bien cua ArcMap cho phep ngi dung t tao nhng giao dien phu hp vi muc ch, oi tng s dung, xay dng nhng cong cu mi e thc hien cong viec cua ngi s dung mot cach t ong, hoac tao nhng chng trnh ng dung oc lap hoat ong tren nen tang cua ArcMap. 1.1 Cac khai niem c ban trong ArcMap Ban o la mot thanh phan c ban trong ArcMap. Ngi s dung co the hien th thong tin a ly tren ban o theo nhieu Layer. Nhng Layer nay hien th mot kieu d lieu ac trng nh la: song ngoi, ao ho, ng giao thong, ranh gii hanh chanh, khu bao ton ong vat hoang da. Layer khong lu tr d lieu thong tin a ly thc. No ch tham chieu en nhng d lieu thong tin lu tr trong Coverage, Shapefile, Geodatabase, Image, Grid .... va nh dang cach hien th thong tin tren ban o. Viec tham chieu nhng d lieu bang cach nay cho phep Layer phan anh lai hau het nhng d lieu thong tin mi nhat trong d lieu GIS cua ta. TOC (Table of contents) la mot danh sach cha tat ca Layer tren ban o va hien th nhng oi tng trong nhng Layer o. Hop thoai nho ben canh nhng Layer bieu
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th tnh trang hien hanh Layer o tat hay m, tc la Layer o c hien th tren ban o hay khong. Th t cua cac Layer trong TOC cung rat quan trong. Layer tren se c nam e len tren nhng Layer di trong ban o. Cac Layer trong ban o c to chc trong mot Data Frame. Mot Data Frame la mot nhom cac Layer hien th trong cung mot khong gian tham chieu (Project). Ngi s dung luon luon nhan mot Data Frame khi tao mot ban o mi. No v tr tren cung cua nhng Layer ma no cha. Data Frame co the c thay oi ten cho phu hp vi muc ch s dung. Khi mot ban o bao gom nhieu Data Frame, th mot trong so chung se la Data Frame Active. Data Frame Active la mot Data Frame nhan trc tiep cac thao tac tren ArcMap. V du neu them mot Layer vao ban o, th Layer o c them vao Data Frame Active. Data Frame Active co the de dang nhan biet c trong ban o, bi v no c to am va noi bat tren Data View. Neu ban o ch co mot Data Frame th no la Data Frame Active. Ch co Data Frame Active la c hien th tren Data View. Data View Toolbar Table of Content (TOC) Data Frame Active
Layer
1.2 Khi ong ArcMap T menu Start cua man hnh Window chon Programs---> ArcGIS---> ArcMap.
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Khi ArcMap c khi ong se thay Splash Screen c hien th au tien
Splash Screen co the tat, e no se khong hien th moi khi khi ong ArcMap bang cach sau. Trong ArcMap chon menu Tools ---> Options. Bo chon trong hop kiem Show Splash Screen.
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Sau khi Splash Screen hien th ngi s dung se thay hop thoai Startup. Tng t, Startup co the khong c hien th bang cach bo chon trong hop kiem Show Startup Dialog hoac co the bo chon hop kiem Do not show this dialog again trong hop thoai Startup.
Trong hop thoai Startup co nhng chc nang: Tao ban o mi. M ban o a s dung cuoi cung. M ban o a co san. Tao ban o theo mau ban o.
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1.3 M ban o e lam viec vi ban o, ta can phai m no trong ArcMap. Neu biet ban o v tr nao trong o a, th co the xem qua ban o vi Arc Catalog va m no vi ArcMap. Moi chng trnh ArcMap ch co the m duy nhat mot ban o. Mot ban o khong lu tr d lieu khong gian se hien th ma no ch tham chieu ti v tr nhng nguon d lieu nh Shapefile, Coverage, Geodatabase, Raster.... tren a. Khi m ban o, ArcMap se kiem tra ng dan ti d lieu. Neu ArcMap khong tm thay d lieu nay, co the d lieu nay b xoa, oi ten, chuyen ti mot v tr khac, hoac o a tren mang khong ket noi c... ArcMap se e ta chon ng dan ti v tr o. Neu khong chon ng dan ti d lieu nay, th ten Layer o van c hien th tren Table of contents. Nhng no khong hien th c d lieu trong Data View. M mot ban o t ArcMap: - Chon vao button Open tren thanh cong cu Standard hoac chon menu File Open hoac co the nhan phm tat Ctrl + O.
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Chon vao thanh xo Look in e tm ni lu tr d lieu. Chon vao ban o muon m. Nhap Open.
Moi ban o se co mot giao dien rieng. Moi khi thay oi giao dien cua ban o nh di chuyen mot Button, them mot Button hoac tao mot thanh Toolbar, can phai lu lai nhng thay oi o. 1.4 Table of contents Moi ban o co mot Table of contents (TOC). TOC hien th nhng Layer ma ban o o cha. Co nhng ban o se cha tat ca nhng Layer tren mot Data Frame. Trong mot ban o co the co nhieu Data Frame. Khi nhn tren ban o, co the s dung TOC e tat hoac m mot Layer. Tren TOC cho phep thc hien nhieu thao tac nh them, xoa hoac quyet nh nhng Layer se c hien th nh the nao. Thong thng, tren TOC co Tab Display va Tab Source Tab Display ch hien th ten cua cac Layer. Tab Source hien th ng dan ma cac Layer tham chieu.
Hien th TOC Chon menu View sau o chon vao Table Of Contents. Bat / tat cac Layer
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Trong TOC nhap vao hop kiem trc ten cua moi Layer. Layer se xuat hien tren ban o. Co the khong thay Layer nay bi v no co the b an sau mot Layer khac hoac hien th mot ni nao o tren ban o. Hien th ky hieu cua Layer Chon vao dau cong hoac tr trc ten cua moi Layer. Hien th nhng Layer cha trong Data Frame Tng t nh tren, chon vao dau cong hoac tr trc moi Data Frame. 1.5 Data View va Layout View ArcMap cung cap hai cach khac nhau e hien th ban o: Data View va Layout View. Moi cai se co cach nhn va tng tac tren d lieu ban o khac nhau. Khi muon xem d lieu a ly th dung Data View. Data View la mot kieu View co nhieu cong dung cho phep xem, hien th, truy van, tm kiem d lieu tren ban o. Kieu View nay se an i nhng oi tng cua ban o nh thanh tieu e, hng Bac, thanh t le va ch hien th d lieu tren mot Data Frame. Tat ca nhng thao tac tren ban o se tap trung trong Data View o nh phan tch khong gian, chnh sa d lieu.
Khi muon in ban o ra giay, xuat ra bao cao, hoac a len tren Web, can phai lam viec vi Layout View. Layout View dung e xuat ban o ra ngoai. Trong o, co the thay c ng vien, mot khung giay ni ma nhng oi tng ban o c at va sap xep. Layout View se cho phep lam moi thao tac e xuat ra ban o.
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va Layout View Ta dung hai button Data View cach nhn. Ngoai ra co the chon tren menu View.
e chuyen qua lai gia hai
1.6 Xem ban o Khi lam viec vi ban o, co the thay oi cach nhn oi vi ban o. Khi xem ban o can phai phong to, thu nho hoac di chuyen tren ban o e xem nhng chi tiet quan trong. Khi xuat ban o ra giay th ban o phai co nh mot t le nhat nh. Phong to hoac thu nho Chon vao button Zoom In Tools. hoac button Zoom Out tren thanh cong cu
Di chuyen chuot tren ban o. Click mot lan tren ban o e phong to hoac thu nho ban o chung quanh iem o. Neu va click va re chuot se ve c mot khung hnh ch nhat. Ban o se c phong to hoac thu nho quanh khu vc va ve. Ngoai ra co the phong to, thu nho ban o theo mot t le cho trc bang cach chon vao hai button va tren thanh cong cu Tools. Di chuyen ban o (Pan) Chon vao button Pan Di chuyen con chuot tren ban o. Click va keo chuot ti ni ta can xem. Xem toan bo d lieu Click vao button Zoom Full Extent cu Tools. Quay lai hoac ti man hnh trc Click vao button Back cong cu Tools. hoac Forward tren thanh tren thanh cong
Phong to toan bo mot lp Click phai chuot vao Layer ban o muon phong. Chon vao Zoom To Layer
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Hien th ban o mot t le co nh anh t le ban o tren hop t le cua thanh Toolbar va Enter. 1.7 S dung Bookmarks Mot Bookmarks khong gian c nh ngha nh mot phan cua v tr khong gian ma muon lu lai va co the xem lai sau. V du: co the tao mot Bookmarks cho khu vc nghien cu, sau o co the Pan hoac Zoom tren ban o. Khi nao, muon xem lai khu vc nghien cu th co the truy cap vao Bookmarks. Mac du, co the s dung cong cu Pan va Zoom e tr ve khu vc nghien cu nhng thao tac o khong chnh xac va mat nhieu thi gian. Co the s dung Bookmarks e lam anh dau khu vc quan tam. Co the tao Bookmarks bat c luc nao, Bookmarks ch c s dung tren khong gian a ly, khong s dung Bookmark trong Layout View. Tao Bookmark khong gian: - Pan va Zoom ti khu vc ma muon tao Bookmark Click vao menu View, Bookmarks va click Create Nhap ten cua Bookmarks vao Click Ok. vao
Tao Bookmark khong gian t hop thoai Identify - Chon button Identify tren thanh Tools Click vao oi tng e nhan dang Click phai chuot tren oi tng trong hop thoai Identify Chon Set Bookmark. Ten cua Bookmark la ten cua oi tng
Tao Bookmark t hop thoai Find - Click button Find tren thanh Tools ien vao trong hop thoai Find gia tr muon tm
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Click phai chuot vao gia tr trong danh sach ket qua va tm c Chon Set Bookmark.
S dung Bookmarks khong gian Chon menu View, click vao Bookmarks va chon ten khu vc mnh muon s dung. Khu vc can hien th se m ra tc th. Xoa Bookmark - Tren menu View ch vao Bookmarks va click Manage Chon vao Bookmarks Click Remove.
1.8 Ca so phong ai va ca so tong quat Khi xem mot ban o, co the do oi tng gia cac Layer khac nhau. Cac oi tng tren ban o co kch thc khac nhau. Nen co nhu cau xem chi tiet oi tng hoac xem tong quat ban o. ArcMap cung cap cho hai cach e xem ban o tong quat hoac phong ai oi tng. Ca so phong ai lam viec giong nh mot kch lup. Khi a ca so nay tren d lieu khong gian, se thay ca so phong ai v tr ban o di ca so. Di chuyen ca so nay se khong anh hng en man hnh ban o hien hanh.
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Ca so tong quat hien th cho ta toan bo d lieu ban o. Co mot hop nho trong ca so tong quat nay ai dien cho khu vc man hnh ban o hien hanh. Co the di chuyen hop nay th man hnh tren ban o se di chuyen theo tng ng. M ca so phong ai: - Chon vao menu Window va click vao Magnifier Khi ca so phong ai xuat hien, keo re no tren man hnh d lieu e thay ca so phong ai Click phai chuot tren thanh tieu e cua man hnh phong ai va click SnapShot e khoa man hnh.
M ca so tong quat - Chon menu Window, click vao Overview Re, thu nho hoac phong ln hop trong ca so phong ai e thay oi man hnh ban o trong Active Data Frame.
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1.9 Tm kiem thong tin tren ban o oi khi viec nhn tren ban o khong u ma can phai truy van d lieu e giai quyet van e. ArcMap cho phep va xem thong tin khong gian va xem thong tin thuoc tnh. Co the ch ra oi tng can xem, tm mot so k t co trong bang thuoc tnh, hoac xem toan bo thuoc tnh. Map Tip cung la mot phng phap e hien th nhanh thong tin. Xac nh oi tng bang cach click vao chung - Click vao button Identify tren thanh Tools Click chuot tren oi tng can xac nh. Thao tac nay se lam hien th hop thoai Identify co cha nhng oi tng trong nhng lp c click.
Hien th Map Tips

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Trong TOC click vao layer ma muon hien th Map Tips va click vao Properties Click vao tab Display va anh dau vao hop kiem Show Map Tips Click vao tab Fields Click vao thanh xo Primary Display Field chon Field thuoc tnh ma muon hien th Chon OK Di chuyen chuot tren oi tng se thay Map Tips.
Xem bang thuoc tnh - Trong TOC, click phai chuot tren Layer ma muon hien th thuoc tnh Click vao Open Attribute Table.
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Tm oi tng thong qua cac thuoc tnh - Click button Find tren thanh Tools Nhap chuoi muon tm vao trong hop Find Click thanh xo In Layer, chon Layer muon tm Khong kiem vao Find features that are similar to or contain the search string neu muon tm chnh xac chuoi a nhap Click Find.
Xac nh khoang cach tren ban o - Click button Measure tren thanh Tools S dung chuot ve mot ng thang tng trng cho khoang cach muon o, co the co nhieu Line ghep lai vi nhau Nhap up neu muon ket thuc oan thang. Ket qua o se hien tren thanh Status cuoi man hnh.
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Bai 2: Tao ban o
BAI 2:
TAO BAN O
Trc khi tao ban o can phai biet ve cong dung cua ban o c tao lap. Ban o nay se cha nhng g? Ban o nay danh cho ai? Nhng cau hoi n gian nay se giup cho viec quyet nh cach to chc, sap xep cac thong tin tren ban o. V du mc o chi tiet muon hien th, mau sac va bieu tng dung e ve oi tng. Ban o tao ra s dung trc tiep tren may tnh hay in ra giay hay la dung cho ca hai? 2.1 Tao ban o e tao mot ban o mi co nhieu cach. Co the tao ra mot ban o khong cha g het hay mot ban o da tren mot mau ban o (template) co san. Kieu mau ban o co san cha mot trang Layout c nh ngha san vi cach sap xep cac oi tng ban o nh tieu e, mui ten ch hng Bac, thanh t le, chu thch... ieu nay co ngha la ch can a d lieu vao va co the lap tc in ra ban o. Mau ban o nay co the cha d lieu nh Layer, k hieu ac biet, kieu, tuy bien thanh cong cu, nhng oan chng trnh nh la Form trong VBA hoac nhng Modules. D lieu thuoc tnh hien th tren ban o di nhng Layer (lp). Layer co the ch hien th mot kieu oi tng cua d lieu GIS nh ng giao thong, song, ho hoac no co the hien th kieu d lieu nh anh ve tinh, ban ve thiet ke, be mat a hnh (TIN). Tao mot ban o mi t hop thoai Startup: Khi ong ArcMap Chon A New empty map Chon OK.
Tao mot ban o mi rong Click Button New tren thanh cong cu Standard e tao mot ban o rong mi. Neu a m mot ban o th c hoi co can lu lai nhng thay oi tren ban o nay khong.
Them mot lp t mot ban o khac

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Bai 2: Tao ban o
M ban o cha Layer muon Copy Trong TOC, click phai vao Layer va click Save As Layer File Chon v tr tren o a muon lu Click button Open tren thanh Standard e m ban o muon them lp Click button Add Data e them Layer vao ban o
Trong khi lu lai mot lp tren o a bang cach click Save As Layer File th ArcMap ch lu lai ng dan cua lp o ch khong lu d lieu khong gian Them mot lp t ArcCatalog Khi ong ArcCatalog t menu Start Sap xep lai man hnh ArcCatalog va ArcMap e thay ca hai man hnh Chon Layer muon them vao ArcMap Click va re Layer t ArcCatalog Tha Layer tren man hnh hien th trong ArcMap
Them mot lp t button Add Data Click vao button Add Data tren thanh ToolBar Trong hop thoai Add Data chon Layer muon them vao
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Bai 2: Tao ban o
Hien th mot phan d lieu theo mot so ieu kien Trong TOC, click phai chuot tren Layer va click Properties Click vao tab Definition Query Nhap vao bieu thc e loc hoac click Query Builder Click Ok.
Khi o ArcMap ch ve tren ban o nhng oi tng thoa ieu kien loc
2.2 Them d lieu kieu Coverage, Shapefile, Geodatabase Co the tao Layer t nguon d lieu trc tiep nh Shapefile. Moi mot Layer nh la mot phan cua ban o, quyet nh cach thc hien th no tren ban o, v du nh t le nao no se hien ra, nhng oi tng nao se c hien th va ve chung nh the nao, co the nhom chung lai vi nhau e cho chung xuat hien nh la mot Layer. D lieu hien th tren ban o cung c hien th di nhung hnh thc khac nhau nh Vertor, Raster, dang bang va c lu tr di nhng hnh thc khac nhau. Neu d lieu c lu tr vi nhng nh dang c ArcMap ho tr th co the them vao trc tiep trong ban o giong nh mot lp. Con neu khong c ArcMap ho tr th dung cong cu ArcToolbox hoac mot cong cu nao khac e chuyen ve nh dang ma ArcMap ho tr.
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Bai 2: Tao ban o
Ngoai ra, co the them vao kieu Raster nh anh ve tinh, anh may bay, tranh anh... di nhieu nh dang khac nhau. Khi them nhng d lieu nay cho phep chung hien th bang mot band hay to hp cac band. Neu d lieu Raster cha ang k toa o th co the dung World File e ang ky toa o cua no. Tng t nh thao tac them lp vao trong ban o, co the them nhng lp kieu nh Coverage, Shapefile, Geodatabase. ay la nhng kieu nh dang ma ArcMap ho tr, no cho phep chnh sa trc tiep tren File ma khong can chuyen sang mot nh dang nao khac. Nhng tuy theo cap o ban quyen ve phan mem co c th viec chnh sa cung khac nhau. Vi Shapefile, ArcMap co the chnh sa trc tiep nhng vi Geodatabase can phai co license ArcEditor mi chnh sa c d lieu khong gian cua chung. Chon button Add Data Click Add. tren thanh cong cu Standard Chon v tr lp d lieu ma lu tr tren a
2.3 Them ban ve CAD Neu chung ta co ban ve CAD, th co the s dung file nay ngay tren ArcMap ma khong phai chuyen oi sang nh dang khac. Nhng neu khong chuyen oi nh dang CAD th ch co the xem d lieu ch khong the chnh sa. Tng t nh cac trng hp khac khi them ban ve CAD vao trong ArcMap th cung phan biet ra ba dang oi tng iem (Point), ng (line), vung (polygon). Ngoai ra con co nhng oi tng dang Text th ArcMap se cho hien th di mot lp rieng cung ten va th muc vi file CAD Click vao button Add Data tren thanh ToolBar Tren hop thoai Add Data, chon file CAD can hien th. Neu ch muon hien th file CAD e xem thoi th co the chon ngay tren file CAD co k hieu mau trang va nhan Add.
- Neu muon hien th file CAD nay e thc hien cac thao tac phan tch khong gian th nhap up chuot tren file ma co k hieu mau xanh . File nay se hien th tat ca cac oi tng di ba dang iem, ng, vung. Co the chon tng dang e hien th.
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Bai 2: Tao ban o
Neu muon hien th oi tng dang Text th chon file CAD co k hieu A.
2.4 ang k toa o cho file CAD Khi a mot file CAD vao trong ArcMap th khong bao am c rang toa o ma no co c khp vi toa o d lieu co trong ArcMap. V the can chuyen oi toa o cho file CAD. ArcMap ho tr cho hai cach chuyen oi: Tnh tien Nan chnh.
Chuyen oi tnh tien la ch can mot thao tac n gian tnh tien tat ca cac iem tren ban o ti mot v tr nao o. Khac vi chuyen oi tnh tien, nan chnh ban o se co s dung cac phep nh tnh tien, xoay, t le cho tat ca cac iem tren ban o theo cong thc x' = Ax + By + C y' = -Bx + Ay + D Chuyen oi toa o dung World File Wolrd File la mot file dang Text co phan m rong la *.wld ma trong File nay co cha mot hay hai cap iem. Cach nhap cac iem tren World File nh sau: <x,y toa o iem tren ban ve CAD> <khoang trang> <x,y toa o trong khong gian a ly> Tuy theo cach chuyen oi ma nhap mot hay hai cap iem khong c nhap qua hai cap iem. ArcMap se t ong s dung World File nay khi no cung chung th muc vi File CAD va co cung ten nhng phan m rong la (*.wld) V du co the nhap theo cu phap nh sau 0,0 1200.0,1300.0 12.0,9.0 2100.0,100.0
Click phai tren lp CAD va chon Properties

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Bai 2: Tao ban o
Chon Tab Transformation Chon vao hop kiem Enable Transformations. Chon kieu nan chnh la World File trong Transform By Chon button Browse e chon v tr World File ma lu tren o a.
Chuyen oi dung toa o Tng t nh trong World File thay v nhap hai cap iem trong World File co the nhap trong hop thoai Transformation. Nhng vi cach nay moi khi muon s dung lai file CAD nay phai nhap lai toa o, trong khi vi World File, ArcMap se hieu t ong. Click phai tren lp CAD va chon Properties Chon Tab Transformation Chon vao hop kiem Enable Transformations Chon kieu chuyen oi la Coordinate trong Transform By Nhap vao mot hay hai cap iem tuy theo viec chuyen oi
Chuyen oi dung cac he so tnh tien, xoay, t le Trong chuyen oi nay co the s dung trc tiep cac he so trong phng trnh chuyen, ta phai nhap cac thong so ve tnh tien, goc xoay va he so t le gia hai he truc, thong thng la do khac biet ve n v khi s dung. Cach nay tng t nh trong World File ta ch can chon Rotate, Scale, Translate trong Transform By.
2.5 Them d lieu be mat (TIN) D lieu bien oi lien tuc tren be mat nh cao o, lng ma, nhiet o thng bieu dien tren ban o nh mot be mat. T nhng iem co gia tr khac nhau co the noi suy ra be mat theo mot mang li tam giac.
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Bai 2: Tao ban o
Click button Add Data Chon v tr cua file TIN Click Add.
tren thanh cong cu Standard
2.6 Them d lieu dang toa o X,Y vao ban o Ngoai viec s dung cac d lieu khong gian co the s dung kieu khong gian di dang iem ma co dang toa o c lu trong bang hay mot file Text. Cac iem toa o c o co the la cac iem GPS hoac v tr cac ho khoan a chat. Mot khi, Add cac iem nay vao th co the thao tac no nh mot file bnh thng nh la hien th, k hieu, nh t le hien th Chon menu Tool va click vao Add XY Data. Click bang trong danh sach xo xuong, neu khong co bang co the chon Browse e tm no tren o a Chon hai trng X,Y co lu toa o cua iem Neu muon chon he qui chieu e tham chieu ti co the chon Edit va chon he qui chieu muon d lieu hien th.
2.7 He truc toa o Cac oi tng tren ban o tham chieu ti mot v tr that tren the gii thc. Cac v tr cua oi tng tren be mat trai at c bieu dien bang toa o a ly. Trong khi kinh
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Bai 2: Tao ban o
o va v o tham chieu bieu th v tr chnh xac cua oi tng tren ban o nhng no khong phai la n v o. Khoang cach tng ng mot n v cua kinh o tren truc xch ao se khac vi khoang cach tng ng mot n v o tai v tr khac. V nhng l do tren, can chuyen he truc ba chieu ve thanh toa o phang hai chieu goi la li chieu. Ngoai ra con co nhng l do khac nhng khong thuan tien cho xem, truy van hay phan tch, khong the bieu th cho chieu dai, dien tch hay hng. Thong thng tat ca cac lp hien th tren ban o eu phai chung mot li chieu. Khi ta a mot lp vao ban o rong th lp nay se nh li chieu tng ng vi li chieu ma lp tham chieu. Co the thay oi li chieu nay neu thay can thiet. Khi khong ch ra mot he toa o th co the viec hien th co the b sai lech. Ta cung co the tao nhng li chieu cho rieng mnh. Xem he toa o ma Data Frame tham chieu Click phai tren Data Frame va chon Properties Chon tab Coordinate System e xem cac thong tin chi tiet tren Data Frame.
nh ngha lai he thong toa o Click phai tren Data Frame va chon Properties Chon tab Coordinate System Nhap up vao Predefined. Xem trong th muc nay cho en khi tm c he thong toa o muon tm va chon no Khi o tat ca cac lp trong Data Frame se hien th vi he thong toa o nay.
Chnh sa cac thong so toa o cua he thong toa o

