Gio trnh PHP cn bn

n mch logic

GVHD:Nguyn Th Minh

MC LC Li ni u Phn 1: C s l thuyt ti 1- 1. 1- 2. 1- 3. 1- 4. 1- 5. 1- 6. 1- 7. Tng quan v mch s Cc hm logic c bn Mch in cng TTL Mch logic t hp Mch dy B m B to xung clock IC NE555 Phn 2:Qu trnh thit k v nguyn l hot ng 2- 1. 2- 2. 2- 3. 2- 4. 2- 5 Tng quan ti Chc nng ca h thng hn gi cho thit b in S khi ca h thng hn gi cho thit b in Thit k chi tit tng khi S nguyn l h thng hn gi cho thit b in Trang 02 03 03 04 07 12 23 28 38 41 41 42 42 43 48

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LI NI U

rong nhng nm gn y cng ngh vi in t pht trin rt mnh m. S ra i ca cc vi mch c ln, cc ln vi gi thnh gim nhanh, kh nng lp trnh ngy cng cao mang li nhng thay i su sc trong ngnh k thut in t. Mch s, nhng mc khc nhau v ang thm nhp vo tt c cc thit b in t thng dng v chuyn dng. V vy mn hc: K thut s v mch lgic s gip cc sinh vin ngnh in t tm hiu su sc v in t s, nm c nhng vn ct li, tng cng nng lc gii quyt cc vn k thut trong thc t. Sau khi c hc mn: K thut s v mch lgic v c s hng dn ca c gio Nguyn Th Minh em chn ti: Thit k h thng hn gi cho thit b in lm n mn hc ny. Vi mc ch l vn dng c nhng kin thc in t s c hc vo thit k nhng bi ton ng dng thc t. Trong qu trnh thc hin n khng trnh khi nhng sai st, em rt mong nhn c s gp ch bo thm ca thy c v bn b c th hon thin hn cho ti. Em xin chn thnh cm n c gio Nguyn Th Minh ch bo tn tnh trong qu trnh thc hin ti ny, cm n tt c mi kin ng gp ca thy c v bn b.

Sinh vin thc hin !

ti:Thit k h thng hn gi cho thit b in

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N THIT K MCH LOGIC ti: Thit k h thng hn gi cho thit b in Gio vin hng dn: Sinh vin thc hin: Lp: Nguyn Th Minh Nguyn nh Tun 46K-TVT, Khoa Cng Ngh

PHN 1: C S L THUYT TI 1- 1. Tng quan v mch s Cc mch x l tn hiu ch mc cao v thp gi l mch s. Cn c vo c im v chc nng logic, chng ta phn loi mch s thnh hai loi chnh: mch t hp v mch dy. 1- 1.1. Mch t hp L mch m tn hiu ra ch ph thuc vo tn hiu vo. Phng trnh tn hiu ra ca mch: Yj = fj( X1, X2, Xn ); j = 1 m Trong mch c n u vo, m u ra. Cc Xi (i = 1n ) l cc tn hiu vo, cc tn hiu Yj (j = 1 m) l tn hiu ra. X = { X1, X2, ..., Xn } : Tp cc tn hiu vo. Y = { Y1, Y2, ..., Ym } : Tp hp cc tn hiu ra. Lc m hnh ton hc hnh 1.1,a c m t mt cch tng qut nh hnh 1.1,b. X1 X2 X3 Xn
. .

Y1 Mch t hp Y2
. . .

Y3 Ym

Mch t hp

1.1,a

1.1,b

Hnh 1.1: M hnh ton hc ca mch t hp. 1- 1.2. Mch dy

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L mch c tn hiu ra ph thuc khng nhng vo tn hiu vo m cn ph thuc trng thi trong ca mch, ngha l mch c lu tr, nh cc trng thi. Trong mch dy trng thi u ra n nh thi im xt bt k khng ch ph thuc vo trng thi u vo thi im m cn ph thuc c vo trng thi bn thn mch in thi im trc (trng thi trong).Cu trc mch nh hnh 1.2 X1 X2 Xi Z1 Z2 Zi

-----

Mch t hp

-----

YL

Y1

Mch nh

W1

WK

Hnh 1.2: S khi mch dy. Xt hnh 1.2, X(x1, x2, ..., xi) l tn hiu u v thi im xt tn, Z(z1, z2, ..., zj) l tn hiu u ra tn, W (w1, w2, ..., wk) l tn hiu u vo mch nh tn (tc l tn hiu kch ng b ca FF), Y(y1, y2, ..., yL) l tn hiu ra mch nh tn (tc l trng thi hin ti ca FF). 1- 2. Cc hm logic c bn 1- 2.1. Hm AND a. K hiu: K hiu ca cng AND nh hnh 1.3

Hnh 1.3: K hiu cng AND. b. Bng chn l: Ta c bng chn l ca hm AND nh sau (bng 1.1): A 0 0 1 1 B 0 1 0 1 Z 0 0 0 1
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Bng 1.1: Bng chn l hm AND c. Phng trnh u ra: T bng chn l ta c phng trnh tng qut u ra ca hm AND nh sau: f (x1,x2, ..., xn) = x1.x2...xn ; n = 1, 2, 3, ... Trong : f l u ra, xi l cc u vo. Hm AND l hm c 1 hoc nhiu u vo v c mt u ra duy nht. 1- 2.2. Hm OR a. K hiu: K hiu ca cng OR nh hnh 1.4

Hnh 1.4: K hiu cng OR. b. Bng chn l: Ta c bng chn l ca hm AND nh sau (bng 1.2): A 0 0 1 1 B 0 1 0 1 Z 0 1 1 1

Bng 1.2: Bng chn l hm OR. c. Phng trnh u ra: T bng chn l ta c phng trnh tng qut u ra ca hm OR nh sau: f (x1, x2, ..., xn) = x1 + x2 + ... + xn ; n = 1, 2, 3, ... Trong : f l u ra, xi l cc u vo. Hm OR l hm c 1 hoc nhiu u vo v c mt u ra duy nht. 1- 2.3. Hm NOT a. K hiu: K hiu ca cng NOT nh hnh 1.5

Hnh 1.5: K hiu cng NOT.

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b. Bng chn l: Ta c bng chn l ca hm NOT nh sau (bng 1.3): A 0 1 Z 1 0

Bng 1.3: Bng chn l hm NOT c. Phng trnh u ra: T bng chn l ta c phng trnh tng qut u ra ca hm NOT nh sau: f (x) = x Trong : f l u ra, x u vo. Hm NOT l hm c u vo v u ra duy nht. 1- 2.4. Hm NOR a. K hiu: K hiu ca cng NOR nh hnh 1.6.

Hnh 1.6: K hiu cng NOR. b. Bng chn l: Ta c bng chn l ca hm NOR nh sau (bng 1.4): A 1 0 1 0 B 1 1 0 0 Z 0 0 0 1

Bng 1.4: Bng chn l hm NOR c. Phng trnh u ra: T bng chn l ta c phng trnh tng qut u ra ca hm NOR nh sau: f (x1, x2, ..., xn) = x1 + x2 + ... + xn ; vi n = 1, 2, 3, ... Trong : f l u ra. xi l cc u vo.
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Hm NOR l hm mt hoc nhiu u vo v c mt u ra duy nht. 1- 2.5. Hm NAND a. K hiu: K hiu ca cng NAND nh hnh 1.7.

