CPIICKA PELlAKU11JA CTAPOCJIOBEHCKOr JE311KA

11 YIIOTPEEA CAMO TAHKOrA JEPA Y II11CAlhY*

AflEKCAHflAP MflAflEHOBHfi
YllK R08.61-023-101
Y CKJIallY C pe3VJITaTHMa HajHoBHjHX acrpaxomaa,a csrarpa ce zra cv
Cp6H najxacanje no llpyre neneanje XI nexa MOrJIH na CTapOCJIOBeHCKoM
je3HKV csora npesreaa rrpHMHTH CJIOBeHCKO 60rOCJIV:>Kelhe (V llYXV BH3aHTHj-
cxor npaaocnaan,a) a CBaKaKO npexo TeKCTOBa nacaanx nHpHJIH"tJKHM rrHCMOM
(vn. MJIalleHOBHn 1995 21-27; MJIalleHOBHn 1995a 7-18). C THM rrpHMalheM
no-rena je aa nacraje H nacrana je cpncxa penaxuaja CTapOCJIOBeHCKor jeaaxa
HJIH cprrCKOCJIOBeHCKH je3HK, KaKaB je Ha3HB OllaBHO vofiasajen V cpncxoj
epHJIOJIOlliKOj HaVUH. OBa penaxnnja, H3MeHa, saxaarana je V npnox pellY
epoHOJIOlliKH CHCTeM CTapOCJIOBeHCKor, HOBOrrpHMJbeHOr npxaenor H KlhH:>KeB-
nor jesmca xozt Cp6a, C THM lIITO CV V je3HKV 60rocny)l(6eHHX TeKCTOBa
no-rene zta ce VCTaJbVjV onrosapajvhe cpncxe napoznre cpoaexe KOjHX mrje
HMao pannja je3HK OBHX TeKCTOBa. Taxo ce onaj upKBeHH H KlhH)I(eBHH je3HK
V cpncxoj jeaasxoj cpenaan no-reo naronaparn aa cpncxa Ha"tJHH. (11Ha"tJe, raj
je3HK je, xao lIITO ce 3Ha, rrOpeKJIOM CTapOCJIOBeHCKH, nHpHJIO-MeTollHjeBcKH
H3 llPvre rrOJIOBHHe IX nexa, KOjH je V npeaenv no noxerxa XI CTOJIena, no
Kalla CV ra Cpfia MOrJIH rrpHMHTH aa CBOj fiorocnvxcoena, 6HO nocra H3Me-
lheH). A noneavre epoHeMe cpncxor naponaor jesmca, cpopxrapaae V lheMY
najxacnnje no xpaja X HJIH no rro-rerxa XI sexa, jecv cnezrehe: 1) Y < s; 2)
e < ~ , 3) ~ (aarsopeno) < rR (= Ii), 4) p, jJ < p, p', -,1, .;', 5) d (= jenan
nonvrnacnax aajsemhe pella BOKaJIa a a pebe soxana e) < f?, p, 6) p < p, p',
7) c < C, c', 8) 3 < S (= ll3) - yrr. 11BHn 1988 50-53; 11BHn 1991 5-108;
MJIalleHOBHn 1971 419-420, 421-422; MJIalleHOBHn 1977 3-8; MJIa)leHOBHn
1995 24; MJIalleHOBHn 1995a 11-12.
IIocJIe rrepnozta nponapaa,a epoHeMa cpncxor aaponaor jesmca V je3HK
TeKCTOBa fiorocnvxfienax H npvrax npxaenax crmca, aacrvnao je jenaa nv-
rorpajaa rrpouec cTa6HJIH3aUHje onronapajvher cpncxor aaronopa V cprrcxoj
pezraxnaja CTapOCJIOBeHCKor jesaxa. Hcronpexreao je V OBOM rracaaov upxae-
HOM H KlhH)I(eBHOM je3HKV Cp6a Mopano noha H no rpazcea,a H nanaacen.a
onpebemrx pemersa na rpacbajcxoa H rrpaaonacaox rrJIaHV, lIITO je 6HJIa
HOpMaJIHa nocnemnra H3MeHe H3rOBopHe crpaae rora npxsenor jesmca xon
Cp6a. LlpyrHM pe-nnra, rpaacea,e rrOMeHYTHX pemersa no KOjHX ce llOJIa3HHJIH
rrpHJIHKOM crsaparsa HOBHX a36YKa HJIH H3 norpeoe na ce 03Ha"tJH HOBH rnac
(cponeaa) sa KOjH nexa 3HaKa V ztorana nocrojehesr rrHCMY - HMa nerrocpen-
* Pecpepar rrpanpescsea aa XII MeoyHapoJlHM xonrpec CJIaBMCTa (Kpaxos 1998).
98
He seae C onpebeaaa upraua naponnor jesaxa OHMX rrpencrannaxa y l.mjeM
upKBeHOM M KIhM:>KeBHOM jeamcv 're upre nOl.IMIhY na 3ay3MMajy csoje MeCTO.
