Bug Fixe s:

mkl iv e cd Bug Fix

H ow To:

Issu e 5

J an u ary, 2007

h ttp:/ / w w w .pcl in u xos.com

Cre at e a DO S BootDis k e t t e Rip CD Audios t h e Sim pl e s tW ay Scre e ns h otYour Scre e ns av er

Pack e t W rit in g In PCL in u x O S

b y Cl are ol d ie

Gu id e T o In s t al l in g D iab l o II L O D w it h PCL in u x O S an d W in e
b y M is f it138

Cre at in g An U pd at e CD or D V D
b y cogD is

H ow T o Ins t al l Program s F rom Sou rce Cod e

b y m w ananch i

I W as A L in u x - e r B e fore L in u x Ex is t ed
b y D av id (ak a R av e D av e)

D e sk t op Ch an ge s
b y R od ne y A d k ins

L i n u x U s e rs O w e M icros oft
b y b rit b rian

Part it ion T ab l es Ex pl ain e d

b y h ank u rt

Exce ptw h e re ot h e rw is e not e d, cont e ntoft h is m agaz ine is l ice ns e d u nde r a Cre at iv e Com m ons At rrib u t ion- NonCom m e rcial - NoD e rv is 2.5 L ice ns e

From t h e De s k of t h e Ch ie f E d it or
Wel com e t o PCL inuxO S m agazine . W e 'v e incl ude d pl e nt y of good s t uf ff or you t o e nj oy. You'v e probabl y al l m e t Rav e D av e on t h e m ain f orum ;h e w as a L inuxe r be f ore t h e re w as L inux. Th e re 's a bit of w ry h um or f rom Brit brian, and a h ow -t o on s e t t ing up L ords of D e s t ruct ion t o run unde r W ine . For t h os e w orrie d t h at t h e curre nt 0.9 2 and 0.9 3 re pos it orie s m ay " go aw ay"af t e r 0.9 4 is re l e as e d, t h e re is a gre at t ut orial on cre at ing your ow n l ocal copy of t he re pos it orie s . Th e re is l ot s m ore . Now f or s om e ne w s . Ne xt m ont h , w e w il l h av e at re as ure h unt f or our re ade rs . Th e prize w il l be announce d in ne xt m ont h 's is s ue in m y e dit orial . Th is m ont h,t h ough , I t h ough t w e 'd giv e you a pre v ie w . As you re ad t he art icl e s , not ice t h at s om e graph ics h av e a s m al l ye l l ow dot on t h e m , w it h a re d l et t er , num be r or punct uat ion m ark ins ide t h e dot . Th e s e ch aract e rs m ak e up a " k e y"t o unl ock t he t re as ure ch e s t . W rit e t h e m dow n and t h en organize t h em t o m ak e a w ord, w ords or ph ras e . Pay at t e nt ion t o capit al izat ion;it 's im port ant . W h e n ne xt m ont h 's is s ue " h it s t h e st re e t "you'l l ne e d t o be t he v e ry f irs t one t o corre ct l y as s e m bl e t h e k e y and v is it a s pe cial l ink I w il l publ is h in m y e dit orial . If you are f irs t , you w in... w e l l , I'l l t el l you w h at you w in ne xt m ont h. W h y are w e doing t h is ?W e 're h oping w h il e you are t h e re e nt e ring your gue s s at t he t re as ure k e y t h at you'l l t ak e t he t im e t of il l out our de m ograph ics s urv e y. No pe rs onal inf orm at ion is col l e ct edt h e re (e xce pt f or t h e w inne r ,wh o m us t prov ide us a cont act e m ail addre s s ). Th e dat a col l e ct e d w il l h el p us h e re at PCL inuxO S M agazine do a be t t erj ob prov iding you w it h w h at you w ant . So ch e ck out t h is m ont h 's graph ics and s e e if you can gue s s t h e pre v ie w k e y. I'l l announce w h at it w as on t h e m ain f orum in t h e M agazine 's s e ct ion.

PCL inuxO S M agaz ine is a com m unit y proj e ctofM yPCL inuxO S.com t o prov ide an addit ional m e ans ofcom m unicat ion t o t h e PCL inuxO S com m unit y.

Proj e ctCoordinat or: De rrick De v ine Publ is h e r: M yPCL inuxO S.com Cont act : m ag@ m ypcl inuxos .com Ch ie fEdit or: Tim Robins on Se nior Edit or: Rodne y Adk ins Edit ors : Se n L e am y, Ne al Brook s Proof re ade rs : Cl ay Pe rrine , Guy T ayl er , Joh n Paxt on, Doug W il s on, Se n L e am y, Jan Al l e n, Danny Crane , W arre n M ul l e nax Cont ribut ors : cogDis , Rav e Dav e , brit brian, M is f it 138, m w ananch i, Tim Robins on, Rodne y Adk ins , Cl are ol die , h ank urt Page L ayout& Graph ics : Arch ie Are v al o

Tim R obins on

H om e on t h e Ne t : ht t p:/ / w w w .pcl inuxos .com / f orum s / ht t p:/ / w w w .m ypcl inuxos .com

Annou nce m e nt : PCL inu xO S 0 .9 3a Re l e as e d

T e xs t ar announce d on Augus t21, 2006 t h e av ail abil it yf or dow nl oad or onl ine orde ring ofPCL inuxO S 0.9 3a Ful l Edit ion ak a Big Daddy. Th e f ul l e dit ion com e s w it h K e rne l 2.6.16.27, K DE 3.5.3, O pe n Of f ice , Fire f ox, Th unde rbird and Nv u. Digik am , Gim p and Gq v ie w f or your digit al ph ot o ne e ds . Am arok , Audacit y and Audio Cre at or f or your digit al m us ic ne e ds . Fros t w ire , bit t orre ntand gf t pf or f il e t rans f e rs and p2p f il e s h aring. M pl aye r and K af f e ine f or v ide o v ie w ing. (l ibdv dcs s 2 re q uire d f or dv d e ncrypt e d pl ayback ). K ope t e and Xch atf or onl ine ch at t ing. Bl ogging and podcas ts of t w are al so incl ude d. PCL inuxO S Big Daddy is t he f ul l m ont y!

Digit al Ph ot os
Digik am is a pre -ins t al l e d ph ot o m anagm e ntprogram t h atal l ow s you t o dow nl oad, organiz e , e dit , and s h are your e nt ire ph ot o col l e ct ion. Eas il y conne ctyour digit al cam e ra t o your com put er and im portal l ofyour pict ure s w it h af e w m ous e -cl ick s . I n addit ion t o Digik am , PCL inuxO S al s o incl ude s t h e pow e rf ul GI M P im age e dit or .

Digit al M us ic
M anage your f av orit e t une s w it h Am arok , an al l -in-one m us ic pl aye r buil tint o PCL inuxO S. Burn and rip your f av orit e m us ic w it h Audio Cre at or . Fil e s h are t h rough Fros t w ire .

W e b Publ is h ing Tool s

PCL inuxO S incl ude s Nv u, a pow e rf ul , e as y-t o-us e w e b de s ign program t h atis ope n-s ource . Anyone can cre at e w e b page s now , ev ent h os e w it h no t e ch nical e xpe rt is e or k now l e dge ofH TM L . PCL inuxO S al l ow s you t ot ry itin L iv e m ode w it h outt ouch ing your curre nts ys t em.I fyou l ik e PCL inuxO S you can e as il y ins t al l itt o your com put e r us ing t h e e as y t o us e I ns t al l at ion program . Af t er ins t al l ing PCL inuxO S t o your com put er , you can acce s s an addit ional 5000 program s and l ibrarie s f rom our f re e s of t w are re pos it ory. I fyou are t ire d ofW indow s cons t ant l y cras h ing al l t he t im e , t he bl ue s cre e ns ofde at h ,t h e nas t yv irus e s / t roj ans , cons t antpopups , and s l uggis h pe rf orm ance t h e n PCL inuxO S is f or you.

PCL inu xO S 0 .9 3a Big D ad d y

PCL inuxO S 0.9 3a - Ful l Edit ion ak a Big Daddy is now av ail abl e. Th is is our f ul l v e rs ion oft h e PCL inuxO S Dis t ribut ion.

I nt e rne tSuit e
I nt e rne t , Em ail , ins t antm e s s aging, and m ore ! PCL inuxO S incl ude s Th e M oz il l a Fire f ox W e b Brow s e r and Th unde rbird Em ail Cl ie nt . K ope t e I ns t antM e s s e nge r al l ow s your t o ch atw it h f rie nds on Yah oo, M SN and AI M.

Sw it ch t o PCL inuxO S t oday!!!

Th e curre ntl is tofprogram s on t h e Ful l Edit ion ofPCL inuxO S 0.9 3a can be f ound ath t t p:/ / w w w .pcl inuxos .com / / page .ph p? 13l .

Com pl et e O pe n O f f ice Suit e

PCL inuxO S com e s w it h a com pl et e O pe n O f f ice s uit e f or w ord proce s s ing, s pre ads h e e t s , draw ings and s l ide pre s e nt at ions .

Pack e t W rit in g in PCL in u xO S

by Cl are ol die ack e tw rit ing h as be e n av ail abl e in W indow s ope rat ing s yst em s f or a l ong t im e t h rough t he us e of t h ird part y s oft w are . M y expe rie nce w it h t h is w as probl e m at ic, as ov er t h e ye ars t he f orm at s ch ange d a l it t l e and t h e re w as no back w ard com pat ibil it y. I gue s s t h atis w h ath appe ns w it h proprie t ary f orm at s. A. O pe rat ing Syst e m se t up B. H ard w are se t up C. M e d ia se t up

O pe rat ing S y s t em
To be gin, you m ustinst al l ud ft ool s from t he re pos it ory. Nextyou ne e d t o m ak e s ure t h att he re q uire d m odul e s are l oade d atst art up. Th e s e are not ye tbuil tint ot h e k e rne l , so t h e fil e / et c/ m od prob e .pre l oad ne e ds t o be e dit e d. Go t o K m e nu->Appl icat ions->Fil e Tool s->Fil e M anage r Supe r Use r M od e and l aunch it . Nav igat et ot he / et c dire ct ory and, us ing righ tcl ick w it h t h e m ous e , s e l e ct t o ope n t h e fil e m od prob e .pre l oad w it h an e dit or l ik e K w rit e . Add ud f and pk t cd v d , e ach on it s ow n s e parat el ine , t ot h e fil e , and e ns ure t h e re is an e m pt y

Pack e tw rit ing can be im pl e m e nt e d in PCL inuxO S and is notatal l difficul tt o ach iev e . Th e re is as ye tno 'ov e ral l ' appl icat ion w h ich w oul d h ide t h e w ork ings from a us e r. M aybe s oon t h atw il l ch ange . M e anw h il e t h e s am e re s ul tcan e as il y be ach iev e d by doing t he st e ps s e parat el y yours e l f. Th is docum e ntw il l h el p you do t h is . Th e proce dure is l aid outin t h re e m ain cat e gorie s :

l ine att h e e nd of t h e fil e (t h e orde r is notim port ant ). D on'tch ange anyt h ing e l s e in t h e fil e w h il e you are e dit ing it . Your fil e m igh tl ook s om e t h ing l ik e t h is :

prev ious l y de s cribe d, us ing Fil e M anage r Supe r Use r M od e , nav igat et ot he / et c dire ct ory and ope n fst ab f or e dit ing w it h K w rit e . Add t h is l ine t ot h e fst ab fil e:
/dev/pktcdvd/0 /media/packetcd0 udf noauto,noatime,rw,users 0 0

(If you are v iew ing t h e onl ine v e rs ion of t he PCL inuxO S M agazine , you can copy and past et he abov e int ot h e fil et o prev e ntt yping e rrors .) Sav et h e fil et o e ns ure t h e ch ange s you h av e m ade are pe rm ane nt . Re boott h e com put er t o e ns ure t he m odul e s are l oade d. PCL inux O pe rat ing Syst e m is now s e tup t o us e Pack e tW rit ing. Th e nextst age is t o s e tup t h e h ardw are . Sav et h e fst ab fil e . Itm igh tt h en l ook s om e t h ing l ik e t h is (s e e l ine 12):

H ard w are S e t up
You w il l ne e d a DV D driv e capabl e of burning RW m e dia. M y burne r, a Pione e r 107D , us e s + RW m e dia, s o I h av e notch e ck e d t h is outon -RW m e dia. You w il l al s o ne e d a DV D RW m e dia of 4.7 GB capacit y. First ,t h e opt ical driv e ne e ds t o be s e tup f or pack e t w rit ing s o t h e fst ab fil e ne e ds t o be e dit e d. As Not e : Your / m nt / cd rom l ine s h oul d be s om e t h ing l ik e l ine 13. If you h av e probl e m s w it h fst ab e nt rie s h e l p is av ail abl e on t he f orum . H e re is anot h e r exam pl e of an e nt ry f or an opt ical driv e:

/dev/hdd /mnt/cdrom auto pamconsole,exec,noauto,utf8,codepage=8 50,iocharset=iso8859-1 0 0

burne r w h ich you t ook not e of e arl ie r. Your h ardw are s h oul d now be s e tup f or Pack e tW rit ing. Th atbrings us t ot he t h ird st age of t h e proce s s .

