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0,1.1.96500
I.t
t=
= 1,0 gi.
2,68.3600
F
HD 2: Cc phn ng ln lt xy ra:
n e trao i = 1.nAg+ =
Hy s huTuyn tp100 thi th C-H gii chi tit v 4 tp cha kha vng
gii nhanh ha hc.
dpdd
4AgNO3 + 2H2O
4Ag + 4HNO3 + O2
x mol
x mol
+
2+
3Fe + 2NO3 + 8H 3Fe + 2NO + 4H2O. (do Fe cn d).
0,375x
x mol
Fe + 2Ag+ 3Fe2+ + 2Ag
0,5y mol
y mol
y mol
Gii h : x + y = 0,15 v 108.y - (0,375x + 0,5y).56 = 14,5 - 12,6 = 1.9
x = 0,1 mol.
0,1.1.96500
I.t
t=
n e trao i = 1.nAg+ =
= 1,0 gi
2,68.3600
F
Cu 3: Cho cc pht biu sau:
(a) Cht bo c gi chung l triglixerit hay triaxylglixerol.
(b) Cht bo nh hn nc, khng tan trong nc nhng tan nhiu trong dung mi hu c.
(c) Phn ng thy phn cht bo trong mi trng axit l phn ng thun nghch.
(d) Tristearin, triolein c cng thc ln lt l: (C17H33COO)3C3H5, (C17H35COO)3C3H5.
S pht biu ng l
A. 3.
B. 2.
C. 4.
D. 1.
HD: p n ng l A ( a,b,c) . nu khng ch s chn lun c d nu khng thuc tn gi v cng thc.
Tristearin, triolein c cng thc ln lt l: (C17H35COO)3C3H5. (C17H33COO)3C3H5,
Ch : Tripamitin, (C15H31COO)3C3H5. Trilinolein (C17H31COO)3C3H5., Trilinolenin (C17H29COO)3C3H5
Cu 4: Cho dy cc cht: stiren, ancol benzylic, anilin, toluen, phenol (C6H5OH). S cht trong dy c kh
nng lm mt mu nc brom l
A. 4.
B. 3.
C. 5.
D. 2.
HD : ch 5s bn s c 0,2 im: stiren, , anilin, , phenol
Stiren: C6H5CH=CH2 + Br2 C6H5CHBrCH2Br
Anilin: C6H5NH2 + 3Br2 C6H2Br3NH2 + 3HBr
Phenol: C6H5OH + 3Br2 C6H2Br3OH + 3HBr
ti le mol 1:2
(e) Ag + O3
(g) SiO2 + dung dch HF
S phn ng to ra n cht l
A. 4.
B. 5.
C. 6.
D. 3.
HD : ch 15s bn s c 0,2 im: d dng chn A
(a) H2S + SO2 S+H2O
(b) Na2S2O3 + dung dch H2SO4 (long) S+SO2+ Na2SO4.+H2O
(c) SiO2 + 2Mg
2MgO+ Si
ti le mol 1:2
(e) Ag + O3 Ag2O+ O2
Ch : (d) Al2O3 + 2 NaOH 2NaAlO2+ H2O
(g) SiO2 + dung dch 4HF SiF4+2H2O
Cu 6: Cho s phn ng :
xuctac
(a) X + H2O
Y
(b) Y + AgNO3 + NH3 + H2O amoni gluconat + Ag + NH4NO3
xuctac
(c) Y
E+Z
anh sang
X+G
(d) Z + H2O
chat diepluc
X, Y, Z ln lt l:
Thc s: Nguyn Vn Ph: T 098 92 92 117. Email:
phueuro@gmail.com
Hy s huTuyn tp100 thi th C-H gii chi tit v 4 tp cha kha vng
gii nhanh ha hc.
. Manhetit: Fe3O4 (72,41%) . Hematit : Fe2O3 (70,00%) . Pirit st: FeS2 (46,67%).
Cu 8: Hn hp X c khi lng 82,3 gam gm KClO 3, Ca (ClO3)2, CaCl2 v KCl. Nhit phn hon ton X thu
c 13,44 lt O2 (ktc), cht rn Y gm CaCl2 v KCl. Ton b Y tc dng va vi 0,3 lt dung dch K 2CO3
1M thu c dung dch Z. Lng KCl trong Z nhiu gp 5 ln lng KCl trong X. Phn trm khi lng KCl