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Bai 2: Tao ban o
Click phai tren Data Frame va chon Properties Click tab Coordinate System Se thay he thong toa o ma d lieu ang tham chieu, neu muon thay oi cac thong so he thong toa o cho thch hp. Chon Modify Nhap lai cac thong so thch hp.
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Bai 3: Chnh sa d lieu khong gian
BAI 3:
CHNH SA D LIEU KHONG GIAN
ArcMap cung cap cho chung ta chc nang hieu chnh rat la hu hieu, de dang s dung va chnh xac. Vi chc nang hieu chnh nay, co the chnh sa d lieu tren Shapefile, Geodatabase hoac tat ca c s d lieu GIS nao co. No cung cap rat la nhieu cong cu, lenh, thao tac dung e tao va chnh sa d lieu khong gian. ac biet no con cho chung ta tiep xuc trc tiep vi nhng thao tac tren ban so hoa. V gii han cua bai viet nen chung ta khong e cap phan nay. Ngoai ra ArcMap con cung cap mot cong cu dung e chnh sa d lieu dang Topology. Vi cong cu nay khi chnh sa khong gian khong lam mat i quan he Topology va hp nhat vi d lieu Topology von co. Khi s dung cong cu Edit cua ArcMap, viec chnh sa cac oi tng nhng nh dang khac nhau cung khac nhau. Vi Shapefile ch co the tao nhng oi tng cung kieu vi oi tng ma Shapefile nay cha thoi. V du: neu Shapefile cha oi tng dang Polygon th ch c tao oi tng dang Polygon trong lp nay. Vi d lieu dang Geodatabase co the lam tat ca nhng thao tac chnh sa tren chung. 3.1 Thanh cong cu Editor - Trc khi chnh sa d lieu can phai bat thanh cong cu Editor. Tren thanh menu Tool, chon thanh cong cu Editor
3.2 Khi ong Edit Trc khi bat au cong viec chnh sa can phai Start Editing neu trong chng trnh ArcMap co hn mot Data Frame, th Start Editing cho phep chnh sa khong gian trong Data Frame Active. Muon chnh sa d lieu trong mot Data Frame khac can phai Stop Editing trong Data Frame nay mi co the thc hien Start Editing trong Data Frame khac c. Bat thanh cong cu Editor. Trong menu Editor cua thanh cong cu Editor chon Start Editing.
3.3 Moi trng truy bat oi tng

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Moi trng bat dnh cho phep thiet lap chnh xac v tr cua oi tng quan he vi cac oi tng khac. nh moi trng bat dnh gom 3 phan o la khoang cach bat dnh, thuoc tnh bat dnh, quyen u tien bat dnh. Khoang cach bat dnh Khoang cach bat dnh la khoang cach gia con tro hay oi tng bat dnh ti mot v tr khac. Neu v tr b bat dnh (vertex, canh, iem cuoi) nam trong khoang cach nay, th con tro se t ong bat dnh ti v tr o. Khi mot iem nam trong khoang cach bat dnh th iem nay se hien len mot dau tron mau xanh nhat.
Click vao menu Editor tren thanh cong cu Editor va chon Options. Tren tab General, trong thanh xo Snapping tolerance chon n v o khoang cach Snap. Nhap vao so khoang cach muon bat dnh.
Thuoc tnh bat dnh Khi thc hien bat dnh co the bat dnh mot phan oi tng, vertex, iem cuoi, canh muon oi tng mi bat dnh vao. e oi tng mi bat dnh vao vertex cua mot Layer nao o phai bat thuoc tnh bat dnh cua Layer o.
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Tren thanh cong cu Editor chon menu Editor va chon Snapping. Hop thoai Snapping Environment se xuat hien. Chon vao thuoc tnh muon s dung.
Quyen u tien bat dnh Co the chon quyen u tien trong nhng Layer tren ban o. Th t trong nhng Layer trong hop thoai Snapping Environment quyet nh th t truy bat iem. Snapping se co hieu lc trong Layer au tien trong hop thoai Snapping Environment sau o mi co hieu lc trong nhng Layer ke tiep. Co the de dang thay oi quyen u tien nay bang cach trong hop thoai Snapping Environment keo tha v tr cua cac lp. 3.4 Chon oi tng Chon oi tng dung e xac nh oi tng nao muon thc hien mot thao tac nao o. Co the chon oi tng bang cach chon trc tiep len chung hay ve mot ng thang hay polygon e ma chung cat vi nhng oi tng muon chon. So oi tng se c hien th ben goc trai cua thanh Status. Co mot dau ch X gia cac oi tng c chon co the goi la neo cua cac oi tng chon. Cai neo nay c dung e khi quay, dch chuyen chung, xoa chung. Chon oi tng bang cong cu Edit Click Edit Tool . Di chuyen con tro tren oi tng va click chung. oi tng chon se noi bat len. e chon them oi tng co the nhan nut Shift va chon cac oi tng khac. Neu trong trng hp nhap vao oi tng a chon roi th oi tng nay se bo chon. Click tren nut xo Current Task va chon Select Features Using a Line.
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Chon oi tng bang ng thang -
Click len Sketch
Tao mot ng thang e ng thang nay giao vi nhng oi tng muon chon. Click tren thanh xo Current Task va chon Select Features Using an Area. Click len Sketch . Tao mot Polygon e ma Polygon nay giao vi nhng oi tng muon chon.
Chon oi tng bang Polygon -
3.5 Dch chuyen oi tng Co the di chuyen oi tng bang ba cach: Keo tha Keo tha la mot phng phap de dang e di chuyen mot oi tng. S dung phng phap nay khi khong can o chnh xac cao ve v tr cua oi tng. Click vao cong cu Edit Chon oi tng. Click va re oi tng ti v tr mong muon. .
Dch chuyen tng oi theo mot khoang cach chnh xac Phng phap nay cho phep di chuyen oi tng mot cach chnh xac. ArcMap s dung v tr hien thi cua oi tng lam goc toa o (0,0) va dch chuyen oi tng ti v tr mi theo toa o mi ch nh. Toa o nay s dung n v cua khoang cach tren ban o.
Click vao cong cu Edit
Chon oi tng muon di chuyen. Click menu Editor va chon Move. Nhap vao toa o tng oi va an Enter.
Xoay Co the xoay oi tng trong ArcMap s dung cong cu Rotate. oi tng nay se xoay quanh neo. e thay oi v tr cua neo a con tro chuot len neo nhan phm Ctrl va nhap vao neo e thay oi v tr neo.
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Click tren cong cu Edit
Chon oi tng muon xoay. Click len cong cu Rotate .
Click bat c ni nao tren ban o va re chuot e xoay oi tng ti v tr thch hp. e xoay oi tng mot cach chnh xac hn co the nhan phm A e xuat hien hop thoai nhap goc xoay. Click cong cu Edit .
3.6 Xoa oi tng Chon oi tng muon xoa. Click button Delete tren thanh cong cu Standard. Cung co the xoa bang cach nhan Delete tren ban phm.
3.7 Copy va Paste oi tng Co the Copy mot oi tng bang cach s dung Tool tren thanh cong cu chuan cua ArcMap. Co the Copy oi tng va Paste no ti mot lp khac nhng phai cung chung mot kieu d lieu khong gian. ay co mot ngoai le la co the Copy mot oi tng Polygon sang mot lp kieu Line. Thuoc tnh cua oi tng se c kem theo oi tng neu oi tng o Paste trong lp ban au. Khi Paste sang lp khac thuoc tnh se khong c gi lai. Click len thanh xo Target Layer va chon lp co cha kieu d lieu muon oi tng mi a vao. Click cong cu Edit Click button Copy Click button Paste . tren thanh cong cu Standard. tren thanh cong cu Standard. Chon oi tng muon copy.
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3.8 Tao oi tng mi e tao mi oi tng trong ArcMap, can phai tao mot Sketch chnh sa. Mot Sketch la bao gom cac Vertex va cac oan noi lai vi nhau. Sketch hoat ong nh la mot ban ve phac thao. Tao oi tng iem va vertex: e tao oi tng iem co hai cach tao: tao oi tng iem theo v tr tng oi va v tr tuyet oi. Tao iem va vertex theo v tr tuyet oi cua ban o
Chon cong cu Sketch
Click phai vao bat ky ni nao tren ban o va chon Absolute X, Y. Nhap vao toa o tuyet oi cua iem va nhap Enter. Tng t trong trng hp nhap toa o cho vertex cung vay. Chon cong cu Sketch tao oi tng co hn mot vertex.
V tr tng oi theo v tr cua vertex c nhap sau cung Click phai bat k ni au tren ban o va chon Delta X, Y. Nhap va toa o tng oi cua v tr mi so vi v tr cu.
Tao iem va vertex s dung cong cu DistanceDistance - Chon cong cu DistanceDistance tren thanh xo cong cu Palette.
- Click lan th nhat e tao tam cua ng tron th nhat va nhan D e hien len hop thoai cho phep nhap ng knh cua ng tron. Tng t, co the nhap tam va ng knh cua ng tron th hai. Ca hai ng tron se giao nhau tai hai iem, di chuyen chuot e chon iem muon tao trong hai iem giao o va click.
Tao iem va vertex s dung cong cu Intersection Chon cong cu Intersection con tro la ch thap. tren thanh xo cong cu Palette. Bieu tng cua
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- Tro con tro vao ng thang th nhat muon Intersection va click. Tng t, co the chon ng thang th hai. Lap tc se co mot vertex hay mot iem se c tao ngay ni giao nhau cua hai ng thang.
Tao oi tng Multipoint Click thanh xo Current Task va chon Create New Feature. Tren thanh xo Target Layer chon lp co kieu d lieu Multipoint. Chon cong cu Sketch .
- Click len ban o e tao iem. Khi nao muon ket thuc tao iem co the click phai chuot va chon Finish Sketch. Tao oan noi theo goc va chieu dai
Chon cong cu Sketch Tao trc mot iem.
Click phai chuot va chon Angle. Nhap goc va nhan Enter. Khi o oan noi se b ep theo goc va nhap. Click phai tren ban o va chon Length. Nhap Length va an Enter. Mot vertex se c tao theo chieu dai va goc va nhap.
- Tng t nh la viec tao iem khi tao mot oan noi cung co trng hp nhap theo v tr tng oi. Sau khi nhap xong oan noi th nhat. Click phai chuot e chon Deflection. Khi o co the nhap goc tng oi cua oan thang th hai theo hng chuan cua oan thang th nhat. 3.9 Tao oi tng t oi tng khac Tao ng thang song song vi ng thang khac Chon cong cu Edit . Chon ng thang muon tao song song. Click len thanh xo Target Layer va chon lp muon cha ng thang mi tao. Chon tren menu Editor muc Copy Parallel. Nhap vao khoang cach cua ng thang mi so vi ng thang cu. Nhan Enter.
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Tao vung em Chon cong cu Edit . Chon oi tng muon tao vung em. Tren thanh xo Target Layer chon lp ma oi tng mi tao se lu vao. Lp nay phai la Line hoac Polygon. Tren menu Editor chon Buffer. Nhap khoang cach e tao vung Buffer quanh oi tng va nhan Enter.
Tao oi tng oi xng Chon cong cu Edit . Chon oi tng muon tao oi xng. Tren thanh xo Current Task chon Mirror Features. Chon cong cu Sketch tren thanh xo Palette. Xay dng mot ng thang bang cach chon iem au va iem cuoi. Lap tc ArcMap se tao ra oi tng oi xng.
Ghep hai oi tng cung chung mot lp oi tng c ghep phai la cung chung mot lp va kieu Line hoac Polygon. Khi ghep hai oi tng, th oi tng mi se cha thuoc tnh cua oi tng c chon trc. Chon cong cu Edit . Chon cac oi tng muon ghep.
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Tren thanh xo Target Layer chon lp muon oi tng mi lu vao. Chon menu Editor va chon Merge.
Noi hai oi tng t hai lp khac nhau oi tng noi tren nhng lp khac nhau co cung chung mot kieu Line hoac Polygon. Khi noi hai oi tng, th oi tng mi tao se cha thuoc tnh rong. Chon cong cu Edit . Chon cac oi tng tren cac lp khac nhau. Tren thanh xo Target Layer chon lp muon oi tng mi lu vao.
Chon menu Editor va chon Union. Giao hai oi tng Lenh Intersect se tao mot vung t phan giao nhau cua hai Polygon Chon cong cu Edit . Chon nhng oi tng giao nhau va muon tao oi tng mi. Tren thanh xo Target Layer chon lp ma oi tng mi se lu vao. Chon menu Editor va chon Intersect.
3.10 Chnh sa oi tng co san Cat oi tng Line hoac Polygon (Split) Co the de dang cat mot oi tng dang Line hoac Polygon. Khi s dung chc nang Split se cat oi tng t mot thanh hai. Thuoc tnh se c bao toan khi tao oi tng mi. e chia ng thang hay Polygon thanh hai phan co nhieu cach chia kieu thu cong, chia theo khoang cach, chia theo phan tram. Chia ng thang theo kieu thu cong. Chon cong cu Edit Chon cong cu Split . . Chon ng thang ta muon cat. Chon mot iem tren ng thang , lap tc ng thang c Split.
Xen ng thang (Trim) Lenh Trim la mot lenh dung e cat phan ng thang d tren ng thang ve.
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Tren thanh xo Current Task chon Modify Feature. Chon cong cu Edit . Chon ng thang muon Trim. Click phai tren ng thang va chon Trim. Nhap o dai cua ng thang muon cat. o dai nay la khoang cach t iem cuoi tnh ngc lai.
Sau khi hoan thanh viec chnh sa, click phai chuot tren Sketch va chon Finish Sketch.
Keo dai ng thang Lenh Extent la mot lenh ngc lai vi lenh Trim, no dung e keo dai oan thang. Click tren thanh xo Current Task va chon Extend/Trim Features. Chon cong cu Edit . . Chon ng thang muon Extent. Tren thanh xo Palette chon cong cu Sketch Click phai tren Sketch e chon Finish Sketch. Tao mot ng thang tai ni muon keo dai ng thang a chon.
Them va xoa vertex Them vertex Tren thanh xo Current Task chon Modify Feature. Chon cong cu Edit vao. Chon Insert Vertex. Khi hoan thanh chnh sa phai chon Finish Sketch. va chon ng thang hay Polygon muon them vertex
Di chuyen con tro ti ni muon them vertex vao va click phai chuot.
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Xoa vertex Tren thanh xo Current Task chon Modify Feature. Chon cong cu Edit vao. Chon Delete Vertex. Khi hoan thanh chnh sa phai chon Finish Sketch. va chon ng thang hay Polygon muon xoa vertex
Di chuyen con tro ti ni muon them vertex vao va click phai chuot.
Di chuyen vertex Di chuyen vertex cung co ba cach lam thay oi v tr toa o cua chung tng t nh thay oi v tr cua mot iem: keo tha, ch nh toa o tuyet oi, ch nh toa o tng oi. 3.11 Tren thanh xo Current Task chon Modify Feature. Chon cong cu Edit vertex. va chon ng thang hay Polygon muon di chuyen
Di chuyen chuot tren cac vertex cho en khi con tro thay oi bieu tng. Click chuot va re vertex sang v tr khac. Khi hoan thanh chnh sa phai chon Finish Sketch. Chnh sa d lieu Topology
Topology la kieu d lieu quan he ma trong o cac oi tng chia se nhau ng bien va cac nh. Khi chnh sa khong gian cua mot oi tng th khong gian cua oi tng cung chia se d lieu cung thay oi. ieu nay goi la quan he Topology. Trc khi chnh sa quan he Topology th tat ca quan he cua cac oi tng phai thc s trung khp vi nhau. Thay oi v tr ng bien chung. Click cong cu Shared Edit . Chon vertex muon di chuyen. Re chuot ti ni muon. Lap tc cac oi tng lien quan en vertex chon se c cap nhat khong gian mi.
Tao mi Polygon chia se ng bien chung

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Tren thanh xo Current Task chon Auto Complete Polygon. Tren thanh xo Target Layer chon lp Polygon. Chon cong cu Sketch .
- Tao mot Sketch ma khi au va ket thuc tao mot Polygon khep kn va Sketch nay chay qua Polygon muon tao ng bien chung. Co the tao Sketch vt qua ng bien cua Polygon a co san, ArcMap se t ong cat phan d tha. Nhap up chuot e ket thuc viec tao Sketch.
3.12 Chnh sa thuoc tnh Xem bang thuoc tnh
Tren thanh menu Editor chon Start Editing. Chon cong cu Edit . . Chon nhng oi tng muon m bang thuoc tnh. Chon button Attributes Chon ten lp co cha oi tng muon xem thuoc tnh. Chon Field muon them thuoc tnh. Chon trong cot Value va nhap gia tr muon them vao.
Them thuoc tnh
Xoa thuoc tnh - Click phai tren gia tr muon xoa. Chon Delete. Chon Field muon them thuoc tnh.
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Chnh sa thuoc tnh
Chon trong cot Value va nhap gia tr muon chnh sa vao.
Copy va Paste thuoc tnh a) Copy va Paste cac gia tr oc lap t cac oi tng nay sang oi tng khac Chon gia tr thuoc tnh muon Copy. Click phai gia tr nay va chon Copy. Chon tren Field khoa gia tr muon Paste . Click phai Field va chon Paste. Click phai tren trng khoa cua oi tng muon Copy va chon Copy. Click phai tren trng khoa cua oi tng muon Paste va chon Paste. Tat ca cac gia tr cua oi tng nay se a vao oi tng kia.
b) Copy va Paste tat ca cac gia tr t cac oi tng vi nhau
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Bai 4: Hien th nhan ban o vi text va graphic
BAI 4:
HIEN TH NHAN BAN O VI TEXT VA GRAPHIC
Ban o truyen tai nhng thong tin ve v tr khong gian cua oi tng. Neu ch hien th v tr khong gian cua mot iem th se khong noi len nhng ac tnh cua iem nay. V du iem nay co the la mot tru ien, cai cay hoac la mot iem khong che... V the oi luc, can them mot chuoi, oi tng o hoa nh Polygon, Line, Circles e mo ta them thong tin, nhan manh thong tin. V du co the ve mot Polygon quanh khu vc nghien cu, hay gan them mot chuoi len mot ng thang e mo ta ten ng. Mac khac, co the s dung Text va Graphic e trang tr cho viec xuat ban o, nh co the lam khung, them dong ch tieu e mo ta noi dung ban o. Nhng oi tng nay se khong lien quan en cac oi tng ac trng trong ban o, tc la no khong c lu tr giong nh cac oi tng khong gian trong cac Layer mac dung cach tao no tng t nh nhng oi tng nay. Dong chuoi lien quan en mot oi tng trong ban o c goi la nhan. Nhan co the nhap bang tay neu biet oi tng o. Nhng ArcMap cung cap cho chung ta mot cach hien th nhan t ong thong qua cac thuoc tnh trong bang. V du nh loai at trong, ten ng, loai s dung at. Neu lam viec vi Geodatabase, co the tao mot lien ket ong gia nhan va oi tng. Bang cach nay, khi di chuyen oi tng th nhan se di chuyen theo, neu xoa oi tng th nhan cung b xoa, neu thay oi gia tr ma nhan tham chieu ti th gia tr nay cung c cap nhat trong nhan. Mot cach hien th nhan khac na la MapTips va Hyberlink. S dung MapTips e hien th mot thuoc tnh trong bang khi dng chuot tren oi tng. S dung Hyberlink e hien th anh, tai lieu, ban ve thiet ke, oan phim, trang Web hoac bat k thong tin nao c lu tren he thong hoac tren Internet. 4.1 Ve iem, ng thang, vong tron iem, ng, vung, vong tron hay hnh ch nhat eu la nhng hnh dang o hoa dung e lam noi bat oi tng tren ban o va tao nhng thanh phan chu thch ban o khi xuat ra giay. Mot khi them mot oi tng o hoa tren ban o th co the di chuyen, thay oi kch thc, thay oi mau, sap xep no vi oi tng o hoa khac. Neu nh muon them mot oi tng o hoa nh la mot phan cua trang in ban o th them no vao trong Layout View. Neu muon Graphic hien th trong d lieu khong gian th hay them no vao trong Data view. V du, muon ve mot vong tron quanh mot oi tng iem nh la mot vung em. Mac du co the ve no trong Layout View, tot hn nen ve trc tiep no trong Data View. Khi Pan hoac Zoom no th oi tng nay cung Pan va Zoom theo. Neu nh muon ieu khien Graphic thuan tien hn khi Graphic c ve tren ban o, co the tao Annotation. Mot Annotation la Text, Line, Polygon... nhng khong phai la thanh phan chu thch ban o nh thanh t le, tieu e. Khi a mot Graphic vao Data Frame, co the chon Annotation Target ma no them vao. Mac nh, Graphic se a vao ban o, v the Graphic luon c hien th. Co the tao mot nhom Annotation e lam ni cho cac Graphic them vao. Nhom Annotation nay s dung e to chc mot so lng ln Graphic bi v co the tat/m chung mot cach
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oc lap. Neu muon s dung Annotation tren ban o khac, co the lu no lai trong Geodatabase nh la mot lp oi tng Annotation. Trong trng hp nay moi Annotation phai c lien ket vi mot oi tng tren ban o. Lp Annotation tao se hien th trong TOC nh mot lp. Tao mot Graphic Tren thanh cong cu Draw, chon loai Graphic muon tao Di chuyen chuot tren man hnh ban o, click va re chuot tuy theo loai Graphic muon ve.
Thay oi kch thc Graphic Chon button Select Graphics tren thanh cong cu Draw va chon Graphic muon thay oi Di chuyen chuot tren nhng Handle mau xanh se thay bieu tng chuot thay oi, tuy theo bieu tng chuot ma thay oi cho phu hp.
Xoa Graphic Chon button Select Graphics muon thay oi Nhan phm Delete tren ban phm. tren thanh cong cu Draw va chon Graphic
Thay oi mau hoac k hieu cua Graphic
- Chon oi tng bang button Select graphic