W arning
Itis v it al t h atyou s e l e ctt h e corre ctopt ical driv ef or burning and t ak e not e of it s de t ail s , e .g., / d ev / h da / m nt / cd rom abov e (l ine 13). If you h av e m ore t h an one opt ical dev ice m ak e s ure you s e l e ctt h e corre ct one . You w il l ne e d t o k now t he l ocat ion of your dev ice f or l at e r. Nextyou ne e d t o us e a t e rm inal , s o ope n itand ge t rootpe rm is s ions by t yping su <e nt e r> and t h en t ype in t h e rootpas s w ord. Th e pas s w ord w il l notappe ar on t h e s cre e n f or s e curit y re as ons s o j ustpre s s <e nt e r> aft e r you h av et ype d itin. You s h oul d now h av e s om e t h ing s im il ar t ot h is in t he t e rm inal :
[myname@Pentium ~]$ su Password: [root@Pentium myname]#

M e d ia S e t up
Pl ace a DV D + RW 4.7GB m e dia in t h e burne r and f orm atitus ing K 3b or w h at ev e r burne r you norm al l y us e . L e av et h e m e dia in t h e driv e . O pe n a t e rm inal and ge trootpe rm is s ions as abov e , or us e t h e exist ing t e rm inal if you h av e n'tcl os e d it .T ype or copy & past e t he f ol l ow ing l ine int ot he t e rm inal and pre s s e nt e r:
mkudffs /dev/hd?

Again, ch ange t h e e nt ry t o s uitt he l ocat ion of your burne r (h da, h db, h dc, e t c.). Th is m ak e s t h e m e dia capabl e of pack e tw rit ing. You can expe ctt o s e e an out puts om e t h ing l ik e t h is :
[root@localhost ~]# mkudffs /dev/hda start=0, blocks=16, type=RESERVED start=16, blocks=3, type=VRS start=19, blocks=237, type=USPACE start=256, blocks=1, type=ANCHOR start=257, blocks=16, type=PVDS start=273, blocks=1, type=LVID start=274, blocks=2294573, type=PSPACE start=2294847, blocks=1, type=ANCHOR

Th e '#' s ign indicat es t h atyou h av e rootpe rm is s ions . Nextt ype in (or copy and past e ): pk t se t up 0 / d ev / h d ?<e nt e r> Pl e as e m ak e s ure t h at you ch ange t h e h d ?t ot h e corre ctl ocat ion f or your

start=2294848, blocks=239, type=USPACE start=2295087, blocks=16, type=RVDS start=2295103, blocks=1, type=ANCHOR <pause> [root@localhost ~]#

Not e : Th e re can be a q uit e de l ay att h e <paus e > abov e. Giv e itt im e t o finis h . Ej e ctt h e m e dia and re -ins e rtitagain. If you h av e your de s k t op s e tt o dis pl ay icons t h e n an icon s h oul d appe ar w it h a nam e l ik e L inuxUDF . Att h is pointt h e onl y t h ing on t h e dis k w il l be t h e dire ct ory L ostand F ound . O ne t h ing re m ains t o be done . As t h e m e dia w as f orm at t e d by rootith as pe rm is s ions w h ich onl y al l ow roott o w rit et o it . You m ustnow ch ange t h is . Th is is a one t im e ope rat ion as t h e pe rm is s ions are w rit t en t o t h e dis k . Th e re are m any w ays of ch anging pe rm is s ions on t h e m e dia. (If you are com f ort abl e w it h t h e com m and l ine t h e n itcan be done t h e re us ing t h e ch ow n com m and.) For a new us e r itis probabl y e as ie r t o b rie fl yl og in as rootus e r and righ t cl ick on t h e icon, go t o prope rt ie s , and s e l e ctt he pe rm is s ions t ab. You w il l be pre s e nt e d w it h a s cre e n l ik e t h is : Ch ange t h e pe rm is s ions t o al l ow Group and O t h e rs

t o re ad and w rit et ot h e m e dia. Al so t ick t h e box t o 'Appl y ch ange s t o al l s ubf ol de rs and t h e ir cont e nt s .' Cl ick 'O K ' t o s av et h e ch ange s . L og outof root im m e d iat el y and go back t o your us e r account . Th atis it . You now h av e a DV Dt h atyou can t re atl ik e a fl oppy exce ptm uch l arge r and fast e r. If, w h e n de l et ing fil e s from t h e dis k , you s e nd t h em t ot he W ast e Bin t h e n itm ay be ne ce s s ary t o e m pt yt he W ast e Bin be f ore you can e j e ctt h e dis k . As w it h al l

re m ov abl e m e dia itis good pract is e t o 'unm ount ' and 'e j e ct 't h e m e dia by righ tcl ick ing on t h e de s k t op icon and s e l e ct ing t h e pre f e rre d opt ion. Th is e ns ure s t h at al l w rit e act ions h av e be e n final is e d be f ore t h e m e dia is e j e ct e d. T o do ot h e rw is e coul d re s ul tin corrupt e d/ incom pl et e dat a on t h e m e dia. Pl e as e not et h atI f ound a s ize l im it at ion of 1GB f or any fil e . I coul d e as il y copy l arge ISO fil es t ot h e dis k butw h e n I t rie d an ISO gre at er t h an 1GB (1.2GB) it onl y w rot et h e first1GB and t h e n poppe d up an e rror. H appy s av ing!

And pe opl e h ad s t art edt o cal l f or t h e cops Whent h e y h e ard s l e d nois e s on t h e ir rooft ops . Se cond-h and s m ok e f rom h is pipe h ad h is w ork e rs q uit e f righ t e ne d. H is f ur t rim m e d re d s uitw as cal l edf or t he t oot h. Not h ing t h ats e e m e d t o e m be l l is h a t rut h. And f airy t al e s , w h il e notye tf orbidde n, W e re l ik e K e n and Barbie , be t t e r of fh idde n. For t h e y rais e d t h e h ack l e s oft h os e ps ych ol ogical W h o cl aim e d t h e onl y good gif tw as one e col ogical . No bas e bal l , no f oot bal l ....s om e one coul d ge th urt ; Be s ide s , pl aying s port s e xpos e d k ids t o dirt . Dol l s w e re s aid t o be s e xis t , and s h oul d be pas s e ; And Nint e ndo w oul d rotyour e nt ire brains aw ay. So Sant aj us ts t ood t h e re , dis h e v el e d, pe rpl e xe d; H e coul d notf igure outw h att o do ne xt . H e t rie d t o be m e rry, t rie d t o be gay, Butyou'v e gott o be care f ul w it h t h atw ord t oday. H is s ack w as q uit e e m pt y, l im p t ot h e ground; Not h ing f ul l y acce pt abl e w as t o be f ound. Som e t h ing s pe cial w as ne e de d, a gif tt h ath e m igh t Giv e t o al l w it h outange ring t he l ef tor t h e righ t . A gif tt h atw oul d s at is f y, w it h no inde cis ion, Each group ofpe opl e,ev e ry re l igion; Ev e ry e t h nicit y, e v e ry h ue , Ev e ryone , e v e ryw h e re ...e v e n you. So h e re is t h atgif t , it 's price be yond w ort h ... " M ay you and your l ov e d one s e nj oy Pe ace on Eart h ."

Nigh t Be f ore Ch ris t m as

'Tw as t h e nigh tbe f ore Ch ris t m as and Sant a's a w re ck ... H ow t ol iv e in a w orl dt h at 's pol it ical l y corre ct ? H is w ork e rs no l onge r w oul d ans w e r t o" El v es" , " V e rt ical l y Ch al l e nge d" t h e y w e re cal l ing t h emsel v es. And l abor condit ions att h e Nort h Pol e W e re al l e ge d by t h e union t ost if l e t h e s oul , Four re inde e r h ad v anis h e d, w it h outm uch proprie t y, Re l e as e d t ot h e w il ds by t h e H um ane Socie t y. And e q ual e m pl oym e nth ad m ade itq uit e cl e ar Th atSant a h ad be t t e r notus e j us tre inde e r . So Dance r and Donne r , Com e tand Cupid, W e re re pl ace d w it h 4 pigs , and you k now t h atl ook e d s t upid! Th e runne rs h ad be e n re m ov edf rom h is s l e igh ; Th e rut s w e re t e rm e d dange rous by t h e EPA

(c) H arv e y Eh rl ich , 19 9 2.

NO TI CE: Th is poe m is copyrigh t19 9 2 by H arv e y Eh rl ich . I tis f re e t o dis t ribut e , w it h outch ange s , as l ong as t h is not ice re m ains int act . Al l f ol l ow -ups , re q ue s t s , com m e nt s , q ue s t ions , dis t ribut ion righ t s,et c. s h oul d be m ade t o m duh an@ h us c.h arv ard.e du. H appy H ol idays !!

H ow To Cre at e An U pd at e CD or D VD
by cogD is h e purpos e of t h is docum e ntis t o de m onst rat et h e st e ps inv ol v e d in cre at ing a cust om buil tCD t h atcont ains t h e ne ce s s ary pack age s t o pe rf orm a s yst e m w ide updat e of a .9 2 or .9 3 PCL O S inst al l at ion. Th e m ain int e ntis t o prov ide t h os e us e rs w h o h av el im it e d or no Int e rne t conne ct iv it y, a m e ans t o k eep t h e ir s yst e m s up t o dat e. fast e r, t h e be t t e r) capabl e of boot ing and running a PCL O S .9 2, or .9 3 L iv e CD . 3. Th e com put e r us e d t o cre at et h e Updat e CD m ust h av e s om e t ype of w rit abl e st orage , of s ufficie nts ize , t ot e m poraril y st ore t h e dow nl oade d pack age updat es. Curre nt l y, t h is is approxim at el y 560M B f or a com pl et e updat e of a bas ic .9 2 inst al l or 600M B f or a st andard .9 3 inst al l . Your m il e age m ay v ary, de pe nde ntupon t h e re q uire m e nt s of t h e s yst e m you int e nd t o updat e. Th is st orage can be a w rit abl e part it ion on t h e h ost com put e r, or s om e t ype of ext e rnal st orage dev ice , s uch as a USB h ard driv e , or fl as h driv e. 4. If t h e h ostcom put e r h as a s pare CD RW driv et h at is n'tbe ing occupie d by t he L iv e CD , t h e e nt ire ope rat ion, incl uding t h e burning of t h e act ual Updat e

R e q u ire m e nt s:
1. A l ist ing of t h e inst al l e d pack age s from t he com put er t o be upgrade d. Th is is a t extfil et h atw e w il l cre at e in st e p one , copie d t o a fl oppy, CD RO M , or ot h e r re m ov abl e dev ice , t h atcan be t rans port ed t ot he h ostm ach ine us e d t o cre at et h e Updat e CD . 2. A h ostcom put e r w it h an Int e rne tconne ct ion (t he

CD , can be done from w it h in t he L iv e CD s e s s ion. H ow ev e r, as t he L iv e CD cannotbe re m ov e d during t h e s e s s ion, t he l ack of a s pare burne r w il l re q uire t h at t h e cre at e d arch iv e be m ov ed t o anot h e r PC f or burning, or m ov ed t o a part it ion on t h e h ostcom put er t h atis acce s s ibl e by anot h e r O S capabl e of burning t h e de s ire d dis c.

st e p 2. 2. Boott h e h osts yst e m w it h t h e PCL O S .9 2, or.9 3 L iv e CD . 3. M ountt h e w rit abl e st orage dev ice t h atw il l be us e d t ot e m poraril y st ore t h e dow nl oade d pack age s . Th is can be done w it h Konq ue ror by s e l e ct ing Go > St orage M e dia, and s e l e ct ing t h e part it ion or dev ice , or w it h t h e m ountcom m and. In m y cas e , I h av e a s pare part it ion, / dev / s da5, t h atI w il l m ountm anual l y. In a roott e rm inal exe cut e:
mount /dev/sda5 /mnt/sda5

T h e st e ps :
I'l l de s cribe t h e st e ps inv ol v e d, in orde r, w it h t he com m ands us e d, s uppl e m e nt e d w it h act ual exam pl es from m y ow n s yst e m , w h e re pos s ibl e. 1. Cre at et h e pack age l ist ing on t h e com put e r be ing updat e d. Th e firstst e p is t o cre at e al istof pack age s pre s e nton t h e s yst e m you w is h t o updat e . Th is pack age l istw il l be t ak e n t ot h e h ostcom put e r, w h e re itw il l be l oade d int o Synapt ic. In a t e rm inal , exe cut e t he f ol l ow ing com m and:
rpm -qa ?qf '%{NAME}\n'|sed -e /kernel*/d -e /gpg*/d -e 's/$/ install/'| sort >installed.txt

Th is m ount st h e part it ion int ot h e fil e s yst e m in t he l ocat ion / m nt / s da5, and m ak e s itav ail abl ef or us e . If you us e t h e Konq ue ror m e t h od, pay at t e nt ion t ot he l ocat ion t h e dev ice ge t s m ount e d, as you w il l ne e d t o re f er t o itl at e r. 4. Next , w e ne e d t o re m ov et h e de faul tl ocat ion t h at Synapt ic us e s t o cach e dow nl oade d pack age s . W e cannotus e t h is l ocat ion in t he L iv e CD e nv ironm e nt due t ot he l arge num be r of pack age s t h atm ustbe dow nl oade d. To do t h is , exe cut e in a roott e rm inal t he com m and:
rm -rf /var/cache/apt/archives

Th is w il l cre at e a fil e in your h om e f ol de r cal l ed inst al l e d.t xt . If you ne e d t o pe rf orm t h e s e nextst e ps on anot h e r com put e r, you w il l ne e d t o copy t h is fil et o s om e t ype of re m ov abl e m e dia, and t ak e itw it h you t o