trong X l
A. 25,62%.
B. 12,67%.
C. 18,10%.
D. 29,77%.
HD 1: Quy i hn hp thnh: CaCl2, KCl v O2 (0.6 mol)
t0
KCl
KCl
0,4 mol
0,4 mol
CaCl2 + K2CO3
CaCO3 +
0,3 mol
0.3 mol
2KCl
0.6 mol
(0,3.111 - 0,6.32)
= 0,4 mol , nKClbandau =1/5 KCl sau = 0,2 mol
Ta c : n KCl = 82,3 74,5
(0,2. 74,5.100)
= 18,10 (%). Vy C ng
%KCl =
82,3
HD 2: Bo ton klg suy ra klg hhY= 82,3- 0,6.32= 63,1g. S mol K 2CO3 =0,3 suy ra CaCO3=0,3 vy CaCl2=
0,3 nn KCl trong Y= (63,1-0,3.111)/74,5= 0,4. Suy ra KCl trong ddZ= 0,6+0,4=1. Suy ra s mol KCl trong
X= 1/5=0,2. %klg KCl trong x= 0,2.74,5/82,3= 18,1%.
HD 3:nu kh hiu th xem cch ny nh.
t
2KClO3
2KCl + 3O 2 (1)
o
t
X Ca(ClO3 ) 2
CaCl 2 + 3O 2 (2) Y
CaCl ; KCl CaCl ; KCl
2
(X)
2
(X )
CaCl2 + K 2 CO3
CaCO3 + 2KCl (3)
0, 6 mol Z
0,3 0,3
KCl
KCl (Y)
(Y)
(X)
Hy s huTuyn tp100 thi th C-H gii chi tit v 4 tp cha kha vng
gii nhanh ha hc.
nCO2 +nH2O
CnH2n
CmH2m+3N
mCO2 +
2m+3
2
H2O + 21 N2
3
2
nCO
namin
0,1
0,07
= 1,43
mCO2 +
chay
2CnH2n+3N
2nCO2 + (2n+3) H2O + N2
2n (2n+3)
=
=>n =1,4
0,1 0,205
2SO3;
Cu 11: Trong ancol X, oxi chim 26,667% v khi lng. un nng X vi H 2SO4 c thu c anken Y.
Phn t khi ca Y l
A. 56.
B. 70.
C. 28.
D. 42.
HD : ch 20s bn s c 0,2 im: M ancol =
16
.100 = 60 => M anken = 60 18 = 42
26,667
Cu 12: Cho 2,8 gam bt st vo 200 ml dung dch gm AgNO3 0,1M v Cu(NO3)2 0,5M; khi cc phn ng
xy ra hon ton thu c m gam cht rn X. Gi tr ca m l
A. 4,72.
B. 4,08.
C. 4,48.
D. 3,20.
+
2+
HD 1: Ag +
1e Ag.
Cu +
2e Cu.
0,02
0,02
0,02mol
0,04
0,08
0,04 mol
Fe 2e Fe2+
Fe 2e Fe2+
0,01
0,02 mol
0,04
0,08 mol
Vy Fe v AgNO3 ht, Cu(NO3)2 d=> m = 0,02.108 + 0,04.64 = 4,72 (gam).
HD 2: S mol Fe =0,05; s mol Ag+= 0,02; Cu2+= 0,1. Th t p:
Fe + 2Ag+ 2Ag
0,01 0,02
0,02 cn 0,04mol Fe
Thc s: Nguyn Vn Ph: T 098 92 92 117. Email:
phueuro@gmail.com
Hy s huTuyn tp100 thi th C-H gii chi tit v 4 tp cha kha vng
gii nhanh ha hc.
Fe+ Cu2+ = Cu
0,04 d 0,04. Klg m= 0,02.108 + 0,04.64= 4,72(gam).
Cu 13: Hirat ha 5,2 gam axetilen vi xc tc HgSO4 trong mi trng axit, un nng. Cho ton b cc cht
hu c sau phn ng vo mt lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3 thu c 44,16 gam kt ta. Hiu sut
phn ng hirat ha axetilen l
A. 80%.
B. 70%.
C. 92%.
D. 60%.
HD1:
C2H2
CH CH x mol AgNO /NH CAg CAg x mol
H O
44,16 gam
Hg , H
2y mol
2Ag
0,2mol
CH3CHO y mol
gii theo s
2
2+
x +y =0,2
Ta c:
x =0,04
H=
0,16
.100 = 80%
0,2
240x +108.2y =44,16 y =0,16
HD2: gii theo ptpu
CH CH + H2O CH3-CHO 2Ag
x mol
x mol
2x mol
CH CH + AgNO3/NH3
C2Ag2
y mol
y mol
Gii h x + y = 0,2 v 216 x + 240 y = 44,16
=> x = (0,16.100)/0,2 = 80 (%).
