i chiu cu b ng Ting Anh v Ting Vit.

Cu b ng l mt ti c nhiu nh ngn ng hc nghin cu v hin ang c quan tm trong bi nghin cu ny chng ti ch trnh by mt s kha cnh xoay quanh dng cu b ng trong ting Vit ng thi so snh i chiu vi cu b ng trong ting Anh. Hy vng bi nghin cu ny s h thng ha kin thc v cch dung dng b ng trong ting Anh ting Vit cho ngi s dng ngn ng,c bit l sinh vin chuyn ngnh ting Anh. Trong cng mt vn bn v vn cnh thc hin pht ngn qua rt ra mt s kt lun v iu kin s dng dng b ng mt cch linh hot v cu trc ng php v logic ng ngha,ng thi a ra mt s dng thc ngn ng c bit c quy v dng b ng trong ting Anh.

I. Xc lp c s i chiu:
Nghin cu ny da trn nhng nt ging nhau v khc nhau trong cch dng ca cu b ng ting Anh v ting Vit im ging nhau gia hai ngn ngx l cch thc s dng: Nhn mnh hnh ng ch khng phi tc nhn gy ra hnh ng Tuy nhin, trong Ting Anh ngi ta a chung v s dng cu b ng hn. N xut hin mt cch t nhin trong tt c cc loi vn phong t khu ng n nhng bi vit hc thut thuc vn phong khoa hc.Ngc lai, ngi Vit li a chung s dng cu ch ng hn

II. Phm vi i chiu:

Trong bi nghin cu ny chng ti ch nghin cu cc loi cu b ng trong Ting Anh v Ting Vit ni chung v minh ha bng cch ch ra s xuthin ca chng c trong trch on

III. Phng thc i chiu:

Do gii hn ca phm vi ti trong qu trnh thc hin nghin cu ny chng ti ch yu s dng phng thc ng nht khu bit v mt hot ng ca cu b ng trong ting Anh v ting Vit xt v cc phng din phn loi cu b ng v tn s xut hin ca n trong ting Anh Vit.

Phng php nghin cu: + Thu thp thng tin, t liu + Phn tch tng hp, so snh, i chiu.

IV. M t, phn loi:

1. Quan nim v cu b ng trong ting Anh v ting Vit Trong ting Anh khi nim th c coi l mt phm tr ng php, Ting Anh c 2 th: th ch ng v b ng.Th b ng (passive voice) l mt khi nim phm tr rt ph bin trong ng php ting Anh, mt phm tr ng php m tn ng ca ng t ng v tr ca ch ng.c th khng nh th b ng l mt hin tng ngn ng c miu t kh chi tit v y trong ting Anh. Dng thc cu b ng trong ting Anh BE + V-PP Qua ta c th d dng nhn bit u l cu b ng v khi chuyn t th ch ng sang b ng, tn ng ca ng t trong cu ch ng tr thnh ch ng ca cu b ng. V d: They dig a hole Subject Object A hole is digged Ngc li, ting Vit mt ngn ng phn tch tnh, ly ng php ch t v trt t t lm phng thc ng php c bn, cc t ting vit khng i hnh thi,k c ng t. Do vy, khng th cn c vo dng thc ca ng t hoc ng php xc nh dng thc ch ng hay b ng. Nu cn c hon ton vo cu trc ng php cng khng c bi trong ting Vit nhiu trng hp cu trc ca cu ch ng khng th phn bit c. 2. Mt s dng cu b ng in hnh trong ting Vit v trong Ting Anh. (Theo phn loi ca Th.s Nguyn nh Hng, Mt s vn v cu b ngtrong Ting Vit vTing Anh, Trng CSP Qung Bnh)

STT Ting Anh 1 Cu b ng chuyn i theo cc th tng ng.VD: My car is repaired by him / The result was informed

Ting Vit - Cu b ng c cha "b/ c" c s xut hin ca ch th hnh ng v i th hnh ng. a. cu b ng cha b c nh mt ng t c lp, sau n khng xut hin mt ng t no khc. VD:"Con c im 10". b. cu b ng c cha "b /c" ng trc mt ng t, tr thnh yu t b sung ngha th ng cho ng t . VD:"C din vin b d lun phn i" - Cu b ng c cha "b/c" nhng khng c s xut hin ca tn ng. VD:"Ngi cha c xy cch y my trm nm" - Cu b ng khng c s xut hin ca vo cu ny. VD:Nghin cu da trn c s Nghin cu c da trn c s.