5. Now cre at et h e st orage f ol de rs on t h e st orage dev ice f or Synapt ic t o us e . For t h is , us e t h e com m and:
mkdir -p /path-to your storage device /archives/partial

updat e s (f or .9 2) or "os t exst ar updat e s 9 3" (f or any .9 3 v e rs ion.) Not e : If t h e s yst e m you w is h t o updat e h as h ad any pack age s inst al l e d from t h e unst abl e s e ct ion, you s h oul d add itaft e r "os t exst ar updat e s " or "os t exst ar updat e s 9 3" in t h e s e ct ions box, s o t h os e pack age s w il l be updat e d al s o. Cl ick "ok ay" t ol e av et h e dial og. From t h e Se t t ings m e nu, s e l e ctPre f e re nce s , t h e n on t h e Te m porary Fil es Tab, ch e ck t h e box t h atcorre s ponds t o "l e av e al l dow nl oads in cach e ." Cl ick "ok ay" t o exitt h e dial og. Cl ick t h e Re l oad but t on t o updat et h e pack age l ist ings . Se l e ct"Re ad M ark ings " from t h e Fil e m e nu, and point t h e dial og t ot h e inst al l e d.t xtfil e you brough tw it h you. Th is w il l l oad t h e pack age l ist . Cl ick Appl y. In t h e s um m ary dial og, ch e ck t h e box t h ats ays "dow nl oad fil e s onl y." Cl ick Appl y (in t h e dial og), and t h e dow nl oading of pack age fil e s w il l com m e nce . D e pe nde ntupon conne ct ion s pe e d, t h is coul dt ak e s om e t im e t o com pl et e . O nce com pl et e d, any addit ional pack age s t h atyou w oul dl ik e t o be incl ude d in t h e Updat e CD can be m ark e d and dow nl oade d as w el l .J ustpay at t e nt ion t ot h e capacit y of your m e dia. 8. O nce t h e dow nl oads h av e com pl et e d, cre at et he dire ct ory st ruct ure of t h e updat e CD . Us e t he com m and:

In t h is exam pl e , in a roott e rm inal exe cut e:

mkdir -p /mnt/sda5/archives/partial

6. Now cre at e al ink t ot h e st orage f ol de rs , in t h e pl ace t h atSynapt ic expe ct st o find it . For t h is us e t he com m and:
ln -s /path_to_your_storage_device/archives /var/cache/apt/archives

Th e exam pl el ook s l ik e t h is : As root :

ln -s /mnt/sda5/archives /var/cache/apt/archives

7. Next , m ountt h e m e dia t h atcont ains your "inst al l e d.t xt " fil e . Th e n st artSynapt ic, and if prom pt ed t o updat e your re pos it orie s , s e l e ctcance l . From Synapt ic's s e t t ings m e nu, s e l e ctre pos it orie s . M ak e s ure t h atibibl io, or one of it s m irrors is s e l e ct ed (onl y one ), and t h att h e s e ct ions box re ads "os t exst ar

mkdir -p /path_to_your_storage_device/pclinuxos /2006/RPMS.uucd

cd /path_to_your_storage_device/pclinuxos /2006/RPMS.uucd

Exam pl e , as root :
mkdir -p /mnt/sda5/pclinuxos/2006/RPMS.uucd

In t h e exam pl e , as root :
cd /mnt/sda5/pclinuxos/2006/RPMS.uucd

BIG NO TE: Th e R PM S f ol de r nam e m ustbe in uppe rcas e , and h av e an ext e ns ion. Any ext e ns ion w il l do, butw it h outit ,t h e ge nbas e dir com m and you w il l run in st e p 9 w il l fail . 9 . Next , copy t h e dow nl oade d fil e s from Synapt ic's cach e , t ot h e new l y cre at e d dire ct ory st ruct ure . Us e t h is com m and:
cp -v /path_to_your_storage_device/archives/ *.rpm /path_to_your_storage_device /pclinuxos /2006 /RPMS.uucd

O nce t h e re , buil dt h e pack age l ist sf or Synapt ic t o us e . As root , from w it h in t h e R PM S f ol de r, w e e nt er t he f ol l ow ing com m and:
genbasedir --flat --bz2only -progress /mnt/sda5/pclinuxos/2006

In t h e exam pl e , as root :
cp -v /mnt/sda5/archives/*.rpm /mnt/sda5/pclinuxos/2006/RPMS.uucd

11. Th atis it . If you h av e a s pare burne r t h atis not be ing us e d by t he L iv e CD , you can fire -up K 3B and burn t he / pcl inuxos f ol de r and al l itcont ains t o dis c. If not , you w il l ne e d t o re boott h e m ach ine w it h anot h er inst al l ed O S t h ath as acce s s t ot h e st orage part it ion, and burn itt h e re , or m igrat et he f ol de r t o anot h er m ach ine t h ath as t h is capabil it y. If you us e d a re m ov abl e st orage dev ice , t h e n you can unpl ug itand t ak e itw it h you. O nce t h e Updat e CD h as be e n cre at e d, you can us e Synapt ic t o inst al l it s cont e nt s . St artSynapt ic on t he m ach ine you w is h t o upgrade , and dis abl et h e on-l ine re pos it orie s . From t h e EditM e nu, s e l e ct"Add CD -

10. Nav igat et ot h e R PM S.uucd f ol de r, us ing t he com m and:

RO M ." W h e n prom pt e d, ins e rtt h e Updat e CD in t he driv e and cl ick ok ay. A dial og w il l appe ar as k ing you t o giv et h e dis c a nam e . Cal l itanyt h ing you w ant . O nce itis l oade d, cl ick M ark al l Upgrade s and appl y, and w it h in a m at t e r of m inut e s your m ach ine w il l be ful l y updat e d. Itis adv is e d t h atyou re bootaft er updat ing, as m any crit ical s yst e m pack age s w il l be inst al l e d in t h is proce s s , and t h ey ne e d t h e ch ance t o be re l oade d. If you w is h t o h av et h e e nt ire re pos it ory on h and, w e can burn a "s naps h ot "t o e it h e r a dual l aye r, or 2 s ingl el aye r DV D s . W e 'l l cov er t h atnext .

and t h e abil it yt o dow nl oad and st ore upw ards of 5GB of dat a. 2. Th e abil it yt o burn e it h e r a D ual l aye r (pre f e rre d), or Singl eL aye r DV D.

T h e St e ps :
1. Cre at e a w ork ing dire ct ory. You w il l ne e d t o cre at e af ol de r t o st ore t h e dow nl oade d fil e s , in a pl ace t h at you h av e w rit e acce s s t o. For exam pl e purpos e s , w e w il l as s um e t h atyour us e rnam e is bil l ybob, and you w antt o cre at e af ol de r cal l e d pcl os m irror in your h om e dire ct ory. In a t e rm inal , exe cut et he f ol l ow ing com m and:
mkdir /home/billybob/pclosmirror

H ow T o Cre at e An PCL OS DV D S y n apt ic R e pos it ory (s naps h ot ) Pu rpos e :

Th e purpos e of t h is docum e ntis t o de s cribe t h e st e ps ne ce s s ary t o cre at e a com pl et e PCL O S Re pos it ory on DV D, f or t h e purpos e s of upgrading and/ or inst al l ing addit ional s oft w are on PCL O S us e rs ' m ach ine s t h at h av el im it e d, or no Int e rne tconne ct iv it y.

R e q u ire m e nt s:
1. A L inux m ach ine w it h a fastInt e rne tconne ct ion

2. Copy t h e aptre pos it ory from ib ib l io t o your w ork ing dire ct ory. For t h is w e w il l us e rs ync. R s ync w il l cre at e an exactm irror of t h e PCL O S apt re pos it ory. Th e firstt im e you run t h e com m and, itw il l dow nl oad approxim at el y 5GB of dat a! D e pe nding upon t h e s pe e d of your Int e rne tconne ct ion, t h is can t ak e q uit e s om e t im e . I ge ne ral l yl e titrun ov e rnigh t . Th e s e rv er l oad s h oul d be l e s s att h is t im e . O nce you h av e run t h is com m and t h e firstt im e , on s ubs e q ue nt at t e m pt s , itw il l onl y dow nl oad t h os e fil es t h ath av e

ch ange d s ince t he l astt im e itw as run. Th is m ak e s m aint aining a curre ntre pos it ory fairl y q uick , and re duce s bandw idt h us age . Th e f ol l ow ing code excl ude s t h e expe rim e nt al (exp) s e ct ion as w e l l as t he s ource s , from t rans f e r. If you w is h t o incl ude t h os e , re m ov et h e --excl ude opt ions from t h e com m and st ring. Be aw are of t h e e ff e ctt h atadding t h ese s e ct ions w il l h av e on your re pos it ory s ize ! Exe cut et he f ol l ow ing com m and in a t e rm inal :
rsync -av --progress --delete -exclude=RPMS.exp/ --exclude=SRPM*/ distro.ibiblio.org::texstar/pclinuxos/ apt/ /home/billybob/pclosmirror

re pos it orie s from t h e Se t t ings m e nu, t h en sel e ct"Add CD -RO M " from t h e Editm e nu. Putyour dis c in t he driv e , cl ick O k ay, and giv et h e dis c a nam e w h e n prom pt e d. Itcan be any nam e you w is h . Th e dis c w il l l oad, and you w il l be abl et o upgrade , or inst al l new pack age s w it h no Int e rne t conne ct iv it y re q uire d. Big Not e : Th is dis c w il l incl ude t h e .9 2 or .9 3 re pos it orie s , and t h e unst abl e s e ct ions , unl ess t h ey w e re expl icit l y excl ude d w it h t h e rs ync com m and st ring. If you do not w is h t o us e pack age s from t h ese t w o s e ct ions , t h en you M UST re m ov et he l ist ings in Synapt ic. To do t h is , sel e ctre pos it orie s from t h e set t ings m e nu, h igh l igh t t he l ine pe rt aining t o your DV D re pos it ory, and re m ov e 9 3 and unst abl e from t h e s e ct ions box. 4. If you cannotb urn a DLDisc: You w il l ne e d t o us e t w o s ingl el aye r dis cs and s pl itup t h e re pos it ory fil e s , as t h ey are t oo big t o fiton one SLD is c. I find t h is e as ie stt o do from w it h in K 3B it sel f. To cre at et he firstdis c, as in st e p 3 abov e , st arta new DATA DV D Proj e ctw it h K 3B. D rag and drop t he / pcl inuxos f ol de r from your w ork ing dire ct ory int ot h e cre at ion w indow . You w il l not ice t h e indicat or bar t urning re d, indicat ing t h e dat a you h av e sel e ct e d is t oo l arge t o fit on t h e s ingl e s ide d m e dia. Th atis ok ay, as w e are going t o re m ov e s om e t h ings . In t he l e fth and pane of t h e cre at ion w indow , dril l dow n in t h e dire ct ory t re e unt il t h e cont e nt s of t h e 2004 f ol de r are v is ibl e. Re m ov e al l of t he / R PM S f ol de rs EXCEPT / R PM S.os .

3. Burning a Dual L aye r DV D: If you h av et he capabil it y of burning a D ual L aye r DV D (D L ), t h en fire up K 3B and st arta new DATA DV D s e s s ion. R igh tcl ick att h e bot t om of t h e K 3B w indow and sel e ct8.0 GB from t h e M e dia t ype m e nu. Th e n, s im pl y drag t he / pcl inuxos f ol de r and al l of it s cont e nt st ot h e cre at ion w indow . Th is f ol de r w il l be in t h e rootof t h e w ork ing dire ct ory you cre at e d in st e p 1. Burn ata m ode rat e s pe e d (4-6x), and s e l e ct"v e rify w rit t e n dat a." W h e n finis h e d, you w il l h av ea com pl et e PCL O S re pos it ory m irror, on dis c, t h atcan be us e d w it h Synapt ic. Sim pl y st artSynapt ic, dis abl e your on-l ine

Th e n, ope n t he / bas e f ol de r, and re m ov e al l fil es EXCEPT t h os e pe rt aining t ot h e os s e ct ion. You w il l w antt o k eep t he f ol l ow ing fil e s onl y: re l e as e , re l e as e .os , pk gl ist .os .bz2, and s rcl ist .os .bz2. Th e n, burn t h e proj e ctand l abe l t h e dis c DV D1 f or fut ure re f e re nce . T o cre at e D is c 2, w e re pe att h e prev ious proce s s of dragging t he / pcl inuxos f ol de r t ot h e DV D cre at ion w indow . Th e n re m ov et he / R PM S.os f ol de r from / 2004 and t h e fil e s : re l e as e .os , pk gl ist .os .bz2, and s rcl ist .os .bz2 from t he / bas e f ol de r. Burn t h e dis c and l abe l itDV D 2. St artSynapt ic, dis abl e your on-l ine re pos it orie s and sel e ct"Add CD -RO M " from t h e e ditm e nu. Ins e rt DV D 1 and nam e itDV D 1 w h e n prom pt e d. Synapt ic w il l as k if you w is h t o add anot h e r D is c. Se l e ctye s , t h e n ins e rtDV D 2. Nam e itDV D 2 w h e n prom pt e d. You are now re ady t o updat e or inst al l new pack age s . Synapt ic w il l copy your s e l e ct e d pack age s from dis c, and prom ptyou w h e n itne e ds fil e s from t h e dis c t h at is notin t h e driv e . Again s e e t h e prev ious Big Not e. Th e .9 3 and unst abl e s e ct ions w il l be on DV D 2 in t h is cas e . Th atis al l t h e re is t o do. W h e t h e r you onl y w antt o k e e p your s yst e m updat e d, or h av et h e com pl et e PCL O S re pos it ory on h and, you now h av e ev e ryt h ing

you ne e d. W h ata nice w ay t o bring in t h e new ye ar!