HD3: gii theo suy lun
: C2H2 ----------> CH3CHO ----> 2Ag
0,2
x-------------------> x ----------> 2x
C2H2 d (0,2-x) ---------------------------> C2Ag2(0,2-x) mol kt ta
Klg kt ta gm 2x.108 + (0,2 -x)240 =44,16
------> x = (0,16.100)/0,2 = 80 (%).
Cu 14: Hn hp X gm 2 amino axit no (ch c nhm chc COOH v NH 2 trong phn t), trong t l
mO : mN = 80 : 21. tc dng va vi 3,83 gam hn hp X cn 30 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Mt khc, t
chy hon ton 3,83 gam hn hp X cn 3,192 lt O 2 (ktc). Dn ton b sn phm chy (CO 2, H2O v N2) vo
nc vi trong d th khi lng kt ta thu c l
A. 20 gam.
B. 13 gam.
C. 10 gam.
D. 15 gam.
HD1 ; ta c 3,83 gam X + HCl nN = nHCl = 0,03 mol mN = 0,03.14 = 0,42 gam v mO = (80/21).0,42 = 1,6 gam
X gm C (x mol); H (y mol); O (1,6 gam); N (0,42 gam) CO2 (x mol) + H2O (y/2 mol)
Khi : 12.x + 1.y = 3,83 1,6 0,42 = 1,81 (mhhX) v
1,6
16
.1+
3,192
y
.2 = x.2 + .1 (bo ton O)
22,4
2
Hy s huTuyn tp100 thi th C-H gii chi tit v 4 tp cha kha vng
gii nhanh ha hc.
nCO
0,3
=
= 3. Ancol CH3OH hoc C2H5OH
Khi n ancol = 0,4 0,3 = 0,1 mol v s nguyn t cacbon <
nancol 0,1
2
(tm)
(loi)
C4H8O2 + CH3OH
C5H10O2
+ H2O
0,05
0,1
80%.0,05 m = 80%.0,05.102 = 4,08 gam.
CCH KHC;CnH2nO2 , CmH2m+2O . Khi chy th s mol ancol = smol H 2O-CO2= 0,1. gi s mol axit =x
Bo ton khi lng suy ra klg oxi= 0,3.44+0,4.18-7,6= 12,8 l 0,4mol. Bo ton ng.t oxi ta c: 2x +0,1
+0,4.2 = 0,3.2+ 0,4 vy x= 0,05. S mol CO 2 = 0,05n + 0,1m=0,3 nn n +2m= 6. V n khc m nn m=1 v n=4.
CTPT este C5H10O2. Suy ra ancol d; theo l thuyt s mol este= s mol axit=0,05. m = 80%.0,05.102 = 4,08
gam.
Cu 17: Phn trm khi lng ca nguyn t R trong hp cht kh vi hiro (R c s oxi ha thp nht) v
trong oxit cao nht tng ng l a% v b%, vi a : b = 11 : 4. Pht biu no sau y l ng?
A. Oxit cao nht ca R iu kin thng l cht rn.
B. Nguyn t R ( trng thi c bn) c 6 electron s.
C. Trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc, R thuc chu k 3.
D. Phn t oxit cao nht ca R khng c cc.
HD1:
%R (RH x )
%R (R 2O8 x )
%C (CH 4 )
%C (CO2 )
12 12 11
:
= R l Cacbon.
16 44 4
a
a = 1,44 gam.
18
Cu 19: Hn hp X gm Fe3O4 v Al c t l mol tng ng 1 : 3. Thc hin phn ng nhit nhm X (khng
c khng kh) n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c hn hp gm
A. Al2O3 v Fe.
B. Al, Fe v Al2O3.
C. Al, Fe, Fe3O4 v Al2O3.
D. Al2O3, Fe v Fe3O4.
HD. P 8Al + 3Fe3O4 = 4Al2O3 + 9Fe. T t l mol theo gt suy ra Al d.
Cu 20: Hp cht X c cng thc C8H14O4. T X thc hin cc phn ng (theo ng t l mol):
(a) X + 2NaOH X1 + X2 + H2O
(b) X1 + H2SO4 X3 + Na2SO4
(c) nX3 + nX4 nilon-6,6 + 2nH2O
(d) 2X2 + X3 X5 + 2H2O
Phn t khi ca X5 l
A. 198.
B. 202.
C. 216.
D. 174.
HD:
(a) HOOC-[CH2]4-COOC2H5 + 2NaOH NaOOC-[CH2]4-COONa + C2H5OH + H2O
(b) NaOOC-[CH2]4-COONa + H2SO4 HOOC-[CH2]4-COOH + Na2SO4
(c) nHOOC-[CH2]4-COOH + nH2N-[CH2]6-NH2 nilon-6,6 + 2nH2O
Bo ton nguyn t O trong phn ng t chy: 2.0,06 + 2.0,09 = 2.0,11 + 1.