- Cu trc b ng vi ch t o cho mt mnh ( To be said that/ It is believed that)VD: It is said that he beats his wife

- Dng b ng vi ng t c 2 b ng ph thuc vo vic ta mun nhn mnh thng tin no.VD: I was given a gift in Christmas / A gift was given to me in Christmas - Dng b ng c theo sau bi ng t nguyn mu.VD: She is allowed to visit her son twice - Cu b ng vi tn ng l b ng.VD: She was called stupid - Cu b ng vi ng t nguyn mu b ng. Dng cu ny thng c dng cng vi cc

tn ng.Vic chn gia 2 cu trc "b/c".Tuy nhin c th thmb/ c

-Cu b ng khng din t ngha ca hot ng m din t ngha trng thi tn ti. VD: Ti b mt tin".

t c bit v ng t khim khuyt.VD: She must be

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punished. - Cu b ng vi ng t nguyn mu qu kh.VD: It must have been rained. - Dng b ng th truyn khin (Have something done).VD: He has his car washed. -Dng b ng nguyn mu c "to". VD: There is nothing to be done. - Dng b ng vi cu trc "ing form"VD: Human love being praised - Dng "ing- form" vi ngha b ng.VD:The grass need cutting

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3. Mt s cu b ng Ting Anh v ngha tng ng trong Ting Vit (trch t K thut dch Anh-Vit, Nguyn Quc Hng. MA)

STT Ting Anh 1. - Cu b ng chuyn i theo cc th tng ng Cu trc: Tr ng t (be) + ng t chnh dng qu kh phn t. (1)ANZFA's safety guidelines are based on worlds best-practice standards. (4)An initial safety assessment is made by ANZFA experts, with public

Ting Vit - S dng cc t ng nh b/c/do Cu trc: b/c/do + V (transitive). B/ c/ phi/ do ng vai tr l cc t ch du hiu ca th b ng (tng t nh get/be ca ting Anh). (2). S dng tiu chun ANZFA, nhng thng tin do cc cng ty cung cp. (3) Liu thc phm c b bin i theo cch c th to ra s khng an ton

comment invited. (5) A review of all the finding is undertaken. (6)A full safety assessment is conducted byANZFA experts. (7)Final public comment on the proposed genetically modified food is invited. (8)A recommendation for approval or rejection is made. (3)They have been changed in any way which might make them unsafe. 2 - Ngoi ra trong on trch cn c dng b ng n do trong cu c i t quan h + t tobe (2)Using ANZFA guidelines, information (which are) supplied by companies.

khng.

- Cu b ng khng c s xut hin ca "b/c".Tuy nhin c th thmb/ c vo cu ny. (1) Ti liu ch dn an ton ca ANZFA da trn nhng tiu chun c thc hin tt nht trn ton th gii. Ti liu ch dn an ton ca ANZFA c da trn nhng tiu chun c thc hin tt nht trn ton th gii.

V. Evaluation and Implication

In term of linguistic factors:

So far, we come to a conclusion about that Vietnamese passive formation is mainly based on the lexical meaning or grammatical status of such word as b/

c/phi. However, in some cases, the passive meaning is understood mainly on the semantic meaning of the whole sentence.For example: (a)Thuyn y ra xa (b)Cu xy xong These sentences are grammartically correct. In term of semantic, these sounds illogic because "thuyn/ cu" is an object and itself can not carry out the action. In understanding these sentences, the reader/ hearer need to be conscious that there are passive meanings Cu b ng trong ting Anh c nhn dng bng hnh thi ng php theo c im ca ngn ng tng hp tnh nhng khi c ngha "b ng" c nhn ra m khng cn n hnh thi ng php quy nh.Yu t b ng c hiu ngm trong vn cnh ca li ni hay vn bn.