T h e Bl e e d ing O b v iou s
Be l ie v edt o be in t h e publ ic dom ain

Cus t om e r: " I re ce iv edt h e s of t w are updat e you s e nt , butI am st il l ge t t ing t h e s am e e rror m e s s age ." Te ch Support :" Did you ins t al l t h e updat e? " Cus t om e r: " No. O h , am I s uppos e d t o ins t al l itt o ge titt o w ork ? " Cus t om e r: " I 'm h av ing t roubl e ins t al l ing M icros of tW ord." Te ch Support :" T el l m e w h atyou'v e done ." Cus t om e r: " It ype d 'A:SETUP'." Te ch Support :" M a'am , re m ov e t h e dis k and t el l m e w h atit s ays ." Cus t om e r: " I ts ays '[PC m anuf act ure r] Re s t ore and Re cov e ry dis k '." Te ch Support :" I ns e rtt h e M S W ord s e t up dis k ." Cus t om e r: " W h at ? " Te ch Support :" Did you buy M S w ord? " Cus t om e r: " No..." Cus t om e r: " I 'm t h ink ing aboutw rit ing a book on t h e probl ems I 'm h av ing w it h S3 V ide o cards and W arp and..." (bl ah , bl ah , bl ah , e t c.) Te ch Support :" W h ate xact l y is your probl em? " Cus t om e r: " I 'v e dow nl oade d t he v ide o driv e rs f or t he PS/ V P's w it h t h e S3 ch ips e t , and t h e y w on'tw ork on m y m ach ine ." Te ch Support :" H av e you gota PS/ V P s ir? " Cus t om e r: " Wel l ...no."

I W as A L in u x- e r Be fore L in u x E xis t ed
by D av id (ak a R av e D av e) rav el age nt s are inde e d h e l pful pe opl e, t h ey can s e l l you a t ick e tf or a t rip t o al m ost anyw h e re , butt h ey can'ts e l l you one f or your j ourney int oL inux. prom is e d s o m uch , and ye tdid s o v e ry l it t l e . Som e h ow I k new t h atI w ant e d m ore - m ore funct ions , m ore ch oice s , m ore ev e ryt h ing. I w as l ik e poor O l iv er T w ist , "Pl e as e , s ir, m ay I h av e s om e m ore ...? " ButI re ce iv ed t h e s am e ans w e r as O l iv e r. In 19 87, L inus Torv al ds h ad notye tm ade h is ow n "l it t l e program " t o us e at h om e , be caus e h e coul d notaff ord t o buy a copy of M inix. Butm y j ourney be gan t h e re , outof D O S, int o W indow s , and w h atI w ant e d, t h e M ore Ev e ryt h ing, w h et h e r itt h e n exist e d or not , w as a us e r-us abl e , PCfrie ndl y, L inux. Som e j ourneys go ne it h e r as pl anne d, nor ev e n as w is h e d f or. O h , t h e re w e re int e re st ing, ev e n prom is ing, w ay point s : W indow s 3.0, re l e as e d t oo e arl y - and w h e re h av e you h e ard t h atbe f ore ? It s s ucce s s or, W indow s 3.1, w as s ort -of, ne arl y-al m ost , w h atBil l

Th atis a t ick e tw h ich can onl y be s e l f-is s ue d. As w it h any j ourney, you ne e d a re as on t o m ak e it , s om ew h e re t ot rav el from , and a de st inat ion atw h ich t o arriv e. Som e pe opl el ik e t h ings q uit e w el l e nough w h e re t h ey are , and s e e no re as on t o m ov e on. O t h e rs are t h e m ore re st l ess t ype s , bore d by l im it e d s am e ne s s , frust rat e d by re st rict ions , s o t h att h ey are draw n t o s e e k w ide r expe rie nce s , m ore ch al l e nge s , m ore ch oice s , m ore ev e ryt h ing, ev e n be f ore t h ey k now t h att h e re is re al l ya m ore , atal l . I w as a L inux-e r be f ore L inux exist e d. Atl e astI w as in t h e Era of W indow s -2.0, 19 87, w h ich

Gat e s h ad prom is e d in t he l at e 19 80s : "A new W indow s , w it h pre t t y pict ure s , m ov ing pict ure s , a new us e r expe rie nce , as good as a M ac - butunde r h al ft he price !" Th at , aft er t h e h iccup of W indow s 3.0, and t he h urrie d re l e as e of 3.1, m igh th av e am us e d t h e M ac fans , butitw as n'tact ual l y "As good as a M ac." W indow s w as v e ry far from t h at , and itst il l is . W indow s 9 5, w it h it s W indow s 9 8 and 9 8SE upgrade s , didn'tdo it , e it h e r. ButI k e pton w it h W indow s , e age rl y aw ait ing ev e ry fanfare d new innov at ion , t o s e e if t h atw oul d atl asth av et h e M ore Ev e ryt h ing. Al ong t he j ourney, due t o a s h oul de r inj ury t h atm e antI coul d no l onge r do h e av yl ift ing, and s o coul d notcont inue as a s e m i-t rail e r ope rat or, I ne e de d a ch ange of care e r. I h ad no bus ine s s or t rade s s k il l s , s o, w h att o do next ? T ot urn a h obby int oaj ob seem ed t o be a pos s ibil it y, s o I re t raine d as , atfirst ,a Com put e r As s e m bl e r, t h e n as a Te ch As s ist ant . Next , I w ork e d in an as s e m bl y s h op, t h e n as a w ork s h op and front -count e r as s ist antin s uburban PC de al e rs h ips . Th e re I w as int roduce d t ot h e ide a t h atPC O w ne rs are t h e Sh e e p. W h ath appe ns t o Sh e e p, ne e ds no re m inde r. Aft e r q uit e s om e t im e , I w as abl et o obt ain "prope r" Te ch nician Ce rt ificat ion, Com pTIA's A+ , onl yt o h av e e m pl oye rs st at e , w h e n I dis pl aye d it , "O h , t h at 's Am e rican, itdoe s n'tappl y h e re !" w h e n I t h ough titw oul d ge tm e a l it t l e m ore pay. Act ual l y, it

is re cognis e d in t h e Aust ral ian IT Indust ry - j ustt h atit se l e ct iv el y is not , by s uburban de al e rs h ip ow ne rs w h o don'tw antt o pay Trad e s l ev el w age s . Butitw as , atl e ast , an "O h , you'v e done t h atone , h av e you? " h el p in ge t t ing w ork . So I did ge tq uit e an int e re st ing ins igh tint ot h e PC s ide of t h e Indust ry, and int ot h e indust ry's al l -t oo-com m on t re at m e ntof t he us e rs , bringing t h e ir ail ing W indow s PCs in f or t roubl e s h oot ing and re pairs . O r t h e at t it ude s t ak e n w it h t h os e w ant ing a PC buil t ,t o a price , or f or a purpos e , or ev e n, t h e "L at e stand Be stof Ev e ryt h ing, m at e !" from t h e one s w it h de e pe r w al l et s . Sadl y, and oft e n, w e w e re note nt ire l yt rut h ful w it h b e st , or ev en "Ful l y ade q uat ef or your ne e ds , M s / Sir." Be caus e t h os e PCs , w h at ev er t h e price s , w e re nev er t h e "be stof ev e ryt h ing". Th ey w e re W indow s PCs , 9 5s , 9 8s , 9 8SEs , ev en t h e int e rim M E-gap-fil l e rs . Th en, of course, cam e our Bil l 's one-pl at f orm dream , as 9 x finish ed, and NT escaped t h e confines of t he com m ercial net w ork s, and ont ot h e XP -PCs of an unsuspect ing w orl d. M ore? O f ev eryt h ing? Notev en h al fw ay-nearl y. Ch ange t h e desk t op graph ics, enl arge t he fil e sizes t h atare m anageabl e, giv e ita l otm ore processor and RAM , and an XP -PC is W in9 8SE on st eroids. Not v ery good st eroids att h at , from t h e user side, atl east .F or m e, W indow s began in t h e 19 80s, and ended in M arch , 2000, w it h W indow s 9 8SE2, t he l astof re al 9 x. Th e l ast

PC-de s igne d O / S from M icros oft . NT w as nev e r W indow s t o m e , and unt il t he adv e rt is ing f or t h e new l y innov at e d NT-4, itw as n'tt o M icros ofte it h e r. In fact ,t h e M icros oftPre s s Te ch M anual s (pl ural f or ye ars ), ins ist ed t h atNT w as n'tt o be de pl oye d int ot h e dom e st ic e nv ironm e nt . Oh ,t h ey did t h e be stt h ey coul d, w it h w h att h ey h ad, s ortof. And l ong ago, Bil l 's prom is e did inde e d putW indow s 3.x PCs int o m il l ions of h om e s . Th ate st abl is h e d t he us e r-bas e of w h atis now w e l l ov e r 9 0% of t h e W e st e rn W orl d's PCs . A re m ark abl e ach iev e m e nt ,t o h av e ov er h al f a bil l ion us e rs q uit e conv ince d t h att h e ir PC h as t h e "Ev e ryt h ing," and doe s "Ev e ryt h ing," t h ata H om e Com put e r coul d pos s ibl y do. W h e n itdoe s not ,t h atis . So ov er h al f-a-bil l ion users can be w rong, w it h outof course, al m ostal l h av ing t h e firstcl ue t h att h ey j ust m igh tbe. M any are as yetunaw are t h atm y w il d-m addream of t h e 19 80s h as final l y com e t rue. "M ore Funct ions - M ore Ch oices - M ore Ev eryt h ing," h as real l y arriv ed. Ush ered in by an el egant l yt uxed penguin, ev en t h e "m ore-ch oices", h as "m ore ch oices." Th ere is cert ainl y no sh ort age of L inux dist ros t h atcan be run on a h om e com put er. Th e user dil em m a now , is w h ich "M ore Funct ions," and w h ich "M ore Ev eryt h ing," do t h ey w antw it h t h eir "M ore Ch oices," of dist ros.

PCL inu xO S 0 .9 3a Ju nior

T e xs t ar announce d t h e re l e as e ofPCL inuxO S 0.9 3a Junior on Augus t9 , 2006 PCL inuxO S 0.9 3a Junior w as t h e ne xts t e p up f rom M iniM e . Junioir com e s w it h j us tt h e bas ic de s k t op al l ow ing f ul l us e r cus t om iz at ion. PCL inuxO S 0.9 3a Junior is a s e l fboot ing L iv e CD w it h adv ance d h ardw are de t e ct ion. I n addit ion t o running Junior in L iv e CD m ode , you can al s o ins t al l itt o your com put er . Eas y t o f ol l ow ins t ruct ions are incl ude d on t he L iv e CD as w e l l as a ch at ch anne l f or ins t anth e l p. Junior com e s w it h a s e tofpre -s e l e ct e d program s f or W e b Brow s ing, Em ail ,I ns t antM e s s aging, Bl ogging, I RC ch at , M us ic, Graph ics , V ide o (addit ional s of t w are re q uire d f or e ncrypt e d DV D pl ayback and proprie t ary f orm at s ), Digit al Cam e ra, Gam e s , Ft p, Bitt orre ntt rans f er , CD/ DV D burning and m ore . I fyou are f irs tt im e L inux us e r or s om e one m igrat ing f rom W indow s t h e n PCL inuxO S 0.9 3a Junior is a gre atw ay t o ge t st art e d us ing L inux. Af t e r ins t al l ing PCL inuxO S t o your com put er , you can acce s s an addit ional 5000 program s and l ibrarie s f rom our f re e s of t w are re pos it ory. Th e curre ntl is tofprogram s on Junior can be f ound at ht t p:/ / w w w .pcl inuxos .com / / page .ph p? 12l .

L in u x U s e r s O w e M icros oft
by brit brian Pl ace : IT Pl anning room at : New h am Council , M unich Cit y, Brist ol Cit y, M adrid Cit y, Se oul Cit y, e t c. Ch airm an: W e l l com m it t ee, t h ank s f or t h e m e m be rs ' inputand a big t h ank you t ot h e O SS f e as ibil it y st udy group. O SS st ud y group: O ur pl e as ure ch airm an. Ch airm an: W h atare t raining cost s? Ch airm an: So your concl us ion is , t o m igrat e al l of our de part m e nt al s e rv e rs exce ptt h e W indow s Exch ange s e rv er t oL inux;m igrat e non t e ch nical st aff de s k t ops t o ubum do & O pe nO ffice and m igrat e ev e ryone 's e m ail from O ut l ook t o Ev ol ut ion. O SS st ud y group: Um h t h at 's Ubunt u. O SS st ud y group: Act ual l y aboutt h e s am e as w h e n m ov ing t o M S's new e stproduct s ev e ry 3 ye ars or s o, butL inux de s k t op & O pe nO ffice t raining is a one t im e ev e nt . D oor fl ings ope n Ch airm an: Ubunt u O K , and t h is m igrat ion w il l be st age d ov e r 16 m ont h s , corre ct ? O SS st ud y group: Ye s , firstt h e IT st aff w il l m igrat e so t h ey w il l be abl et ot rain t h e st aff, t h en t he l e ast t e ch nical st aff m ov ing on t ow ard m ore s pe cial ize d st aff.