Hnh 1.7: K hiu cng NAND. b. Bng chn l: Ta c bng chn l ca hm NAND nh sau (bng 1.5): A 1 0 1 0 B 1 1 0 0 Z 0 1 1 1

Bng 1.5: Bng chn l hm NAND c. Phng trnh u ra: T bng chn l ta c phng trnh tng qut u ra ca hm NAND nh sau: f (x1, x2, ..., xn) = x1.x2 ... xn ; vi n = 1, 2, 3, ... Trong : f l u ra, xi l cc u vo. Hm NAND l hm mt hoc nhiu u vo v c mt u ra duy nht. 1- 3. Mch in cng TTL (TRANSISTOR TRANSISTOR - LOGIC) 1- 3.1. IC 74LS04: Mch o a. S chn: S chn ca 74LS04 nh hnh 1.8.

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Hnh 1.8: S chn IC 74LS04 b. Cu to: IC 74LS04 gm 6 cng NOT tch hp trn mt bn dn. u vo ca cng NOT ti cc chn: 1, 3, 5, 9, 11, 13, u ra ti cc chn: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, chn 8 ni ngun +5V, chn 7 ni t. c. Nguyn tc hot ng: 74LS04 hot ng nh cng NOT cc li ra Y l ph nh ca li vo A: Yi = A i, i = 1, 2, , 6. 1- 3.2. IC 74LS08: Mch v a. S chn: S chn ca 74LS08 nh hnh 1.9.

Hnh 1.9: S chn IC 74LS08 b. Cu to: IC 74LS08 gm 4 cng AND 2 u vo tch hp trn mt bn dn. u vo ca cng NOT ti cc chn: 1 - 2, 4 - 5, 9 - 10, 12 - 13, u ra ti cc chn: 3, 6, 8, 11, chn 8 ni ngun +5V, chn 7 ni t. c. Nguyn tc hot ng:
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74LS08 hot ng nh cng AND cc li ra Y l tch ca 2 li vo A v B: Yi = Ai.B i, i = 1, 2, , 4. 1- 3.3. IC 74LS32: Mch hoc a. S chn: S chn ca 74LS32 nh hnh 1.10.

b. Cu to: IC 74LS32 gm 4 cng OR 2 u vo tch hp trn mt bn dn. u vo ca cng OR ti cc chn: 1 - 2, 4 - 5, 9 - 10, 12 13, u ra ti cc chn: 3, 6, 8, 11, chn 8 ni ngun +5V, chn 7 ni t. c. Nguyn tc hot ng: 74LS32 hot ng nh cng OR cc li ra Y l tng ca 2 li vo A v B: Yi = A i + Bi, i = 1, 2, , 4. 1- 3.4. IC 74LS02: Mch hoc ph nh a. S chn: S chn ca 74LS02 nh hnh 1.11.

Hnh 1.10: S chn IC 74LS32

b. Cu to:

Hnh 1.11: S chn IC 74LS02

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IC 74LS02 gm 4 cng NOR 2 u vo tch hp trn mt bn dn. u vo ca cng NOR ti cc chn: 2 - 3, 5 - 6, 8 - 9, 11 12, u ra ti cc chn: 1, 4, 10, 13, chn 8 ni ngun +5V, chn 7 ni t. c. Nguyn tc hot ng: 74LS02 hot ng nh cng NOR cc li ra Y l ph nh ca tng 2 li vo A v B: Yi = Ai + B i, i = 1, 2, , 4. 1- 3.5. IC 74HC4075: Mch hoc a. S chn: S chn ca 74HC4075 nh hnh 1.12.

b. Cu to: IC 74HC4075 gm 3 cng OR 3 u vo tch hp trn mt bn dn. u vo ca cng OR ti cc chn: 3 - 4 - 5, 1 - 2 - 8, 11 12 - 13, u ra ti cc chn: 6, 9, 10, chn 8 ni ngun +5V, chn 7 ni t. c. Nguyn tc hot ng: 74HC4075 hot ng nh cng OR cc li ra Y l tng ca 3 li vo A , B v C: Yi = Ai + B i + Ci, i = 1, 2, 3. 1- 3.6. IC 74HC4002: Mch hoc ph nh a. S chn: S chn ca 74HC4002 nh hnh 1.13.

Hnh 1.12: S chn IC 74HC4075

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b. Cu to: IC 74HC4002 gm 2 cng NOR 4 u vo tch hp trn mt bn dn. u vo ca cng NOR ti cc chn: 2 - 3 - 4 - 5, 9 - 10 - 11, 12, u ra ti cc chn: 1,13, chn 8 ni ngun +5V, chn 7 ni t, chn 6 v 8 khng ni vi bn trong. c. Nguyn tc hot ng: 74HC4002 hot ng nh cng NOR cc li ra Y l ph nh ca tng 4 li vo A , B, C v D: Yi = A i + Bi + Ci+ Di, i = 1, 2. 1- 3.7. IC 74LS11: Mch v a. S chn: S chn ca 74LS11 nh hnh 1.14.

Hnh 1.13: S chn IC 74HC4002

Hnh 1.14: S chn IC 74LS11 b. Cu to: IC 74LS11 gm 3 cng AND 3 u vo tch hp trn mt bn dn. u vo ca cng AND ti cc chn: 1 - 2 - 13, 3 - 4 - 5, 9 - 10 - 11, u ra ti cc chn: 12,6, 8. Chn 8 ni ngun +5V, chn 7 ni t. c. Nguyn tc hot ng:
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74LS11 hot ng nh cng AND cc li ra Y l tch 3 li vo A, B, C: Yi = Ai.Bi.C i, i = 1, 2, 3. 1- 3.8. IC 74HC4072: Mch hoc a. S chn: S chn ca 74HC4072 nh hnh 1.15.

b. Cu to: IC 74HC4072 gm 2 cng OR 4 u vo tch hp trn mt bn dn. u vo ca cng OR ti cc chn: 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 , 9 - 10 - 11 12, u ra ti cc chn: 1 ,13. Chn 8 ni ngun +5V, chn 7 ni t, chn 8 v chn 6 khng ni vi bn trong. c. Nguyn tc hot ng: 74HC4072 hot ng nh cng OR cc li ra Y l tng 4 li vo A, B, C, D: Yi = Ai + B i + C i + D i, i = 1, 2. 1- 4. Mch logic t hp 1- 4.1. Gii m BCD sang LED 7 on a. Cu trc v phn loi LED 7 on: - LED 7 on c cu to bi 7 on LED c chung anode (AC) hay cathode (KC). c sp xp thnh hnh s 8 vung nh hnh 1.16,a:

Hnh 1.15: S chn IC 74HC4072

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1.16,b

1.16,a

1.16,c

Hnh 1.16: cu to v chn ra ca 1 LED 7 on - Ngoi ra cn c mt LED cn c t lm du phy thp phn cho s hin th, n c iu khin ring bit khng qua mch gii m. Cc chn ra ca LED c sp xp thnh hai hng chn gia mi hng chn l A chung hay K chung, xem hnh 1.16,b v 1.16,c.