Hy s huTuyn tp100 thi th C-H gii chi tit v 4 tp cha kha vng
gii nhanh ha hc.
S mol Ba2+ = 0,05; s mol SO42-= 0,3V/1000; s mol OH- = 0,1; Al3+ = 0,2V/1000.
C 2 TH xy ra : mui nhm d hoc mui nhm ht. Nu d mui nhm th ko tnh c V.
Xt mui nhm ht th BaSO4 = 0,3V/1000 (mol) v Al(OH) 3 = (4.0,2V/1000-0,1)(mol) vy klg kt ta =
233.0,3V/1000+ 78.(4.0,2V/1000 -0,1)=12,045. Gii ra V= 150.
Cu 22: Cho dy cc cht: C6H5NH2 (1), C2H5NH2 (2), (C6H5)2NH (3), (C2H5)2NH (4), NH3 (5) (C6H5- l gc
phenyl). Dy cc cht sp xp theo th t lc baz gim dn l :
A. (4), (1), (5), (2), (3).
B. (3), (1), (5), (2), (4).
C. (4), (2), (3), (1), (5).
D. (4), (2), (5), (1), (3).
HD : C2H5)2NH (4) > C2H5NH2 (2) > NH3 (5) > C6H5NH2 (1) > (C6H5)2NH (3)
Gc y electron (C2H5-) lm tng tnh baz, gc ht electron (C6H5-) lm gim tnh baz.
Cu 23: Hiro ha hon ton hirocacbon mch h X thu c isopentan. S cng thc cu to c th c ca
X l
A. 6.
B. 5.
C. 7.
D. 4.
HD: Cc cu to c th c: X l hidrocacbon ko no mch nhnh: C=C(CH 3)-C-C-C v 2 p anken v tr; CC(CH3)-CC; ankadien c 2 p v tr; anken-in c 1 cht C=C(CH3) CC
Nh vy 7 ctct sau :
C=C(CH3)-C-C; C-C(CH3)=C-C; C-C(CH3)-C=C; C=C(CH3)-C=C; C-C(CH3)=C=C; C-C(CH3)C C;
C=C(CH3)-C C,
Cu 24: t chy hon ton 4,64 gam mt hirocacbon X (cht kh iu kin thng) ri em ton b sn
phm chy hp th ht vo bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH) 2. Sau cc phn ng thu c 39,4 gam kt ta v khi
lng phn dung dch gim bt 19,912 gam. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C3H4.
B. CH4.
C. C2H4.
D. C4H10.
HD: Gi s mol CO2 v H2O l a v b mol. Ta c mHC = mC + mH = 12.a + 2.b = 4,64
mdd gim = mKT (44.a + 18.b) 44.a + 18.b = 39,4 19,912 = 19,488
Khi : a = 0,348 ; b = 0,232. Khi C : H = a : (2b) = 0,348 : (2.0,232) = 3 : 4. Vy HC l C 3H4.
CCH KHC
CO2 v hi nc b dd gi li. Klg dd gim suy ra tng CO 2, H2O= 39,4-19,912= 19,488. Suy ra klg oxi
p= 19,488-4,64= 14,848 l 0,464mol. S mol CO2 ngoi to BaCO3= 0,2 cn c th to mui axit tan
trong dd. Gi s mol HCO3- trong dd l x v s mol H 2O do X sinh ra l y. Bo ton O ta c: 2(0,2+x) +
y=0,464.2; nn 2x+y= 0,528 v bo ton klg X ta c: 12(0,2+x) + 2y= 4,64 6x+y=1,12. Gii h trn ra
x= 0,148 v y=0,232. Vy s mol CO2=0,348; H2O=0,232 nn t l C:H= 3:4.
Cu 25: Dy cc kim loi u c th c iu ch bng phng php in phn dung dch mui (vi in cc
tr) l:
A. Ni, Cu, Ag.
B. Li, Ag, Sn.
C. Ca, Zn, Cu.
D. Al, Fe, Cr.
Loi: B. Ca; C. Li; D. Al c iu ch bng phng php in phn nng chy.
Hy s huTuyn tp100 thi th C-H gii chi tit v 4 tp cha kha vng
gii nhanh ha hc.
A. 5.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
HD : ch 20s bn s c 0,2 im: tr (a) Phenol tan nhiu trong nc lnh l pht biu sai, n ch tan nhiu
trong nc nng thi
Cu 27: Thc hin cc th nghim sau ( iu kin thng):
(a) Cho ng kim loi vo dung dch st (III) clorua.
(b) Sc kh hiro sunfua vo dung dch ng (II) sunfat.