Bal l m e r: Excus e m e , l e tm e cat ch m y bre at h , h h h ... h h h , h h h h h , h e re j ustgotoff t h e pl ane , O K ? Ch airm an: You are ? Bal l m e r: St ev e Bal l m e r, CEO of M icros oft . Ch airm an: W e l com e t o our fair cit y M r. Bal l m e r;w e w e re n'texpe ct ing you, pl e as e t ak e a s e at . Bal l m e r: W e l l I'v e be e n fl ying a l otl at el y, h av e n'th ad t im e t of orm al ize v is it s . Anyw ay, s urpris e !! Ch airm an: D o you h av e s om e t h ing t o cont ribut e? Bal l m e r: W e l l ye s , w e atM icros ofth av e com e t o acce ptt h e im port ance of int e rope rabil it y be t w een W indow s and L inux, s o w e h av e acce pt e d a w onde rful opport unit y from Nov el l t o w ork t oge t h e r. W e w oul d l ik e t o off e r you v ouch e rs f or Nov el l Sus e de s k t ops f or av e ry fair... Ch airm an: Excus e m e , M r Bal l m e r, butw e h av ea v e ry good re com m e ndat ion t o us e Abundo, w h atis Sooz? Bal l m e r: Sus e is a L EGALL inux t h atre s pe ct s our IP , i.e ., our INTEL L ECTUALPRO PERTY w h e re as Unbundo st e al s our IP and robs us of our h ard w ork

and innov at ions . Ch airm an: Th at sv e ry int e re st ing, s o Sooz can do ev e ryt h ing t h atAbundo can do? Bal l m e r: Abs ol ut el y, itcan l e gal l y exch ange docum e nt s w it h t h e STANDAR D O ffice doc f orm at ;it can l e gal l y pl ay m ul t im e dia us ing M icros oftm e dia f orm at s-l e gal l y. Ch airm an: You s aid l e gal l yt w ice . Bal l m e r: O h ye s , w e l l W E ow n t h e INTEL L ECTUAL PRO PERTIES in t h os e ot h er L inux one s . Ch airm an: Spe cifical l y? Bal l m e r: W e l l t h e re 's t oo m any t o m e nt ion, butj ustt o ge tst art e d, w e inv e nt ed t h e 3 but t on m ous e , s o al l de s k t op m e nus us ing t h e m iddl e & righ tbut t on v iol at e our IP and al l L inux's do copy our m ous e innov at ions . O SS st ud y group: H m m , M r Bal l m e r is confus ing t he L inux k e rne l w it h t h e Desk t op Env ironm e nt ? Ch airm an: W aita m inut e , I'm t al k ing t o M r Bal l m e r. So L inux h as m ous e IP v iol at ions ? Bal l m e r: Ye s and t h at sj ustt h e be ginning. You s e e w e

inv e nt e d ev e ryt h ing t o do w it h W indow s , and L inux s im pl y copie d ital l . Th e dev el ope rs and dist ribut ors h av e n'tpaid us f or our IP . So w e h av e ge ne rous l y agre e d t o h el p Nov el l outof t h is l e gal difficul t y by prom ot ing t h e ir Sus e dist ribut ion t h atTH EY FUL L Y O W N. W e propos e f or fiv e ye ars nott o s ue Sus e us e rs , butw e are ope n t o ot h e r dist ribut ors j oining our ge ne rous off e r. O t h e rw is e w e w il l be obl ige d t o our s h are h ol de rs t o s e e k financial re m e dy from al l t he com m e rcial dist ribut ions STEAL ING O UR IP . O SS st ud y group: Uh m m M r Ch airm an, M icros oftis t rying t o... Ch airm an: So M r Bal l m e r, Sus e is w h atyou re com m e nd? Bal l m e r: Ye s , t h e n you w il l h av e ful l int e rope rabil it y w it h W indow s t h atj ustw ork s . Ch airm an: O K , w e w il l acce ptyour re com m e ndat ion and us e Sus e . Bal l m e r: Th e n in fiv e ye ars , t h e agre e m e ntw il l e nd and you w il l be abl et o upgrade t oV ist a and O ffice 12 t h atj ustw ork s . Ch airm an: W oul d w e s av e m oney by st aying w it h W indow s ?

Bal l m e r: O f cours e , l et 's t al k de t ail s priv at el y. Ch airm an: M e e t ing is adj ourne d, t h e cit y of ... t h ank s t h e O SS st udy group and al l t h os e w h o h av e cont ribut ed t ot h is product iv e m eet ing. W e w il l upgrade t o W indow s V ist a.

Pl ea f or H e l p
Th e PCL inuxO S H ardw are Dat abas e proj e ct ne e ds your h e l p. For t h os e w h o m ay notk now , t h is dat abas e is be ing de v el ope d t o m ak e it e as ie r f or PCL O S us e rs t o de t e rm ine in adv ance h ow w e l l a pie ce ofh ardw are w ork s w it h PCL O S. I tt ak e s a l otofw ork t o s ortt h rough al l t h e pos s ibl e h ardw are and de v el op s uch a w e al t h ofinf orm at ion int o us abl e f orm . Jm iah m an pos t e d re ce nt l yt h ath e w as not re ce iv ing m uch inf orm at ion f rom t h e com m unit y. Pl e as e t ak e a m om e ntand v is itt h e s it e and prov ide w h atinf orm at ion you can re garding your h ardw are . W e al l w il l be ne f itin t he l ong run. Th ank you.

Gu id e t oI n st al l in g D iab l oI IL O D w it h PCL in u xO S an d W in e
by M is fit 138

v e n if you don'trun L O D (L ord of D e st ruct ion), you m ay find t h is guide h as s om e us e ful point e rs f or W ine in ge ne ral , and ol de r gam e s .

Th e gam e runs v el v et y s m oot h on m y new e r m ach ine , ev e n be t t er t h an in W indow s . H ardw are : EPoX EP9 NP A+ Ul t ra x2 3800 2gigs R AM eV GA 7600gt Crum m y ol d dum pst e r-div ing Com paq S700 CRT m onit or Al s o w ork s q uit e w el l in 2D m ode on:

Th is q uick guide is as s um ing t h atyou h av e W ine inst al l ed t h rough Synapt ic (or apt -ge t ), t h atitis v e rs ion 0.9 .23, you are running PCL inuxO S 0.9 3, are us ing Al s a, and h av e your proprie t ary 3D v ide o driv e rs inst al l e d. If you h av e no 3D driv e rs , t h e 'nv " driv e rs s h oul d w ork w it h Nv idia cards , and t h e gam e s h oul d w ork in 2D m ode , if you f ol l ow t h ese inst ruct ions . I h av e al s o inst al l e d on t h e Int el 810 onboard v ide o ch ips e t , w it h 100% s ucce s s , in 2D m ode onl y.

Com paq Pre s ario Ce l e ron 733 256M B R AM Int el 810 onboard v ide o Crum m y ol d dum pst e r-div ing Com paq S50 CRT m onit or St e p 1. L aunch W ine 's configurat ion t ool . St e p 2. Cl ick on t h e graph ics t ab. Enabl e de s k t op doubl e buff e ring, al l ow t h e w indow m anage r t o cont rol t h e w indow s , and e m ul at e av irt ual de s k t op at 800x600 re s ol ut ion. Unch e ck pixe l s h ade r s upportand s crol l dow n t ov e rt ex s h ade r s upport . Ch oos e "NO NE," t h e n cl ick appl y. (Not e , if you cannots e e t he "appl y" but t on, you are probabl y at800x600 re s ol ut ion on your 't rue ' de s k t op. J usth ol d dow n t he al t -k ey and cl ick on t h e configurat ion w indow t o m ov e itup a bit , s o you can cl ick it ) St e p 3. Cl ick on t h e appl icat ions t ab. Scrol l t o W indow s v e rs ion, ch oos e "W indow s XP ," and cl ick appl y. St e p 4. Cl ick on t h e Audio t ab and ch oos e AL SA, unch e ck O SS. St e p 5. Th is is pe rh aps t h e m ostim port antst e p. Ch ange your PCL inuxO S D e s k t op re s ol ut ion t o

800x600. Th is can be done by righ t -cl ick ing on t he de s k t op and ch oos ing 'configure de s k t op'. Scrol l dow n t o "dis pl ay". If 800x600 is notav ail abl e, t h e n you m uste dityour / et c/ X11/ xorg.conf fil et o al l ow 800x600 re s ol ut ion. (W AR NING: If you fail t o ch ange your de s k t op re s ol ut ion t o 800x600, W ine w il l cras h during a pat ch updat e , as itw il l fail t o be abl et o com m unicat e w it h your v ide o card and you w il l ge tan e rror m e s s age st at ing t h att h e pat ch arch iv e is corrupt . Th e inst al l w il l be unus abl e att h is point .) St e p 6. H av e s om e coff ee, t ak e a bre ak . Re ad s om e M ark T w ain, re ad t h e Ge nt oo inst al l m anual . W e w il l be inst al l ing t h e gam e in 2D m ode , us ing v irt ual de s k t op. "W h y," you as k ? Th e ans w e r is a bite l us iv e, h ow ev e r, m y be stgue s s is t h att h e original v e rs ion of t h e gam e onl y s upport s 640x480, and W ine h as a h ard t im e com m unicat ing w it h t he v ide o card w h e n your t rue de s k t op re s ol ut ion is abov e 800x600. O nl y aft er you h av e upgrade d t ot he L ord of D e st ruct ion Expans ion Pack , w il l you be abl et o ge tt h e gam e t o h av e 800x600 s upport ,t h en t he v irt ual de s k t op w il l be at800x600, your t rue de s k t op can t h e n be s e tt o 1024x768. You m ay t h e n dis abl et he v irt ual de s k t op opt ion and pl ay t h e gam e in ful l s cre e n m ode ! Next , w e can e nabl ev e rt ex and pixe l s h ade r s upport , and 3D . You m ay expe rim e ntatyour l e is ure w it h v arious de s k t op and v irt ual de s k t op re s ol ut ions , (AFTER TH E INITIALINSTAL L ! ) butt he f ol l ow ing st e ps

are k now n t o w ork w it h m y h ardw are . Not e , if t he de s k t op re s ol ut ion is at1024x768, W ine w il l cras h during t h e pat ch inst al l and you are st uck ! I cannot st re s s t h is e nough ! St e p 7. Inst al l t h e 'ful l ' bas e v e rs ion of t h e gam e (1550M B) t h rough t h e W ine fil e m anage r, from v irt ual driv e D . Re gist e r, or re ad t h e re adm e if you w is h . (Itdoe s a body good, and s om ew h e re a baby dol ph in die s if you don't .) Run t he v ide o t e st . Ignore t h e re com m e ndat ion and ch oos e t h e 2D driv e r. St e p 8. L aunch t h e gam e in s ingl e pl aye r m ode t o m ak e s ure you are ge t t ing v ide o. Run around a l it t l et o m ak e s ure you do notfre e ze . St ep 9 . L aunch Bat t l e ne t . Th e gam e w il l de t e ctt h e re is a new e r v e rs ion and w il l pat ch you up t ot he l at e st v e rs ion. If you f ol l ow e d m y inst ruct ions , t h e n you s h oul d s e e a progre s s bar during t h e pat ch inst al l at ion proce s s be caus e W ine w as abl et o s h utoff your 2D v ide o. You can st op h e re and e nj oy your new 2D inst al l t h rough L inux! W h atis be t t er t h an t h is ? (W e l l , 3D I gue s s .) St e p 10. If you purch as e d t he L O D expans ion, inst al l itnow , and l aunch bat t l e ne tonce m ore . Again you w il l be pat ch e d up t ot he l at e stv e rs ion. St e p 11. Go int o s ingl e pl aye r m ode and h itt h e "e s c"

k ey f or opt ions / v ide o. Ch oos e 800x600, appl y, and exit . (Not et h at3D pe rs pe ct iv e is unav ail abl e .) St e p 12. Run a v ide o t e stt h rough w ine / st art / program s / diabl o II/ v ide o t e st . Sk ip t he t e st and ch oos e 3d driv e r. St e p 12 . Run t h e W ine configurat ion t ool and ch oos e v e rt ex and pixe l s h ade r s upportunde r t he v ide o t ab. St e p 13. If you are f eel ing l uck y, re st artt h e gam e and you w il l not ice t h atunde r v ide o opt ions , 3D pe rs pe ct iv e is now av ail abl e! Now t h atyou are done , you m ay us e up t o 1024x768 re s ol ut ion f or your PCL inuxO S D e s k t op, and t he inst al l w il l st il l w ork . I h av e nott e st e d abov et h at re s ol ut ion. You m ay al s o w antt o dis abl et he v irt ual de s k t op opt ion in t h e W ine configurat ion t ool att h is point . Th is yie l ds t h e m ostre al ist ic pl aying expe rie nce , as t h e gam e w il l t rul y be ful l s cre e n. You can al so l aunch t h e gam e from a t e rm inal ,t h rough K D M , and pl ay in ful l s cre e n m ode ! J uste nt er t he com m and: w ine 'c:\Program Fil e s \D iabl o II\D iabl o II.exe ' (exact l y as t ype d, att h e com m and l ine .) Th is opt ion al s o w ork s be t t er f or ol de r m ach ine s w it h 256M B R AM , t h e gam e w il l run q uit e s m oot hl y.