ITOIIITO ce y3MMa, KaKO CMO rope BMneJIM, na cy Cp6M, y speae npnaaa,a
CJIOBeHCKor 60rOCJIy:>KeIha y CBOjOj cpemraa (aajxacaaje no npvre neuennje
XI nexa), HManM y CBOM napomtosr jeanxv caao jenan no.nvrnacaax MeCTO
nexanaunsa nsa (b, 0) - H TO na MHoro sehoj CBOjOj jean-ncoj reparopnja
nOJIyrJIaCHHK pena noxana a (KOjM ce pa3BHO xacmrje y a), a cavo na nonpv-
-qjy 3eTCKMX rosopa nonvrnacmnc pena noxana e (KOjH ce xacnaje pa3BHO y
e) - nOCTaBJba ce naran.e HaCTaHKa 06eJIe:>KaBaIha rora jenner norrvrnacna-
xa CJIOBOM b Y TeKCTOBMMa cpncxe penaxnnje CTapOCJIOBeHCKor jesnxa. CTapH
cpncxn nncana cnoMeHMUM (a najcrapaja cy casvnaan M3 npyre nOJIOBHHe
XII sexa) noxasvjv na ce y IhHMa TaHKMM jepoa (b) osna-rana raj jenan
nonvrnacmnc, IIITO ce BH)lH y MHpOCJIaBJbeBOM jenaabersv (90-e ronane XII
nexa), y IToBeJbM KyJIMHa Bana (29. VIII 1189) H np. 3a A. EeJIHna je 03Ha-
xaaarse rronvrnacnmca ca b nacrano ca crsaparsex cpncKe penaxnaje crapo-
CJIOBeHCKor jeanxa, IIITOce, no IheMY, OCTBapHJIO xpajess XI sexa aa nonpvsjv
3eTCKMX ronopa (nOJIa3enM on TaMOIIIIher naaaunser pecpnexca if MeCTO CTa-
pMX b, 0) OnaKJIe je, no OBOM avropv, nacaa,e caxo b vcsojeac y UeJIOKynHoj
cpncxoj nHCMeHOCTM (EeJIMn 1936 274). 11. rpMUKaT, xoja apexe HaCTaHKa
cprrcxe penaxiraje CTapOCJIOBeHCKor jesnxa rtperrrocraarsa 3HaTHO npe xpaja
XI sexa, y speue Kana cy nocrojane npeCJIaBCKa MOXpH)lCKa nacapcxa IIIKOJIa
- nOMeHYTY vnorpefiv caao b y cpncxoj nMCMeHOCTM He nOBOnM y Be3Y ca
3eTCKOM rOBopHOM CHTYaUHjoM jep je jennojepoanx nMcaHMX cnOMeHMKa, M
OHMX caxo ca b, 6HJIO M TOKOM X sexa; OBa avropxa Y3MMa cpnCKO-MaKenOH-
CKO rpaaaxao nonpvsje xao MorynM TepeH HaCTaHKa cpncxe penaxnaje CTa-
pOCJIOBeHCKor jesaxa (rpMUKaT 1975 27-39, nocefiao 31, 35, 37; yn. M 11Ba-
HOBa M np. 1955 77-78; Henersxonah 1967 25, 33-34).
o nHTaIhY HaCTaHKa 6yrapcKMx jennojepoanx CTapOCJIOBeHCKMx nHpMJI-
CKHX cnOMeHHKa, napanno H OHMX caxo ca b (srecro b, 0), y BHIIIe CBOjMX
paaosa nacao je, nopen npvrax, M fivrapcror HaY"tfHHK 11. Tanafion. Pa3YMe
ce, naje HH OH, xao HM A. EeJIHn, Morao 3a06MnM najancxarcxv reparopnjv
na KOjOj je MOrJIO nacrarn nacarse b MeCTO crapajnx b H o. ITOJIa3enM on
nMpMJICKMX HaTnMca M3 BpeMeHa 6yrapcKor uapa CMMeoHa
(893-927), HaCTanMX y ITpeCJIaBy (y T3B. OKpyrJIOj napcxoj UpKBH) a KOjM y
cefia canpxce caao b; MTO MeCTO 06a crapa nOJIyrJIaCHHKa (b H 0) - Tanafion,
nOCJIe neTaJbHMjHX pasaarpaa,a, nOJIa3M no MHTepeCaHTHMx aaxrsv-raxa. HaH-
Me, OH CMaTPa na je ca craaparsea nHpHJIHueH IheHMM yBOnelbeMy vnorpeov,
y ITpeCJIaBy Mopano nona no H3BeCHe npoaeae ranaunecr fivrapcrcor upKBe-
nor H KIhM:>KeBHOr jeaaxa KOjH ce y He-qeMY no-teo pa3JIMKOBaTH on onor
pannjer, nMpHJIO-MeTO)lHjeBcKor, y l.IMjoj je OCHOBH 6HO rosop COnyHCKMx
CJIOBeHa nOJIOBHHe IX nexa H y xojea cy, rropen ocranor, nocrojana M ztsa
nonvrnacnaxa: b H o. Jean-nee H3MeHe xoje cy rana MOrJIe 6MTM asapmene y
npeCJIaBCKOM nacapcxox ueHTPY6a3MpaHe cy, no 11. Tanaoosv, na vaomeisv
y upKBeHM H KlbM:>KeBHM je3MK oc06HHa JIOKanHMX HapO,UHMX rosopa. OKOJIM-
na ITpeCJIaBa, TanaIIIIher fivrapcxor vnpasaor Mnvxosaor uearpa, zmjanexar-
CKM je MOrJIa, no 11. I'anafiosv, npnnanarn jezraox 6yrapcKOM HapO,UHOM
ronopv KOjM, nopen ocranor, MeCTO nexanaunsa nsa nOJIyrJIaCHHKa M nasana
CPilCKA PE.LlAKUI1JA CTAPOCJ10BEHCKOr JE3I1KA 11 YilOTPEEA CAMO TAHKor'A JEPA .. 99
aaznser pena naaac V cefia HMa orsopeno if (V CJIOrOBHMa nozt aKQeHTOM) H
aarospeao (I. (soxan H3Mebv a H e V HeHarJIalIIeHHM CJIOrOBHMa) - a nrro je
V CHMeoHoBo spene Morao 6HTH jenan nOJIvrJIaCHHK pena soxana e O.IlHOCHO
a, HJIH lDerOB nOMeHYTH KOHTHHYeHT: if O.IlHOCHO (I.. To je THn ztaaaunser
Gvrapcxor TeTeBeHCKor H epxe-ncor rosopa (Ha3BaHHx 110 MeCTHMa TeTeBeH
- sananao 0.Il JIoBe"LIa - H EpKe"LI, naaac: K03H"LIHHO, cesepao 0.Il Evpraca
- CTOjKOB 196.8 79-80; Tanafioa 1986 253), KOjH cv, 110 MHlIIJbelDV H. Ta-
JIa60Ba, nexan MOrJIH npnrranarn je.IlHOM najanexrv, pacnpocrparsenou na
sehoj, aajezma-ncoj TepHTopHjH xoja je aaxsarana H jV)KHV OKOJIHHY Tlpecnasa.