(c) Cho dung dch bc nitrat vo dung dch st (III) clorua.
(d) Cho bt lu hunh vo thy ngn.
S th nghim xy ra phn ng l
A. 2.
B. 1.
C. 3.
D. 4.
HD : ch 10s bn s c 0,2 im Chn a; b; c; d
(a) Cu + 2FeCl3 2FeCl2 + CuCl2
(b) H2S + CuSO4 CuS + H2SO4
(c) 3AgNO3 + FeCl3 3AgCl + Fe(NO3)3
(d) S + Hg HgS
Cu 28: X v Y l hai nguyn t thuc cng mt chu k, hai nhm A lin tip. S proton ca nguyn t Y
nhiu hn s proton ca nguyn t X. Tng s ht proton trong nguyn t X v Y l 33. Nhn xt no sau y
v X, Y l ng?
A. m in ca X ln hn m in ca Y.
B. n cht X l cht kh iu kin thng.
C. Lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t Y ( trng thi c bn) c 5 electron.
D. Phn lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t X ( trng thi c bn) c 4 electron.
HD : ch 20s bn s c 0,2 im : ch cn xem d kin Tng s ht proton trong nguyn t X v Y l 33 th
d dng suy ra 2 nguyn t trong BTH l S v Cl. nn D ng
Cng chu k m 2 nhm A lin tip nn Z hn km l 1: 2Z+1=33 nn Z=16 vy X l S cn Y l Clo.
Cu 29: Cho dy cc hp cht thm: p-HO-CH2-C6H4-OH, p-HO-C6H4-COOC2H5,
p-HO-C6H4COOH, p-HCOO-C6H4-OH, p-CH3O-C6H4-OH. C bao nhiu cht trong dy tha mn ng thi 2 iu kin
sau?
(a) Ch tc dng vi NaOH theo t l mol 1 : 1.
(b) Tc dng c vi Na (d) to ra s mol H2 bng s mol cht phn ng.
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 1.
D. 2.
HD : ch 20s bn s c 0,2 im : p-HO-CH2-C6H4-OH, C ng
p-HO-CH2-C6H4-OH + NaOH p-HO-CH2-C6H4-ONa + H2O
p-HO-CH2-C6H4-OH + 2Na p-NaO-CH2-C6H4-ONa + H2
Cu 30: Cho hn hp K2CO3 v NaHCO3 (t l mol 1 : 1) vo bnh dung dch Ba(HCO 3)2 thu c kt ta X v
dung dch Y. Thm t t dung dch HCl 0,5M vo bnh n khi khng cn kh thot ra th ht 560 ml. Bit ton
b Y phn ng va vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Khi lng kt ta X l
A. 3,94 gam.
B. 7,88 gam.
C. 11,28 gam.
D. 9,85 gam.
HD :ddY c HCO3 p NaOH t l mol 1:1 nn s mol HCO 3 trong Y= 0,2. Gi s mol K2CO3 l x v
Ba(HCO3)2 l y. Khi p HCl ta c s mol HCl= 2x+x+2y=0,28 hay 3x+2y=0,28; s mol HCO 3-= x+2y=0,2
nn x= 0,04 v y=0,08. Vy BaCO3 = x=0,04 l 7,88g
CCH KHC ;
Y phn ng vi NaOH nn Y c HCO3: HCO3 + OH CO32 + H2O nHCO = nNaOH = 0,2 mol.
3
Cht trong bnh phn ng vi HCl: HCO3 + H CO2 + H2O; CO3 + 2H+ CO2 + H2O
0,2
0,2
(mol) 0,04 0,56.0,5 0,2
(mol)
Khi : K2CO3 v NaHCO3 c s mol 0,04 mol S mol Ba(HCO3)2 l (0,2 0,04)/2 = 0,08 mol
K2CO3 + Ba(HCO3)2 BaCO3 + 2KHCO3
0,04
0,08
0,04 mol Khi lng kt ta X l 0,04.197 = 7,88 gam.
Hy s huTuyn tp100 thi th C-H gii chi tit v 4 tp cha kha vng
gii nhanh ha hc.
3
10,5 nn n= 7/3 l C 2H4 v C3H6 dng s ng cho tm ra t l mol l 2:1. Khi cng H2O
propen cho ancol bc I v bc II cn eten cho ancol bc I. Xt X c 2mol eten th cho 2mol C 2H5OH; 1
mol propen cho x mol ancol bc I v (1-x)mol C3H7OH bc II. T gt ta c: 60(1-x)/(92+60x)=6/13 nn
x=0,2. % khi lng C3H7OH bc I= 12/152=7,89%.
cch khc:
VCO
7
3
2
= = 2,33 Hai anken l C2H4 v C3H6.