H ow To I n st al l Program s From Source Cod e

by m w ananch i n PCL inuxO S, itis st rongl y adv is e d t o inst al l program s onl y from t h e official re pos it orie s t h rough Synapt ic, and us e rs are adv is e d t o l ook t h e re firstf or program s t h ey w ant . If a program is n'tt h e re , itcan be re q ue st e d on t h e m ain PCL inuxO S f orum in t h e re q ue sts e ct ion. Som e t im e s , inst al l ing program s from s ource m ay be a m ore de s irabl e opt ion t h an t h e prev ious t w o, and t h is is a t ut orial on h ow t o do t h at . Inst al l ing a program from s ource is a 3 st age proce s s . st age . If a s yst e m fail st o m e e tt h e re q uire m e nt ,t he s criptw il l st op w it h an e rror m e s s age s pe cifying w h at re q uire m e ntw as n'tm e t . Synapt ic s h oul d be t h e first pl ace t o go l ook f or t h e m is s ing program , l ibrary, e t c. O ft e n, w h atis ne e de d is t h e dev el opm e ntpack age of t h e program ;dev el opm e ntpack age nam e s us ual l y e nd w it h "dev ." If a --prefix opt ion is notpas s e d t ot h e s cript , m osts cript s w il l us e /usr/local, butot h e rs w il l us e /usr. For t h e s ak e of cons ist e ncy, itis ge ne ral l y adv is e d t o pas s t h is opt ion. Itis a conv e nt ion in L inux t o inst al l pe rs onal program s in /usr/local, and t o h av et h e one s be ing m anage d by t h e dist ro, in /usr. Th is e ns ure s pe rs onal program s / v e rs ions can coexist w it h t h e one s be ing m anage d by t h e dist ro (t h rough Synapt ic).

R u nning a conf igu rat ion s cript

In t h is st age , a program ch e ck s t o s e e if t h e s yst em m eet s al l of t h e program 's re q uire m e nt s and s om e ot h e r, s yst e m -s pe cific v ariabl e s . A cust om inst al l can be buil tby pas s ing v arious opt ions t ot h e s criptatt h is

Som e program s w il l h av e al istof program s t h atm ust be inst al l ed f or t h e configure st age t o pas s s ucce s s ful l y. Itm igh tbe a good ide a t o ch e ck t he re q uire m e nt s be f ore running t h e configure s cript . Th is w il l al l ow you t o av oid t h e annoyance s of h av ing t o m e e te ach re q uire m e nt , one ata t im e (oft e n re f e rre d t o as de pe nde ncy h e l l ). Som e program s w il l h av ea re adm e fil e w it h t h e s ource code ;itis a good ide a t o re ad t h is fil e first , be f ore doing anyt h ing, as itm ay cont ain s pe cific inst ruct ions . Th e h e l p opt ion (./configure --help) m igh tprov ide ot h er us e ful opt ions , if a cust om inst al l at ion is de s irabl e.

M ak e ins t al l
Th e l astst age is t h e inst al l at ion of t h e program (as s um ing t h e prev ious st age s pas s e d s ucce s s ful l y). At t h is st age , t h e binarie s m ade in t h e prev ious st age are pl ace d in t h e appropriat e pl ace s in your s yst e m and ne ce s s ary ch ange s are m ade t o m ak e t h e m run. Desk t op icons , e nt rie s t ot h e m e nu, and fil e as s ociat ion e nt rie s are notm ade ;t h e s e m ustbe done m anual l y. Th e s e 3 st age s can be done st e p by st e p or al l atonce . From ins ide t he f ol de r cont aining s ource code of t he program t o be inst al l e d, pre s s "F4" t ol aunch a t e rm inal ,t h en t ype : ./configure -prefix=/usr/local (not et h e dotatt he be ginning). W h e n t h at 's done , t ype : make t o buil dt he program . Final l y, t ype : su -c make install t o inst al l t h e program . Th is l astst age w il l prom ptyou f or a rootpas s w ord (as s um ing you are notrootal re ady). Th os e 3 st age s can be com bine d int o a s ingl el ine w it h t h is com m and: su -c "./configure -prefix=/usr/local ; make ; make install" if you are notroot , or j ustw it h: ./configure --prefix=/usr/local ; make ; make install if you are .

M ak e
In t h is st e p, t h e s ource code of t h e program (us ual l y in t extf orm at ) is t rans l at ed t o m ach ine code (binary f orm at). Th is st age is us ual l yt he l onge st(itcoul dt ak e a coupl e of m inut e s , or m any h ours f or l arge appl icat ions ). Th e m ak e program w il l bail outatt he firsts ign of t roubl e and, if you don'tw antt o go t h rough t h e s ource code t o corre ctt he t roubl e yours e l f, I w oul d s ugge styou j ustde l et et h e program and f orge taboutit . Th e n you coul d exe rcis e your opt ion t o re q ue stt h e pack age in t h e re q ue sts e ct ion of t he f orum .

U nins t al l ing t h e program

Th e program can be uninst al l e d w it h : make uninstall from ins ide t h e program 's s ource code . Th is com m and m ustbe is s ue d w it h rootpriv il e ge s .

in W indow s , w il l be inst al l e d in /usr/local/lib. D ocum e nt at ion fil e s , icons , im age s , and ot h er ne ce s s ary fil e s us ual l y go in /usr/local/share. Gl obal program v ariabl e s w il l us ual l y go in t he / et c f ol de r.

U se f ul com m and s t o k now

which program_name Th is com m and w il l re t urn t h e ful l pat h of program _ nam e t h atw il l be exe cut e d w h e n any program j ustcal l s "program _ nam e ." whereis program_name Th is com m and w il l re t urn ful l pat h s of al l "program _ nam e " inst al l e d on a s yst em . Th e s e t w o are us e ful if m ore t h an one v e rs ion of t he program is inst al l e d in a s yst em .

T h e Bl e e d ing O b v iou s
Be l ie v edt o be in t h e publ ic dom ain

Th e re w as a re al l y angry us e r w h o cal l e d, s aying t he com pany w as @ #$ !# and it s product s w e re !@ #$ @ , and T e ch Supportw as @ #$ *! t oo. H e s aid h e bough tt h e ir graph ics card, and itdidn'tw ork , and w h att h e @& $ !# w as s om e one going t o do aboutitbe f ore h e s ue d t h e ir l ying but t . H e didn'tact ual l y h av e t h e product . " I 'v e bough ta s t ol e n CDD3610 w h ich didn'tcom e w it h any s of t w are or cabl e s . Coul d you pl e as e s e nd t h att o m e ?I pre s um e I do h av e t he f ul l 12 m ont h s w arrant y? " Cus t om e r: " I w oul dl ik e t o pl ace an orde r ." Te ch Support :" Unf ort unat el y, w e are unabl e t ot ak e orde rs ov e rt h e ph one . Al l orde rs m us tbe pl ace d on our w e b s it e ." Cus t om e r: " W e b s it e? " Te ch Support :" You ne e d acce s s t o a com put e rt h at 's conne ct edt ot he I nt e rne tin orde r t ov is itour I nt e rne ts it e and pl ace an orde r ." Cus t om e r: " W h e re is t h e com put e r? " Te ch Support :" ..."

Int e re s t ing not es

If t h e --prefix=/usr/local opt ion is pas s e d t o t h e configure s cript , binary fil e s (or exe cut abl e s ), ak a .exe in W indow s , w il l be pl ace d in /usr/local/bin. Sh are d l ibrarie s (.s o), ak a .D L L

Scre e n s h ot You r Scre e n s av er

by Tim Robins on s aw a postin t h e PCL inuxO S f orum , as k ing if t h e re is a s im pl e w ay t o grab a s cre e ns h ot w h il e a s cre e ns av e r is running. H e re 's h ow t o

do t h at : R igh tcl ick a bl ank are a on your de s k t op and s e l e ct "Configure D e s k t op." Se tyour s cre e ns av er t o com e on in 1 m inut e or l ess. O pe n K Snaps h otand configure itt o s naps h ott he e nt ire s cre e n, and s e tit s de l ay t o s om e t h ing l onge r t h an t h e s cre e ns av e r de l ay (s e e s cre e ns h oton l e ft ). Be s ure t o sel e ct"Ful l Scre e n." Cl ick t h e New Snaps h ot but t on. W ait . Th e s cre e ns av e r w il l com e up, and aft er t he de l ay, K Snaps h otw il l grab a copy of w h at 's on s cre e n.

If you pre f e r, s e tt h e K Snaps h otde l ay t o w h at ev e r you l ik e , and t h e n, aft e r pre s s ing t h e "New Snaps h ot " but t on on t h e configure s cre e ns av e r dial og, cl ick t he "t e st " but t on t o st artt h e s cre e ns av e r. A f ew s e conds l at er t h e s cre e ns h otw il l be m ade and you can pre s s Es c t o st op t h e s cre e ns av er t e st .

Are you a h appy PCL inuxO S us e r?W oul d you h e l p m ak e PCL inuxO S be t t e r?

Adv e rt is e m e nt :

DO NATI ON
http://www.pclinuxos.com/page.php?1

Cons ide r a

T h e Bl e e d ing O b v iou s
Be l ie v edt o be in t h e publ ic dom ain

A h augh t y cal l e rt ot h e Cl aris W ork s cue be gan h aranguing t h e m aboutt h e Cl aris W ork s s h e 'd j us tbough t .Whenher t irade abat e d e nough f or t hem t o as k a f e w probing q ue s t ions , s h e e xpl aine d t h att h e box prom is e d a w ord proce s s or , butt h e re w as n'tone ins ide . I as k e d h e r t o ins e rt t h e dis k f rom t h e box int o h e r com put er . Cus t om e r: " Com put e r?I don'th av e a com put e r!" T e ch Support :" M a'am , Cl aris W ork s re q uire s a com put er ." From h e re , s h e be cam e irat e . Sh e dragge d in t wol ev el s of s upe rv is ors , s e v e ral l aw ye rs , l at er . No one e v e rl augh e d and al w ays m aint aine d a prof e s s ional de m e anor . Th e cus t om e r is al w ays righ t .

O nce back in K Snaps h ot , s av et h e s naps h ot s om ew h e re (itw il l be s av e d as a .png fil e ) or t el l K Snaps h ott o pl ace iton t h e cl ipboard s o you can ins e rtitint o a docum e ntof your ch oice .

A w om an w al k e d int ot h e room and cam e up t ot h e de s k m ark e d " CO M PUTER H EL P DESK " w it h com put e rs on it , one ofw h ich w as be ing us e d by a cus t om e r s e rv ice pe rs on. " Excus e m e ," s h e as k e d. " Do you k now anyt h ing about com put e rs ? "

D e sk t op Ch an ge s
by Rodney Adk ins tone t im e w e w e re al l "new bie s ." M ak ing t he t rans it ion from W indow s t o PCL inuxO S is nota gre atl e ap. M ost pe opl e w oul d find t h e de s k t op on PCL inuxO S as s im pl et o us e as any in M S W indow s . Unl ik e W indow s , w h e re you cannotch ange or cust om is e t h ings v e ry m uch , t h e re are a l otof opt ions in PCL inuxO S t h atcan be ch ange d t o m ak e your de s k t op f eel com pl et el y yours .

de s k t op. NextI ope ne d K D E Cont rol Ce nt e r, cl ick e d on "L ook NFe e l ," cl ick e d "Be h av iour," and cl e are d t he box w it h "Sh ow icons on de s k t op." Th is cl e are d al l my icons off t h e de s k t op and gav emet he f eel t h atI l ik e .

O ne of t he t h ings I l ik e t o do w h e n I l ook ata new dist ro, is ge tunde r t h e 'h ood' and s e e h ow m uch I can ch ange t h ings t omyl ik ing. O ne of t h e adv ant age s f or m e , is t h atPCL inuxO S al l ow s m e t o ch ange al m ost anyt h ing I w is h . Pe rs onal l y, I do notl ik e any icons on t h e de s k t op, s o t h e firstt h ing I did w h e n I h ad PCL inuxO S up and running, w as t o drag and drop t he t ras h can int ot he t as k bar att h e bot t om of t h e s cre e n. Th is gav eme acce s s t ot he t ras h can and al l ow e d m e t o ge titoff t he

Pl aying in t h e K D E Cont rol Ce nt e r, I s oon f ound t h atI coul d ch ange t he l ook and f eel of t h e m e nu, and h ow it w ork e d. O ne of t h e m ostannoying part s of W indow s f or m e , w as t h e factyou h ad t o go t o "St art "t o s h ut dow n t h e com put e r. I w as pl e as ant l y s urpris e d in L inux, e s pe cial l y w it h PCL inuxO S, w h e n I f ound t h at I did notne e d t he l aunch but t on atal l . St il l in "Be h av iour," unde r "M ous e But t on Act ions ," you w il l find an are a f or t he l e ft , m iddl e , and righ tm ous e but t ons . Unde r t he l e ftm ous e but t on, ch ange its o t he ch oice is "Appl icat ion M e nu." W h att h atal l ow s you t o do is go t ot he t as k bar, re m ov et he L aunch Icon, and you can now l aunch your m e nu by cl ick ing any are a of t h e de s k t op. I h av e got t e n s o us e d t ot h is m e t h od of l aunch ing t h e m e nu, t h atw h e n I w ork on a com put er t h atdoe s notrun PCL inuxO S, I h av et o st op and t h ink h ow t ol aunch t h e m e nu! In K D E Cont rol Ce nt e r you can al s o ch ange t h e col ors of t h e m e nu, and t he l ook of your program . J ustgo t o "Col ors " and ch ange t h ings , t o ge tt h e 'l ook ' you w ant . Al s o, you can ch ange t he f onts ize and f ontt ype unde r Font s . Pe rs onal l y, I dow ns ize d t he f ont st o 12, and on m y m e nu I pre f e r a s ize 10 V e rdana f ontf or a cl e ane r l ook . O ne t h ing I re al l yl ik e aboutPCL inuxO S is w h e n I cl ick on "Pane l s " in t h e K D E Cont rol Ce nt e r, ital l ow s met o do s om e t h ings t h atW indow s nev e r did. I can

now ch ange t h e Tas k bar t o h ow I w antitt ol ook and re act .