IIoJIa3enH 0.Il OBe H OBaKBe npeTnOCTaRllieHe .IlHjaneKaTcKe OCHOBe V BpeMe
Qapa CHMeOHa, 6yrapcKH rmcapa npeCJIaBCKOr KlDH)KeBHOr uearpa MOrJIH CV
V je3HKV CBOjHX KlDHra vnorpefirsaaara, HapaBHO, jenan MeCTO acxanaum,a
zrsa nOJIyrJIaCHHKa, urro ce, no H. Fanaoonv, MOrJIO OCTBapHTH caxo V3 ca-
rJIaCHOCT HajBHlIIHx npe.IlCTaBHHKa ranannse fivrapcse nvxonae H CBeTOBHe
BJIaCTH. Taj jenan nonvrnacmnc je Morao 6HTH CBaKaKO caao pena noxana e
O.IlHOCHO a - jep je lDerOB .IlaHalIIlDH pecpnexc, BH.IleJIH CMO, raxaor rnna: e
O.IlHOCHO (I. - nrro je V npeCJIaBCKOM nHpHJIH"lIKOM nHcapCKOM uerrrpv 06eJIe-
)KaBaHO TaHKHM jepon (b) KaKO noxaavje nOMeHYTH onrosapajvha enarpacp-
CKH MaTepHjan (vn. ran60B 1986 113-122, 223-236, 253-265, 704-723;
Fanafioa 198031-32,122; TOT 1995 186-191). TaKBo nacau,e: cano b MeCTO
aexanaunsa nsa (b, D), 3anO"LIeTO V IIpecJIaBV CHMeOHOBor apeneaa, MOrJIO
ce palIIHpHTH V HH3V xacnajax nHpHJICKHX cnOMeHHKa HaCTanHX He caxro na
fivrapcxoa rOBopHOM nonpvsjv Ben H H3BaH rsera.
OBaKBHM "npeCJIaBCKHM" mrcarsea, vnorpetiosr caxro b, O.IlJIHKvje ce, xa-
KO CMO Ben OB.Ile peKJIH, H cpncxa nHpHJIHQa V najcrapnjaa ca"LJ:YBaHHM cpn-
CKHM cnOMeHHQHMa (MHpOCJIaRllieBO jeaaaberse H3 90-HX rO.IlHHa XII B. H
Floaersa KVJIHHa Eaaa 0.Il 29. VIII 1189), a H xacaaje. TaKBa je, caxo ca b ;
cpncxa nHpHJIHQa 6HJIa CBaKaKO H V nperxozmoj, panajoj enOCH caoje yno-
rpeoe KO.Il Cp6a, rj. H3 npexrena H3 xojer HHCV ca"LJ:YBaHH HJIH 6ap .Il0 ztaaac
HHCV rrpoaabeaa rracaaa cnOMeHHQH. Ta nHpHJIHQa, caao ca b MeCTO crapa-
jHX b, D, MOrJIa je 6HTH npmoseaa KO.Il Cp6a najaeposamaje aajeztao C npa-
MalDeM KO.Il lDHX CJIOBeHCKor fiorocnvacersa V .uyXV BH3aHTHjcKor npaBOCJIa-
arsa, lIITO ce MOrJIO H3BplIIHTH, KaKO je OB.Ile Ben pe"LIeHO, aajxacnaje .Il0 npvre
aeneaaje XI CTOJIena. OBO 3Ha"LIH zra cv QpKBeHe KlDHre rrpexo KOjHX CV Cp6H
npHMHJIH CJIOBeHCKO fiorocrrvacetse MOrJIe 6HTH rmcane OBOM "l1peCJIaBCKOM"
nHpHJIHUOM Caaeonosor spexena H3 X sexa, xoja je .IlHpeKTHHM HJIH HH.I{H-
peKTHHM rrvrea CTHrJIa na cpncxo jeaa-nco noztpvsje najxacnaje .Il0 npvre
zrenenaje XI CTOJIena. TOMe 6H HlIIJIa V npHJIOr H vnorpeoa rrosnaror noce6-
nor 3HaKa aa HeKa.IlalIIlDH nasan npemsera pena (A), urro ce cpehe V npe-
CJIaBCKHM cnOMeHHQHMa KOjH HMajv caao b ; a "LIHMe ce O.IlJIHKvje HI1p. H
MHpOCJIaRllieBO jesaaberse V xojeu osaj nocetiaa 3HaK 06eJIe)KaBa BOKan e, a
TO je pecpnexc nOMeHYTor nasana, KOjH CV Cp6H V CBOM HapO.IlHOM rosopv
MOrJIH HMaTH Ben V spexe xan CV MOrJIH npHMlITH OBV "npeCJIaBCKV" hapa-
JIHUV(KVJb6aKHH 1925 12; Tanafion 1986 114,704, 707, 720, 721; MJIa.IleHOBHn
1971 420). IIpHMHBlIIH, TaKO, "npeCJIaBCKV" nHpHJIHIJ;y ca 3HaKOM b KOjH je
03Ha"LIaBaO jenaa je.IlHHH nOJIyrJIaCHHK pezta noxana e O.IlHOCHO a HJIH lDerOB
pecpnexc e O.IlHOCHO (I. - a BOKanH3aUHja rro.rvrnacaaxa V ovrapcxaa rOBO-
100 A... 1EKCAHJAP M.1A1lEHOBl1fi
pHMa jann.a CC 011 X BCKa (MHpqCB 1978 126) - Cp6H c'l OB'l rrpecnascxv
ep'lHKllHj'l CJI0Ba b naxo MornH npunaromrnr craisv 'l OBOM nornenv 'l CBOM
Hapo11HoM rosopv: na lbHMC osua-raaajv CBOj jennaa nonvrnacamc pena a
(nacrao on crapnjnx nnajv b H D), jep HHjC 6mlO BcnHKC H3rOBopHC pa3nHKC
na OBOM nnanv H3Mcny 6yrapcKor H cprrCKor jC3HKa. 3a Cp6c rana HHjC 6Hno
6HTHO rnrran.e naxana osnaxaaan.a rora lbHXOBor jC11HHor nonvrnacamca, Tj.
11a nH he ce ra epOHCMa 06ene)l<:HTH 3HaKOM b HJIH 0, jep c'l OHH, KaKO je sen
PCqCHO, y CBOM HapOnHOM jC3HKY MornH HMaTH raj jenan nonvrnacnax (xao
KOHTHHYeHT Mcb'lcOOHO H3jenHaqCHHX CBOjHX CTapHX nnajv b H D) CBaKaKO
jour 'l BpCMe npe npHMalba cnonencxor 60rocn'l)Kelba (HnH je npouec Men'l-
cofinor nsjemranan.a nsajv nonvrrracansa 'l jenan 'l lbHXOBOM HapOnHOM je-
3HK'l rana OHO y TOK'l). 360r rora c'l OHH MornH .naxo rrpHMHTH "npecnaBCKH"
3HaK b, C nOMCHYTOM epyHKllHjOM, H 'l CBOM nncatsv npHMeHHTH ra TaKO na
raj 3HaK b ofienexcana lbHXOB nonvrnacnnx pena noxana a (H pebe noxana e).