In term of beyond language factors

In both English and Vietnamese, passive voice is used to focus on the fact, the action or result of an actiontherefore, in passive sentence, the does is often ommotted. Despite being mentioned, it plays a very rigid role. Passive voice has an important role in English, especially in academic works where the actions taken place without mentioning the doer.vietnamese, vice versa, prefer active form.Hence, sometimes when traslating from English into Vietnamese,if the translator keep the orgininal structure, the Vietnamese version will not very idiomatic. We can take here several examples from the passage Sentence (8), a recommendation for approval or rejection is made to the Australian and New Zealand Food Standards Council (consisting of the Health Ministers of Australia and New Zealand) should not be translated word for word:Mt khuyn ngh c lm. but:Ngi ta khuyn ngh rng ANZFSC a ra khuyn ngh hoc chp nhn hoc bc b (c c kin ca B Sc Khe xtralia v New Zealand) Other Suggested translation (4)An initial safety assessment is made by ANZFA experts, with public comment invited.

Should be tranlated Chuyn gia ANZFA nh gi u tin v an ton, c tham kho kin ca cng chng. (5)A review of all the finding is undertaken. Should changed into Tng kt tt c nhng pht hin And (6)A full safety assessment is conducted by ANZFA experts Is translated into Chuyn gia ANZFA tin hnh nh gi mt cch y v an ton Besides, we realize almost anything can be stated through an active construction but only rather special things are suitable for description through a passive construction; there may be some special significance to the object noun phrase. As it is used wit a particular verb and a certain subject.Consider (Active) "I saw a table in the bar" (Passive)"A table was seen by me in the bar at the party" The passive one sounds artificial and unlike to be said. But if the active sentence was "my mother saw me in the bar" then the passive " i was seen (by my mother) in the bar" is definitely feasible if the passive was used, one might guess the speaker should not be there and may now get into trouble. In reality, there is still another quite interesting thing of using b/c/phi especially in spoken language in Northern Vietnam. For example: - Body cu ch hi b nh y -Em ca ti hi b xinh y nha. - Ti nu n hi b ngon y. It can be seen that in these examples b/ c mean nothing relating to passive or suffering. May be, the speaker wants to express his "suspicions" about the girl's body form, the girl's beautyHowever, these sentences normally express negative meaning than positive meaning. The words "hi/b" makes the sentences' meaning more negative. Also, sometimes "c" can be used and followed a verb to express the meaning of a "good result" of an action, such as in these sentences. Ti c c lm gim c"

( I was nominated to be the manager). To end with this, we want to state here some remarks on Vietnamese learners' habit of translating sentences with b/cinto English made by to Hong Th Phng Tho, Trn Thun (2000). They claimed that at elementary level, b/c is overemphasized in English- Vietnamese translation, the consequence of which is the tendency to treat any sentences containing b/c as passive. The most typical examples are: o Xe b h = The car was broken down. o Ti b mt tin = I was lost my money. They argue that the scope for b/ c is much larger than their usage in passive sentences. Therefore, careful notes should be given to beginner of English to avoid misleading way of thinking in the long run. So, they suggest that in sentences like these, teachers may ask pupils to drop b/c and see whether they are still grammatical. If the answer is "yes" the sentence under consideration is not passive and vice versa. At the same time, leanrners should be noticed that the numbers of verbs that can be used in the structure: NP object + VP transitive is quite limited compared with Vietnamese. In countering such sentences as: o Hng ch ti bng xe ti o Nh xy xong ri. A learner should be aware the subject can not carry out the actions and in this case, it is better to play safe by translating them as passive although English does allow a subject of its verb to be used similarly to those of Vietnamese. These prarical applications are very helpful for language learners and such a research is the goal we aimed at. VI. Conclusion: Despite this study of passive voice, we can see that language is so sophisticated. Besides similarities, an important way in which Vietnamese passive

differs from English one is that Vietnamese verbs don't themselves imply a clear notion of "voice" in the grammatical sense.Whereas, in English a transitive verb must be either active or passive. No such distinction is necessary in Vietnamese. Hence, the object of Vietnamese verbs is not formally marked. The issue which mentioned in this paper may not satisfactory. Hopefully, it can provide some helful information for language learners in writing and transforming sentence in specific context. Moreover, further research on passive voice should be carried out.