Ta c: VO = VCO VCO = .10,5 = 7 C =
VX
3
2
3
2
C=
2nC H +3nC H
2
nC H +nC H
2
7
3
nC H
2
nC H
3
2
1
60.(1 a)
46.2 + 60.a
6
13
a = 0,2 . Vy % CH2OH-CH2-CH3 =
60.0,2
.100 = 7,89%
46.2 + 60.1
Cu 32: Ha tan hon ton 2,43 gam hn hp gm Mg v Zn vo mt lng va dung dch H 2SO4 long,
sau phn ng thu c 1,12 lt H2 (ktc) v dung dch X. Khi lng mui trong dung dch X l
A. 5,83 gam.
B. 7,33 gam.
C. 4,83 gam.
D. 7,23 gam.
S mol axit p = s mol H2=0,05 nn klg mui = 2,43+0,05.96= 7,23g
Cu 33: Cho dy cc cht: Al, Al(OH) 3, Zn(OH)2, NaHCO3, Na2SO4. S cht trong dy va phn ng c vi
dung dch HCl, va phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH l
A. 2.
B. 5.
C. 3.
D. 4.
HD : ch 5s bn s c 0,2 im : Al, Al(OH)3, Zn(OH)2, NaHCO3, qu d nh, nn hi hp cht lng tnh th
hay hn, v nn thm nhiu cht na cng hay.
Cc cht: Al, Al(OH)3, Zn(OH)2, NaHCO3
2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Al(OH)3 + 3HCl AlCl3 + 3H2O
Zn(OH)2 + 2HCl ZnCl2 + 2H2O
NaHCO3 + HCl NaCl + CO2 + H2O
Cu 34: Ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp gm Na2O v Al2O3 vo nc thu c dung dch X trong sut.
Thm t t dung dch HCl 1M vo X, khi ht 100 ml th bt u xut hin kt ta; khi ht 300 ml hoc 700 ml
th u thu c a gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a v m ln lt l
A. 23,4 v 56,3.
B. 23,4 v 35,9.
C. 15,6 v 27,7.
D. 15,6 v 55,4.
HD; Na2O + 2H2O 2NaOH; 2NaOH + Al2O3 2NaAlO2 + H2O dung dch X gm NaAlO2 v NaOH d
Khi thm 100 ml HCl (0,1 mol) bt u c kt ta n NaOH d = n HCl = 0,1 mol
Khi thm 300 ml HCl (0,3 mol) hoc 700 ml (0,7 mol) th u thu c a gam kt ta, do :
a
nH min = nOH + n 0,3 = 0,1+
a = 15,6 gam
78
15,6
nH max = nOH + 4.nNaAlO2 3.n 0,7 = 0,1+ 4.nNaAlO2 3.
nNaAlO2 = 0,3 mol
78
1
1
1
1
BTNT: nNa O = (nNaOH +nNaAlO ) = (0,1 +0,3) =0,2 mol; nAl O = .nNaAlO = .0,3 =0,15 mol
2
2
2
2
Vy m = 62.0,2 + 102.0,15 = 27,7 gam.
+
CCH KHC:
S mol HCl p NaOH d trong ddX=s mol NaOH=0,1. NaAlO 2 trong ddX khi p 0,2mol HCl to
0,2mol Al(OH)3 nn a=15,6g. Nhng khi dng 0,6mol HCl s to 0,2mol Al(OH) 3 v mui Al3+. Vy c
0,4mol HCl p sau: AlO2- + 4H+= Al3+ + 2H2O tng mol AlO2- l 0,2 + 0,1=0,3 nn Al2O3=0,15. Na2O s l
0,15 + 0,1/2= 0,2. vy m= 27,7
Cu 35: Cho dy cc oxit: NO2, Cr2O3, SO2, CrO3, CO2, P2O5, Cl2O7, SiO2, CuO. C bao nhiu oxit trong dy
tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH long?
A. 6.
B. 7.
C. 8.
D. 5.
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Hy s huTuyn tp100 thi th C-H gii chi tit v 4 tp cha kha vng
gii nhanh ha hc.
HD : ch 30s bn s c 0,2 im cu ny l thuyt nhng kh v hay, chc chn nhiu hs s nhm cu ny.
p n ng l A. 6: gm NO2, SO2, CrO3, CO2, P2O5, Cl2O7, cn 2 cht sau th phi l NaOH c Cr2O3, SiO2,
cung cp mt s thng tin chng ta tham kho nh
Cr2O3 + 2NaOH + 3H2O --> 2Na[Cr(OH)4]
Trng thi:
(r)
(dd c)
(l)
(dd)
Mu sc:
(lc thm)
iu kin: Nhit .