As you can s e e in t h e pict ure abov e , I h av e s h ort e ne d t he l e ngt h of t h e Tas k bar t o 1%, and ch ange d t he h e igh tt o 'Tiny'. To ce nt er t h e Tas k bar, I cl ick e d on t he m iddl e bot t om but t on. By cl ick ing on t h e "H iding Tab," you w il l find t h atyou h av e ch oice s of h ow t o h ide t he t as k bar t oo. I ch os e t o h av e m ine h ide im m e diat el y. Th e n I cl ick e d on "R ais e W h e n Th e Point e r Touch e s ," and ch os e t h e bot t om e dge of t he s cre e n. I al s o ch ange d t h e s ize of t h e m e nu by cl ick ing on t he

"M e nus " t ab. Unde r "M e nu It e m Form at ," I cl ick e d 'Nam e O nl y' and ch os e t ol e av e "Side Im age " s h ow ing. Il ik e t o h av e as s m al l and com pacta m e nu as pos s ibl e, so t h e onl yt h ing I l e ftcl ick e d in t he "O pt ional M e nu" w as 'Find'. Unde r t h e "Quick Brow s e r" m e nu I unch e ck e d t h e box and ch ange d t he num be r t o 1. Unde r t h e "Quick St art " m e nu I ch os e 0. If you cl ick t h e "Adv ance d" t ab you w il l find a s e ct ion on "Pane l Back ground." Cl ick "Enabl e Trans pare ncy," cl ick on "Adv ance d," and a pop up w indow w il l appe ar t h ats h ow s a s l ide bar. Sl ide itt o "M in. Tint Am ount ". Th e Tas k bar is now t rans pare nt . Pe rs onal l yI l ik e t he t rans pare ntl ook . To m ak e t h e m e nu s om ew h at t rans pare ntt o m at ch t h e Tas k bar, cl ick on "St yl e ". Unde r "W idge tSt yl e " ch oos e "Pl ast ic." Cl ick t he "Eff e ct s" t ab. Unde r "M e nu e ff e ct " ch ange itt o "M ak e Trans l uce nt ". Enabl e "M e nu D rop Sh adow ". Se l e ct"Soft w are Tint " unde r 'M e nu t rans l uce ncy t ype ' and ch ange t h e 'M e nu opacit y' t o your pre f e re nce . For m e , around 82% w as e nough . Unde r "Syst e m Not ificat ion" you can t urn off or on t h e s yst e m not ificat ions t h atyou l ik e , or w antt o h e ar. Unde r "Tas k bar" m ak e s ure itis s e tf or "Trans pare ncy." By pl aying w it h t h e ot h e r opt ions in t h e K D E Cont rol Ce nt er , l ik e "Th e m e M anage r," "W indow Be h av iour" and ot h e rs , you can m ak e PCL inuxO S l ook and f eel your ow n. D on'tbe afraid t o ge tin t h e re and t ry t h ings , not h ing w il l bre ak . Th e one t h ing I pe rs onal l y w oul d notact iv at e in t h e K D E Cont rol Ce nt e r righ t now is "Trans l uce ncy", w h ich can be f ound unde r "W indow Be h av iour". M y adv ice is t ol e av et h at f e at ure off. I h av ef ound itis notye tpe rf e ct e d and seem s t o m ak e m y s yst e m a bitunst abl e . Now t h att he K D E Cont rol Ce nt e r funct ions h av e be e n expl aine d a l it t l e , you can h av e fun expl oring and ch anging t he de s k t op t o s uityour ne e ds .

Th e Sim pl e stW ay To R ip Au d io CD s
by l ak ics v h ad be e n us ing v arious program s t o rip CD s t o M P3 or O gg, unt il I s aw t he f ol l ow ing t ip (t h is bl ew m e aw ay w it h it s s im pl icit y): A) Ins e rtyour audio CD B) O pe n Konq ue ror C) T ype audiocd:/in t h e addre s s l ine of Konq ue ror and h ite nt er D ) You w il l be pre s e nt e d w it h a num be r of (v irt ual ) f ol de rs cal l e d O gg V orbis , M P3, FL AC e t c. pl us s om e .w avfil e s out s ide t he f ol de rs . E) If you w antM P3s , j ustcl ick on t h e M P3 f ol de r and drag t h e appropriat e fil e s (M P3s from your CD t rack s ) t o your de s k t op or a f ol de r you cre at ed s om ew h e re in your h om e dire ct ory. Encoding is done on t h e fl y as Konq ue ror copie s your fil es. You can cust om ize t h e ripping param e t e rs in t h e KDE cont rol ce nt e r. Th e fil e nam e s w il l appe ar w it h CD D B inf orm at ion aut om at ical l y (if t h e CD is f ound).

Cre at in g A D O S Boot D is k e t t e
by Cl are ol die

Int ro
Th e re h as be e n a l otof int e re stl at el y in ol de r com put e r h ardw are . Al l t h e ol de r com put e rs I h av e cont ain a fl oppy dis k driv e . Be s ide s h av ing fil es arch iv ed t o fl oppy, I al s o us e s om e D O S ut il it ie s at t im e s . Th e purpos e of t h is art icl e is t o de s cribe h ow t o cre at e a D O S fl oppy bootdis k e t t e , from w it h in PCL inuxO S, t o w h ich you can add s m al l ut il it ie s de s igne d t o w ork from D O S. Such t ool s as Syst em Anal ys e r (h t t p:/ / w w w .s ys anal ys e r.com / ) or a BIO S upgrade can be us e d in t h is fas h ion. M ostus e rs w il l h av e an ol d M S bootdis k e t t e around s om ew h e re , but t h e s e are us ual l y ful l and ot h e r ut il it ie s cannotbe adde d w it h outde l et ing s om e t h ing. In t h is exe rcis e w e w il l cre at e a D O S bootdis k e t t e us ing "fre e " s oft w are .

Me t h od
Th e firstt h ing t o do is acq uire a fl oppy im age fil e. You can dow nl oad a s uit abl e one from w w w .fdos .org/ boot dis k s / . For t h is exe rcis e , t h e zippe d fil e FD O EM .144.im z is s uit abl e . Cre at e a dire ct ory cal l e d "boot dis k " on your de s k t op. D ow nl oad FD O EM .144.im z int ot h e "boot dis k " dire ct ory. Us ing Ark , ext ractt h e fil e FD O EM .144 from FD O EM .144.im z t o /home/<your_user_name>/desktop/bootdisk. Next , pl ace a fl oppy dis k e t t e in t h e fl oppy driv e and w it h outm ount ing it , righ tcl ick on t h e fl oppy icon (on your de s k t op) and f orm atitas Prim ary, 3.5 inch 1.44 M B, D O S, us ing Ful l Form at . Giv e ita l abe l if you w is h . Itis a good ide a t ov e rify t h e int e grit y of t he dis k e t t e al s o.

Pl e as e be aw are t h atal l prev ious cont e ntof t h e fl oppy w il l be irre t riev abl yl ostw h e n you do t h is . So now w e h av e a pre pare d fl oppy dis k e t t e and a boot im age f or it . Th e nextj ob is t o "burn" t h e im age t ot he fl oppy. As w it h boot abl e CD s , itis nots ufficie ntt o copy t h e fil et ot h e m e dia. T o "burn" t h e im age , ope n Fil e M anage r-Supe r Use r M od e and nav igat et ot he dire ct ory cont aining t h e fl oppy bootim age fil e FD O EM .144. Se l e ctTool s -> O pe n Te rm inal and a t e rm inal w il l ope n w it h rootpriv il e ge s . Be care ful w h atyou t ype in h e re as any inst ruct ion you inputw il l be carrie d out , ev e n if itm e ans de st roying t he ope rat ing s yst e m . W it h t h e unm ount e d fl oppy in t he driv e, t ype in t he f ol l ow ing and finis h by pre s s ing t he 'e nt e r' k ey
dd if=FDOEM.144 of=/dev/fd0

your com put e r, w it h t h e BIO S s e tt o boott h e fl oppy first ,t o ch e ck t h atal l is O K . If itis , you s h oul d be gre e t e d w it h t h e A> prom ptaft e r boot ing. Al l t h at re m ains is t o re -bootw it h t h e fl oppy ext ract e d, and w h e n in PCL inuxO S you can add w h at ev er program / ut il it y you w is h t ot h e fl oppy, f or us e t h e next t im e you bootit .

PCL inu xO S M iniM e 0 .9 3a

T e xs t ar announce d on Augus t9 , 2006 t h e av ail abil it y of PCL inuxO S 0.9 3a M iniM e f or dow nl oad. PCL inuxO S M iniM e 0.9 3a is t h e m inim al v e rs ion ofour L iv e CD f or t h os e w h o j us tw anta bas ic de s k t op w it h outt h e bl oat al l ow ing f or f ul l us e r cus t om iz at ion. Sim pl y putt h e CD int o your CD or DV D driv e and run itin l iv e m ode w it h oute v e rt ouch ing anyt h ing on your com put er .I n addit ion t ot he L iv e CD m ode you can al s o s av e your ch ange s t o a us b k e y dis k . PCL inuxO S M iniM e can be ins t al l edt o your com put e r by s im pl y cl ick ing on t h e ins t al l icon on t h e de s k t op and us ing t h e e as y t o f ol l ow ins t ruct ions prov ide d you l ik e PCL inuxO S and itruns w e l l on your com put er . Af t e r h ard driv e ins t al l at ion, you can acce s s ov e r 5000 program s t of ul l y cus t om iz e your de s k t op t h e w ay YO U w ant . PCL inuxO S M iniM e com e s w it h t he l at e s t2.6.16.27 k e rne l ,a bas ic K DE 3.5.3 de s k t op, CD I ns t al l er , Synapt ic Sof t w are M anage r and Cont rol Ce nt er .

Be aw are t h atL inux is cas e s e ns it iv e , s o be s ure t o t ype t h e fil e nam e exact l y as itis s av e d on your s yst e m . If your fl oppy driv e is m ount e d ats om ew h e re ot h er t h an / dev / fd0, t h e n us e w h atis s uit abl ef or your s yst e m , in it s pl ace . Th is com m and s h oul d caus e t h e fl oppy t o be w rit t en t o. Itw il l t ak e a f ew m inut es t o com pl et e , s o giv e it t im e and w aitf or t h e prom ptt o re -appe ar. You s h oul d now h av e a boot abl e fl oppy and I s ugge styou re -boot

mkl iv e cd Bu g Fix
by Cl are ol die nt he l astre l e as e of PCL inuxO S (.9 3a) a bug be cam e appare ntaft e r s om e us e rs fail ed t o cre at e re m ast e rs of t h e ir inst al l , w it h t he out puts h ow ing a s e rie s of =========. Th is onl y aff e ct e d us e rs w it h s e parat e /home part it ions and cons e q ue nt l y w as notdis cov e re d f or s om e t im e . Th e fix is re l at iv el y s im pl e , re q uiring an e ditof t he mklivecd fil e. Det ail s on h ow t o im pl e m e ntt h is are giv e n be l ow .

pre f e rre d e dit or. In t he V iew m e nu of K w rit e e nabl e Sh ow L ine Num b e rs . Th is w il l pl ace l ine num be rs in frontof e ach l ine of t h e fil e . Th e e ditre q uire s you t o re m ov e -mount from t h re e l ocat ions . In t urn s crol l t o l ine s 734, 739 and 750 and re m ov et h e -mount part of t he l ine . Be s ure t o de l et et h e as w e l l as mount. Sav et h e fil e . You s h oul d be good t o re m ast e r your inst al l at ion now . Th e l ine s are l ist e d be l ow w it h t he part st o be re m ov e d in re d (be s ure al so t o re m ov et he s pace f ol l ow ing -mount).
(734) type d do_cmd("(find $o_root -mount -

As us e r go t o K m e nu -> Appl icat ions -> Fil e Tool s and l aunch Fil e M anage r Supe r Use r M od e . Nav igat et o /usr/sbin/ dire ct ory and righ tcl ick on t h e mklivecd fil e . Se l e ctCopy and t h e n righ t cl ick in t h e pane (butnoton a fil e ) and s e l e ctPast e Fil e . Se l e ctCh oose New Nam e and s av et h e fil e; mklivecd.bkp m igh tbe a good ch oice . Th e original fil e is s av e d w it h t h e new nam e in cas e of m is h ap and w il l al l ow you t o re st ore itif ne ce s s ary. Go back t ot h e original mklivecd fil e and righ t cl ick ;ch oos e O pe n W it h and s e l e ctK W rit e or your

(739) do_cmd("(find $o_root -mount type f 2>/dev/null | sed -e 's,^$o_root,/,g' | grep '$ex' | sed (750) my @files = qx(find $o_root -mount -type f 2>/dev/null);

Part it ion Tab l es E x pl ain e d

by h ank urt any pe opl e h av e difficul t y unde rst anding h ow t h e part it ion t abl e on t h e ir h ard driv e w ork s . Th e m ast e r bootre cord (M BR ) cont ains t h e part it ion t abl e , w h ich cont ains t he l ocat ion of up t of our prim ary part it ions on t h e dis k . O ne prim ary part it ion m ay be de s ignat e d as a l ogical part it ion, al l ow ing an ope rat ing s yst em t ot re att h at prim ary part it ion as any num be r of l ogical part it ions . W e w il l notdis cus s l ogical part it ioning in t h is art icl e. Th e inf orm at ion f or e ach part it ion is 16 byt es l ong (e ach byt e is us ual l y s h ow n as a pair of h ex digit s , e .g. 0f). 0001b0 00 00 00 00 00 04 07 c9 00 00 80 01 0001c0 01 00 06 0f ff 00 b1 45 0f 00 00 00 0001d0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0001e0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0001f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa 00 00 00 48 e0 3f 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

H e re 's a t ypical part it ion t abl e e nt ry.