Hnh 1.17: LED 7 on loi anode chung v cathode chung cng vi mch gii m. - hin th 1 s no th cc n LED tng ng phi sang ln, do , cc thanh LED u phi c phn cc bi cc in tr khong 180 n 390 vi ngun cp chun thng l 5V. IC gii m BCD sang LED 7 on s c nhim v ni cc chn a, b,, g ca LED xung mass hay ln ngun (tu A chung hay K chung), xem hnh 1.17. - iu khin hin th LED 7 on: + i vi LED 7 on anode chung iu khin 1 thanh no sng th: phi cp ngun +5V (mc 1) Vcc, li ra tng ng ca b gii m BCD phi mc thp: Tn hiu iu khin
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a 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0

b 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0

c 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

d 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1

e 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1

f 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0

g 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Bng 1.6: Bng trng thi ca LED 7 on anode chung. + i vi LED 7 on kathode chung iu khin 1 thanh no sng th: phi ni mass (mc 0), cathode chung v cp ngun +5V (mc 1) li ra tng ng ca b gii m BCD: Tn hiu iu khin Hin th a b c d e f g 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 3 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 4 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 5 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 6 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 9 Bng 1.7: Bng trng thi ca LED 7 on kathode chung. b. Thit k b gii m BCD8421 sang LED 7 on: - Phn tch yu cu: Xem s khi hnh 1.18. D u vo C B A a b c d e f g

B gii m BCD sang LED 7 on

u ra

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Hnh 1.18: B gii m BCD 8421 sang LED 7 on. Cc u vo D, C, B, A l m BCD8421 trong 6 trng thi 1010 1111 khng c s dng, nh du cho x l ti thiu ho. Tn hiu u ra a, b, , g l kch sng LED tng ng ca LED 7 on. y ta thit k tn hiu u ra ca b gii m mc tch cc thp. - K bng chn l:

D L L L L L L L L H H

C L L L L H H H H L L

B L L H H L L H H L L

A L H L H L H L H L H

A L H L L H L L L L L

b L L L L L H H L L L

c L L H L L L L L L L

d L H L L H L L H L L

e L H L H H H L H L H

f L H H H L L L H L L

g H H L L L L L H L L

S c hin th 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Bng 1.8: Bng chc nng ca b gii m BCD8421 D 0 0 0 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 1 1 B 0 0 1 1 0 0 A 0 1 0 1 0 1 a 0 1 0 0 1 0 b 0 0 0 0 0 1 c 0 0 1 0 0 0 d 0 1 0 0 1 0 e 0 1 0 1 1 1 f 0 1 1 1 0 0 g 1 1 0 0 0 0

15

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0 0 1 1

1 1 0 0

1 1 0 0

0 1 0 1

0 0 0 0

1 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

0 1 0 0

0 1 0 1

0 1 0 0

0 1 0 0

Bng 1.9: Bng chn l ca b gii m BCD8421 Bng chc nng 1.8 c lit k t kt qu phn tch yu cu thit k. Cc t m u vo ca m BCD8421 quyt nh s c hin th. Nhng do u ra ca b gii m mc thp n LED mi sng nn ta xc nh sao cho: Mc thp L: LED sng; Mc cao H: LED tt; Cc LED sng hnh thnh s c hin th. Bng 1.9 l bng chn l tng ng t bng 1.8 - Ti thiu ho: Dng phng php hnh v. Chng ta chn dng cng NORAND trong s . Do , u tin ta ti thiu ho hm o bng dng ORAND i vi gi tr 0 ca hm u ra, sau ly o th c dng NORAND i vi cc gi tr 1 ca mt hm u ra. Bng Karnaugh ca cc hm ra nh sau: Bng 1.10.

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Bng 1.10: Bng Karnaugh ca cc u ra b gii m BCD8421 Ti thiu ho bng Karnaugh ta c cc hm ra nh sau: a = D + B + CA + CA (dng ORAND) Ly o: a = D + B + CA + CA (dng NORAND) b = C + BA + BA , b = C + BA + BA c = C + B + A, c = C + B + A d = D + CB + BA + CA + CBA, d = D + CB + BA + CA + CBA e = CA + BA, e = CA + BA f = D + CB + CA + BA, f = D + CB + CA + BA g = D + CB + CB + BA, g = D + CB + CB + BA - S logic: (hnh 1.19).

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Hnh 1.19: b gii m BCD8421 sang LED 7 on: 1- 4.2. Thit k b dn knh MUX: 2 1: a. Phn tch yu cu: S khi: (hnh 1.22) G D0 D1 MUX: 2 1 Y

A Hnh 1.20: S khi ca MUX: 21 MUX: 21: c 2 u vo d liu D0 v D1 , 1 u vo iu khin A, Y l u ra, G l u vo chn chip (Cho php b dn knh lm vic). Tu thuc vo tn hiu iu khin tn hiu u ra s c ni vi mt trong hai li vo. b. K bng chn l:
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Khi G = 1 th Y = 0, tc l b dn knh b cm, n khng lm vic. Khi G = 0 th Y = 1 mt trong 2 tn hiu u vo c chn. Knh no c chn ph thuc vo tn hiu iu khin. nu A = 0 th Y = D0, nu A = 1 th Y = D 1. Bng 1.11 v 1.12 l bng chc nng ca b dn knh. A D0 D1 G Y X X X H L L L X L L L H X L H H X L L L H X H L H Bng 1.11: Bng chc nng ca b dn knh. A X L H G H L L Y L D0 D1

Bng 1.12: Bng chc nng rt gn c. Ti thiu ho: T bng chc nng ta c phng trnh u ra Y nh sau: Y = GAD 0 + GAD1. d. S logic: (hnh 1.21)

Hnh 1.21: S logic MUX: 21 1- 4.3. Mt s IC logic t hp

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a. IC 74LS47: - S chn: (hnh 1.22)

Hnh 1.22: S chn ra 74LS47 A, B, C, D: cc u vo BCD4821. RBI: u vo xo gn sng. LT: u vo th n LED. BI/RBO: u vo xo hay u ra xo gn. a g: cc u ra mc tch cc thp. - Cu trc bn trong:

Hnh 1.23: Cu trc bn trong 74LS47 v dng s hin th

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74LS47 b gii m BCB8241 sang LED 7 on, u ra mc tch cc thp. Cu trc bn trong xem hnh 1.23. - Hot ng: Hot ng ca 74LS47 c m t trong bng 1.13. 74LS47 hot ng ging nh b gii m BCD8421 sang LED 7 on ch c mt s chc nng khc: + Cc u ra ca b gii m tc ng mc thp (0) th LED tng ng sang. + Ngoi 10 s t 0 n 9 c gii m, mch cng cn gii m 6 trng thi khc, y khng dng n (ghi ch 2) + hot ng gii m xy ra bnh thng th th chn LT v BI/RBO phi mc cao. + Mun th n LED cc LED u sng ht th t chn LT mc thp (ghi ch 5). + Mun xo ht s (tt ht LED) th t chn BI/RBO mc thp (ghi ch 3).

