PURPOSE OF THE EXPERIMENT Select an appropriate recrystallizing solvent. Separate and purify acetanilide from a mixture by recrystallization.

Compare the melting points of impure and recrystallized acetanilide. DATA TABLE Mass of aniline weighed Moles of aniline weighed Mass of acetic anhydride used Moles of acetic anhydride Actual mass of acetanilide obtained Percent yield Range of melting point of pure acetanilide SAMPLE CALCULATIONS Grams aniline 0.25 Ml C6H5NH2 x (1.02g/ 1mL )= 0.255g Grams Acetic Anhydride 0.30mL C4H6O3 x (1.08g/ 1 Ml ) =0.324g Limiting reagent 0.255g C6H5NH2 x ( 1 mol/ 93.13) (102.09/ 1 mol) = 0.27g C4H6O3 0.324 C4H6O3 x (1 mol / 102.09)(93.13/ 1 mol) = 0.295g C6H5NH2 Percent yield (0.02 g / 0.3649 g ) x 100 = 5% CONCLUSION Recrystallization removes impurities found in organic compounds produced by the environment. The need for maximum purity percentile of any organic compound is very important since it determines the potency of that product and its expected behavior or effect. For any solid compound containing a relatively small amount 0.25 mL 0.0027 mol 0.432 g 0.0042 mol 0.02 g 5% 111 C -114C

of impurity, melting will begin at the eutectic temperature and be complete at some temperature lower than the melting point of the pure compound. Moreover, if the concentration of the impurity were increased, the upper limit of the melting would be lowered and therefore the melting range decreased. In practice, however, equilibrium conditions are almost never achieved; it is extremely difficult to detect the initial melting condition. If only a very small amount of impurity is present the temperature may rise several degrees above the eutectic temperature before sufficient liquid phase accumulates to be visible to the human eye. Nevertheless, the temperature at which the last crystal disappears can be determined quite accurately. The melting point range observed 111 C -114C was very close to the literature melting point 113C -114C which assured us that the product was highly pure. The Percent yield of the reaction is 5%. It means that only 5 % pure Acetanilide was formed after the reaction. It did not reach the value of 90-100% mainly because the recrystalizing solvent used was not that effective with Acetanilide. REFERENCES Lab manual Techniques-Recrystallization. Web. 15 June. 2006. <http://www.docstoc.com>. Post-Laboratory questions 1) Percent yields calculation (Mass of actual yield/ mass of theoretical yield) x 100 (0.02 g / 0.3649 g ) x 100 % = 5%

2) Explain whether your synthesis and purification of acetanilide was successful or not The melting point range observed 111 C -114C was very close to the literature melting point 113C -114C which assured us that the product was highly pure.