Nhap up chuot tren Graphic e hien th hop thoai Properties e thay oi mau to trong Graphic, Click Fill Color va chon mau mi.
Chnh sa cac nh cua Graphic

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S dung button Select Graphics
e chon Graphic
Chon button Edit Vertices e chnh sa cac vertex, neu button nay b m th khong the chnh sa c Graphic nay Click phai tren Line chon Add Vertex e them vertex, hoac click phai tren vertex e xoa vertex, dung chuot e di chuyen vertex. Tren thanh cong cu Draw, click Drawing va chon New Annotation Target. Nhap ten Annotation. Tren thanh cong cu Draw, click Draw va chon Active Annotation Target. Chon nhom muon them Graphic vao.
Chon ni lu tr d lieu cho Annotation -
nh nhom Annotation -
Tat ca nhng nhom Annotation nh ngha hien th nh la mot danh sach. Nhng nhom nay se c lu vao trong tai lieu ban o. Chuyen oi tng trong Layer thanh Graphic Click phai tren Layer trong TOC muon chuyen sang Graphic va chon Convert Features to Graphics. Chon chuyen tat ca cac oi tng hay ch nhng oi tng c chon Chon nhom Annotation muon a Graphic vao Khi Convert oi tng trong Layer sang Graphic ta co the chnh sa nhng oi tng nay tren ban o. S la chon nay thng dung thay oi v tr quan he cac oi tng trong ve ban o, nh tong quat hoa, nhng khong muon chnh sa d lieu nguon ma no tham chieu.
4.2 Them Text Text the hien tnh a dang cua ban o. Co the s dung text e chu thch nhng oi tng ban o. Thong tin ve he toa o ma ban o tham chieu, tieu e e mo ta muc ch ban o. Ta co the tac ong en v tr at Text tren ban o bang nhieu cach. Co the at Text doc theo mot ng thang, uon ln tren mot ng cong, at trong mot hop ghi chu co kem theo mui ten ch v tr mo ta. Text cung co the thay oi Font, kch thc, mau sac, kieu hien th neu thay can thiet. Text lien quan en oi tng ban o th c them vao trong Data Frame cha oi tng o. Text dung e hien th cac yeu to ban o nh tieu e, chu thch, he toa o tham chieu... c them vao trong Layout View. Them Text doc theo mot ng nam ngang Chon button Text tren thanh cong cu Draw
Click chuot tren ban o va nhap dong k t vao.