BaJKHO je na ep'lHKllHja osora 3HaKa b y cpncxoj nHCMeHOCTH HHjC OHna
napvurena jep je osaj jeoan 3HaK, H orana xao H norana, 06eneJKaBaO jeoHy
BOKa.flCK:y dioueu ('l 6'lrapcKoM H cpncxov cnv-rajv, HCTHHa, Men'lc06Ho He
rrorrrvno HCTOBeTHY 'l H3rOBOp'l, ann cnn-rav), lIITO je CBaKaKO Morno aonpn-
HeTH npnaan.v H v-rspnrheu.v osora cnosa 'l cpncxoj hapanaun.
3HaK b H3MeHHO je HaqHH rracan.a cnona .jepa" xoje je rroxeno aa ce
06CneJKaBa C TaHKHM a He nnure C nc6cnHM jCpOM: naxne bl a He 'hI.
Ha onacann HaqHH MHoro jc naxure paavsrera H cnrvpmrje rrpernocra-
BHTH vnorpeov caxo b (MCCTO crapajnx nnajv b H D) 'l aajcrapajan ca-rvaanna
cpnCKHM nHcaHHM cnoueamnosa. I1cTHHa, nocroja Mor'lnHocT na c'l vnorpe-
6'l caxo cnosa b CpOH MornH npHMHTH H3 KpaTOBCKO-3nCTOBCKor nacapcxor
CpCnHlIITa y CCBCPOHCTOqHOj Maxenoanja (vn. 1l0HcB 1940 167-168; Farra-
60B 1986 263; fiopbah 1971 71-72; 1I06pcB 1991 219). OBO cpennurre rrpa-
nana MaKCnOHCKOM TCpCHY rnc CC naHac cpenc jenaH nonyrnacHHK MCCTO
CTapHX b , 0 H nonexan MeCTO nasana aamser pena (vn. OC06HHC rosopa MCCTa
Illnerona, j'lJKHO on KpaTOBa a cesepno on 3nCTOBa, peracrponane 'l KlhH3H:
<POHonOlllKH onHCH 1981 691). ITpHHllHncKH nocnarpano, TaKBa Mor'lhHocT
Morna 6H nOCTojaTH, ann 6H, sa lbCHO vcaajan,e, rpeoano rrp'lJKHTH nOKa3C:
a) na je OBO cpcnHlllTe - KOjCM jc nna-re onronapao npecnancxa HaqHH
vnorpeoe caao b 360r nocrojarsa jenner norrvrnacaaxa 'l MCCHOM HapOnHOM
rOBop'l - caMOCTanHO epopMHpano jennojepos rrpasonac (caao ca b) a He non
vranajesr rracapcxor llCHTPa H3 Ilpecnana, 6) zta je OBO cpernnrrre 'l X BCK'l
HMano HC caxo pa3BHjeHY nHCMCHOCT Ben H norpeoan vrnezt H ayTopHTCT,
vnpasmr H n'lXOBHH, neonxonaa 'l apmersv vrnuaja aa npvre CpcnHHC (nnp.
'l npeaomeisv np'lrHMa cnOBCHCKor oorocnvxceaa), B) na c'l 'l OKBHp'l Ca-
M'lHnoBc npxcaae (KOjOj jc H Ilpecnan npnnanao) npecnaacxa HaqHH nncan,a
H npecnascxa 'rpannuaja, H3 CHMeOHOBor BpeMCHa, 6HnH eBCHTYanHO aanexa-
pHBaHH, TC na CC MCCTO lbHX cnvxcano np'lrHMa, H en.
HapaBHO, OBO lIITO jc PCqCHO 0 .npecnancxon" b vonurre HC HCKJb'lqyjC
vnomea,e 'l cpncxv penaxrmjv crapocnonencxor jC3HKa H TaKBHX
upTa KOjc nOTHqy ca np'lrHx nonpyqja YKJbyqyjynH T'l H MaKcnOHCKH TepCH
(Hrrp. e < b, 0 < 0; 'In. npCMa CTapocn. I1dKO'T'b rrpeMa
CTapocn. I1dK'h'T'b H cn. 'l MHpOCnaBJbCBOM jCBaHneJb'l: K'lJb6aKHH 1925 25-26)
cpnCKA PEilAKUI1JA CTAPOC10BEHCKOr JE3l1KA l1 VnOTPEEA CAMO TAHKOfA JEPA . 101
HJUi jy:>KHOMOpaBCKO nonpvsje (nnp. Jly MeCTO BOKaJIHOr /2 y OJJ:peneHHM cpo-
HeTCKHM rr03HUHjaMa, yrr. nnp. Ct\YHL.J,K'l y MHpOCJIaBJbeBOM H Ct\CYHbLJ,E H CJI. Y
ByKaHoBoM jeaanbersv - KyJb6aKHH 1925 102). YTHUajH na crapn cpncxn
upKBeHH H KfhH:>KeBHH je3HK MOrJIH cy ce, napasao, oCTBapHBaTH H ca HCTOKa
(ITpeCJIaB), H ca jyra (OXpRU), H ca jvroncroxa (KpaToBCKO-3JIeTOBCKo rroJJ:py-
lfje). CBH cy OHH, y pa3JIHlfHTHM BpeMeHHMa, MOrJIH 1I0HOCHTH H rrOHeUITO
yHOCHTH y cpncxv penaxunjv CTapOCJIOBCHCKor jesnxa. ITpeCJlaB, xao lIYXOBHil
il CBeTOBHil ovrapctor uerrrap, Morao ce nnax nanaajarn CBOjlIM ilHTeH3ilBHH-
jilM vmuajexr, rrorOTOBO y noxerxv rrpmraa,a KOlI Cp6a CJIOBeHCKor 60rOCJly-
:>Kefha il CJIOBeHCKe, hapann-nce rrHCMeHOCTil. TaKaB nerrrap rtocenonao je
onrosapajvha aYTopHTeT sa ocrnapnaan.e onpebenor vrmraja, il TO He cavo
aa BpeMe uapesa CHMeoHa (893-927) il Ilerpa (927-969), Ben il CaMYHJIa
(976/997 - 1014), KaJJ:a je npecrraacxa rpamnraja CBaKaKO H zrarse erancrnpa-
JIa (raJIa60B 1986 120).