Bng 1.13: Bng tm tt hot ng IC 74LS47 b. IC 74LS157: - S chn: (hnh 1.24)

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Hnh 1.24: S chn ca ICLS157 74LS157 l 4 MUX: 21 ghp vi nhau, c chung tn hiu iu khin chn knh A/B (chn 1) v chung tn hiu chn chip G (chn 15). 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B, 4A, 4B l cc u vo ca 4 MUX. 1Y, 2Y, 3Y, 4Y l cc u ra ca 4 MUX. - Cu trc bn trong:

Hnh 1.25: S cu trc IC 74LS157 - Hot ng: Hot ng ca 74LS157 c m t trong bng 1.14.
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Bng 1.14: Tm tt hot ng ca 74LS157. Hot ng ca 74LS157 ging nh MUX: 21. Khi tn hiu chn G mc thp th IC mi hot ng. Lc IC hot ng nu tn hiu chn A/B l mc thp th cc li ra Y s chn d liu cc li vo A tng ng, cn tn hiu chn A/B mc cao th cc li ra Y s chn d liu cc li vo B tng ng. 1- 5. Mch dy 1- 5.1. Cc bc thit k mch dy Qu trnh thit k mch dy c m t nh lu hnh 1.26. Xc nh bi ton Xc nh tn hiu vo ra hnh trng thi, bng trng thi, bng tn hiu vo ra

Ti thiu ho trng thi Xc nh h phng trnh

S thc hin Hnh 1.26: Cc bc thit k mch dy. 1- 5.2. Cc trigger (Flip - Flop) a. Trigger JK:
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- S khi: JK - FF l FF c 2 u vo iu khin J,K. S khi ca JK - FF c biu din trn hnh 1.27. J JK- FF K Q Q

Hnh 1.27: S khi JK - FF - Bng chn l: J 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 K 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 Q 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Q' 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0

J 0 0 1 1

K 0 1 0 1

Q' Q 0 1

1.15,a

1.15,b

Bng 1.15: Bng chn l JK - FF. Bng chn l ca JK - FF cho bng 1.15, bng 1.15,a l bng chn l y , bng 1.15,b l bng chc nng rt gn, vi Q l trng thi hin ti Q' l trng thi tip theo. T bng chc nng rt gn ta nhn thy rng khi: JK = 0 0, FF lun gi nguyn trng thi c (Q' = Q). JK = 0 1, FF lun lun chuyn n trng thi 0 (Q' = 0). JK = 1 0, FF lun lun chuyn n trng thi 1 (Q' = 1). JK = 1 1, FF lun lun lt trng thi (Q' = ). - hnh trng thi: (hnh 1.27)

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Hnh 1.27: hnh trng thi ca JK - FF - Bng Karnaugh: (bng 1.16) Q' KQ J 0 1 1 00 01 11 10 1 1 1

Bng 1.16: Bng Karnaugh ca trigger JK FF. - Phng trnh c trng: Phng trnh JK - FF c dng: Q' = J + Q. Vit li phng trnh ny di dng ch dng cc hm NAND: Q' = = ; = + KQ = . - S logic JK - FF: (hnh 1.28)

1.28,a

1.28,b Hnh 1.28: S cng NAND ca JK - FF.

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T phng trnh trn ta xy ng c s nh hnh 1.28, trong 1.28,a l JK FF lm vit ch khng ng b, 1.28,b l JK-FF lm vic ng b Ck mc cao H 2 tn hiu thit lp (Pr) v xo (Cl) cho FF. b. Trigger T: - S khi: T - FF l FF c 1 u vo iu khin T. S khi ca T - FF c biu din trn hnh 1.29. Q T T - FF Q Hnh 1.29: S khi T - FF - Bng chn l: T 0 0 1 1 Q 0 1 0 1 Q' 0 1 1 0 K 0 1 Q' Q

1.17,a

1.17,b

Bng 1.17: Bng chn l JK - FF. Bng chn l ca T - FF cho bng 1.17, bng 1.17,a l bng chn l y , bng 1.17,b l bng chc nng rt gn, vi Q l trng thi hin ti Q' l trng thi tip theo. T bng chc nng rt gn ta nhn thy rng khi: T = 0, FF lun gi nguyn trng thi c (Q' = Q). T = 1, FF lun lun lt trng thi (Toggle) (Q' = ). Chnh v th m FF ny c tn l T -FF. - hnh trng thi: (hnh 1.30)

Hnh 1.30: hnh trng thi ca T - FF

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- Bng Karnaugh: (bng 1.18) Q' Q T 0 1 1 0 1 1

Bng 1.18: Bng Karnaugh ca trigger T FF. - Phng trnh c trng: Phng trnh T - FF c dng: Q' = TQ + T = T Q. - S logic JK - FF: (hnh 1.31)

Hnh 1.31: S cng NAND ca T - FF. T phng trnh trn ta xy ng c s nh hnh 1.31. 1- 5.3. IC 74LS76 a. S chn: (hnh 1.32)

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Hnh 1.32: S chn ca ICLS76 74LS76 gm 2 JK - FF tch hp trn mt bn dn, c u t d liu (PRE) v u xo d liu (CLR), cc u vo, u ra ca cc FF k hiu nh trn hnh v. b. Cu trc bn trong: (hnh 1.33).

Hnh 1.33: S cu trc IC 74LS76 c. Hot ng: Hot ng ca 74LS76 c m t trong bng 1.19.

Bng 1.19: Tm tt hot ng ca 74LS76. Hot ng ca 74LS76 ging nh JK - FF. Cc u vo t d liu (SD), u vo xo d liu (CD), v u vo xung (CLK) u hot ng mc tch cc thp. Hot ng ca IC c nu bng trn. 1- 6. B m 1- 6.1. Thit k b m nh phn ng b MOD 2 (K = 2): a. Phn tch yu cu thit k, xy dng hnh trng thi ban u: K = 2, ta lp c hnh trng thi nh hnh 1.34.