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Them Text doc theo mot ng cong Tren thanh Draw ben canh chon vao button Nhap up khi muon ket thuc chon vertex Nhap vao dong chuoi mi. Splined Text Click chuot tren ban o e chon nhng vertex ma Spline i qua
Them Text trong mot o chu thch (CallOut) Tren thanh cong cu Draw, chon vao button Callout Text
Click chuot vao iem tren ban o va nhap vao dong chuoi Click chuot tren button Callout Text lan na e co the chnh sa cac vertex tren CallOut Box cho thch hp.
Thay oi Font, mau va kch thc cua Text Chon vao button Select Graphics Text muon thay oi tren thanh Draw va chon oi tng
Chon nhng button thch hp e thay oi thuoc tnh can thiet.
Thay oi chuoi Chon vao button Select Graphics tng Text muon thay oi tren thanh Draw va nhap up vao oi
Nhap dong chuoi mi vao hop thoai Properties
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4.3 Chon Graphic e lam viec vi Graphic phai chon no trc. Moi lan chon co the nh lai kch thc, mau, hnh dang. e chon c nhieu hn mot Graphic, can phai nh ngha mot kieu chon e co the lam viec giong nh la mot nhom. Co the chon Graphic vi cong cu Select Graphics. Chon mot Graphic oc lap bang cach ch vao chung va chon mot nhom bang cach re mot hnh ch nhat bao quanh no. Gi phm Shift trong khi chon se chon them nhieu Graphic hoac xoa chon khi Graphic ang chon. Co the de dang nhan biet c Graphic ang chon bi hnh ch nhat mau xanh co cac nut ieu khien bao chung quanh no. Khi chon nhieu oi tng se thay mot trong so Graphic c chon co mau xanh nhat va so con lai la mau xanh la cay. Graphic mau xanh nhat se chi phoi ti nhng Graphic mau xanh la cay khi s dung chc nang sap xep. Co the oi Graphic chi phoi bang cach gi phm Ctrl va chon len Graphic ang chon khac muon tr thanh Graphic chi phoi. Chon mot Graphic -
Chon button Select Graphics
tren thanh cong cu Draw
Di chuyen chuot tren Graphic muon chon va click vao no. Tren menu Edit chon Select All Elements.
Chon tat ca cac Graphic -
4.4 Di chuyen, xoay va sap xep th t cac Graphic Hau het cong viec trong khi xay dng ban o eu oi hoi phai sap xep th t cac Graphic. V du, nh hng cho nhan xung quanh cac oi tng cho phu hp trong khung d lieu ban o hoac v tr cua cac oi tng ban o nh tieu e, khung trang tr, mui ten hng Bac tren trang in. ArcMap cung cap mot so cong cu cho phep nh v tr va nh hng Graphic. Co the dch chuyen Graphic bang re chung bang chuot hoac khi can v tr chnh xac hn, co the bat chung nhch len, xuong, qua trai, qua phai. Graphic co the nh v tr
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chung bang cach nhap vao toa o cua chung. Co the dch chuyen mot Graphic len tren mot Graphic khac, xoay no hoac lat chung theo chieu ngang hay doc. Dch chuyen mot Graphic Chon Graphic bang button Select Graphic tren thanh Draw Dung chuot re Graphic nay ti v tr khac. S dung button Select Grapgic e chon Graphic muon di chuyen chung vi mot khoang cach nho Tren thanh cong cu Draw, click Drawing, ch vao Nugde va chon hng muon dch chuyen Graphic Cung co the nhch Graphic bang cach s dung cac phm mui ten khi chon cac Graphic.
Nhch Graphic -
nh v tr Graphic bang ch nh toa o Chon Graphic va nhap up chuot tren Graphic se c hien th hop thoai Properties Chon vao tab Size and Position Nhap toa o v tr cua Graphic.
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Trong Layout View toa o nhap theo goc di ben trai cua trang in, con trong Data View toa o nhap theo khong gian ma d lieu tham chieu Th t Graphic Chon Graphic ma ta muon at no nam tren hay nam di Graphic khac Tren thanh cong cu Draw, chon Drawing, ch vao Order va la chon th t muon
Xoay Graphic Chon Graphic muon xoay Click cong cu Rotate tren thanh cong cu Draw
Khi chon chc nang nay, se thay mot dau hnh ch X trong Graphic. o chnh la tam quay, co the s dung chuot e dch chuyen tam quay i cho khac Chon va re chuot e quay Graphic.
Neu muon quay graphic mot goc 900 th co the s dung chc nang Rotate Left trong button Draw.
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Lat Graphic Chon Graphic muon lat Tren thanh Draw, ch vao Rotate or Flip va chon Flip Horizontally hoac Flip Vertically.
Lam cho cac Graphic co cung kch thc Chon cac Graphic muon cho cung kch thc Tren thanh cong cu Draw ch vao Distribute va click Make Same Size.
Graphic se la Graphic chon sau cung, tat ca cac Graphic khac se co cung Graphic nay. Nhom cac Graphic Sau khi thc hien sap xep, canh hang cac Graphic e khong thay oi cac v tr cua chung, ta co the nhom chung lai vi nhau. Khi can thiet dch chuyen chung th v tr tng oi gia chung khong thay oi Chon nhng Graphic muon nhom Tren button Drawing chon Group. Chon nhom Graphic muon ra thanh nhng oi tng rieng re Tren thanh Drawing chon Ungroup.
Ra nhom cac Graphic -
4.5 Hien th nhan Nhan la mot dang dong mo ta c at gan mot hay nhieu oi tng tren ban o. Nhan giup cho ngi oc ban o de hieu hn. Co the at nhan cho nhng oi tng bang nhng cach sau: at nhan cho mot oi tng mi Trong TOC, click phai lp muon hien th nhan chon Properties Chon tab Labels
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Phng phap nay ch cho phep them mot nhan cho tng oi tng. -
Chon tren thanh xo Label Field va click Field muon s dung e hien th nhan Click OK Tren thanh cong cu Draw, chon button Label Features , co the click mui ten e chon loai button hien th nhan.
Click Place label at position clicked e at nhan tai v tr click. Neu chon Automatically find best placement th ArcMap se t ong at nhan tai v tr tot nhat. Click Choose a style e chon mot Style thch hp Click chuot tren oi tng muon hien th nhan. ArcMap se hien th nhan no
at nhan cho tat ca cac oi tng trong Layer
Khi muon hien th nhan cho toan bo cac oi tng tren mot Layer hay mot vai Layer, co the s dung chc nang hien th nhan ong cua ArcMap. Vi nhan ong, ArcMap se t ong at mot nhan tren moi oi tng mien la u khong gian e hien th ma khong phai chong lap len nhau. So lng nhan se tang khi phong ban o. Trong TOC, click phai tren Layer muon hien th nhan va chon Properties Click tab Labels Kiem vao hop kiem Label Features Tren thanh xo Label Field va chon Field muon s dung e hien th nhan
at nhan cho mot phan oi tng trong Layer
Co the hien th nhan cho mot phan oi tng trong lp. V du trong mot lp cac thanh pho, co the hien th nhan cho nhng thanh pho nao co so dan tren 100.000 ngi. Co the tao nhng tap hp oi tng o bang cach truy van gia tr bang thuoc tnh.
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Trong TOC, click phai tren Layer muon hien th nhan va chon Properties Click tab Labels Chon tren mui ten Method va click Define classes of features and label each class differently Tren thanh xo Label Field chon Field muon s dung Field lam nhan Chon SQL Query Chon tren hop thoai SQL Query cac phep toan e tao cau truy van oi tng.
Click OK Chon Label Styles e chon kieu hien th nhan mong muon Neu muon tao nhan cho lp khac co the nhap Add va nhap ten lp oi tng mi Tng t nh cac lp tren chon cau truy van va kieu cho lp nay.
4.6 Quyen u tien va v tr cua nhan Vi ArcMap co the tao c nhieu nhan ma khong chong lap len nhau trong khong gian cua ban o. Do o co the Pan, Zoom quanh ban o va ArcMap se t ong ieu chnh nhan trong khong gian co tren ban o. Khi xem d lieu di t le nho se thay t nhan hn la xem d lieu t le ln. e tang kha nang hien th nhan tren nhng oi tng ac trng va loai cua oi tng, co
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the ang ky nhng oi tng nay vi quyen u tien cao hn. V du khi xem thu nho mot ban o ch can xem ten cua cac ng cao toc, ma khong can phai xem ten cac ng noi bo, neu hien th toan bo ca hai loai ng nay se khong co khong gian hien th u nhan. Co the ieu khien th t u tien viec hien th nhan tren ban o trong ArcMap. ArcMap cung cho phep ieu khien v tr cua nhan quan he vi oi tng. V du nh la nhan nam tren, nam di.... oi tng. V tr cua nhan cung le thuoc vao viec cho phep nhan chong lap len nhau hay khong. Khi cho phep nhan chong lap len nhau, co the thay nhieu nhan hn trong khong gian at chung. nh quyen u tien hien th nhan Trong TOC, click phai tren Data Frame cha Layer muon hien th nhan va chon Properties Chon tab Label Chon Layer muon thay oi quyen u tien hien th nhan Click button mui ten len xuong e nh v tr u tien cua cac lp Click OK.
V tr cua nhan
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Trong TOC, click phai tren Layer muon hien th nhan va chon Properties Chon tab Label Chon Label Placement Options Chon kieu v tr hien th nhan, nhng la chon nay se thay oi oi vi nhng kieu d lieu khac nhau (iem, ng, vung) Click OK. Trong TOC, click phai tren Layer muon hien th nhan va chon Properties Chon tab Label Click Conflict Detection Rules nh gia tr cho nhan va oi tng. Mot oi tng hoac nhan co gia tr thap co the b chong bi mot oi tng co gia tr cao hn.
Cho phep nhan chong lap len nhau -
4.7 Xay dng chuoi cho nhan oi tng Moi lp tren ban o muon hien th nhan, co the chon mot hay nhieu trng thuoc tnh e tao chuoi muon hien th. Cung co the ieu khien cach ma nhan xuat hien tren ban o. Neu nhan cua oi tng c tao t hai hay nhieu trng, co the at chuoi cua trng nay ben canh chuoi cua trng kia hoac cai nay tren cai kia. Co mot vai chc nang nang cao cho viec hien th nhan phai lap trnh e tao dong chuoi nhan bang ngon ng VBScript hoac JavaScript. S dung nhieu hn mot trng e tao nhan Trong TOC, click phai tren Layer muon hien th nhan va chon Properties
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Chon tab Label Click Expression Nhap up Label Fields e chon Field s dung gia tr cua no e hien th nhan Click Verify e kiem tra dong chuoi nhap co thch hp hoac ung cu phap khong. Trong TOC, click phai tren layer muon hien th nhan va chon Properties Chon tab Label Click Expression Kiem vao hop kiem Advanced Chon bieu thc bang ngon ng VBScript hoac JavaScript Chon Verify e kiem tra cu phap nhap co ung khong.
Tao nhan bang cach s dung Script -
V du ve oan ma viet bang VBScript Function FindLabel ( [Name], [CAPITAL], [POPULATION] ) FindLabel = [Name] & vbNewLine & "<BOL>" & [POPULATION] & "</BOL>" End Function Ket qua
4.8 In ban o vi nhan Vi nhan ong, ArcMap luon ieu chnh kch thc cua nhan e hien th hau het nhan trong khong gian san co. ArcMap luon nh lai v tr cua nhan trong qua trnh in nham hien th toi a nhan ma no the hien th trong khong gian san co. Mot vai ban o, can phai ieu khien chnh xac v tr cua no tren oi tng. Co the s dung Print Preview e xem trc ban o trc khi in. Neu nhan nhng v tr co the chap nhan c th co the in no ra ban ve. Neu qua trnh in van khong the hien th chnh xac kch thc mong muon co the lam theo nhng bc sau: S dung nhan ong e nh v tr khi au cho nhan Chuyen nhan ong thanh dang chu thch tren ban o Dch chuyen cac chu thch nay quanh oi tng e v tr cua no c chnh xac hn Co the tm trong hop thoai Overflow Labels cac nhan ma ArcMap khong the at tren ban o do khong u khong gian. T hop thoai nay chon nhng nhan va at chung tren ban o
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Mot khi at v tr cac nhan tren ban o chnh xac, co the in no. Nhan ma thay tren man hnh nh the nao th trong ban ve in ra nh vay.
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Bai 5: The hien k hieu cac oi tng ban o
BAI 5:
THE HIEN K HIEU CAC OI TNG BAN O
Viec la chon cach hien th cac oi tng tren ban o la rat quan trong trong viec quyet nh thanh lap ban o cua ban. Ta can hien th nhng oi tng cua ban o nh the nao e nhng oi tng o mang nhng thong tin tong quat en ngi xem ch khong n thuan la v tr cua cac oi tng. Trong mot so ban o, ch muon hien th v tr cac oi tng trong khong gian, e lam c ieu nay ch can ve tat ca cac oi tng tren ban o cung mot k hieu. Nhng cung co mot so ban o khac, can hien th thong tin thuoc tnh ben canh thong tin khong gian hoac hien th nhng thong tin ac trng cua chung. Nhn chung th mot oi tng ban o co the hien th di nhng dang: Vi mot k hieu n Loai cua oi tng giong nh ten (Unique Value) Mo ta so lng giong nh ban o dan so (Graduate color va graduate Symbol) Hien th nhieu thuoc tnh lien quan vi nhau (Multivariate) Anh Raster Mo hnh TIN Ban ve CAD
Cung co the ve k hieu cho kieu d lieu:
5.1 Trnh bay ban o Ban o ch co mot k hieu Khi cho ban o hien th di mot k hieu, ieu nay ch cho phan biet c v tr cua cac oi tng, cho chung ta nhan biet cac oi tng nay tap trung hay phan tan, hay nhn toan bo ban o co the thay c mo hnh bo tr cua cac a vat. V du nh tren ban o chau A s dung ban o mot k hieu. Trong o moi thanh pho c k hieu bang mot dau cham, co the de dang nhan biet ni nao co ngi sinh song va co the ket luan c khu vc nao dan c tap trung ong thong qua mat o dau cham the hien trong khu vc.
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Ban o phan loai Trong ban o phan loai, hien th nhng oi tng cung loai, ac trng, kieu nh ngha vi nhau tren cung mot gia tr thuoc tnh. V du trong phan loai s dung at, moi loai s dung at co the dung mot mau ac trng e hien th chung. ien hnh la moi gia tr se hien th mot k hieu vi mau khac nhau. Phan loai oi tng ban o se hien th : Cac oi tng tng t nhau phan bo nh the nao? Chung tap trung hay phan tan Nhng loai oi tng khac nhau nhng v tr khac nhau se quan he vi nhau nh the nao? So sach tng quan gia cac loai oi tng.
Ban o mau tang dan (Graduated color map)
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Khi can hien th so lng oi tng tren ban o, co the chon phng phap mau tang dan. Mau tang dan la tap hp mot loat k hieu ma mau sac thay oi tuy theo gia tr cua thuoc tnh. Thong thng, mau tang dan c dung e hien th d lieu co cap bac (v du nh t 1 ti 10, t thap ti cao) hoac dang so lieu x l (nh o dai, t le, phan tram...). Ban o phan bo dan c s dung o am nhat khac nhau cua mau sac, tai nhng ni ong dan c mau sac se am hn. o am nhat cua mau sac se t le vi mat o dan c.
Ban o k hieu tang dan (Graduated symbol map) Mot cach khac e the hien so lng cua oi tng la thay oi kch thc k hieu cua oi tng. Giong nh mau tang dan, kch thc k hieu tang dan thng the hien k hieu co cap bac va so lieu di dang x l. Tuy nhien thay v dung mau sac e phan biet s khac biet o th ta lai dung kch thc cua k hieu. Khi s dung chc nang nay can phai chu y ti gii han cua kch thc k hieu. Co khi nhng k hieu qua ln se che phu nhng k hieu khac hoac kch thc k hieu qua nho cung khong phan biet c s khac nhau gia cac oi tng.
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The hien k hieu theo nhieu tham so (Multivariate map) Khong giong nh ban o ch the hien mot thuoc tnh, ac iem cua d lieu, hoac ten hoac so lng. Ban o the hien k hieu theo nhieu tham so co the hien th hai hoac nhieu hn thuoc tnh trong cung mot thi gian. Trong cung mot thi iem co the cho hien th thuoc tnh theo kch thc k hieu va gia tr duy nhat cho ten cua moi oi tng
Ban o kieu Raster Hau het d lieu a ly thc te ma co san eu di hnh thc anh Raster. Anh Raster co the hien th bat ky oi tng nao. D lieu Raster lam viec trong ArcMap thng la ban o Scan vao hoac anh ve tinh be mat trai at. Cung co the s dung anh hang khong lam d lieu nen thc cho nhng d lieu khac hoac cung co the s dung anh ve tinh e cap nhat nhng bien oi d lieu thi tiet, ng b theo thi gian. Ta cung co the cap nhat d lieu bang anh Raster.
Ban o kieu mo hnh be mat (TIN) Mot cach bieu dien s lien tuc cua be mat, cao o cua a hnh la hien th be mat nh la mot ban o a hnh noi. Kieu ban o nay hien th cao o bang cach tang dan
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mau va anh bong nh hoac thung lung va sn oi nh la be ngoai be mat b phan chieu anh sang. S dung ban o bang d lieu CAD Ta co the s dung trc tiep ban ve CAD trong ArcMap ma khong can phai chuyen nhng d lieu sang nhng nh dang GIS khac. Co the ieu khien ArcMap ve nhng oi tng mot cach chnh xac, ieu nay thuan li cho mot so to chc a co san ban ve CAD. 5.2 Hien th tat ca cac oi tng vi mot k hieu Thong thng, cac oi tng trong ban o khong ch cho chung ta thay v tr khong gian cua no. Ban o tong quat v tr cac oi tng cho phep phat hien ra nhng qui luat va phng hng giup chung ta ra quyet nh tot hn. V du, mot doanh nhan co ban o v tr cac khach hang, khi xem xet ni ma ho sinh song se giup cho nha kinh doanh nay quyet nh muc tieu quang cao. Mot cach de dang e nhn tong quat cac oi tng la hien th chung vi mot k hieu. Khi tao mot lp mi mac nh ArcMap se ve vi mot k hieu. Trong TOC, click phai chuot tren Layer muon ve vi mot k hieu va chon Properties Chon Symbology Chon Features, bi v trong Features ch co mot muc Single Symbol nen mac nh ArcMap se chon no Chon vao button Symbol e thay oi k hieu hien th Trong hop thoai Symbol Selector, chon Symbol mi hay thay oi thuoc tnh cua k hieu e hien th phan chu thch ben canh k hieu trong TOC nhap chu thch vao hop thoai The label appears next to the symbol in the table of contents e thay oi nhanh k hieu cua Layer, trong TOC click chuot tren k hieu nay th se xuat hien hop thoai Symbol Selector e thay oi nhanh mau cua k hieu, Trong TOC, click phai chuot tren k hieu se xuat hien hop thoai Color Selector.
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5.3 Hien th oi tng theo loai Loai la tap hp cac oi tng co cung mot gia tr thuoc tnh. V du, da vao d lieu tha at vi mot gia tr thuoc tnh cho phep mo ta loai at s dung, nh la nha , khu vc kinh doanh, khu vc cong cong. Co the s dung nhng k hieu khac nhau e bieu tng cho moi gia tr duy nhat o. Bang cach nay se cho thay v tr cua oi tng va loai cua chung. Nhn chung, e hien th ban o loai nay can phai co nhng loai thuoc tnh sau: Thuoc tnh mo ta ten, kieu hay ac trng cua oi tng Thuoc tnh cha kch thc hoac so lng c phan nhom Thuoc tnh mang tnh duy nhat nh ngha oi tng, nh la ten cua quoc gia, tnh.
Co the e cho ArcMap ch nh k hieu cho moi loai tren lc o mau sac hoac ch nh dt khoat mot k hieu cho mot gia tr thuoc tnh. e ve oi tng vi nhng k hieu ch nh, can phai tao mot kieu k hieu trc va cha ten cua k hieu sau khi thuoc tnh hien th. V du, co mot d lieu phan loai ng chnh va ng phu. Ta se co nhng k hieu kieu ng chnh va ng phu. ArcMap se ket hp chnh xac k hieu va thuoc tnh e ve chung. Nhng oi tng nao khong co k hieu tng ng se khong c ve. Hien th d lieu theo cach nay se ve cung mot k hieu tren nhng ban o khac nhau. Layer hien th nhng gia tr duy nhat Trong TOC, click phai chuot tren Layer muon ve vi mot k hieu va chon Properties Chon Symbology Chon Categories, mac nh ArcMap se t ong chon Categories
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Chon vao mui ten xo xuong trong Value Field chon trng cha gia tr muon a vao ban o Chon vao mui ten xo xuong trong Color Scheme va chon lc o mau Chon Add All Values Neu muon mo ta them cho k hieu chon Label trong cot Label, nhap vao chu thch mi.
Layer hien th oi tng theo k hieu ch nh trong Style Trong TOC, click phai chuot tren Layer muon ve vi mot k hieu va chon Properties Chon Symbology Chon Categories, mac nh ArcMap se t ong chon Categories Chon vao Match to Symbols in a Style. Chon vao mui ten xo xuong trong Value Field chon trng cha gia tr muon a vao ban o Chon mui ten xo Match to symbols in Style va chon Style co cha nhng gia tr trung vi gia tr thuoc tnh. Neu Style khong c hien th trong thanh xo co the dung button Browse e tm no tren a Chon Match Symbol e them thong tin chu thch, chon Label tren cot Label e nhap chu thch mi.
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Sap xep nhng gia tr duy nhat Trong TOC, click phai chuot tren Layer muon ve vi mot k hieu va chon Properties Chon Symbology Click chuot vao cot gia tr e hien th Menu Chon Reverse Sorting.
5.4 Quan ly loai oi tng Neu the hien oi tng theo loai th so loai oi tng se c hien th len ban o. Viec the hien nhieu loai oi tng se cho chung ta nhan thay va tm hieu nhng qui luat phan bo oi tng tren ban o. Khi hien th d lieu, co the ieu khien va to chc viec phan loai oi tng. Neu muon hien th t loai th co the nhom hai oi tng tng t nhau thanh mot loai. V du, nhom hai loai at s dung chi tiet thanh mot loai s dung chung. Viec nhom cac loai lam cho qui luat hien th them ro rang. Tuy nhien mot so thong tin se b mat i. Mac du
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co the giam bt so loai bang cach nhom, nhng co the lam viec oc lap tren cac nhom nh ngha. Ket hp hai hay nhieu loai thanh mot Trong TOC, click phai chuot tren Layer ang ve vi phan loai oi tng duy nhat muon ket hp phan loai va chon Properties Chon tab Symbology, se thay cac loai hien th pha di Chon gia tr au ta muon ket hp, gi phm Ctrl hoac phm Shift e them gia tr muon ket hp Click phai tren cac gia tr va chon Group. Trong hop thoai Layer Properties, click phai tren gia tr ket hp Chon Ungroup Trong TOC, click phai chuot tren Layer ang ve vi phan loai gia tr duy nhat muon to chc phan loai va chon Properties Chon tab Symbology Chon gia tr au muon nhom lai vi nhau. Gi phm Shift hoac Ctrl e chon them gia tr Click phai tren gia tr c chon, tro ti Move to Heading, va click New Heading. Nhap ten Heading mi.
Tach loai ket hp thanh tng loai
To chc phan loai trong nhom
5.5 Hien th d lieu ve so lng D lieu nh lng la d lieu mo ta oi tng trong tap hp mot so lng cac ga tr o lng. Khong giong nh d lieu phan loai, gia tr hien th la nhng gia tr duy nhat nh la ten oi tng, d lieu nh lng mo ta nhng con so, so em, so lng, t le, day gia tr. V du d lieu mo ta lng ma, dan so. Khi hien th gia tr nh lng, co the gan cho moi gia tr mot k hieu hoac nhom cac gia tr trong cac lp mot k hieu khac nhau. Neu ban o ch co vai gia tr co the gan cho moi gia tr mot k hieu, trong trng hp gia tr trong d lieu qua nhieu cac gia tr khac nhau phai nhom chung thanh nhng lp. V du nh phan loai d lieu la ban o nhiet o co the thay trong cac bai bao. Thay v hien th cac gia tr oc lap, th ban o nhiet o hien th di nhng dai nhiet o. Moi dai ai dien cho mot khoang nhiet o. Ta co the nh gii han cua moi lp va iem ngat, gia tr ln va nho trong cac lp se quyet nh c oi tng nao thuoc ve lp o va cach ma ban o hien th. Khi thay oi cac lp se tao ra nhng kieu nhn khac nhau tren ban o. Noi chung muc ch la lam sao cac oi tng co ac tnh tng t nhau se trong mot lp. Hai nhan to chnh e phan loai oi tng la bieu o phan loai se s dung va so lp se tao. Neu biet ro ve d lieu cua mnh th co the t phan loai cac lp, neu khong
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th e cho ArcMap phan loai va s dung lc o chuan. Co bon lc o c s dung pho bien la iem ngat t nhien, nh lng, chia eu va o lech chuan. 5.6 Lc o phan loai chuan iem ngat t nhien Tao mot nhom oi tng tren nen tang cac gia tr trong t nhien. ArcMap se xac nh nhng iem ngat tot nhat cho viec tao cac nhom tng t nhau va co s khac biet gia cac nhom la ln nhat. nh lng Moi lp se cha bang nhau so lng cac oi tng. Phan loai kieu nay phu hp cho d lieu phan phoi tuyen tnh. Bi v so oi tng trong moi nhom se bang nhau nen ban o ket qua co the b sai lech. Cac oi tng tng t nhau co the at lien ke nhau trong mot lp hoac cac oi tng co gia tr khac biet nhau xa cung co the trong cung mot lp. Ta co the giam s sai lech nay bang cach tang so lp. Chia eu Bieu o phan loai nay chia gii han cua thuoc tnh d lieu thanh nhng phan bang nhau. V du oi tng co thuoc tnh co gii han t 0 en 300 muon chia d lieu nay thanh 3 nhom, moi nhom se mo ta d lieu co kch thc trong pham vi 100 vi cac lp 0-100, 101-200, 201-300. Kieu nay ap dung cho kieu d lieu co gii han tng t nhau nh t le phan tram va nhiet o. o lech chuan Bieu o phan loai nay bieu dien kieu gia tr d lieu bien thien theo gia tr trung bnh. ArcMap se tnh c gia tr trung bnh sau o tao ra nhng lp rieng biet bang cach cong hoac tr o lech chuan. Co hai dai mau dung e nhan manh gia tr tren va di gia tr trung bnh. 5.7 Hien th nh lng cua oi tng nh so em hoac so lng Khi muon the hien thong tin co bao nhieu cai tai ni nao o th dung kieu hien th gia tr nh lng. Gia tr nay co the la so em, t so nh phan tram hoac cap hang cao, thap va trung bnh. Co the hien th so lng tren ban o bang cach bien thien mau hoac kch thc k hieu dung e ve oi tng. V du co the tang o sang toi cua mau xanh tng ng vi lng ma tren tng oi tng, hoac nhng vong tron ai dien cho dan so cua thanh pho, vong tron ln th dan so ong. Noi chung, can phan loai d lieu khi hien th no. Phan loai d lieu la nhng nhom oi tng co gia tr tng t nhau va hien th chung cung mot k hieu. Co the t chon cac lp hoac ng dung mot so lc o phan loai chuan e lam ieu nay mot cach t ong. Mot khi nh ngha cac lp co the them, xoa hoac nh ngha lai pham vi cac lp. Cung co the Normalize d lieu trc khi hien th chung. Khi Normalize d lieu, chia no vi mot gia tr thuoc tnh khac e c t le cua chung. Thong thng th gia tr t le se de hieu hn la nhng gia tr tho. V du chia tong so dan tren dien tch sinh song c so ngi sinh song tren mot n v dien tch, ieu nay noi len mat o dan c. Chia
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doanh thu ban hang cua mot ai ly tren tong so doanh thu ban hang ta c t le doanh thu cua moi ai ly. Hien th so lng vi mau
Trong TOC, click phai tren layer muon thc hien va chon Properties Chon tab Symbology Click Quantities, ArcMap se t ong chon mau tang dan Click thanh xo Value va chon Field muon hien th so lng cho ban o e Normalize d lieu, chon tren thanh xo Normalization e chon Field. ArcMap se chia Field nay vi ga tr e tao t le Chon Ramp mau tren thanh xo Color Ramp Click tren thanh xo Classes va chon so lp muon phan loai Chon Classify Chon phng phap phan loai tren thanh xo Method e phan loai oi tng Trong TOC, cho hien th hop thoai Properties cua lp muon thc hien trong tab Symbology chon Quantities. Nhap up chuot tren bieu tng tren cung trong List va chon Ramp mau bat au Nhap up chuot tren bieu tng di cung trong List va chon Ramp mau cuoi cung Co the tuy chon mau cho tat ca cac bieu tng trong List
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Tao Ramp mau cho Layer
Click phai chuot tren mot Symbol va chon Ramp Color Cung co the lu lai Ramp mau e s dung no tren Layer khac bang cach click phai chuot tren thanh xo Color Ramp va chon Save e Ramp mau lai. Trong TOC, click phai chuot tren Layer va chon Properties Click Symbology Click Quantities va chon Graduated symbols Tren thanh xo Value chon chon Field co gia tr so muon hien th tren ban o Nhap gia tr ln nhat va nho nhat cua kch thc Symbol va chon Classify. Chon kieu phan loai muon hien th Tren thanh xo Classes chon so lp se phan loai Click Ok. Trong TOC, click phai chuot tren Layer, chon Properties Click Symbology Click Quantities va chon Proportional symbols Tren thanh xo Value chon Field co gia tr so muon hien th tren ban o Click OK. Trong TOC, click phai chuot tren Layer, chon Properties Click Symbology Click Quantities va chon Proportional Symbols
Hien th so lng vi tang kch thc k hieu -
Hien th so lng tng ng vi kch c k hieu
Hien th so lng vi ban o mat o
5.8 Hien th oi tng theo nhieu d lieu thuoc tnh ArcMap cho phep hien th k hieu ban o ket hp hai phng phap phan loai va so lng. Bang phng phap nay giup cho hien th nhieu thong tin tren ban o nhng oi luc gay cho ngi oc kho hieu. Trong TOC, click phai chuot tren Layer, chon Properties Click Symbology Chon Multiple Attributes Tren thanh xo au tien, chon Field muon hien th tren ban o Chon mot lc o mau Click Add All Values Chon Symbol Size hoac Color Ramp, phu thuoc vao kieu ban o muon hien th Click thanh xo Value va chon Field muon hien th vi so lng
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Click OK.
5.9 Hien th bieu o tren moi oi tng theo gia tr thuoc tnh
5.10
Trong TOC, click phai chuot tren Layer, chon Properties Click Symbology Chon Charts va click Pie Chon Field trong Field Selection. Co the chon nhieu Field e xem quan he gia chung Click vao thanh xo Color Scheme e chon lc o mau Click vao Size Chon Variation Type muon s dung Click OK. S dung bo k hieu cua Layer khac
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Trong TOC, click phai chuot tren Layer, chon Properties Click Symbology Chon Import Click vao la chon au tien e nhap vao k hieu t mot Layer khac trong ban o hoac t mot File Layer (*.lyr) Chon Layer tren thanh xo Layer hoac co the chon Browser e chon file Layer tren o a Click OK.
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Bai 6: Thiet ke trang in
BAI 6:
THIET KE TRANG IN
Trong khi xay dng mot d an ve GIS th mot thanh phan quan trong khong the thieu trong tat ca cac chng trnh GIS la tao trang in. Trang in (Layout) la mot cach hien th d lieu danh cho viec xuat ban o trong ArcMap, trong o cho phep sap xep cac thanh phan cua ban o nh thanh tieu e, thanh t le, ghi chu, noi dung ban o tren mot trang ao trong Layout View trc khi xuat no ra ngoai. Ban o c xuat ra co the c treo tren tng, kem theo bao cao, a len trang Web... Tuy theo moi dang cong viec ma cac thanh phan cua ban o cung khac nhau, cho nen trong ArcMap cung co mot so mau ban o co chc nang nh mot khuon mau e s dung khi tao ban o. 6.1 Tao va s dung ban o mau Neu nh muon tao mot loat ban o co cau truc giong nhau ve cac thanh phan tren ban o th s dung nhng khuon ban o mau (Template) cua ArcMap. S dung khuon mau cho phep ta khong mat nhieu thi gian cho viec thc hien thu cong cac thanh phan v tr, cach hien th cua cac thanh phan tren ban o. Neu nh s dung mot khuon mau ban o, se tao mot Document khong ten va tat ca cac Layout lu trong Template. Mac nh tat ca cac template c cha trong th muc \Bin\Template\. Khi cac Template cha trong th muc nay th no se c hien th trong hop thoai New. Cac File Template co phan uoi la (*.mxt) M mot Template khi khi ong ArcMap Khi ong ArcMap Chon Start using ArcMap with a Template trong hop thoai Startup
Chon Ok, se thay hop thoai chon Template Chon mot Template
Trong trng hp muon tao mot Template mi khi a khi ong ArcMap roi, ta co the nhap tren thanh menu File va chon New. Neu nhap button New Map File , se tao mot ban o rong.
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Tao Template t mot ban o Ta co the lam c ieu nay neu nh ban o c xay dng da tren file Normal.mxt. Click menu File va chon Save As Trong thanh xo Save As Type chon ArcMap Templates Nhap ten cua Template mi.
Moi Folder trong th muc \Bin\Template\ se c hien th mot Tab trong Hop thoai New. Qua o, co the phan loai c cac loai Template cho cac muc ch khac nhau. Khi tao mot Folder mi tng ng trong hop thoai New cung tao mot Tab mi cung ten Folder. 6.2 nh cach hien th trang Khi muon in ban o, ta se lam viec trong mot trang ao cua Layout View. Viec nh cau hnh mot trang in rat quan trong v no quyet nh kch thc hieu qua cua cac bieu tng, k hieu, oi tng. nh trang in bao gom cac cong viec: Kch thc trang in Hng cua trang in May in Phan le cua trang in.
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Kch thc trang in - Trong Layout View click phai tren trang ao va chon Page Setup Tren thanh xo Name, chon may in muon s dung Tren thanh xo Printer Page Size chon kch thc trang giay phu hp ban o Neu chon hop kiem Same As Printer nhng thong so nh hng, kch thc se c chon giong nh trong trang in Trong khung Map Setup neu chon hop kiem Scale Map elements proortionaly to changes in page size th khi kch thc cua trang ao va trang in khong phu hp nhau cac oi tng trong ban o se co gian cho phu hp kch thc mi.
Hng trang in - Trong Layout View click phai tren trang ao chon Page Setup Trong khung Map Size, chon Landscape hoac Portrait e nh hng trang in. Hien th hop thoai Page Setup Chon vao hop kiem Show printer margins on Layout Hien th hop thoai Page Setup Trong khung Map Setup, thanh trt chon Normal. Neu muon thay oi o phan giai cua anh khi xuat ra chon cac mc o khac no giup cho file in co kch thc nho va may in x l nhanh hn. Hien th phan le trang in
Chon chat lng anh khi xuat ban o di dang anh
6.3 Thay oi Layout Mot cach nhanh e thay oi cach sap xep cac oi tng tren ban o la thay oi Layout Template. Vi cach nay, chon cach sap xep cac oi tng ban o theo cac khuon ban o a co san ma khong phai mat thi gian sap xep va nh v tr chung lai. Khi thay oi Template, th trang in se ch cha nhng oi tng ban o c nh ngha trong Template. Ngoai ra, tat ca cac oi tng cua trang in se c nh dang lai theo nh ngha cua Template
Trang 6 - 3
Chon button Change Layout Chon Template muon s dung
tren Layout Toolbar
Neu tren ban o goc va Template ch s dung mot Data Frame th chon Data Frame. Neu co nhieu hn mot Data Frame, chon Next e sap xep cac v tr cua cac Data Frame cho phu hp Chon Data Frame muon nh v tr tren ban o Click Move up va Move down e thay oi v tr cua no trong lp.
6.4 nh dang Data Frame e nhan manh d lieu khong gian tren ban o co the them cac khung vien, mot nen sau, bong o. e de dang xac nh v tr cac oi tng khi xem ban o co the them li cho ban o. Li nay chia Data Frame theo kinh tuyen va v tuyen, li chieu hay ch nh so hang, so cot trong Data Frame Them khung vien cho Data Frame Trong TOC, click phai Data Frame va chon Properties Chon tab Frame Click thanh xo Border va chon mot k hieu khung vien Tren thanh xo Color, chon mau cho khung vien Nhap X, Y e nh khoang cach khung vien vi canh cua Data Frame Nhap so phan tram Rounding e bo tron goc cua khung.
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Them nen cho Data Frame - Tng t nh tao khung vien, trong hop thoai Properties Chon kieu mau nen, toa o X, Y cua canh, Rounding. Tren menu View, chon Data frame Tools trong Toolbars Chon cong cu Rotate Data Frame Xoay d lieu trong Data Frame
- Click va re chuot tren Data Frame e xoay no. Khi xoay Data Frame bang cong cu nay se khong lam bien oi d lieu goc cua no. Neu muon xoay Data Frame vi mot goc chnh xac, co the nhap no tren thanh cong cu Data Frame Tools. 6.5 Hien th li e ve c li trong Data Frame, chon mot trong ba loai li: Graticules: neu nh d lieu bao phu mot vung rong ln cua be mat trai at, hien th li di dang nhng ng tng trng cho kinh v o.
Measured grids: neu nh d lieu ch mot vung, nh la mot quoc gia co the hien th li tng trng cho he thong toa o li chieu
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Reference grids: neu nh d lieu ch la mot khu vc nho mang tnh cuc bo, nh la mot khu vc nghien cu. Ta co the hien th li chieu chia Data Frame thanh nhng o vuong bi nhng hang va cot Trong TOC, nhap up vao Data Frame muon hien th li Chon tab Grid trong hop thoai Data Frame Properties Chon New Grid, hop thoai Grids and Graticules Wizard se xuat hien Chon Measured Grid Nhap ten cua li Chon Next.
Chon mot kieu hien th li trong khung Appearance Chon Properties e nh he thong li chieu cho Data Frame neu khong th chon cung li chieu cua Data Frame cung c Nhap khoang cach gia hai ng thang, chon Next Kiem tra lai cac truc toa o va nh cach chung hien th, chon Next Chon Measured Grid Border can s dung Chon kieu Measured Grid la dang tnh hay la cap nhat neu Data Frame co thay oi.
6.6 Them Data Frame Mot ban o co the co hn mot Data Frame c sap xep trong mot trang. Mot ban o n gian thng ch co mot Data Frame. Khi them mot Data Frame co nhieu cach khac nhau nh ban o tong quan hoac long vao nhau cho ngi oc ban o co the xem nhieu khu vc tham chieu ma so sanh vi nhau. Them mot Data Frame mi
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Tren menu Insert va click Data Frame. Sau o the them bat ky d lieu nao vao trong Data Frame mi. Click Data Frame e chon no Click menu Edit va chon Copy Click Menu Edit va chon Paste Sau khi Paste mot Data Frame mi se e len Data Frame cu, re chuot tren no va a no ti v tr khac tren trang.
Nhan oi mot Data Frame -
S dung mot Data Frame e ch mot v tr cua mot Data Frame khac
Click len Data Frame tong quat e chon no Click phai tren Data Frame tong quat nay va chon Properties Chon tab Extent Rectangle Chon Data Frame chi tiet trong danh sach Other data frames va click mui ten e Send no ti danh sach Show extent rectangle for these data frames.
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Chon Frame e chon khung bao ngoai Data Frame Chon cac thong so cho Data frame.
6.7 S dung cac oi tng ghi chu tren ban o Mot vai oi tng ban o co quan he vi d lieu trong Data Frame. Hng Bac, thanh t le, ch t le, ghi chu cac oi tng trong ban o can phai them vao e mo ta chi tiet d lieu ban o. Tieu e Mot thanh phan quan trong khong the thieu trong ban o la tieu e. Tieu e se mo ta muc ch chung cua ban o xay dng Tren menu Insert chon Title Nhap Title tren ban o Keo tha Title en v tr mong muon nh lai mot so thuoc tnh lien quan en cach hien th cua thanh tieu e
Hng Bac Hng Bac ch cho biet hng cua ban o Click menu Insert va chon North Arrow Chon mot North Arrow Click OK Keo va tha mui ten hng Bac ti mot v tr thch hp
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Thanh t le
0 17 0 34 0 6 80 1 ,02 0 Miles
Click menu Insert va chon Scale Bar Chon mot Scale Bar Click Properties, e thay oi cac thuoc tnh cua Scale Bar neu muon
Keo thanh t le ti v tr thch hp.
Ghi chu
Legend
_ [
Capi tal Cities Lake; Ocea n Land
Rivers Intersta te Hwy S tate Bnd
Lakes United Sta tes
Neighbo uring Countries
Tren menu Insert chon Legend. Hop thoai Legend Wizard se xuat hien Mac nh, tat ca cac Layer se c hien th. e xoa bo mot k hieu nao, chon no va chon mui ten ben trai e bo i S dung mui ten Up va Down e sap xep lai th t cac muc k hieu Chon Next. Nhap tieu e cua ghi chu va nh mot so thuoc tnh cua tieu e nay nh la Font, kch thc, mau sac Click Next. Chon Border va man hnh nen cho ghi chu Click Next. Chon mot muc k hieu trong danh sach cac k hieu e chnh sa k hieu cua no. Co the nh thuoc tnh k hieu nh mong muon
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Click Next. nh khoang cach trong gia cac k hieu. Chon Finish. Click phai mot oi tng, nh la ghi chu, va click Convert to Graphics Click phai tren Graphic va chon Ungroup. Bay gi co the chnh sa cac oi tng oc lap tren trang in.
Chuyen cac oi tng ban o thanh cac Graphic
6.8 Lam viec vi cac oi tng Graphic Cac oi tng Graphic c a vao trong trang in c dung e: Trang tr mot ban o Nhom cach thanh phan cua ban o lai vi nhau Xac nh ban o Nhan manh mot phan cua ban o Click thanh xo Graphic tren thanh cong cu ToolBar Chon button New Rectangle Click va re chuot e tao mot Graphic mong muon Co the nhap up chuot e hien th hop thoai Properties e thay oi cac thuoc tnh thch hp Tren menu Insert va chon Picture Chon mot Picture a co san tren o a Click Open Click va re chuot e chon v tr muon at Picture. Tren menu Insert chon Object Trong hop thoai xuat hien, chon Create New va ch nh kieu oi tng muon chen hoac chon Create from File ch nh mot file a co san muon Insert Chon OK.
Them mot oi tng o hoa
Them mot anh -
Them mot oi tng
6.9 Sap xep va nhom cac oi tng tren ban o oi khi co nhieu oi tng ban o muon canh hang tren ban o. V du muon canh trai cua hai ghi chu thang hang vi nhau, co the dung cong cu Align trong ArcMap. e tang cng o chnh xac khi chen cac oi tng ban o co the dung cac cong cu cua ArcMap nh thc thang, ng hng dan, li.
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Thc thang Trong Layout View, click phai tren trang Chon Rulers va Snap to Rulers trong muc Rulers Khi a co thanh thc thang click phai tren no va chon Option Trong hop thoai Option nh c n v o tren thanh thc thang va khoang cach nho nhat Trong Layout View, click phai chuot tren trang in Chon Guides va Snap to Guides trong Guides. Khi di chuyen oi tng trong trang in th nhng oi tng nay co the truy bat vao nhng ng thang nay Trong Layout View, click chuot tren thanh thc thang chon v tr muon at thanh thc thang. Lap tc co mot ng mau xanh nho ngang qua v tr va chon Khi a cac oi tng gan cac ng hng dan nay lap tc no se c truy bat vao ng hng dan Khi muon bo ng hng dan click phai chuot tren thanh thc thang tai v tr muon bo ng hng dan va chon Clear. Trong Layout View, click phai tren trang in Chon Grid va Snap to Grid trong Grid. Lap tc tren ma hnh Layout co xuat hien nhng cham nho co th t. o la nhng v tr ma cac oi tng se truy bat vao.
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ng hng dan -
Li truy bat -
6.10
Trong hop thoai Option, nh khoang cac gia hai hang, cot truy bat iem. Click mot oi tng ban o e chon no Gi phm Shift va chon cac oi tng khac. Nhng oi tng nay se c chon Click phai tren mot oi tng a chon, chon Align Center trong Align. Chon mot oi tng Gi phm Shift va chon cac oi tng khac. Click phai tren mot oi tng va chon Group Trong trng hp, muon bo nhom cac oi tng co the chon Ungroup. In ban o
Canh hang cac oi tng
Nhom cac oi tng
Mot khi tao ban o e chac chan rang cac thong tin c sap xep hoan chnh. Ta co the xem ban in trc khi in. Xem trc khi in Tren menu File chon Print Preview Xem cac thong tin co chnh xac vi may in ma ta chon Neu khong ung c giay, chon Page Setup e nh lai c giay khac
Xuat ban o ra anh Mot khi a tao c ban o, co the xuat ban o thanh nhng nh dang khac cho nhng chng trnh ng dung khac co the s dung. ArcMap cung cap cho nhng cong cu xuat ban o thanh nhng nh dang sau EMF (Enhanced Metafiles) BMP (bitmap) EPS (Encapsulated PostScript) TIFF (Tag Image File Format) PDF (Portable Document Format) JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) CGM (Computer Graphics Metafile) AI (Adobe Illustrator Format) Tren menu File va chon Export Map Chon ni muon lu lai file JPG Tren thanh xo Save As Type, chon JPEG
e xuat ban o sang nhng nh dang khac co the lam nh sau
Trang 6 - 12
Click Option, chon o phan giai cua anh. o phan giai cang cao chat lng anh cang tot va kch thc file cang ln Click Export.
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Bai 7: Tao mi k hieu
BAI 7:
7.1 Tao mi k hieu ng
TAO MI K HIEU
K hieu ng c dung e the hien nhng oi tng dang tuyen. V du nh he thong giao thong, he thong thoat nc, ng bien hoac cac mang li ket noi khac. ng cung c dung e tao ng bien ngoai cho nhng k hieu khac nh Polygon, Point, Label.... Nhap up mot k hieu dang Line trong TOC, e hien hop thoai Symbol Selector. Trong hop thoai nay nhap vao Properties, e hien hop thoai Symbol Property Editor. Tao k hieu ng xe la:
Trong hop thoai Line Symbol Property Editor, trong thanh xo Type, chon Cartographic Line Symbol ieu chnh o rong la 0.5 Point Click button Add Layer Trong thanh xo Type, chon Hash Line ieu chnh o rong la 0.5 Point Trong Tab Template cho phep ieu chnh khoang cach gia cac k hieu.
7.2 Tao mi k hieu Polygon K hieu Polygon dung e ve nhng oi tng dang a giac nh ng bien quoc gia, tnh, thanh pho, at s dung, moi trng song. ien k hieu vao Polygon co nhieu dang nh lap ay, anh m hoac trong suot, ien k hieu ngau nhien hoac co th t. Tao k hieu ien Polygon dang o doc.
Trang 7 - 1
Trong hop thoai Fill Symbol Property Editor , click thanh xo Type va chon Gradient Fill Symbol Tren thanh xo Style chon Circular ieu chnh so khoang mau trong Interval va phan tram duoi mau t au ti cuoi Click trong thanh xo Color Ramp e chon mau ien trong Polygon. Trong trng hp muon tao bang mau khac. Co the click phai trong thanh xo Color Ram nay e hien menu va chon Properties. Hop thoai Edit Color Ramp se hien len.
7.3 Tao mi k hieu iem
Trang 7 - 2
K hieu dang iem dung e ve nhng oi tng dang iem, Label, hay nhng oi tng ghi chu khac. Chung dung e giao hoi vi nhng k hieu khac e trang tr cho Line Symbol, tao Fill Polygon va nen cho k hieu dang ch. Tao mot k hieu iem t mot Font True Type.
Trong hop thoai Marker Symbol Property Editor, chon thanh xo Type va chon Character Marker Symbol. Click thanh xo Font chon ESRI Default Marker. Click tren thanh xo Character chon k hieu bat k ieu chnh kch thc trong hop nhap Size Tren tab Mask chon Halo e tao quang sang xung quanh k hieu mau cua quang sang nay co the chon trong button Symbol ieu chnh kch thc cua quang sang trong hop nhap Size.
Tng t, co the tao mot k hieu iem bang mot Picture dang *.bmp hay *.emf 7.4 Tao mi k hieu Text K hieu Text dung e ve nhan va ghi chu, no giup nh ngha hay hieu them ve d lieu cua mnh. Text cung co the la tieu e, mo ta, ghi chu, li thoai, thanh t le, bang... Ta co the tao mot k hieu Text n gian hoac them nhng thuoc tnh e tao nhng k hieu Text thch hp hn.
Trang 7 - 3
Tao Text vi bong o Trong hop thoai Text Symbol Property Editor, click tab General Chon Font Tren thanh xo mau, chon mau Click len tab Advanced Text Click len thanh xo mau e chon mau cho bong o Nhap vao o lech X va Y cho bong o so vi bang goc Click OK.
7.5 Lam viec vi bang mau Mau sac la mot trong nhng ac tnh c ban cua tat ca cac k hieu va nhng thanh phan cua ban o. Co the tao nhng bo k hieu khac nhau da tren bang mau nay. Co the s dung nhng bang mau do tao ra mot cach oc lap. Trong bang mau nay a vao nhng mau thng s dung len tren cung va chon nhng mau thong dung e viec chon mau c thuan li Mau co the nh ngha bang 5 cach: RBG: Red (o), Blue (Xanh Dng), Green (Xanh la cay) CMYK: Cyan (mau luc lam), Magenta (o ti), Yellow (vang), Black (en) HLS: Hue (sac thai), Lightness (o nhat), Saturation (bao hoa) Gray: Gray (xam), Shade (o bong), Ramp (mc o) Name: Ten mau do Arc/Info nh ngha
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nh ngha bang mau muon s dung trong ban o
Click menu Tools, ch vao Styles, va click Style Manager. Trong Style Manager co nhieu Style e la chon. Neu sa oi Style nao th se lam viec tren Style o Click vao folder Color e xem nhng mau trong no Click phai tren ca so mau va chon New.
Trong ca so mau hien len la chon mot mau va click OK, sau o nhap ten cua mau va nhap.
nh ngha mau rong trong Style Manager Mot mau rong tao ra mot k hieu trong suot
Trang 7 - 5
Trong hop thoai Style Manager chon Style Color Click phai trong ca so cha mau. Chon New va chon Gray Click button Arrow va chon Advanced Properties Check vao Color is Null
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Bai 8: Quan ly cac layer
BAI 8:
QUAN LY CAC LAYER
Quan ly cac Layer la cach nhanh nhat e co the truy cap d lieu khong gian. Layer hien th d lieu bang cach tham chieu ti v tr c s d lieu c lu tr tren a. Khi s dung ban o, can to chc cac Layer sao cho thuan tien cho viec truy cap va hien th d lieu. Ta co the de dang them cac Layer tren ban o va to chc chung trong TOC. Trong TOC, co the ieu khien c cac Layer hien th nh the nao, khi nao chung c ve va Data Frame ma chung c ve. Co the xoa, nhom va lu Layer tren a. Nhng Layer tren trong TOC se c hien th tren nhng Layer di no. V the, can phai at nhng Layer co tnh chat nh hnh nen nam di cung trong TOC, v du nh ranh gii bien can phai at di cung, hoac ranh gii cac quan, huyen. Cap nhat lien ket ti nguon d lieu Trong TOC, click phai chuot vao Layer va chon Properties Chon tab Source. Trong o se hien th ng dan hien hanh cua d lieu va he thong toa o ma no tham chieu. Chon vao Set Data Source Trong hop thoai Browse, chon nguon d lieu ma muon cap nhat. Chon Add.
Thay oi th t hien th cua Layer Th t cua cac Layer trong TOC se quyet nh th t hien th va cach sap xep chung tren ban o. Vi ArcMap, Layer co the de dang thay oi th t va to chc chung trong Data Frame.
Trang 8 - 1
Trong TOC, click chuot tren Layer va re chung len hoac xuong. Se co mot ng thang mau en bao v tr at Layer xuong Tha chuot ti v tr mi ma Layer can at.
8.1 Thay oi dong mo ta Layer Trc moi Layer co mot dong mo ta Layer trong TOC. Dong k t mo ta nay co the la ten cua Layer hoac mo ta ve oi tng ma no hien th hoac k hieu cua ban chu thch. Mac nh, khi Add Data vao ban o, ten cua Layer la ten cua file tren o a. Thong thng, th ten nay khi lu tren o a c viet tat nen no thng khong mo ta het y ngha cua moi Layer tren ban o. Nen can phai thay oi ten Layer cho co y ngha hn ma khong thay oi ten d lieu nguon tren o a. Khi hien th oi tng tren ban o, thng s dung gia tr trong bang thuoc tnh e hien th cac k hieu tren oi tng. Nhng gia tr nay se hien th trong phan mo ta cua moi oi tng trong TOC. Nhng gia tr nay thong thng cung khong mo ta het y ngha oi tng. V the, co the thay oi phan mo ta trong moi oi tng ma khong thay oi gia tr nguon cua chung. Thay oi ten cua mot Layer - Trong TOC, chon vao Layer can thay oi Chon tren Layer o mot lan na. Se thay co mot khung bao quanh dong ch mo ta. Dong ch o co the c thay oi cho co y ngha hn. Nhap dong mo ta mi cho Layer.
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Thay oi dong mo ta tren moi oi tng: Trong TOC, chon oi tng can thay oi Click len oi tng mot lan na. Se thay co mot khung bao quanh dong ch mo ta Nhap dong mo ta mi cho oi tng.
8.2 Copy Layer Mot cach nhanh chong e xay dng nhieu ban o tham chieu cung mot d lieu nguon la dung Copy va Paste Layer Click phai chuot tren Layer muon Copy va chon Copy Click phai chuot trong Data Frame khac va chon Paste.
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Co the dung cach nay e Copy cac Layer tren nhng Data Frame khac nhau hoac tren nhng ban o khac nhau. Thao tac nay giup ta khong mat nhieu thi gian cho viec xay dng cach hien th oi tng tren moi ban o. V du: nh gii han hien th tren moi Layer, cac k hieu, bang mau, oi tng hien th 8.3 Xoa Layer tren ban o Khi khong can hien th Layer tren ban o na, th co the xoa no. Khi xoa no tren ban o nhng khong lam thay oi d lieu nguon tren a. Trong TOC, click phai vao Layer muon xoa. Neu muon xoa nhieu Layer, dung phm Ctrl hoac Shift e chon cac Layer khong lien tuc hoac lien tuc Chon Remove.
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8.4 Nhom Layer Khi can lam viec vi vai Layer co chc nang nh mot Layer, co the nhom chung lai vi nhau. Gia s co hai Layer ng xe la va ng xa lo. Co the gop chung lai vi nhau thanh mot Layer ng giao thong. Mot nhom Layer hien th va hoat ong giong nh mot Layer oc lap trong bang TOC. Khi tat hay m mot nhom Layer se co tac dung giong nh thao tac tren toan bo cac Layer trong nhom o. ac tnh cua mot nhom Layer se e len nhng ac tnh mau thuan cua cac Layer thanh phan trong nhom. V du nh gii han hien th nh trong mot Layer se co tac dung neu nh gii han hien th trong nhom Layer. Khi can, co the tao nhom cua nhom cac Layer e lam viec. Cung co the lam thao tac tren nhng Layer oc lap trong nhom. Cac Layer co the them hoac xoa, thay oi th t trong nhom khi thay can thiet. Tao nhom Layer - Click phai tren Data Frame ma muon tao nhom Layer Chon New Group Layer. Mot nhom Layer mi se xuat hien len trong Data Frame
Them Layer trong mot nhom Layer Nhap up len nhom Layer e hien th hop thoai Properties Chon vao tab Group Chon Add Trong hop thoai Add Data chon nhng Layer muon them vao.
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Thay oi th t trong nhom Layer Nhap up len nhom Layer e hien th hop thoai Properties Chon vao tab Group Click len Layer muon thay oi th t Chon mui ten thch hp e di chuyen Layer len xuong. Trong hop thoai Properties cua nhom Layer. Chon Layer thch hp Chon button Properties. Khi o, se hien th len hop thoai Properties cho phep thay oi cac thuoc tnh cua lp.
Thay oi thuoc tnh cua mot Layer trong nhom
Xoa mot Layer trong nhom - Tng t nh khi them Layer vao. Trong hop thoai Properties cua nhom Layer, chon vao Layer muon xoa Chon button Remove. 8.5 Hien th thuoc tnh cua Layer Trong hop thoai Properties, ta co the ieu khien tat ca thuoc tnh trong mot Layer. Co the nh ngha cach hien th cua Layer, ni lu tr d lieu, cach hien th nhan va trng thuoc tnh ma no cha, nhng thong tin ve he thong toa o ma no tham chieu Trong TOC, click phai chuot vao Layer muon hien th thuoc tnh Chon vao nhng Tab e xem va nh thuoc tnh Khi hoan thanh chon OK.
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Ngoai ra co the nhap up tren Layer trong TOC e hien th hop thoai Properties. 8.6 Hien th Layer trong mot gii han t le Khi mot Layer c hien th trong mot ban o. ArcMap se ve no ma khong chu y en t le hien th. Khi thu nho ban o, co nhng Layer ma oi tng trong no rat kho phan biet, viec hien th chung khong can thiet. Nhng mot khi bat chung trong TOC th ArcMap van c ve, ieu nay lam cham qua trnh x l cua may tnh. Neu Tat/bat chung trong TOC th se bat tien trong qua trnh lam viec e t ong hien th Layer theo mot t le thch hp, co the nh gii han t le ban o ma ArcMap se ve. Bat c khi nao, t le cua ban o nam ngoai gii han t le cua Layer ma a qui nh, th Layer o se khong c ve. Bang cach nay co the ieu khien c cach hien th ban o nhng t le khac nhau mot cach t ong. nh t le hien th nho nhat cua Layer Trong hop thoai Properties cua Layer, chon tab General Chon vao Dont show Layer when Zoomed Nhap vao t le hien th nho nhat. Trong hop thoai Properties cua Layer, chon tab General Chon vao Dont show Layer when Zoomed Nhap vao t le hien th ln nhat. ieu chnh cho Data Frame hien th vi t le thch hp Click phai tren Layer ma muon nh gii han t le Ch vao Visibility Scale Range e chon gii han t le ln hoac nho.
nh t le hien th ln nhat cua Layer
nh t le hien th cua Layer theo t le hien hanh
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Xoa gii han hien th tren Layer Tng t nh nh gii han t le, click phai chuot tren Layer muon xoa Trong Visibility Scale Range chon Clear Scale Range.
8.7 S dung Data Frame trong to chc cac Layer Mot Data Frame la mot khung ma tren o co the hien th nhng Layer . Khi tao mot ban o, no se c cha trong mot Data Frame mac nh trong TOC. Co the them nhng Layer tc thi trong Data Frame va at cho no mot cai ten cho co y ngha. - Tat ca nhng Layer trong Data Frame se c hien th tren cung mot he truc toa o va chong lap len nhau. Khi muon hien th cac Layer tach biet nhau va khong cho chung chong lap len nhau, V du so sanh cac Layer vi nhau ta can phai them mot Data Frame na. Khi mot ban o co hn mot Data Frame th se co mot Data Frame trong chung se c hoat ong. Data Frame hoat ong nay se nhan tat ca nhng thao tac tren ArcMap nh la Pan/Zoom. Ten cua Data Frame hoat ong nay se c to am trong TOC. No se c noi bat trong Layout View hoac c hien th trong Data View Trong Layout View, moi mot Data Frame hoat ong giong nh nhng oi tng khac tren ban o. Ta co the thay oi kch thc. Di chuyen hoac xoa no. Them mot Data Frame Chuyen sang Layout View Chon vao menu Insert Chon Data Frame.
Se co mot Data Frame mi xuat hien trong tam cua man hnh Layout. Tao cho mot Data Frame hoat ong Click phai chuot len Data Frame trong TOC Chon Active.
Ta cung co the chon Data Frame nay trong Layout View e kch hoat no.
Trang 8 - 8
Xoa mot Data Frame Click phai chuot tren Data Frame trong TOC Chon Remove.
Trong ban o luon co mot Data Frame. Khong the xoa Data Frame cuoi cung. 8.8 Lu lai mot Layer tren a Mot trong nhng iem ac trng cua mot Layer la no ton tai mot file trong c s d lieu GIS. ieu nay cho phep de dang thc hien nhng truy cap khac ti nhng Layer nay. Khi lu lai nhng Layer tren a, se lu lai moi th trong Layer. Khi them Layer nay ti ban o khac th no se ve lai mot cach chnh xac nh luc Save. ieu nay thuan tien cho mot to chc khac s dung d lieu ma khong can biet no truy cap d lieu au trong c s d lieu. Trong TOC, click phai chuot va chon Save As Layer File. Trong hop thoai Save chon ni lu tr d lieu.
8.9 Sa cha lien ket b hong cua d lieu Khi m mot ban o, ArcMap se tm kiem d lieu ma cac Layer tham chieu ti. Neu chung khong tm thay, co the la d lieu nay c di chuyen sang ni khac hoac b xoa i v the Layer nay khong c hien th. Ta se c canh bao ngay lap tc rang lien ket tren Layer nay b hong bi v se thay mot dau cham thang mau o ben canh ten cua Layer trong TOC. Neu biet v tr mi cua d lieu ta co the sa no. Tren Layer click phai chuot vao Data, sau o chon Set Data Source Trong hop thoai Open, tm ti v tr mi cua d lieu Click vao button Add.
Ngay lap tc lien ket d lieu nay se c cap nhat.
Trang 8 - 9
Bai 9: Lam viec d lieu dang bang
BAI 9:
LAM VIEC D LIEU DANG BANG
Thong thng, kem theo d lieu khong gian cua oi tng eu co d lieu thuoc tnh mo ta them ve khong gian o. Cac d lieu thuoc tnh nay se la nhng thanh phan mo ta cac oi tng. Tai mot iem neu ch nhn vao khong gian cua chung th khong phan biet c iem nay la iem khong che hay la iem o ve, neu nhn vao mot manh at tren ban o se khong biet c ai la chu s dung cua manh at o. Qua o, thay rang d lieu thuoc tnh va d lieu khong gian co moi quan he mat thiet vi nhau. D lieu thuoc tnh c lu tr di dang bang. Bang la mot thanh phan c s d lieu cha tap hp cac hang va cot, moi hang hay mot Record se ai dien cho mot oi tng khong gian. Va moi trng (Field) hay cot se ai dien cho mot thanh phan thuoc tnh cua oi tng o. Bang c cha trong c s d lieu nh ArcInfo, Access, dBase, FoxPro, Oracle, SQL Server..... Ta dung bang e xem xet gia tr thuoc tnh cua cac oi tng khong gian trong ArcMap. T bang nay co the chon chung trong ban o, hay co the cap nhat chung khi thay oi v tr hnh hoc cua chung, nh khi chia nho tha hay thay oi dien tch cua no. Cac thanh phan c ban cua bang
Mot bang thuoc tnh bao gom cac hang (Record) va cot (Field). Trong bang nay cho phep chon trc tiep bang cach tro chuot vao cac Record. Moi Record ai dien cho mot oi tng khong gian. Trong bang con co mot he thong menu cung cap nhng thao tac tren bang. 9.1 M bang thuoc tnh cua mot Layer e xem thuoc tnh cua mot Layer can phai m bang thuoc tnh cua Layer o. Mot khi m bang thuoc tnh roi th mi co the chon va tm nhng thuoc tnh ac trng cho moi oi tng. M bang Tren TOC, click phai chuot tren Layer muon m bang thuoc tnh Chon Open Attribute Table.
ong bang
Trang 9 - 1
Chon nut Close tren goc tren ben phai cua man hnh e ong cua so bang thuoc tnh.
Them bang Khong phai tat ca d lieu dang bang lien quan vi mot Layer phai c lu tr trong bang thuoc tnh. Co the them d lieu dang bang nay trc tiep vao ban o nh mot bang. Nhng bang nay khong hien th tren ban o, nhng no nam tren danh sach trong TOC cua tab Source. Thao tac tren nhng bang nay giong nh tren nhng bang thuoc tnh oi tng khong gian. Trong tab Source cho phep thay c ng dan tren moi d lieu. Moi khi them mot bang, co the click phai tren no e la chon, copy, xoa hay m no. Chon tren tab Source tren bang TOC Chon button Add Data e chon bang muon them vao Trong TOC, click phai chuot chon Open e m no.
9.2 Hien th d lieu dang bang D lieu dang bang c hien th nhieu ni trong ArcMap. Cac Layer va bang trong ArcMap cung cap d lieu dang bang cho TOC, hop thoai Identify, hop thoai Find, Legend. V vay cach hien th d lieu dang bang rat quan trong, can phai ieu chnh hien th giao dien cho phu hp. Khi chnh sa oi tng, nhng thiet lap ve giao dien hien th d lieu thuoc tnh se khong hien ra tren hop thoai Attribute. Bi v hop thoai Attribute c thiet ke e hien th cac thiet lap cua c s d lieu hn la giao dien than thien ma ta muon hien th trong ban o. Thay oi o rong cua cot Tro con tro chuot ti g cua cot muon thay oi o rong Click va re chuot ti v tr mong muon Tha g cua cot tai v tr o. Click vao tieu e cua cot muon sap xep Click va re tieu e o ti v tr mong muon Tha tieu e tai v tr o. Click vao tieu e cua cot muon ong bang Click phai tren cot va chon va chon Freeze/Unfreeze Column. Neu Field nam trong mot Layer th click phai chuot tren tab Display va chon Properties
Sap xep lai cac cot trong bang
ong bang cot
nh b danh cho cot
Trang 9 - 2
Neu Field nam trong mot bang oc lap th click phai chuot tren tab Source va chon Properties Click tab Field. Chon hang cha Field muon thay oi. Tai v tr Alias tng ng, nhap vao b danh muon nh cho Field. Neu Field nam trong mot Layer th click phai chuot tren tab Display va chon Properties Neu Field nam trong mot bang oc lap th click phai chuot tren tab Source va chon Properties Click tab Field. Chon hang cha Field muon thay oi. Tai v tr au cua moi Field, chon vao hop kiem e nh Field muon hien th.
nh cac Field c hien th -
nh cach hien th d lieu dang so
Neu Field nam trong mot Layer th click phai chuot tren tab Display va chon Properties Neu Field nam trong mot bang oc lap th click phai chuot tren tab Source va chon Properties Click tab Field. Chon hang cha Field muon thay oi. Chon Button hien th hop thoai Number Format Chon kieu hien th muon nh trong Field Click OK. e
9.3 ieu khien giao dien cua bang