11 jour HellITO. Ilocrojan,e nosnaror enarpacpcxor crrOMCHHKa Teuuuh-
KOI uauuaica, nabenor y uempannoj Cp6HjH y OKOJIIfHH Bapsapana - xnja
ce HaCTaHaK sesvje snure aa X a Mafhe aa XI BeK (Crojaaoanh 1913 19),
OJJ:HOCHO caao aa XI CTOJIene (Haroja 1987 211; qHroja 1995 11) H Y xojeu
ce rnmrv 06a nonvrnacmnca: 0, b; a BOKaJI jepn aa JJ:Ba naxaaa: 'hH, 'hI - He
6H MOpaJIO 6HTH Y KOJIH3IfjH C H3HeceHOM rrpeTrrOCTaBKOM 0 vcsajaisv OJJ:
crpane Cp6a "rrpeCJIaBCKe" nHpHJIHue cave ca b (MeCTO crapnjax nsajv b, D).
OBO, rrpe cnera, 3aTO llITO rrojasa TeMHunKOl uauauu: na cprrCKOM je3Hl.{KOM
rrpocTopy, C jenne, H npmraa,e CJIOBeHCKor 60rOCJIy:>KClha C onroaapajvhna
nHpHJIHl.{KHM nacan.ev, Cnpyre crpane, He xropajv 6HTH nojase HCTOBpeMeHe
H HCTor nopexna. Crapnje nHpHJIHl.{KO nacarse y TeMHunKOM uaiuiiucy rrOTH-
lfe CBaKaKO H3 ztpvre cpennne HerOJIH OHO .rrpecnancxo". Onaj ermrpacpcxa
crrOMeHHK je, aKO ce TaKO MO:>Ke peha, HH,UHBHlIYaJIHa nojasa xoja CBeJJ:OlfH
y6e,UJbHBO 0 TOMe na cy Cp6H MOrJIH rr03HaBaTH nHpHJIHUY y X (XI?) sexv,
rrHCMO KOjHM cy, na OBOM Harrmcv, ncmrcaaa HMeHa neceropnue OJJ: 40 ce-
sacrnjcxax MVlfeHHKa, jep ce BepOBaJIO na CJIHKafhe fhHXOBHX JIHKOBa HJIH
ncnacaaaa,e caxo lhHXOBHX HMeHa "llITHTe rpabesnne 011 pvureisa'', rj. JJ:a cy
OHH "lfYBapH OHIfX ..neJIOBa rpabeanna KOjH 6If 6HJIil KOHCTPyKTHBHO najcne-
JIHjH H KOjH cy najnaxme naaana" (Panoj-rah 1969 9). CaMHM TilM, TeMHllnKU
uatuiiuc, ca HMeHHMa necer noaeavrax MVlfeHHKa, rrpencraarsao 6H -rernpra
zteo xasrexe nnoxe, jenne ueJIHHe xoja je canpxcasana HMeHa CBIfX 40 Myl.fe-
HHKa H xoja je 6HJIa vsanaaa y onpebeirv rpabesmrv (Panoj-rnh 1969 5,
10-11; qIfroja 1987 203). Teuuuhxu naiuuuc, C OBOM, rro pel.fHMa C. Panoj-
lfHna, MarHlfHOM epyHKUHjOM, Morao je HaCTaTH na cpncxosr je3Hl.fKOM rtonpv-
lfjy rrpe npaaaa,a IfJIH y speae xan cy Cp6If no-rena npmrara CJIOBeHCKO
60rocny:>Kefhe (nerne TOKOM X aJIIf najxacnnje no ztpvre rreuennje XI nexa).
AKo je Teuuuhxu naiutu: rmcao Cp6HH y TO speae, cavo nHpIfJIHlfKO nnca-
lhe xoje onpaxcasa osaj cnOMeHHK nOMeHYTH nncap je Morao yCBOjHTH H3
npvrnx jy:>KHOCJIOBeHCKIfX cpenaurra a He H3 rrpeCJIaBCKOr. Osaj Harrmc je
BpJIO Ba:>KHa nojana, aJIH nnax vxcer oncera H snaxaja neronn llITO je xozr
Cp6a 6HJIO npaaan,e CJIOBeHCKor 60rOCJIy:>Kefha C nHpHJIillfKHM rrHCMOM. OBO
npvro je MOpaJIO npeacraanara rrojasv opraaaaosaaor xapaxrepa C nanexo-
Ce:>KHilM UHJbeM: vcsajan,e CJIOBeHCKor 6orocny:>Kefha rrpexo ozrrosapajvhnx
102 N1EKCAHilAPMflAilEHOBMfi
nHpHJIH"lJKHX upKBeHHX KlbHra. A TaKBa axnnja nnje yCKor HJIH JIOKaJIHOr
THna. Haven.ena je onpebeaoj erna-ncoj rpvnaunja, nerrvje na onurrenpv-
IlITBeHOM nJIaHY, H HMa aa UHJh v-rapurhen.e y CBOjOj cpemnor CJIOBeHCKor
6orOCJIy:>Kelba H nHpHJIUtIKe nHCMeHOCTH. Ta nHCMeHOCT MO:>Ke ce TOKOM xa-
canjer speaeaa MelbaTH y OBOM HJIH OHOM npamrv, aJIH MO:>Ke H HeIIITO aaap-
:>KaTH on CBOjHX noxeraxa xao UITO je vnorpefia casro b (MecTo b, D) Y cprrcxoj
nHpHJIHUH.