Hin tng:
Loi phn ng: Ha hp.
Cng thc tng qut:
Cch thc hin:
M rng: Na[Cr(OH)4] : Natri cromit
Thng tin khc: Crom III oxit l oxit lng tnh tan trong axit v baz c.
SiO2 khng c hi lm, nu ta tip nhn qua ng thc qun; Nhng s rt c hi qua ng h hp; Bn
nghe ni bnh bi phi cha; l do SiO2 tch t trong phi lu ngy gy h phi; Chng ta khng th ht
th c na!
(*) Tc dng vi kim loi: (nh Al, Mg, . . .)
SiO2 + 2 Mg = 2 MgO + Si + 89 Kcal
(*) N khng tc dng vi hu ht xit ngoi tr HF, theo phn ng sau:
SiO2 + 4 HF = SiF4 + 2 HOH
(*) Tc dng vi kim:
SiO2 + 2 NaOH = Na2SiO3 + HOH
(y l phn ng tiu biu c ngnh silcat!)
(*) Tc dng vi mui:
SiO2 + Na2CO3 = Na2SiO3 + CO2 (cng l phn ng c trng ca ngnh ny)
(Mui silcat nu trn ngi ta hay gi l thy tinh lng)
SiO2 + NaOH c = Na2SiO3 + H2O
Al2O3+ 2NaOH = 2Na Al O2 + H2O
Sau sc CO2 thu ly kt ta: Al(OH)3
ri nhit phn thi
1
Cu 36: Xt phn ng phn hy N2O5 trong dung mi CCl4 450C :
N2O5 N2O4 + O2
2
Ban u nng ca N2O5 l 2,33M, sau 184 giy nng ca N2O5 l 2,08M. Tc trung bnh ca phn
ng tnh theo N2O5 l
A. 1,36.10-3 mol/(l.s).
B. 6,80.10-4 mol/(l.s)
C. 6,80.10-3 mol/(l.s).
D. 2,72.10-3 mol/(l.s).
CN O
2,08 2,33
= 1,36.103 mol/(l.s)
t
184
CCH KHC: Nng N2O5 gim i = 0,25. Vy v=0,25/184=1,36.10-3.
HD: v =
55
94
87,18
100
.100 = 87,18%
CCH KHC: dinh dng phn kali tnh bng %klg K 2O. Xt 100g phn kali th c 55gK2O l
0,585mol suy ra s mol KCl=1,17mol hay 87,18g. Vy %klg KCl =87,18.
Cu 39: Cho cc pht biu sau:
(a) t chy hon ton este no, n chc, mch h lun thu c s mol CO2 bng s mol H2O.
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10
Hy s huTuyn tp100 thi th C-H gii chi tit v 4 tp cha kha vng
gii nhanh ha hc.
a + b = 0,1
a = 0,04
Vy: %mX =
0,04.60
8,64
.100 = 27,78%
Cu 42: Cho 100 ml dung dch AgNO3 2a mol/l vo 100 ml dung dch Fe(NO 3)2 a mol/l. Sau khi phn ng kt
thc thu c 8,64 gam cht rn v dung dch X. Cho dung dch HCl d vo X thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr
ca m l
A. 11,48
B. 14,35
C. 17,22
D. 22,96
S mol Ag+=0,2a; Fe2+=0,1a nn s to Ag l 0,1a. Vy 108.0,1a=8,64 nn a= 0,8. Sau p dd cn 0,1a mol
Ag+ l 0,08 s to 0,08mol AgCl l 11,48g kt ta.
CCH KHC:
Fe(NO3)2 + AgNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + Ag
0,1.a
0,2.a
0,08 mol 0,1.a = 0,08 a = 0,8M
AgNO3 d: 0,1.0,8 = 0,08 mol. PTHH: AgNO3 + HCl AgCl + HNO3 . Vy m = 143,5.0,08 = 11,48 gam.
Cu 43: t chy hon ton mt lng ancol X to ra 0,4 mol CO 2 v 0,5 mol H2O. X tc dng vi Cu(OH) 2
to ra dung dch mu xanh lam. Oxi ha X bng CuO to hp cht hu c a cht Y. Nhn xt no sau y
ng vi X?