Trang 9 - 3
nh kch thc va Font ch cua Text trong bang Click Option trong ca so bang va chon Appearance Click vao thanh xo Table Font va chon Font muon hien th Click vao thanh xo Table Font Size va chon kch thc muon hien th Click OK. Click vao menu Tool va chon Option Chon tab Table Click vao thanh xo Table Font va chon Font muon hien th Click vao thanh xo Table Font Size va chon kch thc muon hien th Click OK. Click Option trong ca so bang va chon Appearance Trong thanh xo Selection Color click vao mau muon s dung Trong thanh xo Highlight Color click vao mau muon s dung khi chon trong bang ch hien th cac oi tng chon Click OK.
nh kch thc va Font ch cua Text cho tat ca cac bang
nh mau chon cho bang
9.4 Sap xep cac Record Sap xep lai cac Record cho phep hnh dung cac thong tin mot cach co qui luat hn. V du khi co mot so lng thong tin ln viec xem het cac gia tr thong tin se mat nhieu thi gian. Sau khi sap xep lai cac thong tin theo gia tr tang dan hay giam dan, se thay c gia tr ln nhat hay nho nhat. Co the sap lai da theo nhieu trng. Trong trng hp nay can phai sap xep lai th t cua cac trng theo th t sap xep la t trai sang phai. Khi sap xep lai chung chon trng th nhat e sap xep, khi gap nhng gia tr trung nhau tren trng th nhat th se c sap xep tiep tuc tren trng th hai. Sap xep cac Record theo mot trng Click tren o tren cung cua cot can sap xep Click phai tren trng nay e chon kieu sap xep Sort Ascending hoac Sort Descending
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Sap xep cac Record theo nhieu trng Sap xep lai cac trng theo th t u tien. Cot nao sap xep trc se ben trai cua cot sap xep th hai Chon tieu e cua cot th nhat muon sap xep Nhan Ctrl va chon tieu e cua cot tiep theo Tng t, co the chon tat ca cac cot muon sap xep Click phai tren nhng cot sap xep o va chon kieu sap xep Sort Ascending hay Sort Descending.
9.5 Chon oi tng trong bang Co nhieu cach chon oi tng trong ArcMap. Mot trong cac cach chon oi tng la thong qua bang thuoc tnh. Ta co the trc tiep chon oi tng trong bang, hoac co the chon thong qua mot vai ieu kien truy van. T nhng Record chon co the tao mot Layer hay bang mi. Trc tiep chon Record tren bang M bang thuoc tnh cua Layer Click vao cot ben trai gan g cua bang e chon oi tng Neu muon chon nhng oi tng lien tiep th nhap phm Shift khi chon, con chon oi tng ri rac th nhan phm Ctrl.
Chon Record trong bang theo nhng thuoc tnh
Trang 9 - 5
Click Option trong ca so Table muon thc hien truy van va chon Select By Attributes Tren thanh xo Method, chon phng thc chon oi tng Nhap up vao Field muon chon Chon toan t Logic tng ng Click vao button Get Unique Values, nhap up vao gia tr muon chon. Hoac co the nhap gia tr trc tiep vao bieu thc Click Verify e kiem tra lai bieu thc truy van co hp le khong Click Close. Click Option va chon Select All. Click Option va chon Clear Selection. Click Option va chon Switch Selection.
Chon tat ca Record Bo chon cac Record Hoan oi Record a chon 9.6 Tao bang mi vi cac Record a chon
Trang 9 - 6
Trong ArcMap, ta co the xuat cac Record a chon trong ca so Table. Khi can chnh sa cac Record ma khong thay oi nguon d lieu cua no, co the xuat no sang mot bang mi. Ta co the tao c mot so nh dang bang sau: dBase INFO Bang cua Geodatabase File Text. M bang thuoc tnh Click Options va chon Export Tren thanh xo Export chon kieu xuat oi tng Selected Records hoac All Records Click Browse e chon th muc hay Geodatabase muon oi tng c xuat lu vao Tren thanh xo Save Type chon kieu nh dang muon xuat d lieu Nhap ten cua bang muon xuat Click Save.
Xuat oi tng
9.7 Them va xoa Field, Record Khi m mot bang can sap xep lai th t cac Field. V du, co the tang hay giam o rong cua cot cho phu hp hay an i mot cot, sap xep lai cac Record theo th t tang dan hay giam dan da tren mot hay nhieu cot. Ta co the them hoac xoa Field neu co quyen truy cap va viet tren d lieu o, khong trong trang thai chnh sa cua ArcMap, khong co mot chng trnh nao truy cap ti bang nay. Them Field
Chon Option tren bang muon them Field