*
IIoJIa3enH on XHnOTe3e I1. raJIa60Ba 0 aasecnoj H3MeHH jesnxa H CJIO-
BeHCKHX 6orocny:>K6eHHX KlbHra H npvrax TeKCTOBa y spesre uapa CHMeoHa
(893-927) - H TO, rrope.n: OCTaJIOr, YHOIIIelbeM jenaor jenaaor nonvrnacaaxa
(MeCTO paanjnx b, D) mIll rseroaor pecpnexca (e' / (1) H3 naponnor rosopa
OKOJIHHe Ilpecnana noveavror npevena, llITO ce 03Hal:JaBaJIO CJIOBOM b -
MO:>Ke ce nan,e npernocraaarn na cy H Cp6H, rrpHMHBIlIH CJIOBeHCKO 6orocny-
)Kelbe (aajxacnaje no npvre neneanje XI nexa), rrpHMHJIH H OBy .npecnascxv"
nHpHJIHUy ca 3HaKOM b. QBO CJIOBO je y lbHXOBOj nHCMeHOCTH, O.n:HOCHO y
cpncxoj penaxmrja CTapOCJIOBeHCKor jeaaxa (xoja je aacrajana C rrpHMalbeM
KO.n: lbHX nOMeHYTor fiorocnvacea,a), 6HJIO npaxrseno H rrOl:JeJIO je na 03Ha-
xana ranaura,a cpncxa jenan rroJIyrJIaCHHK KOjH je 6HO najsenme pena BOKaJIa
a H pebe CaMOrJIaCHHKa e (.n:06HjeHMenyco6HHM vjcnaa-raaan.e pannjax b H
D). Haroaopna pa3JIHKa je 6HJIa MaJIa H3Meny 6yrapcKor e / {1 b, D) H
cpncxor jemmor rrOJIyrJIaCHHKa pena ale b, D), llITO je ossorvhano KO.n:
Cp6a H3MeHY noranannse epyHKUHje "rrpeCJIaBCKOr" b': na ce OBHM CJIOBOM
no-me 03Hal:JaBaTH nOMeHYTa rrOnyBOKaJICKa cpncxa epoHeMa. Osaj 3HaK b, aa
KOjH ce MO:>Ke npeTrrOCTaBHTH zra je nOpeKJIOM H3 .ripecnaacxe'' nHpHJIHue,
yl:JBpCTHO ce H HaCTaBHO na ce vnorpefin.asa oana-rvjvha nonvrnacaax y
cpncxoj nHpHJIHUH xacanjax BeKOBa, CBe ncrne no XIV nexa xana ce y HH3Y
cpncKHx aaponanx rosopa nonvrnacmnc BOKaJIH30BaO y a (pebe y e'), rrOCJIe
-rera je y cpncxoj rrHCMeHOCTH CJIOBO b rrOl:JeJIO 03Hal:JaBaTH CaMOrJIaCHHK a.
CJIOBO s, 0 xojex je oaae pes, H3MeHHJIO je H Hal:JHH nacaaa CJIOBa .jepa"
TaKO IIITO je y lbeMY 3aMeHHJIO 3HaK 0 're ce MeCTO CTapOCJIOBeHCKor '"hI
rrOl:JeJIO vnorpetin.asarn bl.
Eeorpazr, cpeopvapa 1997.
CKPAfiEHMIlE
Eemrh 1936 - A. EeJIHO, Yttewne ce. Caee U ueioee !JI.KOAe y ciueapaiey uoee peoaxuuje
CpUCKUX hupuncxux CUOMeHUKa. - CBeTocaBCKH 36opHHK, Beorpan (Cpncxa xparseacxa axane-
Muja. Ilocefiaa H3n:afha KfhHra 114. LJ,pYIliTBeHH H HCTOpHjCKH cnHCH KfhHra 47), Beorpan, 1936,
KfhHra 1, Pacrrpase, 213-276.
I'anaooa 1980 - MBaH r1JI1,60B, Ctuapotiuniapcxu e3UK C yeoo e CAaeflHCKO e3UK03HaHue.
- COepH5I (Havxa H H3KyCTBO), 1980.
Fanafios 1986 - MBaH r1JI1,60B, 1136paHu Uipyooee UO e3UK03HaHue. - COepH5I (Havxa H
H3KYCTBO), 1986.
Tpmtxar 1975 - Hpena rpHUKaT, CUiyouje U3 ucaiopuje cpucxoxpeauicxoi jesuxa. -
Beorpan (Haponaa 6H6JrnoTeKa Cpoaje), 1975.
cpnCKA PE,1AKUVlJA CTAPOCnOBEHCKOr JE3V1KAVI VnOTPEEA CAMO TAHKOrA JEPA ... 103
lJ,06peB 1991 - I1BaH lJ,06peB, Pauocaiiu: UUCMeHOCW U m/zlapcKuRw apaeoauc iipes
cpeonoeexoeueiuo. - KHpMJIO-MeTO,ll,HeBCKH cry.n:HH, COepH51 (Bt.m-apcxa axanesnrst na HaYKHTe.
KHpHJIo-MeTO.IJ:HeBCKH HayqeH nerrrsp), 1991, T. 8, 216-252.
50pOHO 1971 - Tlerap Bopbah, Hciuopuja cpucxe hUpU.i1ULW ITaA.eOipaqJcKo-qJUIlO;lOWKU
tLPU.103U. - Eeorpan (Baaozt aa H3.uaBalhe vuoeaasa Couajanacrtonce Perry6JIHKe Cpdaje), 1971.
I1BaHoBa H np. 1955 - CT. CTaHqeB, B. I1BaHoBa, M. Banaa, IT. EOeB, Haouucuu ua
't'bp'iYOlL1R Moctuuw. - COepH51 (Bunrapcxa axanexax aa HaYKHTe. ApXeOJIorYJqeCKH HHCTHTYT),
1955.
I1BHo 1990 - ITaMe I1BHo, Je3uK, cpucxoxpeauicxu / xpeauicxocpacxu, xpeaiiicxu UA.U
CpUCKU. - EHUHKJIOne.IJ:Hja Jvrocnaanje, 3arpe6, 1989, Klh. 6, 48-78.
I1BHO 1991 - Ilaane I1BHh, 113aopaHU CUUCU. II. 113 uciuopuje CpUCKoxp8aWCKoi jesuxa.
- HHlU (Ilpocaera), 1991.
KyJb6aKHH 1925 - CT. M. KyJb6aKHH, Ilaneoipadicxo-jesuuxa ucautuueaua 0 Mupocna-
8;oe80M jeeauben-y. - CpeMcKH KapJIOBUH (Cprrcxa xparsescxa axanexaja. Tlocefina mnaaa
KlhHra 52. <PIL'IOCOqx:KH H epHJIOJIOllIKH cnHCH KlhHra 13), 1925.
Map-rea 1978 - KHpHJI Mapsen, Hciuopuuecxa ipauaiuuxa ua mA.'iapcKuR e3UK. Tpeiuo
usoauue. - COepH51 (HaYKa H H3KYCTBo), 1978.