A. X lm mt mu nc brom
B. Trong X c hai nhm OH lin kt vi hai nguyn t cacbon bc hai.
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11
Hy s huTuyn tp100 thi th C-H gii chi tit v 4 tp cha kha vng
gii nhanh ha hc.
nCO
nX
nCO
nH O nCO
2
0,4
=
=4
0,5 0,4
D. 1
= 22-1
b. C3H9N
= 23-1
= 4 ( 2 bc 1+ 1 bc 2+1 bc 3)
c. C4H11N
= 24-1
= 8 ( 4 bc 1+ 3 bc 2+1 bc 3)
d. C5H13N = 25-1 +1
e. C6H15N
= 26-1 +7
= 2. ( 1 bc 1+ 1 bc 2+0 bc 3)
=17 ( 8 bc 1+ 6 bc 2+3 bc 3)
= 39 ( 17 bc 1+ 15 bc 2+7 bc 3)
12
Hy s huTuyn tp100 thi th C-H gii chi tit v 4 tp cha kha vng
gii nhanh ha hc.
3
2
13
7,5.2=15
C2H4 28
Hiu sut tnh theo H2 hoc C2H4. Chn nH2 =nC2H4 =1 mol nX = 2 mol
13
Bo ton khi lng: mX = mY 15.2 = nY.12,5.2 nY = 1,2 nH2 p = nX nY = 2 1,2 = 0,8 mol.
Vy H =
0,8
1
.100 = 80%
nCO
nY
nCO
nH O nCO
2
0,2
=
= 2 . Y l C2H5OH.
0,3 0,2
O2
Vy X l: CH3COOC2H5 2C2H5OH . Khi : CH3COOC2H5
4CO2 + 4H2O
Khi : m = 44.0,1.4 + 18.0,1.4 = 24,8 gam.
LiAlH4
Cu 53: C cc cht sau : keo dn ure-fomanehit; t lapsan; t nilon-6,6; protein; si bng; amoniaxetat; nha
novolac. Trong cc cht trn, c bao nhiu cht m trong phn t ca chng c cha nhm NH-CO-?
A. 5
B. 4
C. 3
D. 6
HD: t nilon-6,6 v t lapsan
Nha novolac:
- un nng hn hp fomanehit v phenol ly d vi xc tc axit c nha novolac mch khng phn nhnh (cu ni
13
Hy s huTuyn tp100 thi th C-H gii chi tit v 4 tp cha kha vng
gii nhanh ha hc.
metylen CH2 c th v tr ortho hoc para)
- Nha nhit do, d nng chy, tan trong mt s dung mi hu c, dng sn xut vecni, sn
Keo dn ure fomanehit
Poli(ure fomanehit)
Tm li: Ure-fomanehit: (-NH-CO-NH-CH2-)n; t nilon-6,6: (-NH-[CH2]6-NH-CO-[CH2]4-CO-)n
Protein: l cc polipeptit nn c lk -CO-NH-
SO4 ; NO3
HNO3
dd NH3
Ba2+ + SO42 BaSO4: nS = nBaSO4 = 0,2 mol; Fe3+
Fe(OH)3: nFe = nFe(OH)3 = 0,1 mol.
Khi nCu =
Ka =
[CH3COO ].[H ]
[CH3COOH]
;
(M)
(0,01+ x).x
0,03 x
CH3COOH
CH3COO + H+
0,03 x
x
x (M)
Ch : 1. Cng thc tnh pH ca dung dch axit yu HA.( V d: HF, HCOOH, CH3COOH...)
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14
Hy s huTuyn tp100 thi th C-H gii chi tit v 4 tp cha kha vng
gii nhanh ha hc.
1
pH = (log Kaxit + log Caxit = -log (.Caxit)
2
vi
: l in li;
0,01 M )
2. Cng thc tnh pH ca dung dch baz yu BOH. ( V d: NH3, CH3-NH2, ...)
pH = 14+
vi
1
(log Kbaz + log Cbaz )
2
3. Cng thc tnh pH ca dung dch axit yu HA v mui NaA. (V d: HF v NaF, HCOOH v HCOONa,
CH3COOH v CH3COONa...)
Ca
)
Cm
Ca : nng mol/l ca axit; Cm : nng mol/l ca mui
pH = -(log Kaxit + log
HD : E
pin(Zn-Cu)
o
o
o
o
= ECu2+/Cu E Zn2+/Zn ECu2+/Cu = Eopin(Zn-Cu) + E Zn2+/Zn = 1,10 0,76 = + 0,34V.
o
o
Eopin(Cu-Ag) = E Ag+/Ag ECu2+/Cu = 0,80 0,34 = 0,46V.
KT LUN:
- HAY, L THUYT VA PHI, BI TP CNG TNG I
KH, SONG HS CN C K NNG GII TON TT.
- HS NN LM PHN NNG CAO KT QU S TT HN PHN C
BN, HY TH XEM NH
- CHNG TRNH LP 10 CHIM KHONG 25%
- HS CN THAM KHO THM 40 CHA KHA VNG V 100 THI
TH GII CHI TIT GII NHANH HN THI H
15