Trang 9 - 7
Chon Add Field Nhap ten cua Field Tren thanh xo Type chon kieu d lieu can lu tr nh cac thuoc tnh cua Field neu thay can thiet Click Ok. Click phai tren au cua Field trong bang muon xoa Field Chon Delete Field Chon Yes cho hop thoai muon xac nhan ban co muon xoa Field.
Xoa Field
Trong qua trnh thc hien thao tac chnh sa tren bang, co the chnh sa bang bang nhieu cach. Co the tao mot Record mi hay xoa mot Record a co san, chnh sa nhng gia tr tren nhng Record, Copy hay Paste cac gia tr gia cac Record. e lam ieu nay can phai chon Start Editing tren thanh cong cu Edittor.
Them Record Chon Start Editing tren thanh cong cu Editor M bang muon them Record Chon vao button Move to End ong them vao. . Khi o, se thay mot Record trong c t
Xoa Record Sau khi Start Editing tren thanh cong cu Editor Click phai tren Record muon xoa va chon Delete. Chon gia tr tren bang muon Copy Click phai chuot tren gia tr muon Copy va chon Copy Click phai chuot tren o muon Paste gia tr va chon Paste.
Copy va Paste gia tr
9.8 Tnh toan tren Field Nhap gia tr mi bang Keyboard khong phai la cach duy nhat e chnh sa d lieu. Co mot so trng hp, phai thc hien tnh toan gia tr tren mot trng hoac co the chnh sa ong loat tren mot so Record nh trc. Tnh toan gia tr tren Field cung cho thc hien cong viec tnh toan bang cach s dung nhng cau lenh cua VBScript e chon loc d lieu trc khi tnh toan. Cung co the lu lai cach la chon tren mot file khac e nhng Project co the s dung.
Trang 9 - 8
Tnh toan n gian - Chon nhng Record muon cap nhat Click phai tren tieu e cua Field muon thc hien tnh toan. Chon Calculate Value, hop thoai Calculate Value se c hien ra
Chon mot Field khac tren bang neu nh muon tnh toan Record cua trng nay bang mot trng khac. T nhng gia tr trng nay cung co the thc hien mot so ham e tao mot gia tr mi. Khi thc hien tnh toan, tuy theo loai d lieu chon kieu ham.
Tnh toan phc tap
Trang 9 - 9
Chon trng muon thc hien tnh toan Neu muon tnh toan tren mot so Record th chon no. Ngc lai ArcMap se tnh toan toan bo cac Record Click phai tren ten Field va chon Calculate Values Chon vao hop kiem Advance Nhap nhng cau lenh VBScript vao trong hop Text Nhap vao gia tr hoac bien ma nhng Record Select c chon bang.
9.9 Join va Relate Phan ln cac d lieu c to chc di dang nhieu bang lien ket vi nhau. Cac bang nay c xay dng theo nhng oi tng lien quan cua c s d lieu. Mac dau, co the xay dng tat ca c s d lieu trong mot bang. ieu nay lam cho d lieu tr nen d tha va chiem dung lng rat ln. V the vi cac bang rieng biet nhau khi can thiet ch can Join chung lai vi nhau e chon thong tin. Join c xay dng tren nguyen tac gia tr giong nhau co c tren ca hai bang. Ten Field co the khac nhau nhng gia tr trong no phai giong nhau. Co the Join d lieu bang cac gia tr dang String ti String, so ti so. Khi Join th gia tr trong nhng cot Join khong c thay oi. Ta ch co the thay oi gia tr trong bang nguon, va no se t ong cap nhat trong bang Join. Khi Join oi tng se thiet lap cac quan he gia cac gia tr trong bang. Quan he nay co the la mot mot, nhieu mot. Ta co the noi cac d lieu t nhng d lieu co san trong ArcMap. Co hai loai Join V tr Thuoc tnh.
Khi cac Layer tren ban o khong chia se nhau cac Field chung th co the thc hien Join chung lai vi nhau bang khong gian. Cai nay goi la Join theo v tr. Ta co the Join theo nhieu cach: Tm oi tng gan nhat cua oi tng nay
Trang 9 - 10
Tm oi tng nam trong oi tng nay Tm oi tng giao vi oi tng nay.
Ben canh Join con co mot dang quan he khac na la Relate. Khong giong nh Join, Relate khong noi d lieu trong hai bang lai vi nhau. No ch n gian tao mot moi quan he gia hai bang bang cach chon oi tng co gia tr giong nhau trong hai bang ma thoi. V du: moi tnh trong mot quoc gia co the co nhieu phng, quan huyen, khi chon oi tng tnh th theo quan he tat ca cac quan huyen trong tnh o se c chon. Relate co the tao quan he gia cac bang theo quan he mot nhieu hoac nhieu nhieu Join gia tr gia hai bang
Click phai tren Layer hoac bang muon Join, chon Joins and Relates, va click Join Chon Join attributes from a table trong thanh xo au tien Click tren thanh xo th hai e chon Field cua Layer ma Join se noi gia tr ti Click tren thanh xo th ba e chon bang se Join Tren thanh xo th t, chon Field cua bang se Join Click OK.
Xoa bo Join
Trang 9 - 11
Click phai tren Layer muon bo Join. Tro chuot ti Joins and Relates Tro chuot ti Remove Joins va chon Join muon xoa.
Tao Relate gia hai bang
Click phai tren Layer hoac bang muon tao Relate, chon Joins and Relates, va click Relate Tren thanh xo au tien, chon Field tao Relate Tren thanh xo th hai, chon Layer hoac bang se Relate Tren thanh xo th ba, chon Field trong Layer hoac bang se Relate Nhap ten Relate trong hop thoai Click OK. M bang ma a nh Relate Chon nhng Record muon hien th Relate Click vao menu Option, tro chuot vao Relates va chon Relate can thiet. Click phai tren Layer hoac bang muon quan l Join va Relate, chon Properties Chon tab Joins & Relates.
Truy cap oi tng qua Relate
Quan l Join va Relate
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Bai 10: Truy van d lieu ban o
BAI 10:
TRUY VAN D LIEU BAN O
Thong thng khi xem ban o th khong u thong tin cho cong viec, can phai thc hien truy van da tren thuoc tnh va khong gian e giai quyet van e. Chc nang truy van la mot chc nang khong the thieu c trong bat k mot chng trnh GIS nao. Viec truy van se cho nhng thong tin chon loc trong mot khoi lng thong tin khong lo. ArcMap cung cap cho nhng cong cu a dang e duyet ban o va lay nhng thong tin can thiet. oi tng co the c tm bang cach tm ten cua chung hoac s dung nhng bieu thc SQL vi mot so ieu kien e chon thong tin. Cung co the tm nhng oi tng thong qua quan he cua chung vi nhng oi tng khac va cung co the ket hp truy van thuoc tnh lan khong gian e thc hien nhng tm kiem phc tap. Mot khi tm c nhng oi tng, co the hien th thuoc tnh va thong ke chung, tao bao cao, tao o th hoac xuat chung sang mot lp khac. 10.1 Chon oi tng tren ban o oi tng co the c chon bang cach click vao chung hoac co the re chuot tao thanh mot hop ch nhat bao quanh chung. Trc khi chon oi tng can phai thiet lap phng thc chon, lp chon oi tng. ieu nay se thuan tien cho viec chon khi cac oi tng chong lap len nhau hoac chung qua gan nhau. Cung co the chon oi tng bang cach chon nhng Record trong bang thuoc tnh. Khi chon oi tng th nhng Record trong bang tng ng vi oi tng se c noi bat. Trc khi chon oi tng, can phai thiet lap cac lp se chon. Chon tren menu Selection, trong menu xo xuong chon Set Selectable Layers va chon nhng lp muon chon. Trong thanh menu nay chon phng thc chon bang cach click vao Interactive Selection Method, sau o chon Create New Selection hay phng thc khac. Create New Selection: tao la chon mi Add to Current Selection: them oi tng chon tren nhng oi tng chon hien hanh Remove from Current Selection: bo chon oi tng tren nhng oi tng chon hien hanh Select from Current Selection: chon t nhng oi tng chon hien hanh. Click button Select Features tren thanh cong cu Tool
Chon oi tng tren ban o Chon oi tng bang cach click chuot tren chung e chon them oi tng co the nhan phm Shift trong khi chon chung e bo chon co the chon phng thc chon Remove From Current Selection tren menu Selection.
Chon bang cach ve hop ch nhat quanh oi tng
Trang 10 - 1
e chon oi tng can ch nh ro cach tng tac chon oi tng bang cach tren thanh menu Selection chon Option.
Chon button Select Features
tren thanh cong cu Tool
Click va re mot hop quanh oi tng muon chon, neu muon chon them oi tng th gi phm Shift. M bang thuoc tnh bang cach click phai chuot tren lp trong TOC va chon Open Attribute Table. Chon oi tng tren bang bang cach click chuot tren o ben trai ngoai cung cua Record e chon them oi tng, gi phm Ctrl khi chon. e bo chon oi tng cung gi phm Ctrl va click oi tng mot lan na.
Chon oi tng tren bang thuoc tnh -
Khi chon oi tng, se thay co mot ng vien mau xanh chung quanh oi tng chon. Mac nh ArcMap se chon la mau xanh, co the thay oi mau cua oi tng c chon trong hop thoai Selection Option, mau c chon trong hop thoai nay ap dung cho tat ca cac lp. Ngoai ra, cung co the nh mau chon cho tng lp bang cach: Nhap up vao lp muon thay oi mau c chon Trong hop thoai Layer Properties chon tab Selection Trong tab nay co 3 muc e chon
Trang 10 - 2
Muc au tien la e s dung mau mac nh chon trong hop thoai Selection Option Muc th hai cho phep chon mau xung quanh oi tng khi lp c chon Muc cuoi cung cho thay oi mau cua oi tng khi chon.
Mot khi chon oi tng, co the phong ai chung e xem ro hn hoac xem thuoc tnh hay thong ke chung. Qua o, co the xuat nhng bao cao hay tao bieu o cho nhng oi tng c chon. - e xem nhng oi tng chon, click phai tren Layer cua chung trong TOC. Trong menu xo xuong se thay muc Selection, trong muc nay chon Zoom to Selected Features e xem bang thuoc tnh cua nhng oi tng chon. Click phai chuot e chon Open Attribute Table, tren hop thoai nay chon button Selected.
10.2 Xuat oi tng c chon Co the xuat nhng oi tng c chon thanh mot lp mi. Cho du d lieu hien th di nhng nh dang nh the nao i na cung co the copy no thanh mot Shapefile mi hay a no vao trong Geodatabase. Chon oi tng tren lp bang cac phng phap chon Click phai chuot tren lp muon xuat va chon Export Data trong Data Trong hop thoai Browse co the chon ni e lu gi file muon Export. Neu muon file xuat ra la mot Shapefile co the ch ra mot th muc. Neu muon xuat mot Geodatabase th ch mot Geodatabase a co san.
10.3 Tao lien ket d lieu vi oi tng Ngoai viec hien th d lieu kieu khong gian tren ban o ArcMap con cung cap cho mot so cach hien th thong tin tren ban o bang cach s dung MapTip va Hyperlink. Vi MapTip la mot khung text nho se c hien th khi a chuot tren oi tng. Thong tin hien th c nh la mot trng nao o trong bang thuoc tnh. Vi Hyperlink cho phep hien th thong tin cha trong nhng tai lieu hay dang mot trang Web. Co the xem tai lieu nay giong nh xem ban o hoac co the la chon cach lu lien ket nay.
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Hien th MapTip Click phai chuot tren Layer muon hien th MapTip va chon Properties Chon tab Display va anh dau check vao Show MapTip Click tab Field Click len thanh xo Primary display Field chon Field muon hien th MapTip. Click OK Khi di chuot tren nhng oi tng tren ban o se thay khung Text hien th Field chon.
Tao Hyperlink e tao mot Hyperlink co hai cach: Cach th nhat la thong tin Hyperlink se c lu trong Document cua ban o S dung cong cu Identify click len oi tng bat ky. Trong hop thoai Identify click phai chuot va chon Add Hyperlink Trong hop thoai Add Hyperlink chon Link to a Document hay Link to a URL va chon tai lieu tng ng.
Cach th hai la thong tin Hyperlink se c lu trong mot Field thuoc tnh ban o. Vi cach nay ch can nhap ng dan ti tai lieu hay mot trang Web nao o trong mot Field trong bang thuoc tnh cua ban o. Hien th Hyperlink ng. Trong TOC, chon Layer va hien th hop thoai Properties Click tab Display anh dau vao hop kiem Support Hyperlinks using Field click tren thanh xo e chon Field se hien th Hyperlink La chon mot trong hai cach hien th Hyperlink hay Document Sau khi nhap OK chon Button Hyperlink trong thanh cong cu Tool.
Click chuot tren mot oi tng bat ky trong lp se hien th c tai lieu tng
Trang 10 - 4
10.4 Tm oi tng thong qua bieu thc truy van SQL SQL la mot ngon ng chuan tren may tnh danh cho viec truy cap va quan l c s d lieu. Trong ArcMap no c dung e quan l d lieu thuoc tnh cua oi tng thong qua hop thoai Query Builder. SQL trong ArcMap ch cho phep chon oi tng ch khong thc hien cac bieu thc chen, cap nhat, xoa. Trong hop thoai Query Builder ch xay dng bieu thc Where trong cau lenh SQL. Cu phap cua chuoi cau lenh SQL phu thuoc vao oi tng chung ta truy van. Neu chung ta truy van d lieu tren d lieu Shapefile, Coverage, bang Info, bang dBase ten Field phai c nhap trong bieu thc SQL bang mot cap dau nhay oi. AREA neu s dung cau SQL tren Personal geodatabase data, Field phai c nhap [AREA] neu s dung cau SQL tren ArcSDE geodatabase data, Field phai c nhap AREA
Click Selection tren thanh menu, chon Select By Attributes Tren thanh xo Layer chon Layer cha oi tng muon chon Tren thanh xo Method va chon phng thc chon Nhap up Field e them ten Field trong bieu thc truy van Click vao mot toan t e them no vao bieu thc truy van
Trang 10 - 5
Click Get Unique Values e xem gia tr trong Field Selection. Nhap up gia tr e them no vao bieu thc truy van Click Verify e kiem tra viec nhap bieu thc truy van co hp le Click Apply.
Neu muon s dung bieu thc truy van nay cho nhng trng hp sau co the Save no lai trong a cng. Khi can thiet co the Load no len. 10.5 Tm oi tng thong qua quan he khong gian Vi hop thoai Select By Location co the thc hien truy van oi tng thong qua quan he cua chung vi oi tng khac. V du, co the chon cac ho nam trong vung lu hoac chon tat ca cac khach hang nam trong vung ban knh 20km quanh khu vc kho hang. Co mot so phng phap thc hien truy van khong gian Intersect Are within a distance of Completely contain Are completely within Have their center in Share a line segment with ..............
Click Selection, chon Select by Location