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S0

0 Ck Ck

S1

Hnh 1.34: hnh trng thi ca b m MOD 2. b. Xc nh s lng v chng loi FF, chn la m ho trng thi: Do K = 2 nn ch cn 1 FF m ho cho 2 trng thi trong ca b m: S0 = 0, S1 = 1. Chn FF l JK . c. Bng trng thi: (bng 1.20) Q 0 1
n

Q 1 0

n+1

K x 1

J 1 x

Bng 1.20: Bng trng thi v u vo kch ca JK - FF. d. Phng trnh kch: T bng trng thi ta xc nh c: K = J = 1. e. S thc hin: (hnh 1.35) J Q Xa Ck K Q

1 Hnh 1.35: S mch ca b m MOD 2 dng JK - FF. 1- 6.2. Thit k b m nh phn ng b MOD 3 (K = 3): a. Phn tch yu cu thit k, xy dng hnh trng thi ban u: M hnh ca b m thun nh phn ng b MOD 3 nh sau: CP Xung m B m thun B Tn hiu chuyn v

Hinh 1.36: M hnh b m thun nh phn ng b MOD 3. B m c K = 3 tng ng cc trng thi l S0, S1, S2. Cn c quy lut n thun, ta v c hnh trng thi ban u nh hnh 1.37.
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S0

/0

S1

/0

S2

/1 Hnh 1.37: hnh trng thi ca b m MOD 3. b. Xc nh s lng v chng loi FF, chn la m ho trng thi: n V 2 3 nn chn n = 2, chn FF JK. Ta m ho trng thi cc trng thi: S0 = 00, S1 = 01, S2 = 10. hnh trng thi ca b m MOD 3 khi m ho. /0 /0 00 01 10 /1 Hnh 1.38: hnh trng thi ca b m MOD 3 m ho. c. Bng trng thi: (bng 1.21) Q 2n 0 0 1 Q n1 Q n2+1 0 1 0 0 1 0 Q 1n+1 1 0 0 B 0 0 1 K 2J 2 X0 X1 1X K 1J 1 X1 1X X0

Bng 1.21: Bng trng thi u vo kch JK - FF v u ra ca b m MOD 3. d. Phng trnh kch v phng trnh u ra: Da vo quan h logic bit trong bng trng thi (bng 1.21) ta v bng Karnaugh. T tm phng trnh kch v phng trnh ra. J2 Q Q
n 1 n 2

J1 0 1 1 x x Q 1n Qn 2 0 1 0 1 1 x x

B Q 1n Qn 2 0 1 1 x 0 1

0 1

Bng 1.22: bng Karnaugh u vo kch v u ra ca b m MOD 3. Ti thiu ho ta bng Karnaugh ta c cc phng trnh kch v ra nh sau:
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n n K2 = K1 = 1, J2 = Q1 n , J 1 = Q ,B=Q . 2 2 e. S thc hin: (hnh 1.39)

J2 X2 Ck K2 1

Q2

B X1

J1 Ck K1

Q1

Q2

Q1

Hnh 1.39: S mch ca b m MOD 3 dng JK - FF. 1- 6.3. Thit k b m thun ng b MOD 5 (K = 5): a. Phn tch yu cu thit k, xy dng hnh trng thi ban u: M hnh yu cu ca b m thun ng b MOD 5 nh sau: CP Xung m B m thun B Tn hiu chuyn v

Hnh 1.40: M hnh yu cu ca b MOD 5. S4 . B m c K = 5 tng ng cc trng thi b m l S0, S1, ,

Cn c quy lut m thun, ta v c hnh trng thi ban u nh hnh 1.41. S0 /0 S1 /0 S2 /0 S3 /0 S4

/1 Hnh 1.41: hnh trng thi ban u ca b m MOD 5. b. Xc nh s lng v chng loi FF, chn la m ho trng thi: n V 2 5 vy chn n = 3, chn FF JK. M ho cho cc trng thi: S0 = 000, S1 = 001, S2 = 010, S3 = 011, S4 = 100, hnh trng thi b thun ng b MOD 5 khi m ho:

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000

/0

001

/0

010

/0

011

/0

100

/1 Hnh 1.42: hnh trng thi ca b m MOD 5. c. Bng trng thi: (bng 1.23) Q 3n Q n2 Q n1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 Q n3+1 0 0 0 1 0
n +1 Q2 Q 1n+1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0

B 0 0 0 0 1

J 3K 3 0X 0X 0X 1X X1

J 2K 2 0X 1X X0 X1 0X

J 1K 1 1X X1 1X X1 0X

Bng 1.23: Bng trng thi ca b m MOD 5. d. Phng trnh kch v phng trnh u ra: Da vo quan h logic bit trong bng trng thi (bng 1.23) ta v bng Karnaugh, t tm phng trnh kch v phng trnh u ra. J3 QQ Q3 0 1 K2 QQ Q3 0 1
n n 2 n 1 n n 2 n 1

J2
n Qn 2 Q1

00 01 11 10 1 x J1

Q3 0 1
n Qn 2Q 1 n

00 01 11 10 1 x x

00 01 11 10 x x x 1 x x x

Q3 0 1

00 01 11 10 1 x x x x 1 x

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B
n n Q2 Q1

Qn 3 0 1

00 01 11 10

Bng 1.24: bng Karnaugh ca u vo kch v u ra ca b m nghch thp phn. Ti thiu ho ta bng Karnaugh ta c cc phng trnh kch v phng tr_nh ra nh sau: _ _ _ _ n n n n n n n J , J2 = Q Q , J1 = Q , B = Q n Q n Q n 3 = Q Q Q , K2 = Q
3 2 1

T bng 29 ta rt ra K3 = K1 = 1. e. S thc hin: (hnh 1.43)

Hnh 1.43: S logic ca b m MOD 5. 1- 6.4. Thit k b m nghch thp phn ng b (K = 10): a. Phn tch yu cu thit k, xy dng hnh trng thi ban u: M hnh yu cu ca b m nghch thp phn nh sau: (hnh 1.44) CP Xung m B m nghch B Tn hiu chuyn v

Hnh 1.44: M hnh yu cu ca b m nghch thp phn. S9 . B m c K = 10 tng ng cc trng thi b m l S0, S1, ,

Cn c quy lut m nghch, ta v c hnh trng thi ban u nh hnh 1.44.

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S0 /1 S9

/0

S1

/0

S2

/0

S3

/0

S4 /0

S8 S7 S6 S5 /0 /0 /0 /0 Hnh 1.44: hnh trng thi ban u ca b m nghch thp phn. b. Xc nh s lng v chng loi FF, chn la m ho trng thi: n V 2 10 vy chn n = 4, chn FF JK. Dng m 8421 m ho cho cc trng thi: S0 = 0000, S1 = 0001, S2 = 0010, S3 = 0011, S4 = 0100, S5 = 0101, S6 = 0110, S7 = 0111, S8 = 1000, S9 = 1001. hnh trng thi b m nghch thp phn khi m ho: 0000 /1 1001 /0 1000 /0 0111 /0 0110 /0 /0 0001 /0 0010 /0 0011 /0 0100 /0 0101

Hnh 1.45: hnh trng thi ca b m nghch thp phn. c. Bng trng thi: (bng 1.25)
n Q 4n Q n3 Q n2 Q 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1

Q n4+1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

n +1 n +1 Q3 Q2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0

Q 1n+1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0

B 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

JK4 4 1X 0X 0X 0X 0X 0X 0X 0X 1X X0

J K3 3 0X 0X 0X X0 X1 X0 X0 X0 1X 0X

J K2 2 0X 0X X1 X0 1X 0X X1 X0 1X 0X

J K1 1 1X X1 1X X1 1X X1 1X X1 1X X1

Bng 1.25: Bng trng thi ca b m nghch thp phn.