MJIa.n:eHoBHh 1971 - Anescaanap MJIa,ll,eHOBHh, Eneueuua: uciuopuje cpucxoxpeatucxot
je311Ka. - Onnrra eHUHKJIOne.IJ:Hja Larousse, Eeorpan (BYK Kapauah - Harepexcnopr), 1971,
Klh. 1, 419-426.
MJIa.n:eHoBHo 1977 - AJIeKCaH.IJ:ap MJIa.n:eHoBHo, HaUOMeHe 0 CpUCKOCA.08eHCKoM je3UK)!. -
360pHHK sa q,HJIOJlomjy H JIHHrBHcTHKy, HOBH Can (MaTHUa cprrcxa), 1977, Klh. XX-2, 1-20.
MJIa.n:eHoBHo 1995 - Anexcaanap MJIa.n:eHoBHo, 0 HeKUM UUWaI-bUMa ciueapana cpiicxe
peoaxuuje ciiiapocnoeencxoi jesuxa. - 360pHHKMaTHUecpncxe sa q:mnOJIOrHjy H JIHHrBHcTHKy,
HOBH Can, 1975, Klh. XXXVIII-I, 21-27.
Mnaneaoaati 1995a - Anexcanaap MJIa.n:eHoBHo, 0 HeKUM UUWal-bUMa ciueapatea cpiicxe
peoaxuuje cUiapOCA.08eHCKoi jesuxa. - Apxeorpacpcxa npIL'I03H, Beorpan (Hapozaa 6H6JIHOTeKa
Cpoaje. Apxeorpacpcxo onerseise), 1995, Klh. 17, 7-18.
He.n:eJbKOBHh 1967 - OJIra He.n:eJbKOBHO, IToA.yiA.aC08U y ctuapocnaeencxuu euuipaqicxuu
ciioueuuuuua. - CJIOBO, 3arpe6, 1967, Klh. 17, 5-36.
Panojsnh 1969 - Cserosap Pazojsmh, Tesutuhxu HaWUuc. Cyjeeepuue Cpe01-b08eKOeHux
tpaouuieaa 0 'tyoow80pHOj uohu UMeHa U A.UK08a ceeaciuujcxux MyJ.teHuKa. - 360pHHK sa
JIHKOBHe YMeTHocm, HOBH Can (MaTHUa cprrcxa), 1969, Klh. 5, 3-11 c je.IJ:HHM epaKCHMHJIOM.
CTOjaHoBHo 1913 - Jhy6. CTOjaHoBHo, Teuuuhxu HaWUUC X-XI eexa. (Y Hapoouou
My3ejy y Beoipaoy 6p. 2667). - Jy)l(HOCJIOBeHCKH q,HJIoJIor, Eeorpan, 1913, Klh. I, CB. 1-2,4-20
C 1 CJ'IHKOM H Cje.IJ:HHM q,aKcHMHJIOM na xpajv KlhHre.
CTOjKOB 1968 - CTOHKO CTOHKOB, E'bA.iapCKa ouanextuonoius. Buiopo iioiipaeeno U30a-
Hue. - COq,H51 (HaYKaH H3KYCTBO), 1968.
TOT1995 - I1Mpe TOT, Opqioipadruwecxue WKOA.b1 8peMeHu 110aHHa 3K3apxa. - ITpeCJIaB-
CKa KHH)I(OBHa IllKOJIa, COq,H51 (06IUHHCKH C'bBeT aa ,n;yxOBHO pa3BHTHe rp. lIIYMeH. YHHBepcH-
TeTCKO H3.n:aTeJICTBO "CB. KJIHMeHT OxpH.n:CKH"), 1995, TOM 1, 186-191.
Iloaea 1940 - Berrso Iloaea, 11cUiopUR ua mA.iapCKUR e3UK. TOM U7>p8U. A. Otnua 'tGcUi.
- COepH51 (HaYKa H H3KyCTBO), 1984 (cpororancxo H3.n:alhe).
<POHOJIOllIKH onHCH 1981 - (/)OHOA.OWKU OUuCU cpacxoxpeatucsux / xpeatucxocpacxux,
C;108eHa'tKUX U uaxeooucxux ioeopa otiyxeaheuux ouwWeCA.08eHCKUM A.UHi8UcUiu'tKUM alIlA.aCOM.
- Capajeso (Axanexaja HaYKa H YMjeTHOCTH Boese H Xepnerosaae. nOCe6Ha nanaa,a KlhHra
55. Onjerses,e npvurrseaax HaYKa KlhHra 9), 1981.
qHroja 1987 - Bpaaxnua qHroja, Teuuuhxu HaWUuc. - AHaJIH <1>HJIOJIOIllKOr cpaxvnrera,
Eeorpan, 1987, Klh. 18, 202-217 Cje.IJ:HHM q,aKCHMHJIOM.
qHroja 1995 - EpaHKHUa qHroja, Hajciuapuju CpUCKU nUpUA.CKU nauiuucu. (Fpadiuja,
opiiioipaxpuja, jesux}. - Beorpan, 1995.
104
Anexcauoap M ~ 1aOCl-I06Un
fulEKCAHnAPMflAilEHOBHfi
EYKBA EPb B CEPECKOVI PEllAKU1111 CTAPOCJ1AB5IHCKOrO 513bIKA
Pe3lOMe
Cep6CKa5I KHpHJIJIHua, vnorpetinaeaas B JJ:peBHdi:uIHX COXpaHHBIIIHXC5I Cep6CKHX nacssrea-
HhIX rraM5ITHHKaX KOHua XII B., C06nlOJJ:aeT 6YKBy b BMeCTO CTapOCnaB5IHCKHX 6YKB b, o. Cepou
rrpHH5InH KHpHnJ1HqeCKyKJ rrHChMeHHOCTh B TO BpeM5I, xorna B CBoeH cpene naxana nomaosarsca
CnaB5IHCKHM 60rOCJ1V:>KeHHeM BH3amHHCKoro rnna. TIo MHeHHIO asropa 3TO MorJ10 cnv-nrrsc B
revenae X B., HO He rr03JJ:Hee BTOpOro lIeC5ITHneTH5I XI B. llo sroro BpeMeHH B cpononortrvecxoa
CHCTeMe rnacnsrx cepocxoro HapoJJ:HOrO 5I3hIKa rrpOH30IIIen p5I;::( H3MeHcHHH, OXBaThIBalOIUHX TaK-
:>KC BhIpaBHHBaHHC 060HX JJ:peBHHX peJJ:YUHpOBaHHhIX, 061>CJJ:HHHCHhIX B OJJ:HOM peJJ:YUHpOBaHHOM
rnaCHOM, M5I xoroporo 6hInO xapaxrepao OTKphITOC rrpOH3HOIliCHHe. B 60nhIIIHHCTBC cnvxaea
xanre scero 3TOT CJJ:HHCTBCHHhIH peJJ:YUHpoBaHHhIH 6hIn 6JIH30K rro rrpOH3HOlIICHHlO K rnaCHOMY
a, pe:>Ke - K rnaCHOMY e.