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Tren thanh xo chon cach oi tng c chon Chon cac Layer muon chon Chon cach chon oi tng Tren thanh xo chon Layer ma muon s dung e chon oi tng Neu muon s dung Buffer th nhap vao khoang cach Click Apply.
10.6 Tao vung em Vi vung em trong ArcMap, co the thc hien mot so thao tac Chon oi tng nam trong vung Buffer S dung mot lp thuoc tnh quyet nh khoang cach Buffer Tao nhieu vong em vi mot khoang cach co nh Tao vung em trong va ngoai oi tng.
a Buffer Wizard vao menu Tools
Click menu Tools va chon Customize Click tab Commands Chon Tool trong danh sach Categories Click Buffer Wizard trong danh sach Command va re no ti thanh menu Tools hoac co the chon mot v tr bat ky tren cac thanh Toolbar e at Command nay Click Close.
Buffer oi tng vi mot khoang cach ch nh
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M Buffer Wizard Chon Layer muon tao Buffer. Neu muon Buffer het cac oi tng trong Layer th khong chon vao hop kiem Use only selected features. Ngc lai neu muon tao Buffer cho oi tng c chon tren Layer th chon vao hop kiem nay Click Next Nhap vao khoang cach vi n v ma c chon thch hp tai at a specified distance Click vao kieu tao vung bien chung cho oi tng chong lap len nhau Click vao kieu xuat ra cua Buffer la Graphic hoac mot Layer mi Click Finish. M Buffer Wizard Chon Layer muon tao Buffer. Neu muon Buffer het cac oi tng trong Layer th khong chon vao hop kiem Use only selected features. Ngc lai neu muon tao Buffer cho oi tng c chon tren Layer th chon vao hop kiem nay Click Next Nhap vao so vong muon tao Nhap vao khoang cach vi n v ma c chon thch hp Click vao kieu tao vung bien chung cho oi tng chong lap len nhau Click vao kieu xuat ra cua Buffer la Graphic hoac mot Layer mi Click Finish. M Buffer Wizard Chon Layer muon tao Buffer. Neu muon Buffer het cac oi tng trong Layer th khong chon vao hop kiem Use only selected features. Ngc lai neu
Trang 10 - 8
Buffer oi tng vi nhieu khoang cach
Buffer oi tng s dung Field e nh khoang cach
muon tao Buffer cho oi tng c chon tren Layer th chon vao hop kiem nay Click Next Chon Field trong thanh xo Base on a Distance from an Attribute Click vao kieu tao vung bien chung cho oi tng chong lap len nhau Click vao kieu xuat ra cua Buffer la Graphic hoac mot Layer mi Click Finish.
10.7 Lien ket d lieu theo quan he khong gian
Thong thng, gia cac lp tren ban o co quan he khong gian vi nhau. Ta co the s dung quan he nay noi cac thuoc tnh vi nhau. Vi quan he khong gian, Join c thuoc tnh oi tng theo cac quan he sau: Mot oi tng gan vi mot oi tng khac oi tng nam trong oi tng khac oi tng giao vi oi tng khac Co bao nhieu oi tng Point nam trong Polygon.
Join theo quan he oi tng nam trong oi tng khac

Trang 10 - 9
Click phai tren Layer muon Join thuoc tnh, tro chuot ti Joins and Relates va chon Join Tren thanh xo au tien chon Join data from another layer based on spatial location Tren thanh xo Layer chon ten Layer muon Join thuoc tnh. Neu Layer khong co tren ban o th co the nhap Browse e tm no tren o a Nhap vao ten cua Layer Shapefile xuat ra ngoai. S dung cong cu chon oi tng e chon oi tng tren ban o Tren TOC cua ArcMap chon Layer muon tao Layer cac oi tng c chon. Click phai chuot tro chuot ti Selection va chon Create Layer from Selected Features.
10.8 Tao lp cua nhng oi tng c chon
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Bai 11: Tao bao cao
BAI 11:
TAO BAO CAO
Mot bao cao hien th thong tin vi dang bang ve oi tng th thu hut hn. Bao cao c xuat phat t bang thuoc tnh tren ban o. Co the chon Field muon hien th va cach hien th chung. Mot khi tao bao cao co the e no trong phan trang in hay xuat sang mot nh dang khac nh PDF.
11.1
Tao bao cao
Mot bao cao cho phep to chc va hien th d lieu dang bang lien he vi oi tng khong gian. Co the in bao cao nay hoac trnh bay no trong Layout. Co the la chon viec hien th toan bo oi tng hay ch mot phan khi hien th. Mot bao cao th co nhieu thuoc tnh khi tao no. Thuoc tnh nay co the la Font, kch thc Font, mau sac hay la kieu bao cao muon tao. Co hai phng phap tao bao cao: S dung nhng cong cu tao bao cao co san cua ArcMap S dung cong cu nay co the tao ra nhng bao cao ma lu trc tiep trong ban o. Mot khi a tao c bao cao, co the a no vao trang in ban o va in no ra ngoai. S dung Seagate's Crystal Reports 8 ArcMap cung ket hp vi Seagate's Crystal Reports 8. Seagate's Crystal Reports 8 tao nhanh chong cac bao cac co kieu trnh bay a dang trong ban o hay phan phat sang cac chng trnh khac.
Trang 11 - 1
Bai 11: Tao bao cao
Tren menu Tools chon Make Report Tren tab Fields, chon thanh xo Layer/Table va chon bang hay Layer muon tao Report. Trong Available Fields list nhap up Field nao muon no hien th trong bao cao hoac nhap neu muon chon het cac Field. Neu muon ch hien th cac oi tng c chon co the check vao o Use Selected Set. Chon mui ten len xuong e nh th t cua cac Field Chon tab Display Chon Settings va chon Elements Chon vao hop kiem Title e them Title vao Report nh cac thuoc tnh hien th chuoi va kieu tieu e cua bao cao Chon Show Settings e xem bao cao Chon Generate Report v tr tren cung cua Report Viewer, chon Add e them bao cao vao trang in. Lam viec vi Field
11.2
Cac thong tin hien th trong bao cao nen tang chnh la cac Field c chon. Khi chon cac Field nay co the nh th t cua cac Field xuat hien trong bao cao. Ten cua cac Field hien th trong bao cao cung ten vi ten cua no trong d lieu. Tuy nhien thong thng cac ten cua Field c viet tat hay kho hieu e mo ta thuoc tnh nh trong Field. Co the thay the ten cua Field vi mot dong mo ta e lam ro ngha cua cac thuoc tnh hn Hien th ten Field Chon tab Display trong hop thoai Report Properties
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Bai 11: Tao bao cao
Chon Elements Chon vao hop kiem Field Name e hien th ten Field trong bao cao. Ten cua Field se hien th tren cung cac gia tr oi vi bao cao dang bang hoac ben trai cac gia tr trong bao cao dang cot Chon thuoc tnh Section va chon mui ten e chon Top of Report hoac Top of Each Page. Chon tab Display trong hop thoai Report Properties Click Fields va chon Field muon nh b danh Nhap up vao thuoc tnh Text va nhap b danh cho Field. B danh cua Field ch xuat hien trong bao cao.
nh b danh (Alias) cua Field -
nh o rong hien th cua Field - Chon tab Display trong hop thoai Report Properties Click Fields va chon Field muon nh o rong hien th Nhap up vao thuoc tnh Width va nhap o rong muon hien th
Tang khoang cach gia cac cot trong bao cao - Chon tab Display trong hop thoai Report Properties 11.3 Chon Elements Chon vao hop kiem Field Nhap up Spacing va nhap vao khoang cach ngang bang inch. To chc d lieu trong bao cao
Mot chc nang tien tien cua viec hien th bao cao trong ArcMap la co the sap xep cac Record gia tr tang dan hay giam dan, nhom cac Record lai vi nhau va thc hien cac phep tnh thong ke tom tat e a cac gia tr nay vao bao cao. Sap xep cac Record
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Bai 11: Tao bao cao
Click tab Sort trong hop thoai Report Properties Chon Field e sap xep trong cot Sort Chon Ascending (tang), Descending (giam), hay None Neu muon sap xep cac Field khac, co the click chung va chon phng phap sap xep. ArcMap se sap xep cac Field theo gia tr th t (Order) chon.
Nhom cac Record
Chon tab Group trong hop thoai Report Properties Nhap up vao Field muon s dung e nhom cac d lieu Click Grouping Interval va chon phng phap nhom d lieu Chon Ascending hoac Descending cho phng phap sap xep
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Bai 11: Tao bao cao
Chon vao hop kiem Include Group Fields e lap lai gia tr a nhom trong hien th bao cao.
Tnh cac gia tr thong ke
11.4
Chon tab Summary trong hop thoai Report Properties Click mui ten tren thanh xo Available Sections va chon Section muon thc hien thong ke e them vao trong bao cao. Chon cac hop kiem tren cac trng gia tr muon tnh. Them oi tng vao bao cao
e giup tao bao cao c thu hut, ArcMap cung cap cong cu e them cac oi tng nh tieu e, so trang, ngay hien hanh, anh, li chu thch cuoi trang ... trong bao cao.
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Bai 11: Tao bao cao
Them tieu e Chon tab Display trong hop thoai Report Properties Chon Elements Kiem vao hop Title Nhap up vao Text va nhap vao tieu e cua bao cao Sau o, co the chon cac thuoc tnh hien th cho tieu e hien th nh the nao trong bao cao nh la Font, Kch thc, mau nen... Chon tab Display trong hop thoai Report Properties Chon Elements Kiem vao hop Page Numbering. Chon vao Section chon vao mui ten cua thanh xo e chon Top of Page hoac Bottom of Page. Chon Font va kch thc cua chuoi hien th so trang Chon tab Display trong hop thoai Report Properties Chon Elements Kiem vao hop Page Footnote or Report Footnote Nhap up vao Text va nhap li chu thch cho moi trang Chon cac thuoc tnh Font, kch thc, mau cho li chu thch. ieu khien cach hien th bao cao
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Them so trang 11.5
Them li chu thch cho moi trang
Bai 11: Tao bao cao
Xem bao cao Chon Show Settings trong hop thoai Report Properties. Hop thoai se dan rong e hien th cho xem trc bao cao Mot khi chnh sa cac thuoc tnh cua bao cao, chon Update Settings e cap nhat nhng thay oi tren hop thoai Chon tab Display trong hop thoai Report Properties Chon Report Click Record Chon Shade Records, tren thanh xo chon kieu to bong Chon Shade Color e chon mau to bong. Lu va m bao cao
To bong Record trong bao cao 11.6
Neu muon Copy mot bao cao tao tren ban o va m no trong mot ban o khac co the lu no lai thanh mot file tren a. Sau o co the m no len tren mot ban o khac va at no mot v tr thch hp. Khi lu mot bao cao thanh mot file th tao mot bao cao tnh, khong lien ket vi d lieu tao bao cao. Khong the chnh sa bao cao nay. Ngoai ra co the xuat nhng bao cao nay sang nhng nh dang khac nh: Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF) Rich Text Format (RTF) Plain text (TXT) Click Save trong hop thoai Report Properties Click tren thanh xo Save va chon v tr muon Save bao cao tren a Nhap ten bao cao Chon Save. Click Load trong hop thoai Report Properties Click tren thanh xo Look in e tm v tr e File bao cao Chon bao cao Chon Open.
Lu thanh mot file
M mot File bao cao
Xuat bao cao thanh nh dang khac
Trang 11 - 7
Bai 11: Tao bao cao
Click Generate Report trong hop thoai Report Properties M ca so Report Viewer va chon Export Click tren thanh xo Save va chon v tr muon Save bao cao tren a Nhap ten cua bao cao Chon kieu nh dang cua bao cao se xuat ra Chon Save.
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Bai 12: Bieu o cho d lieu thuoc tnh
BAI 12:
BIEU O CHO D LIEU THUOC TNH
Bieu o dung e hien th thong tin ve cac oi tng ban o va quan he gia chung mot cach thu hut, de hieu hn. No co the hien th them thong tin ve oi tng tren ban o hoac hien th vi cung mot thong tin nhng vi nhng cach khac nhau. Bieu o c bo sung tren ban o bi v no co the truyen at nhng thong tin. Ma e hieu nhng thong tin o co the mat nhieu thi gian e tom tat va tong ket. V du, co the nhanh chong so sanh so lng nhng oi tng vi nhng thuoc tnh ac trng. Thong tin hien th tren bieu o c lay trc tiep t bang thuoc tnh trong d lieu a l cua ta, mot khi tao c bieu o co the de dang in no hay a no vao ban o. 12.1 Kieu bieu o Co the chon loai bieu o mot chieu hay 2 chieu. Mot vai bieu o hien th thong tin dang nay tot hn dang kia nen can dung chung cho phu hp. Moi bieu o co hien th thuoc tnh co the chnh sa lai khi thay can. Can phai th nghiem hien th thong tin tren nhieu loai kieu bieu o khac nhau e chon kieu hien th ma thong tin truyen at hieu qua nhat.
12.2 Tao bieu o e tao mot bieu o can phai quyet nh loai bieu o ma ta thay can. Ta co the hien th toan bo oi tng hoac ch mot phan oi tng c chon. Mot so bieu o co gii han so lng oi tng hien th. Mot khi, a ong bieu o th khong the chnh sa no c na. Trong mot bieu o th co the hien th hn mot Field gia tr, th t chon cua Field se tng ng khi hien th tren bieu o. Trong mot vai trng hp co the tao mot bieu o th hai goi la bieu o chong lp, nam tren mot bieu o chnh khac. Mot bieu o chong lp la bieu o dang ng ma s dung truc X cung vi bieu o chnh. Click tren menu Tools va chon Makes Graph
Trang 12 - 1
Tren thanh xo Layer/Table chon bang hay lp muon tao Graph Neu muon tao bieu o cho nhng oi tng chon Use Selected Set Chon kieu bieu o muon hien th Sau o cac truc X,Y tng ng vi cac truc. Nhap Create e bieu o c tao Sau khi tao c bieu o, neu muon tao mot bieu o phu len bieu o san co the click phai tren Graph Viewer va chon Properties Chon tab Overlay. Tab OverLay ch s dung vi mot so dang bieu o nh Line, Bar, Area, High-low-close, va Candlestick graphs.
12.3 Hien th bieu o Trong khi ang lam viec vi bieu o trong ban o, co the chon e xem chung trong mot ca so ben canh ca so ArcMap. Bieu o la mot oi tng ong; chung co the t ong cap nhat neu thay oi oi tng c chon trong Layer. Them o th trong Layout Click phai chuot tren thanh tieu e cua ca so bieu o va chon Show on Layout.
Cap nhat bieu o khi oi tng chon thay oi - Click phai tren thanh tieu e cua ca so bieu o va chon Reload Automatically. Khi Reload Automatically c chon, o th se cap nhat khi nao thay oi oi tng chon. Ngc lai neu khong chon se co mot bieu o tnh.
12.4 Chnh sa bieu o Co the chnh sa hau het cac thuoc tnh lien quan en hien th bieu o hieu qua. V du co the chon lai kieu d lieu, them tieu e, ten he truc, thay oi mau cua bieu o. Phai hieu chnh tat ca cac thuoc tnh cua bieu o trc khi ong ca so Graph Viewer.
Trang 12 - 2
Khi ong bieu o co the lu bieu o tren o a, nhng khong the thay oi c cach hien th cua no. e lam c ieu nay phai tao lai bieu o.
Thay oi kieu bieu o Click phai tren thanh tieu e cua ca so o th va chon Properties Chon tab Type Chon kieu bieu o muon s dung. Click phai tren thanh tieu e cua ca so o th va chon Properties Chon tab Appearance Chon Show Legend va chon mot v tr Legend. Click phai tren thanh tieu e cua ca so o th va chon Properties Chon tab Appearance Chon Advanced Options Chon tab Axis Chon truc muon thay oi. nh v tr cua truc nh ty le, gii han, goc toa o Tuy chon, chon vao hop kiem hien th cac iem TIC va li tren o th.
Them ghi chu cho bieu o
ieu khien cac truc X, Y, Z cua o th
Trang 12 - 3
12.5 Quan l bieu o Trong ban o co the cha vai bieu o. e giup quan l chung, co the s dung Graph Manager. Vi hop thoai nay co the m mot bieu o, a no vao trong Layout, xoa no, oi ten no. M mot bieu o Tren menu Tool, chon Manage trong Graph Chon bieu o muon m Chon Open. Tren menu Tool, chon Manage trong Graph Chon bieu o muon m Chon Remove.
Xoa mot bieu o
12.6 Lu va m bieu o Neu muon tao mot ban Copy cua bieu o tao tren ban o va at no tren mot ban o khac, lu no lai tren a. Khi nao can thiet th s dung en co the m no tren mot ban o khac va at no ni thch hp. Tat ca cac thuoc tnh nh cho bieu o se c gi nguyen khi lu no tren o a. Khi m no len trong mot ban o nao khac, ArcMap se hoi ni lu tr cac lp lien quan en o th. Neu khong chon, ArcMap se van hien th, nhng khong thay oi c cac oi tng trong o th. Lu bieu o Click phai tren thanh tieu e cua ca so o th va chon Save Chon ni muon lu va nhap ten cua bieu o Click Save
M bieu o
Trang 12 - 4
Click phai tren thanh tieu e cua ca so o th va chon Load Chon ni ma a co lu bieu o va chon no Click Open.
12.7 Xuat bieu o Khi muon s dung bieu o sang nhng chng trnh khac. Co the xuat no thanh mot File vi nh dang: Bitmap (.bmp), JPEG (.jpg), GIF (.gif), va Windows metafile (.wmf). Co the copy va paste bieu o trong Window nh la mot file Bitmap. Click phai tren thanh tieu e cua ca so o th va chon Export Chon v tr muon lu Nhap ten cua o th Chon kieu d lieu xuat Click Save.
Trang 12 - 5
Bai giang ArcCatalog 1. Cac thanh phan c ban ArcCatalog 1.1 Chc nang cua ArcCatalog Sau khi ket noi vi d lieu, Database, hoac mot Server GIS nao o ta co the duyet qua noi dung ma no cha thong qua ArcCatalog. ArcCatalog co the dung e xem trc cai can in, xem mot vung phu, cac gia tr trong mot bang, xem he toa o ma mot Layer tham chieu va oc xem tai sao no c s dung. Khi tm thay d lieu can s dung, co the a no vao ArcMap hoac dung cac cong cu phan tch cua ArcToolbox. ArcCatalog co the quan ly, tm kiem va s dung d lieu ma khong lam mat nhieu thi gian Duyet ban o va d lieu Chon mot Folder, c s d lieu hoac Server GIS trong cay Catalog, sau o khao sat, nghien cu danh sach d lieu khong gian ma no cha trong Tab Content. Co nhieu cach khac nhau e xem cac muc trong no cha. Ta co the thay oi cach hien th cua chung trong Tab Content bang Button Standard. ArcCatalog co the thay oi cac cach hien th bang mot Icon nho hoac ln, danh sach cac thuoc tnh hoac Metadata cho moi d lieu e giup cho viec chon d lieu ung cho s dung Kham pha d lieu Thumbnail cho ta mot cac nhn nhanh chong noi dung cua mot d lieu. Nhng e kiemtra cac vung oi tng co cap nhap hay khong, ta co the chon nguon d lieu trong cay Catalog va sau o dung tab Preview e xem Vi tab Preview, ta co hay loai cach nhn d lieu: Geography View va Table View - Geography View c dung e xem d lieu khong gian. Vi kieu nhn nay trong ArcCatalog co the Pan, Zoom va Identify e xem oi tng
Geography
Table View c dung e xem d lieu thuoc tnh cua mot nguon d lieu khong gian hay la mot ban oc lap bat ky. Trong ArcCatalog, bang co the c sap xep lai th t cac cot, them hay xoa cac cot, chuyen bang sang mot nh dang khac
Table View
Xem va tao Metadata Trc khi s dung d lieu trong ban o, ta can biet mot so thong tin lien quan ti d lieu nh la li toa o ma no tham chieu, kieu d lieu, tai sao d lieu nay c tao, no phuc vu cho nhu cau g, o chnh xac cua d lieu la bao nhieu?.. nhng thong tin o co the xem trong Metadata Tm kiem d lieu Neu biet mot so thong tin ve d lieu ma can s dung ma khong nh ro ch xac v tr cua no trong may tnh th ArcCatalog co the giup tm kiem chung. Vi cong cu Search cua ArcCatalog co the tm d lieu trong o a, trong Database, trong Server d lieu GIS theo mot vai ieu kien Quan l nguon d lieu Sau khi a xem mot d lieu va metadata cua no, ta co the thc hien mot so thao tac chnh sa no theo ta can. V du vi hop thoai Properties ta co the thc hien mot so chc nang sau - nh ngha he thong toa o ma Shapefile tham chieu
xay dng quan he Topology cho d lieu them thuoc tnh ti mot bang tao cac lp quan he e nh dang quan he gia cac oi tng trong vung phu va thuoc tnh trong bang Info ArcCatalog giup de dang quan l d lieu trong no. Xoa mot d lieu dang Coverage bao gom cac File phu theo ch can mot thao tac n gian la nhap phm Delete. Khi Rename mot Shapefile ta can phai thay oi ten cua t nhat 3 File trong Windows Explore. Trong khi trong ArcCatalog ch mot thao tac. Trong viec s dung nguon d lieu dung chung th ArcCatalog la mot trong cu hu ch e truy cap d lieu qua mang. Ta co the s dung mot Layer e nh ngha cach hien th, phan loai, nguon d lieu no tham chieu 1.2 Khi ong va ong ArcCatalog Khi ong - click menu Start cua Windows - tro ti Program chon ArcGis - click vao ArcCatalog hoac cung co the khi ong ArcCatalog trong bang ArcMap bang cach nhap vao Button ong - nhap vao menu File tren ArcCatalog - chon Exit hoac co the chon vao button tren ca so e tat chung 1.3 Duyet d lieu thong qua ArcCatalog Catalog Tree hien th tat ca cac muc trong Catalog va bieu o cac th bac ma chung to chc. Khi ban chon oi tng trong Catalog Tree th Tab Content la danh sach cua cac muc ma no cha Khi ta duyet qua mot danh sach dai cac Folder, ta co the kho khan e tm v tr cua chung. Theo mac nh th tat ca cac Folder co chung mot Bieu tng( icon). e lam cho viec tm kiem d lieu de dang hn. ArcCatalog cho ta mot la chon e s dung bieu tng ac biet cha thong tin a ly Khi ta muon biet chnh xac d lieu cua mnh muon lam viec ta co the truy cap no nhanh chong bang cac nhap ten vao ArcCatalog. Ten cua ng dan c bao gom ca ten Folder va ten cua c s d lieu ket noi. ng dan cua muc ang c chon luon luon xuat hien tren thanh tieu e cua ca so ArcCatalog va thanh xo tren thanh cong cu Standard 1.3.1 chon mot muc tren cay Catalog va danh sach Contents - click Tab Contents - trong cay Catalog, click vao mot muc ma cha cac muc khac. Muc nay co the la mot Folder hay mot Dataset trong Geodatabase. Muc nay se hien th ra mot danh sach cac muc ma no cha
2. 3. 4. 5.
nhap up vao mot muc trong Content Tab e m chng trnh tng ng vi loai File o hoac co the hop thoai Properties se xuat hien theo mac nh, khi ArcCatalog se m len nhng muc c lam viec cuoi cung trong phien lam viec trc. ieu khien ArcCatalog Quan ly d lieu vi ArcCatalog Lam viec vi d lieu hnh hoc Lam viec vi gia tr cua bang
6. Tm kiem d lieu 7. Lam viec vi ban o va Layer 8. Lam viec vi Shapefile 9. Lam viec vi Coverage 10. Lam viec vi d lieu kieu Raster
HNG DAN S DUNG ARCTOOLBOX