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d. Phng trnh kch v phng trnh u ra: Da vo quan h logic bit trong bng trng thi (bng 1.25) ta v bng Karnaugh. T tm phng trnh kch v phng trnh ra. J4 QQ
n Qn 4 Q3 n 2 n 1

K4

n Qn 2 Q1 n Qn 4Q3

00 01 11 10 1

00 01 11 10 x x x 1 x x x x x x x x x x x

00 01 11 10 J3
n 2 n 1

00 01

x x

x x

x x

x x K3

11 10
n Qn 2Q 1

QQ
n Qn 4 Q3

00 01 11 10

n Qn 4Q3

00 01 11 10 x 1 x x x x x x x x x x x

00 01 11 10 J2 QQ
n Qn 4 Q3 n 2 n 1

00 x x 1 x x x x x x x x K2
n Qn 2Q1 n Qn 4Q3

01 11 10

00 01 11 10 x 1 x 1 x x x x x x x x

00 01 11 10 x x x x x x x x x x 1 1 x x

00 01 11 10

00 01 11 10

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B
n n Q2 Q1 n Qn 4 Q3

00 01 11 10 1 1 x x 1 x x x x

00 01 11 10

Bng 1.26: bng Karnaugh ca u vo kch v u ra ca b m nghch thp phn. Ti thiu ho ta bng Karnaugh ta c cc phng trnh kch v ra nh sau: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ n n n n n n n n J4 = Q 3 Q , _ K4 = Q 1 , _J3 = Q 4 Q1 _, _ _ K3 , 1 1 _ 2 Q _= Q 2 Q n n n n n n n n J = Q Q + Q Q , K2 = Q , B = Q Q Q Q n 2 T bng 1.26 ta rt ra J1 = K1 = 1. e. S thc hin: (hnh 1.46)
3 1 4 1 1 4 3 2 1

Hnh 1.46: S logic ca b m nghch thp phn. 1- 6.5. IC 74LS192: b m thp phn thun nghch a. S chn: (hnh 1.47)

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Hnh 1.47: S chn ra 74LS192. P0, P1, P2, P3: cc u vo t trc d liu. Q0, Q1, Q 2, Q3: cc u ra nh phn ca b m BCD. PL: u vo cho php t d liu hot ng mc tch cc thp. MR: u vo xo d liu u ra v 0000 , hot ng mc tch cc cao. CPU,CPD: u vo cho php m thun, m nghch. TCU, TCD: tn hiu ra ca b m khi m thun, m nghch. b. Cu trc bn trong:

Hnh 1.48: Cu trc bn trong 74LS192. c. Hot ng: L b m BCD thun nghch lp trnh c. 74LS192 l b m MOD 10 nhng ta c th u ni cc cch khc nhau m c cc
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MOD khc: MOD 2, MOD 3, MOD 5, Hot ng ca 74LS192 c m t trong bng 1.27. MR 1 0 0 0 CPU CPD 1 1 PL 0 1 1 P0 P1 P2 P3 Q 0 Q 1 Q2 Q3 TCU TCD 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 * 1 1 * 0 P0 P1 P2 P3 m li m tin

Bng 1.27: Bng tm tt hot ng IC 74LS192. Trong : * c th l mc cao hoc mc thp (nhng xc nh c). - Khi chn ML mc cao cc li ra nh phn s reset v mc thp - Khi chn ML mc thp b m c th thc hin cc chc nng sau: + Nu chn PL mc thp th b m t d liu cho cc li ra Q 0 , Q1, Q2, Q3 bng chnh d liu ca cc li vo P0, P1, P2, P3. + Nu chn CPU c xung vung tc ng vo, ng thi cc chn CPD v PL mc cao th b m thc hin m tin. Khi m n 9 n li quay v trng thi 0 ban u, lc ny chn TCU t mc thp chuyn sang mc cao v lp li mt chu k mi. + Nu chn CPD c xung vung tc ng vo, ng thi cc chn CPU v PL mc cao th b m thc hin m li. Khi m n 0 n li quay v trng thi 9, lc ny chn TCU t mc thp chuyn sang mc cao v lp li mt chu k mi. 1- 7. B to xung clock IC NE555 B to xung clock to li ra cc xung c tn s 1Hz (c mt giy to ra mt xung). 1- 7.1. S chn: (hnh 1.49)

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Hnh 1.49: S chn ca IC NE555. Trong : 1: Ni t, 2: in p ngng trigger nh trng thi. 3: u ra xung clock, 4: Thit lp li trng thi cho trigger, 5: in p iu khin, 6: in p ngng iu khin reset trigger, 7: in p u vo phn cc cho transistor, 8: cp ngun. 1- 7.2. Cu trc bn trong v nguyn tc hot ng:

Hnh 1.50: cu trc bn trong ca NE555. Cu to ca NE555 gm OP-AMP so snh in p, mch lt v transistor x in. Cu to ca IC n gin nhng hot ng tt. Bn trong gm 3 in tr mc ni tip chia in p VCC thnh 3 phn (hnh 1.50). Cu to ny to nn in p chun. in p 1/3 VCC ni vo chn dng ca OP-AMP 1 v in p 2/3 VCC ni vo chn m ca OP-AMP 2. Khi in p chn 2 nh hn 1/3 VCC, chn S = 1 v FF c kch. Khi in p chn 6 ln hn 2/3 VCC, chn R ca FF = 1 v FF c reset. Gii thch s dao ng: Ni mch ngoi nh hnh 1.51

Hnh 1.51: NE555 c ni vi mch ngoi. Giai on ng ra mc 1:

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Khi bm cng tc khi ng, chn 2 mc 0. V in p chn 2 (V-) nh hn V1 (V+), ng ra ca OP-AMP 1 mc 1 nn S = 1, Q = 1 v

_ _

Q = 0. Ng ra ca IC mc 1. Khi Q = 0, transistor tt, t C tip tc np qua R, in p trn t tng. Khi nhn cng tc ln na OPAMP1 c
_

V- = 1 ln hn V+ nn ng ra ca Op-amp 1 mc 0, S = 0, Q v Q vn khng i. Trong khi in p t C nh hn V2, FF vn gi nguyn trng thi . Giai on ng ra mc 0: Khi t C np in, OP-AMP 2 c V+ ln hn V- = 2/3 VCC, R = 1
_ _

nn Q = 0 v Q = [1]. Ng ra ca IC mc 0. V Q = 1, transistor m dn, OP-AMP 2 c V+ = 0 b hn V-, ng ra ca OP-AMP 2 mc 0.

_

V vy Q v Q khng i gi tr, t C x in thng qua transistor. Kt qu cui cng: Ng ra OUT c tn hiu dao ng dng sng vung, c chu k n nh. 1- 7.3. Thit k dao ng xung vung c tn s v rng bt k: Ni dung : IC to dao ng h XX555, thit k mch dao ng to ra xung vung c tn s v rng bt k.