Ha3BaHHa5I 6YKBa b MorJ1a crart, xapaKTCpHOH xeproa cepocxoa KHpHJInHUhI ewe B TO
BpCM5I, xorna ceptisr rrpHH5IJIH CnaB5IHCKOC 60rOCJry:>KCHHC, TaK KaK rorna, rro MHCHHIO asropa,
OHH B CBOCM HapoJJ:HoM 5I3hIKC MOrJIH HMCTh OJJ:HH pCJJ:YUHpOBaHHhIH rnacmra, KOTOphIH rrOCJ1C
rrpHH5ITH5I CnaB5lHCKOH KHpHJDIlfqCCKOH rrHChMeHHOCTH HaqaJ1H 0603HaqaTh rpacpexoa b. 3Ta rpa-
epeMa, cornacno rHrrOTC3e fiorrrapcxoro v-reaoro 11. r1>JIb60Ba, Morna paHhllie vnorpefinsrrscsr
BMCCTO rrcpB06hITHhIX JJ:Byx b, 0, B KHpHnnHqeCKHX 60nrapcKHX rraM5ITHHKaX (npecnascxax) BO
BpCM5I naps CHMcoHa (893-927). 3TO cnv-ranocs ncrosrv -rro rorna, rro MHCHHIO 11. r1>n1>60Ba,
B HCKOTOphIX OC06CHHOCT5IX rrpoH30IIInH H3MCHeHH5I cTapOCnaB5IHCKOrO 5I3hIKa KHpHnnO-McepoJJ:H-
CBCKoro rnna. Hap5IJJ:Y C JJ:pyrHMH H3MCHeHH5IMH JJ:aHHhIe H3MeHeHH5I KaCaIOTC5I yCBoeHH5I eJJ:HH-
crsemroro peJJ:YUHpOBaHHoro rnacaoro (nxecro b, 0), KOTOphIH B nonvnapmax CJ10rax npoas-
n5InC5I KaK OTKphITOC e, B TO BpeM5I KaK B 6e3YJJ:apHhIX cnorax HMen MeCTO fionee 3aKphIThtii:
rnacasni a (rrpOH3HOCHBIIIHHC5I KaK 3BYK Me:>KJJ:Y a He). 3T0 rorna Morno 6hITh xapaxrepaoa
qepTOH MeCTHhIX HapOJJ:HhIX rOBopOB oKpy:>KeHH5I Ilpecnasa, nvxonaoro H MHpCKOro uearpa Tor-
JJ:aIIIHeH Bonrapaa. ABTOp rrpennonaraer, -rro ceposr, BMeCTe C rrpHH5ITHeMCnaB5IHCKOrO fior ocnv-
:>KeHH5I MOrJIH rrpHH5ITh KaK paa .rrpecnaacxvso" KHPHJInHIIY, B KOTOpOH vnorpefinanacs 6YKBa b,
0603Haqa1OIUa5I OJJ:HH BhIlIIeynoM5fHVThIH peJJ:YUHpOBaHHhIH nraCHhIH (BMeCTO rrepB06hITHhIX JJ:Byx
- b, 0). llaHHa5I 6YKBa B cepdcxoii 5I3hIKOBOH cpeJJ:e, rro MHeHHlO asropa, HaqlfHaeT 0603HaqaTh
TDrJJ:aIIIHHH eJJ:HHCTBeHHhIH cep6CKHH peJJ:YUHpOBaHHhIH rnacmni (rronyqeHHhIH, KaK MhI y:>Ke BH-
JJ:eJIH, 061>eJJ:HHeHHeM rrepB06hITHhIX peJJ:YUHpOBaHHhIX b, 0). 3T0 Morno CnyqHThC5I, rroroav xro
He 6hInO 3HaqIfTenhHOH pa3HHIIhI B rrpoH3HolIICHHH Me:>KJJ:Y ynOM5IHYThIM 60nrapcKHM (npecnas-
CKHM) pecpnexcox eJJ:HHCTBeHHoro penvuaposaaaoro r.nacaoro, C OJJ:HOH, H TaK:>Ke vnoxaavroro
eJJ:HHCTBeHHoro cepocxoro penvnapoaaanoro r nacaoro, rrpoH3HocHBIIIerOC5I xame scero B 30He
r.nacnoro a (pexce - B 30He rnacnoro e) - C JJ:pyrOH CTOpOHhI. MO:>KHO npezmonozcrrrs, xro
JJ:aHHa5I 6YKBa b rrpOHCXOJJ:HT H3 .rrpecaaacxoa" KHPHlli1HUhr H -rro OHa 3aH5Ina npo-moe MeCTO B
nHChMeHHOH rrpaxrmce y cepoon, vnorpefinascs B ynoM5fHVToM 3BYKOBOM 3HaqeHHH eJJ:HHCTBeH-
HOW cepocxoro peJJ:YUHpOBaHHoro rnacaoro. TaKyKJ YHKUHIO 6YKBa b BhInOnH5Ina B cep6CKOH
KHpHJInHUC H B rrocneJJ:yKJIUHX CTonem5IX, a 3TO 3HaqIfT annors JJ:O XIV sesa. Torna B pxne
cepocxax HapOJJ:HhIX rosopoa npoH30IIIna BOKanH3auH5I vnosonrvroro eJJ:HHCTBeHHoro peJJ:YUHpo-
BaHHoro rnaCHoro, B pe3YnhTaTe KOTOpOH nOnyqHnc5I rnacHhlH a (TonhKo B 3eTCKHX rOBopax
nonvxanocs OTKphIToe e). C 'rex rrop B cepocxax rrHChMeHHhIX naM5ITHHKaX 6YKBa b crana 060-
aaavars rnacasai a.