1. Gii thieu tong quat ve ArcToolbox Geoprocessing la mot qua trnh x ly thong tin khong gian, mot chc nang c ban cua GIS. No cung cap mot cach e tao thong tin mi bi ap dung nhng thao tac tren d lieu co san. Bat ky s thay oi hoac trch thong tin ta muon thc hien tren d lieu eu co lien quan en mot cong viec Geoprocessing. No co the la mot cong viec n gian, nh la chuyen oi nh dang d lieu khong gian sang mot nh dang khac. Hoac no cung co the bao gom nhieu cong viec thc hien lien tiep, nh la Clip, Select, Interset tren tap cac d lieu. Trong ArcGIS ta co the thc hien cac cong viec Geoprocessing bang nhng cach: - thc hien mot cong cu s dung hop thoai cua no. Trong hop thoai nay, ien gia tr vao cac o. Nhap Ok e thc hien no
thc hien mot cong cu tai mot dong lenh. Nhap ten cua cong cu va cac thong so kem theo phu hp vi cu phap cong cu tren mot dong lenh. Nhan Enter e thc hien cong cu nay
xay dng va thc hien mot Model e thc hien mot loat cac cong cu Geoprocessing lien tiep trong qui trnh cong viec cua ta. Thay oi gia tr cac tham so sau o chay lai mo hnh nay ch bang mot Click n gian
tao va thc hien mot Script e thc hien cac cong cu Geoprocessing. S dung nhng oan cau lenh x ly cho nhng cong viec lap i lap lai
2. Mot so nh ngha trong ArcToolBox - Geodatabase la mot mo hnh d lieu oi tng co hng mo ta cac oi tng a ly, oi tng thuoc tnh, va quan he gia cac oi tng. No cha cac oi tng Feature Dataset, Feature Class, bang va quan he gia cac oi tng. - Feature Dataset la tap hp cac Feature Class c lu tr chung vi nhau va cung nhau chia se thong gian tham chieu. Co ngha la chung co cung mot he thong toa o va cac oi tng cua Feature Class c nam trong mot khu vc a ly chung - Feature Class la tap hp cac oi tng co cung mot kieu hnh hoc, cung cac thuoc tnh, cung khong gian tham chieu. Feature Class co the ng oc lap trong mot Geodatabase. Feature Class co the la mot Shapefile hoac mot lp oi tng trong Feature Dataset hoac mot lp oi tng trong Coverage - Input Feature la nhng Feature Class. - Output Feature cung la nhng Feature Class. Nhng neu ta muon xuat sang nh dang shapefile th ch nh mot Folder va nhap ten Feature Class vao. Neu ta muon xuat sang nh dang Geodatabase th ch nh mot file Geodatabase va tao mot Feature Class oc lap hoac ch nh mot Feature Dataset va tao mot Feature Class tham chieu cung khong gian ma Feature Dataset cha no. - Cluster Tolerance la khoang cach hai Vertex gan nhau c xem la trung nhau. 3. Cac cong cu chuyen oi nh dang Conversion Toolbox cha cac cong cu chuyen oi d lieu gia cac nh dang khac nhau. Trong ArcToolbox co mot so cong cu chuyen oi nh dang nh sau: Toolset Mo ta
From Raster toolset
Cac cong cu Convert d lieu Raster sang cac nh dang khac To CAD toolset Cha cac cong cu e chuan b va chuyen oi cac oi tng sang nh dang CAD To Coverage toolset Cha cac cong cu chuyen oi cac lp oi tng sang nh dang Coverage To dBASE toolset Cha cac cong cu chuyen oi cac bang sang nh dang dBase To Geodatabase toolset Cha cac cong cu e chuyen oi cac oi tng va file CAD sang cac lp oi tng Geodatabase To Raster toolset Cha cac cong cu e chuyen oi d lieu sang Raster To Shapefile toolset Cha cac cong cu e chuyen oi cac oi tng sang Shapefile 3.1 Chuyen oi sang nh dang CAD Trong ArcGIS, ban ve CAD bao gom hai nh dang sau: AutoCAD (*.dwg) va MicroStation(*.dgn) 3.1.1 Them Field ac trng cua CAD Trong mot ban ve CAD cac oi tng hnh hoc co nhng thuoc tnh ac trng cua no nh la Layer, o rong, mau sac Khi chuyen oi t ban ve CAD sang nhng nh dang cua GIS cac thuoc tnh cua oi tng hnh hoc nay c gi lai bang nhng Field trong bang thuoc tnh. ieu nay giup cho bang ve CAD c duy tr gan nh nguyen ven khi hien th hoac xuat chung vao trong ArcGIS Cong cu nay dung e them cac Field ac trng cua ban ve CAD. Khi ta co mot ban ve theo nh dang cua ESRI neu muon xuat sang nh dang CAD. Thong thng, ta co the xuat mot Feature Class sang nh dang CAD ch can gi lai cac oi tng khong gian nguyen ven ve v tr la co the chap nhan. Nhng trong ArcGIS, co viec xuat sang nh dang CAD khong dng lai gi nguyen ven v tr khong gian ma no con co the phan lp, nh dang cac thuoc tnh ve cua cac oi tng ngay khi xuat ma khong can phai thong qua mot chng trnh AutoCAD nao. Cong cu nay dung e chuan b d lieu cho cong cu Export to CAD
trong hop thoai ToolBox, chon Conversion Tools trong Conversion Tools chon To CAD va chon Add CAD Fields trong hop thoai Add CAD Field nhap vao ng dan cua bang thuoc tnh hoac chon Button Browse e chon Table tren o a
chon vao cac Checkbox e nh cac thuoc tnh muon them vao
mot so Field ac trng cua ban ve CAD
3.1.2 Xuat sang nh dang CAD Cong cu nay dung e xuat d lieu t cac nh dang khac sang CAD. Ta co the la chon Version cua ban ve CAD se xuat ra. Vi AutoCAD, ArcGIS ho tr ti Version AutoCAD 2004. Vi MicroStation, ArcGIS ho tr ti Version 8 - trong hop thoai ToolBox, chon Conversion Tools - trong Conversion Tools chon To CAD va chon Export to CAD
chon cac Feature Class a vao. Co the nhieu Feature Class cung cha vao ban ve CAD - chon kieu d lieu xuat ra va Version cua chung - ta co the la chon viec xuat sang ban ve mi hay la noi vao mot ban ve a co san bang viec chon vao Checkbox Append to existing File - Nhap OK 3.2 Cong cu chuyen oi sang nh dang Coverage
Trong nhieu nam, nh dang Coverage la mot chuan cho viec hien th d lieu Vector. nh dang Coverage a c s dung bi v no lu tr khong gian hieu qua va d lieu quan he Topology. D lieu thuoc tnh c lu trong nhng bang quan he ma co the tuy bien va noi vi cac c s d lieu khac - trong hop thoai ToolBox, chon Conversion Tools - trong Conversion Tools chon To Coverage va chon Feature Class to Coverage - trong Textline cua Input ta co the nhap nhieu Feature Class hoac Layer vao e xuat thanh Coverage - mot van e can quan tam la cluster tolerance. o la khoang cach nho nhat e hai Vertex xem nh c noi vi nhau
3.3 Chuyen sang nh dang dBase Cong cu nay dung e chuyen cac bang dBASE, INFO, geodatabase, hoac OLE DB table sang bang dang dBase
- trong hop thoai ToolBox, chon Conversion Tools - trong Conversion Tools chon To dBase va chon Table to dBase - ta co the chon nhieu Table e chuyen sang dBase - Nhap OK 3.4 chuyen sang nh dang Geodatabase Geodatabase cung cap mot khung c ban cho d lieu khong gian va ho tr Feature Classes giao tiep Topology. Cac d lieu nay lu tr, phan tch va truy van tng t nh nhng Layer cua Coverage va Shapefile. Geodatabase cung m rong nhng mo hnh nay cho mang li phc tap, nhng quan he topology, quan he gia cac oi tng cua Feature Classes, oi tng co hng. Geodatabase ho tr cho d lieu dang vector va raster. Cac oi tng cua Geodatabase co thuoc tnh, hanh vi va quan he Vi Toolset Geodatabase ta co the s dung mot so cong cu sau Tool Mo ta Feature class to Feature class Cong cu dung e chuyen cac Feature Class thanh cac Feature class Feature class to Geodatabase Import CAD Annotation Import Coverage Annotation
2.4.1 Feature class to Feature class Cong cu nay dung e chuyen oi mot Shapefile, Feature class cua Coverage, Feature class cua Geodatacase(person va SDE) thanh mot Shapefile hoac Feature class cua Geodatabase(person hoac SDE) Trong cong cu nay co the dung mot chuoi SQL e loc oi tng trc khi chuyen oi
trong hop thoai ToolBox, chon Conversion Tools trong Conversion Tools chon To Geodatabase va chon Feature Class to Feature class trong hop thoai nay, nhap ng dan cua mot Feature Class vao trong Input Features hoac co the nhan button e chon ng dan trong o a chon th muc cha Shapefile hoac mot Geodatabase trong Output Feature va ten cua Feature class trong Output Feature Class Name chon Button hoac nhap vao Expression e loc oi tng
Thay oi ten Field va chon Field c xuat vao Feature Class cho phu hp. Mac nh, tat ca cac Field se c xuat vao - Nhap OK 2.4.2 Feature to Geodatabase cong cu nay co chc nang tng t nh cong cu Feature class to Feature class. Nhng no co kha nang chuyen mot loat Feature Class sang Geodatabase
tng t nh Feature Class to Feature Class, Feature Class to Geodatabase c khi ong trong nhanh To Geodatabase. Cac ten cua Feature class a vao se c gi nguyen trong Geodatabase 2.4.3 Import CAD Annotation Cong cu nay dung e chuyen oi cac Annotation cua CAD sang Annotation cua Geodatabase
Ta co the chuyen oi moi lp tren ban ve CAD thanh cac lp Annotation oc lap hoac gop chung lai thanh mot Annotation Chon mot t le tham chieu cho Annotation. ieu nay lam cho Annotation khong thay oi kch thc khi thay oi theo t le ban o. Kch thc cua oi tng tren Annotation tng ng vi t le ma no tham chieu se bang kch thc cua no khi ta in ban o ung vi t le ma no tham chieu
trong hop thoai ToolBox, chon Conversion Tools trong Conversion Tools chon To Geodatabase va chon Import CAD Annotation chon Input Feature e a mot CAD Annotation vao. Ta co the chon nhieu Annotation e a vao - chon Output Feature Class e a vao Geodatabase ta muon cha Annotation - Nhap vao t le tham chieu - Chon vao Create Annotation Classes from Leves e check. ieu nay giup cho annotation trong Geodatabase c phan lp vi lp tng ng cua CAD - Chon Feature Link neu muon Annotation tao c lien ket vi mot Feature khong gian - Nhap OK 3.5 chuyen sang nh dang ShapeFile Feature class to Shapefile Cong cu nay dung e chuyen cac Feature Class hoac Layer thanh Shapefile. Ten cua Shapefile c xuat ra se cung ten vi Feature Class a vao. Li chieu cua Shapefile se la li chieu cua Feature a vao
- trong hop thoai ToolBox, chon Conversion Tools - trong Conversion Tools chon To Shapefile va chon Feature class to Shapefile - chon d lieu vao trong Input Features. Ta co the nhap nhieu Feature Class - Chon th muc ma Shapefile c cha vao - Nhap OK 4. Cac cong cu quan ly d lieu 4.1 Create Feature Class Cong cu nay dung e tao mot Feature Class rong
trong hop thoai ToolBox, chon Data Management Tools trong Data Management Tools chon Feature Class va chon Create Feature Class
kieu cua nh dang Feature Class phu thuoc vao ng dan Output Location. Neu ta ch nh mot Folder tren o a th cong cu se tao ra mot Shapefile. Neu ta ch nh mot ng Personal Geodatabase hay SDE th cong cu se tao ra mot Geodatabase Feature class - cong cu nay ch tao cac oi tng khong gian n gian. Neu muon tao Annotation hay Dimension trong Geodatabase th co the tao trong ArcCatalog - khong gian tham chieu cho Feature Class tao ra rat quan trong trong viec lu tr d lieu. Nen can thiet ch nh ro rang e tang toc hn trong viec truy cap. No se anh hng en noi dung d lieu lu tr va o chnh xac cua d lieu - thanh phan gii han X, Y quan trong trong viec tao oi tng. Trong Geodatabase, khong c tao oi tng ngoai vung khong gian ma ta a qui nh. V du: neu ta tao mot Feature Class co khong gian tren truc X la 10000,10000 th ta khong the tao iem co toa o la -10001,0 - Template Feature Class c dung e lam mau cho Feature Class c tao ra. Feature Class tao ra se co ten Field va khong gian tng ng vi Feature Class mau 4.2 Multipart to Singlepart Cong cu nay dung e pha v oi tng nhieu thanh phan (Multipart) thanh cac thanh phan cach biet nhau
trong hop thoai ToolBox, chon Data Management Tools trong Data Management Tools chon Features va chon Multipart to Singlepart nhng oi tng ch co mot thanh phan th cong cu nay se khong co hieu lc oi tng cua Output Feature Class se co cung thuoc tnh vi oi tng Input Feature Class - s dung cong cu Dissolve e tao nhng oi tng mot thanh phan thanh nhieu thanh phan thong qua thuoc tnh 5. Cac cong cu phan tch thng dung 5.1 Append
cong cu nay dung e noi cac ban o nam lien nhau thanh mot. - tat ca cac oi tng cua nhng ban o se c cha trong mot Feature Class - cac oi tng phai cung chung mot kieu khong gian (point, line, polygon) - khong gian tham chieu cua cac ban o phai c xac nh - Feature Class xuat ra phai c tao san hoac hien hu.
trong hop thoai ToolBox, chon Data Management Tools trong Data Management Tools chon General va chon Append trong hop thoai Append, chon cac Feature Class Input trong hop thoai Append, chon Feature Class Output trong Schema Type. Ta chon Test neu muon kiem tra d lieu au vao co tng ng vi d lieu au ra ve thuoc tnh khong. Chng trnh se b loi neu khong tng ng - nhap OK 5.2 Buffer
cong cu nay dung e tao Polygon vung em theo khoang cach ch nh tren cac Feature Class a vao. Ta co the la chon e bo i vung em chong lap len nhau
trong hop thoai ToolBox, chon Analysis Tools trong Analysis Tools chon Proximity va chon Buffer mot oi tng se khong b thc hien em neu khoang cach ch nh la 0 co the ch nh khoang cach am oi vi oi tng em Polygon. Khoang cach am se tao vung em ben trong Polygon. Ta co the dung Field e ch nh khoang cach em cho tng oi tng S la chon Left, Right c dung cho Polyline. Vung em co the c tao ben trai hay ben phai neu ta chon Left hay Right. Neu muon tao vung em cho ca hai ben th chon Full S la chon End Type cung ch c dung cho Polyline. S la chon nay dung e xac nh hnh dang cua iem cuoi cung cua Line. Mac nh chng trnh se la chon Round e tao mot na ng tron cho iem cuoi cung. Kieu Dissolve xac nh kieu phan ra se c thc hien e xoa bo vung em chong lap len nhau. None neu muon cac vung em se oc lap vi nhau. All neu muon tat ca cac vung em c ghep lai thanh mot vung em va bo bat k vung
em nao chong lap. Ta cung co the la chon vai Field e Dissolve neu ta chon LIST trong Dissolve Type . Nhng oi tng co thuoc tnh giong nhau tren Field ch nh se Dissolve 5.3 Clip
cong cu nay dung e trch mot so oi tng ma chong lap vi oi tng Clip - trong hop thoai ToolBox, chon Analysis Tools - trong Analysis Tools chon Extract va chon Clip - oi tng Input Feature co the bat k oi tng khong gian nao. Nhng oi tng Clip th phai dang Polygon - neu Input feature va Clip Feature c chon t trong Map cua ArcMap th ch cac oi tng chon c s dung trong cong cu CLIP 5.4 Dissolve
Cong cu nay dung e gop cac oi tng co chung mot hay nhieu thuoc tnh thanh mot - trong hop thoai ToolBox, chon Data Management Tools - trong Data Management Tools chon Genaralization va chon Dissolve - ket qua cua Dissolve co the la nhng oi tng Multipart - cac field dang so co the dung e tom tat - neu Input feature c chon t trong Map cua ArcMap th ch cac oi tng chon c s dung trong cong cu Dissolve 5.5 Intersect
Cong cu nay dung e tnh toan s giao nhau trong khong gian cua cac oi tng Input. Tat ca cac phan chung gia cac Feature Class c gi lai trong file Output - trong hop thoai ToolBox, chon Analysis Tools - trong Analysis Tools chon Overlay va chon Intersect - Input Feature phai la oi tng hnh hoc nh: iem, ng, vung. Cac oi tng Annotation, Dimension, Network khong c s dung - Mot ieu quan trong trong viec xac nh chieu cua oi tng xuat ra. Trong ArcMap, polygon la 2 chieu, Polyline la 1 chieu, Point la 0. Neu nhng oi tng Input co dang hnh hoc khac nhau th mac nh se chon kieu oi tng Output co so chieu nho nhat trong cac oi tng Input. 5.6 Union
trong hop thoai ToolBox, chon Analysis Tools trong Analysis Tools chon Overlay va chon Union tat ca cac oi tng Input phai co dang hnh hoc la Polygon

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VIEN KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE VIET NAM PHAN VIEN VAT LY TAI TP.

ARCGIS CAN BAN

TP. HO CH MINH 06/2005

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GII THIEU ARCMAP

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Khi ArcMap c khi ong se thay Splash Screen c hien th au tien

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P. a Tin hoc Vien tham

Bai 1: Gii thieu ArcMap

e chuyen qua lai gia hai

P. a Tin hoc Vien tham

Bai 1: Gii thieu ArcMap

P. a Tin hoc Vien tham

Bai 1: Gii thieu ArcMap

P. a Tin hoc Vien tham

Bai 1: Gii thieu ArcMap

P. a Tin hoc Vien tham

Bai 1: Gii thieu ArcMap

Hien th Map Tips

P. a Tin hoc Vien tham

Bai 1: Gii thieu ArcMap

P. a Tin hoc Vien tham

Bai 1: Gii thieu ArcMap

P. a Tin hoc Vien tham

Bai 1: Gii thieu ArcMap

P. a Tin hoc Vien tham

Bai 2: Tao ban o

Them mot lp t mot ban o khac

P. a Tin hoc Vien tham

Bai 2: Tao ban o

P. a Tin hoc Vien tham

Bai 2: Tao ban o

P. a Tin hoc Vien tham

Bai 2: Tao ban o

P. a Tin hoc Vien tham

Bai 2: Tao ban o

Click phai tren lp CAD va chon Properties

P. a Tin hoc Vien tham

Bai 2: Tao ban o

P. a Tin hoc Vien tham

Bai 2: Tao ban o

tren thanh cong cu Standard

P. a Tin hoc Vien tham

Bai 2: Tao ban o

Chnh sa cac thong so toa o cua he thong toa o

P. a Tin hoc Vien tham

Bai 2: Tao ban o

P. a Tin hoc Vien tham

Bai 3: Chnh sa d lieu khong gian

CHNH SA D LIEU KHONG GIAN

3.3 Moi trng truy bat oi tng