Hnh 1.52: Mch dao ng to xung bng IC 555 Lp mch dao ng theo s nguyn l nh hnh 77. Ngun Vcc c th s dng t 4,5V n 15V, t 103 (10nF) t chn 5 xung mass l c nh,c th b qua ( khng lp cng c ), t ny c tc dng chng nhiu. Khi thay i cc in tr R1, R2 v gi tr t C1 bn s thu c dao ng c tn s v rng xung theo mun (hnh 1.62) v c tnh theo cng thc sau: T = 0.693(R1 + 2R2)C 1 v f = 1.443 / ( (R1 + 2R2)C 1).

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Trong : T = Tm + Ts Tm = 0,693( R1 + R 2),Tm : thi gian in mc cao. Ts = 0,693R2C1,Ts: thi gian in mc thp. T cc cng thc trn ta c th to ra mt dao ng xung vung c rng Tm v Ts bt k. Sau khi to ra xung c Tm v Ts ta c T = Tm + Ts v f = 1/ T. to ra xung vung c rng xung bng mt na chu k T v c tn s f = 1Khz ta chn cc linh kin R1, R2, C 1 nh sau: Chn C1 = 47F, t cng thc ca Ts ta tnh c R2 = 15 K (vi Ts = 1/2), do R1 = 300. PHN 2: QU TRNH THIT K V NGUYN L HOT NG 2- 1. Tng quan ti 2- 1.1. Chn ti Trong thc t cuc sng c nhiu thit b in mun hot ng hoc ngng hot ng, khng c cch no khc l phi nhn cng tc in cung cp ngun in hoc ngt ngun in cho thit b. iu ny nhiu lc rt th ng v bt tin cho ngi s dng, t nhng nhc im em c tng thit k mt thit b c kh nng ng, ngt ngun in mt cch ch ng hn. Thit b ny chnh l mt h thng c kh nng hn gi, nh thi gian ng ngt ngun in cho thit b mt cch t ng tu theo mun ca ngi s dng. y chnh l ni dung ca n mch logic: Thit k h thng hn gi cho thit b in em s trnh by di y. 2- 1.2. Yu cu ti Yu cu t ra l thit k mt h thng hn gi cho thit b in ng ngt ngun in cung cp cho cc thit b v phi c nhng chc nng sau: - Hn thi gian ng, ngt ngun in 220V cho cc thit b in mt cch tun hon. V d: Hn 2 gi 15 pht 30 giy sau ngun in c ngt th sau ng khi 2 gi 15 pht 30 giy tip theo ngun in s c ng tr li, v qu trnh ny c lp i lp li mt cch t ng. - C th hn thi gian ngt ngun in cho cc thit b theo mun, ti a l 24 gi v sau s ngt mi mi. - Hin th cc trng thi ang hot ng ca h thng
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Hnh 1.53: Dng xung ca IC to ra.

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2- 1.3. Phng n thit k Vi nhng kin thc k thut s c hc, trong phm vi ti ny chng ta s thit k mt H thng hn gi cho thit b in c y chc nng ni trn bng cch s dng cc phn t logic, cc phn t nh...v cc kin thc k thut s c lin quan. 2- 2. Chc nng ca h thng hn gi cho thit b in Chc nng ca h thng hn gi c m t chi tit trn hnh 2.1. T ng ng m K S thi gian D1 D2 K

iu khin B
S1 S0

220V

Hnh 2.1: M t chc nng ca h thng hn gi cho thit b in. Trong : D1 l LED th hin trng thi ch iu chnh hn thi gian. D2 l LED th hin trng thi hot ng ca h thng hn gi. H thng hn gi cho thit b in c nhng chc nng sau: - Khi cp ngun cho khi iu khin, trng thi ban u l n LED D 1 nhy sng lin tc, LED D2 tt, y l trng thi ch iu chnh thi gian ng m ca kho K. Gi s ta iu chnh thi gian hn l X, cng tc S v tr S0, tip tc nhn nt B, lc ny LED D1 tt v LED D2 sng, t lc nhn nt B thi gian hn gi cho kho K bt u c tnh t X ngc v 0 giy. Trng thi ny kho K ng cung cp in p 220V cho thit b in hot ng. Sau khi thi gian v 0 kho K m, ti b ngt ngun in v thi gian bt u li c tnh ngc t X v 0 mt ln na, n Khi thi gian hn m v 0 th kt thc mt chu k ng m ca kho K. Nh vy kho K s ng m theo mt chu k tun hon. - Nu gt cng tc S sang v tr S1 th kho K ch thc hin mt na chu k trn, tc l cc thit b in c cung cp in p 220V trong khong thi gian X v sau s khng c cung cp na (khng lp li). 2- 3. S khi h thng hn gi cho thit b in S khi tng qut ca h thng hn gi cho thit b in nh hnh 2.2

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CHN CHC NNG H THNG

TO TN HIU IU KHIN THIT B V HIN TH

tx T TO XUNG VUNG I XNG

Tm Tk 2T

NG NGT IN P XOAY CHIU 220V

Hnh 2.2: S khi tng qut ca h thng hn gi cho thit b in. - Khi chn chc nng th thng c tc dng thit lp trng thi ban u ca mch, lc chn cc chc nng ca h thng. - Khi to tn hiu iu khin thit b v hin th trng thi c chc nng th nht l to ra tn hiu xung iu khin v hin th trng thi: , trong tx T tm thi gian ng hoc m ngun cp in p 220V. Chc nng th hai l thay i T mt cch t ( 24 gi) ng bng thi gian hn. Chc nng th 3 l hin th trng thi thi gian hn. - Khi to xung vung i xng c chc nng bin i dng tn hiu xung: u vo thnh dng tn hiu xung vung i xng

u ra trc tip iu khin ng ngt in p 220V. Khi tn hiu ra mc cao tng ng vi thit b in c cp ngun in, cn khi mc thp thit b in khng c cp ngun in. C th to dng xung c tm hoc tk bng 0. - Khi ng ngt in p xoay chiu 220V hot ng nh sau: Khi t = tm: th mch cung cp in p 220V cho thit b in hot ng. Khi t = tk: th mch kho tc l khng cung cp in p 220V cho thit b in. 2- 4. Thit k chi tit tng khi 2- 4.1. Khi to tn hiu iu khin thit b v hin th trng thi: a. S khi tng qut: (hnh 2.3)

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XUNG CLOCK tng m giy

T GIY

K T GIY

M GIY

HIN TH GIY

T PHT

K T PHT

M PHT

HIN TH PHT

XUNG K

T GI

K T GI

M GI

HIN TH GI

tng m gi

Hnh 2.3: S khi tng qut ca khi to tn hiu iu khin thit b v hin th trng thi. Trong : Khi xung clock c cu to t IC 555 c trnh trong c s l thuyt. T s khi ta thy khi to xung ch nht v hin th c ghp ni t 3 tng tng t nhau. V th cho n gin ta ch xt cu to ca 1 tng bt k v sau tng t cho 2 tng cn li. b. S thc hin ca tng m giy:

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Hnh 2.4: S thc hin ca tng m giy. Khi m giy s dng 2 IC 74LS192 thc hin chc nng m li t 59 giy (hoc mt gi tr t trc t khi t giy) v 00 giy. Khi hin th giy gm 2 IC gii m 74LS47 lm nhim v gii m t 2 b m 74LS192 u ra a ti u vo 2 LED 7 on thng qua cc in tr hn dng. Khi t giy cng l 2 IC 74LS192, n thc hin chc nng m tin MOD 6 v MOD 10, t s giy ban u cho khi m giy . Khi iu khin t giy gm 2 IC 74LS157 lm nhim v hp knh ni d liu t khi t giy vi khi m giy, 74LS157 chnh 4 MUX: 21 ghp li vi nhau cng chung tn hiu iu khin. c. Gii thch s thc hin ca tng m giy: Gi s ta hn thi gian cho h thng l 20 gi 19 pht 37 giy lc ny cc qu trinh s din ra nh sau: - n nh c thi gian trn u tin ta phi nhp thi gian hn t khi t gi, t pht, t giy. khi t giy t c 37 giy ta nhn vo button hng n v 7 ln, nhn vo button hng chc 3 ln, trng thi ny c th hin trn 2 LED 7 on khi hin th. bo m s giy t khng c qu 59 th IC 74LS192 hng n v giy thc hin m MOD 10, IC 74LS192 hng chc giy thc hin m MOD 6. Mun IC 74LS192 m MOD 6 th ta dng 1 cng AND 2 u vo ni ti chn Q1, Q2 u ra ni vi chn MR xo d liu khi 74LS192 m n 6 (0110). - Sau khi t thi gian hn, khi m giy bt u m ngc t 37 giy v 00 giy, lc ny 2 IC 74LS192 ca khi m giy c lnh khi to li gi tr ban u l 59 giy ch khng phi l 37 giy na. Do ta phi s dng thm 1 khi trung gian iu khin a d liu cho hp l, khi chnh l khi iu khin t giy. Khi iu khin t giy gm 2 IC 74LS157 (74LS157 chnh l 4 MUX: 21 ghp vi nhau cng chung tn hiu iu khin) s a d liu thch hp ti u vo d liu ca 2 IC 74LS192 khi m giy nh tn hiu iu khin chn 1 ca IC. Khi trng thi ca cc b m khi m giy, m pht, m gi u v 00 th chn 1 ca 74LS157 mc thp chn d liu ra l 59 giy, 59 pht, X9 gi (X c th l 0 hoc 1) cc chn 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, d liu cc chn ny c ni c nh. Ngc li vi trn tn hiu chn 1 ca 74LS157 s mc cao v cc u ra ca n s c ni vi cc u ra ca 74LS192 ca khi t d liu. T nguyn l ta s ni cc linh kin to tn hiu iu khin hp l xem hnh 2.4. 2- 4.2. Khi to xung vung a. S thc hin: (hnh 2.4)

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Hnh 2.4: S thc hin ca khi to xung vung. to ra dng xung vung li ra ta s dng IC 74LS76, y chnh l trigger JK c u vo xung clock mc tch cc thp. Ta bit khi JK = 1 v c xung clock mc 0 th Q s i ln trng thi. b. Gin thi gian: (hnh 2.5) Tn hiu chn J

Tn hiu chn clock

Tn hiu ra chn Q Hnh 2.5: Gin thi gian ca khi to xung vung. 2- 4.3. Khi ng ngt in p xoay chiu 220V a. S thc hin: (hnh 2.6)

Hnh 2.6: S thc hin ca khi ng ngt in p xoay chiu 220V.

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Khi ng ngt in p xoay chiu 220V, c chc nng bin i tn hiu iu khin mt chiu u vo, thnh tn hiu iu khin xoay chiu u ra. thc hin chc nng chng s dng mt r le RL ngun nui +5V iu khin kho K ng m theo tn hiu u vo. R le c ni ti u vo thng qua mt transistor NPN m bo in p r le hot ng (Khng cn chnh xc). b. Gii thch s thc hin v nguyn l hot ng: u ra ca khi to xung vung to ra dng tn hiu xung vung c bin ti a khong 2V a ti u vo ca khi ng ngt in p xoay 220V. Vi in p ny khng cung cp cho r le hot ng. V th cho in p ny qua cc B ca transistor NPN nh hnh 2.6. Gi tr in tr R khong t 50 n 500 hn ch bt in p vo baz ca transistor. Khi u vo mc 1 n c in p khong 2V, in p ny lm cho transistor Q thng, khi Q thng dng in +5V chy qua r le n Q v ni t, do r le hot ng to lc t ht kho K ni mch, lc ny ti c cp ngun hot ng. Bng chc nng ca khi 2.1. u vo 1 0 Q Thng Tt K ng M Ti c cp ngun in 220V Khng c cp ngun

Bng 2.1: Bng chc nng ca khi ng ngt in p 220V. Nh vy ti s c cp ngun in 220V theo thi thi gian hn. 2- 4.4. Khi chn chc nng h thng a. S thc hin:

Hnh 2.7: S thc hin ca khi chn chc nng h thng. Khi chn chc nng cu to gm: mt JK-FF (IC 74LS76) thc hin MOD 2 lm tn hiu iu khin cho IC 74LS157 (4 MUX: 21 ghp vi nhau). 74LS157 c tc dng chn knh thch hp v a ti li ra iu khin cc khi khc thc hin chc nng theo mong mun.
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b. Nguyn tc hot ng: - Khi cha nhn button li ra Q ca trigger 0, Q = 0, nn A/B = 0 cc u ra ca 74LS157 s c ni vi cc u A tng ng: + 1Y ni vi t: lc ny cc chn PL ca b m khi m mc 0 cho php nhn button cc b m khi t gi, t pht t giy t thi gian hn gi. ng thi chn 2Y c ni vi xung clock a n cc button ca khi t gi, t pht, t giy. + 3Y ni vi t a ti u vo ca trigger JK nn u ra ca n mc thp v vy thit b in khng c cp ngun. + 4Y ni t a ti cng tc SW c th c chn ni vi cc chn MR ca cc b m iu ny c ngha l b m khng b xo d liu (tc l cho php nhp d liu). - Khi nhn button li ra Q ca trigger mc 1, Q = 1 nn A/B = 1 cc u ra ca 74LS147 s c ni vi cc u B tng ng: + 1Y v 3Y ni vi u ra ca khi to tn hiu iu khin thit b v hin th tc l 1Y, 3Y c xung iu khin, iu ny c ngha l b m bt u tnh thi gian hn gi, cn JK-FF lt trng thi ln mc 1 chn Q v thit b in c cung cp ngun in hot ng. + Y2 khng ni vi xung clock na c ngha l khng c php t thi gian cho b m na. + 4Y ni vi tn hiu iu khin thng qua cng NOT a ti cng tc SW v c th c la chn a ti chn R xo d liu trn JKFF, t l lc ny ngun in s khng c cp tun hon. - Mi ln nhn button chn chc nng th tn hiu xung c a ti chn R ca JK-FF xo d liu v bt u t thi gian ln mi. 2- 5. S nguyn l h thng hn gi cho thit b in: Lp ghp cc khi li vi nhau ta c s nguyn l ca ton h thng nh sau: hnh 2.8.

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Hnh 2.8: S nguyn l ca h thng hn gi cho thit b in

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