Th e re is onl y one part it ion on t h is driv e , and t he inf orm at ion t h atde s cribe s itis ataddre s s 0x01be t o 0x01cd ( t h e re d num be rs in t he t abl e abov e ). If t h e re

w e re m ore , t h e s e cond part it ion's dat a w oul d be t h os e s h ow n in gre e n, t he t h ird part it ion in purpl e , and t he f ourt h part it ion in brow n. I'l l copy t h os e num be rs f or t h e s ingl e part it ion be l ow , and col or code t h em f or e as ie r re f e re nce . 80 01 01 00 06 0f ff e0 3f 00 00 00 b1 45 0f 00 Th e firsth ex num be r (re d) giv es t w o pie ce s of inf orm at ion. If itis 00, t h en t h e part it ion is nott he act iv e part it ion ( doe s notcont ain t h e bootl oade r ). If itis 80 or gre at e r, as in t h e exam pl e, t h is m e ans itis t h e act iv e ( boot abl e ) part it ion. O nl y one part it ion can be m ark e d as act iv e . Th e s e cond pie ce of inf orm at ion appl ie s t o fixe d dis k s . If t h e firstfixe d dis k cont ains t h e act iv e part it ion, t h is num be r w il l be 80. If itw e re t h e s e cond fixe d dis k , t h is num be r w oul d be 81, and s o on. Th e re are t w o w ays t h att he l ocat ion of t h e part it ion is s pe cifie d in t h e part it ion t abl e e nt ry. Th e firstis t he Cyl inde r H e ads Se ct ors m e t h od (CH S). Th e t h re e l igh t bl ue num be rs (01 01 00) s pe cify t h e CH S l ocat ion w h e re t h e part it ion be gins , and t he t h re e dark bl ue num be rs (0f ff e 0) s pe cify w h e re ite nds . Se ct ors are t h e s m al l e stunitof s pace and cyl inde rs are t he l arge st unitof s pace . O r t o putitanot h e r w ay, t h e re are s o m any s e ct ors pe r h e ad, and s o m any h e ads pe r cyl inde r ( t h is is im port antw h e n you t ry t o do m at h

w it h t h ese v al ue s ). Now t o ext ractt h e act ual v al ue s from t h e h ex num be rs abov e . Sorry, butt h is ge t st rick y, and I don'tk now if I can expl ain itw e l l . Th e H e ads v al ue is e as y, itis t he v al ue of t h e firstbyt e and can be from 0 t o 255 (de cim al ). To ge tt h e ot h er t wo v al ue s , w e h av et o conv e rtt h e h ex num be rs t o binary. Th e Se ct ors num be r is t he l ow e r s ix bit s of t h e s e cond byt e and can h av e av al ue from 1 t o 63. T o ge tt h e Cyl inde rs v al ue , we t ak e t h e re m aining t w o bit s from t h e s e cond byt e and add t h em t ot h e h igh e nd of t h e bit s from t he t h ird byt e . Th e s e 10 bit s al l ow f or a cyl inde r v al ue from 0 t o 1023. I w il l de m onst rat e w it h t h e CH S v al ue s from t he exam pl e.

Part it ion S t art in g L ocat ion

1st Byte 01 01 2nd Byte 01 3rd Byte 00 Head 1 Bytes

00000001 00000000 converted to bits XX000001 Sector 1 00-----> 00000000 0000000000 Cylinder 0

Part it ion End ing L ocat ion

1st Byte 0f 0f 2nd Byte ff 3rd Byte e0 Head 15 Bytes

11111111 11100000 converted to bits XX111111 Sector 63 11-----> 11100000 1111100000 Cylinder 992

t h e part it ion t abl e e nt ry. Th e s e byt e s giv et he l ocat ion of t h e part it ion by count ing t h e num be r of s e ct ors from t h e st artof t h e dis k , w h ich is m uch s im pl e r. Th e f our byt e s in gre e n (3f 00 00 00) giv et h e num be r of s e ct ors be f ore t h e part it ion, and t he f ol l ow ing f our byt e s (b1 45 0f 00) giv et he l e ngt h of t h e part it ion. 80 01 01 00 06 0f ff e0 3f 00 00 00 b1 45 0f 00 W e h av et o k now j ustone t h ing t o int e rpre tt h ese byt e s . Th ey are in "l it t l e e ndian" orde r. Th is m e ans t h att he l ow e st"pl ace v al ue " is h e l d by t h e firstbyt e. So t o us e t h em l ik e w e us e ordinary num be rs , w e j ust h av et o rev e rs e t h e orde r of t h e byt e s . So 3f 00 00 00 be com e s 0000003f and b1 45 0f 00 be com e s 000f45b1. Now w e can conv e rtt h e s e num be rs t o de cim al . Th is t el l s us t h att h e re are 63 s e ct ors be f ore t h e part it ion be gins att h e 64t h s e ct or, and itis 1000881 s e ct ors l ong. Th us t h e part it ion e nds ats e ct or 10009 44. Not ice t h att h is is t h e s am e re s ul tw e got w it h t h e CH S m at h.

Since a part it ion al w ays e nds on a cyl inde r boundary, w e can t el l t h att h e driv e ge om e t ry is 63 s e ct ors pe r h e ad and 16 h e ads pe r Cyl inde r (count ing h e ad 0). So t h e part it ion be gins on t h e firsts e ct or of t h e s e cond h e ad ( re m e m be r h e ad 0 ) on t h e firstcyl inde r. Since t h e re are 63 s e ct ors pe r h e ad, t h e part it ion be gins on t h e 64t h s e ct or. To s e e w h ich s e ct or t h e part it ion e nds on, w e w oul d m ul t ipl y 9 9 3 cyl inde rs ( re m e m be r t h e re is a cyl inde r 0 ) t im e s 16 h e ads t im e s 63 s e ct ors . Th is giv e s us 1009 44. Th e Cyl inde r H e ad Se ct or m e t h od onl y w ork s on driv e s up t o 8 gigabyt e s be caus e t h atis t h e m axim um s ize t h atcan be s pe cifie d w it h t he t h re e byt e s . To ge t around t h is , a s e cond m e t h od of s pe cifying t he l ocat ion of t h e part it ion is us e d. Itis cal l ed L ogical Bl ock Addre s s ing, and itus e s t he l aste igh tbyt e s in

L as t Pie ce of t h e Pu zzl e
In t h e part it ion t abl e e nt ry, t h e h ex num be r 06 (in purpl e )t el l s w h ich t ype of fil e s yst em t h e part it ion cont ains , and w h e t h er t h e Cyl inde r, H e ad, Se ct or (CH S) or t he L arge Bl ock Addre s s ing (L BA) s yst e m is

t o be us e d t ol ocat et h e part it ion. H e re is a brie f l ist ing of fil e s yst em s. 01 D O S fil e s yst e m w it h 12 bitfil e al l ocat ion t abl e 06 D O S fil e s yst e m w it h 16 bitfil e al l ocat ion t abl e and CH S s yst e m is us e d t o indicat et h e part it ion l ocat ion 0e D O S fil e s yst e m w it h 16 bitfil e al l ocat ion t abl e and L BA s yst e m is us e d t o indicat et h e part it ion l ocat ion 0b D O S fil e s yst e m w it h 32 bitfil e al l ocat ion t abl e and L BA is al m ostal w ays us e d, h ow ev e r if t he part it ion is in t h e first8GB of t h e dis k , t h e CH S num be rs s h oul d be s e tcorre ct l y, ot h e rw is e , if t he part it ion is pastt h e 8gb boundary, t h e CH S num be rs s h oul d be s e tt ot h e ir m axim um v al ue . 07 NTFS 81 L inux 83 L inux ext 2fs 82 L inux s w ap Th e re are ot h e r fil e s yst em t ype s , butt h e s e are t he one s you w il l m ostl ik e l y run int o. Th e w e b page s w h e re I gotm y inf orm at ion m igh t expl ain itbe t t e r. ht t p:/ / h om e.at t .net / %7Erayk nigh t s/ pc_ boot / w 9 5b_ m br.h t m ht t p:/ / w w w .bit zenbyt es.com / Cont ent -Arcanum -18-1-14.h t ml and s om e w ik ipe dia art icl es.

Got any GREAT ide as f or a PCL inuxO S proj e ct? Pe opl e are natural l y cre ativ e and im aginativ e . W e com e up w ith outrage ous , practical , s il l y, f e as ibl e , and m aybe uniq ue ide as . Th e re ' s a pl ace f or you at M yPCL inuxO S . com . M any gre at proj e cts s tarte d w ith a s m al l s te p, and w ith a bit of de dication and w ork , w e can m ak e a dre am com e true . L os t f or one ?O r your ide a w as tak e n? No probl e m . Th e re are s e v e ral ongoing proj e cts at M yPCL inuxO S . com . Join one of th e m , and be a part of a te am th at " giv e s s om e th ing back "to PCL inuxO S .

D IS CL AIM ER
1. Al l t h e cont e nt s ofPCL inuxO S M agaz ine (h t t p:/ / m ag.M yPCL inuxO S.com ), are int e nde d f or ge ne ral inf orm at ion and/ or us e onl y. Such cont e nt s do notcons t it ut e adv ice and s h oul d notbe re l ie d upon in m ak ing (or re f raining f rom m ak ing) any de cis ion. Any s pe cif ic adv ice or re pl ie s t o q ue rie s in any partoft h e m agaz ine is / are t h e pe rs onal opinion(s ) ofs uch e xpe rt s/ cons ul t ant s/ pe rs ons and are nots ubs cribe d t o by PCL inuxO S M agaz ine . 2. Th e inf orm at ion in PCL inuxO S M agaz ine (h t t p:/ / m ag.M yPCL inuxO S.com ), is prov ide d on an " AS I S" bas is , and al l w arrant ie s e xpre s s e d or im pl ie d, ofany k ind, re garding any m at t e r pe rt aining t o any inf orm at ion, adv ice or re pl ie s , are dis cl aim e d and e xcl ude d. 3. PCL inuxO S M agaz ine (h t t p:/ / m ag.M yPCL inuxO S.com ), and it s as s ociat e s s h al l notbe l iabl e , atany t im e f or dam age s (incl uding, w it h outl im it at ion, dam age s f or l os s ofany k ind) aris ing in cont ract ,t ort , or ot h e rw is e f rom t h e us e of , or inabil it yt o us e , t h e m agaz ine or any ofit s cont e nt s , or f rom any act ion t ak e n (or re f raine d f rom be ing t ak e n) as a re s ul tofus ing t he m agaz ine or any s uch cont e nt s or f or f ail ure ofpe rf orm ance , e rror , om is s ion, int e rrupt ion, de l et ion, de f e ct , de l ay in ope rat ion or t rans m is s ion, com put e rv irus , com m unicat ions l ine f ail ure , t hef tor de s t ruct ion or unaut h oriz e d acce s s t o, al t e rat ion of , or us e of , inf orm at ion cont aine d in t h e m agaz ine . 4. No re pre s e nt at ion, w arrant ie s , or guarant e e s w h at s oe v e r are m ade as t ot h e accuracy, ade q uacy, re l iabil it y, com pl et e ne s s , s uit abil it y, or appl icabil it y oft h e inf orm at ion t o a part icul ar s it uat ion. 5. Ce rt ain l ink s on t h e m agaz ine l e ad t o re s ource s l ocat e d on ot h e r s e rv e rs m aint aine d by t h ird part ie s ov e r w h om PCL inuxO S M agaz ine (h t t p:/ / m ag.M yPCL inuxO S.com ) h as no cont rol or conne ct ion, bus ine s s or ot h e rw is e . Th e s e s it e s are e xt e rnal t o PCL inuxO S M agaz ine (h t t p:/ / m ag.M yPCL inuxO S.com ) and by v is it ing t h e s e , you are doing s o ofyour ow n accord and as s um e al l re s pons ibil it yf or s uch act ion.

M at e rial Su b m it t e d b y U s e rs

A m aj orit y ofs e ct ions in t h e m agaz ine cont ain m at e rial s s ubm it t e d by us e rs . PCL inuxO S M agaz ine (h t t p:/ / m ag.M yPCL inuxO S.com ) acce pt s no re s pons ibil it yf or t h e cont e nt , accuracy, and conf orm it yt o appl icabl e l aw s ofs uch m at e rial .

Ent ire Agre e m e nt

Th e s e it e m s cons t it ut e t h e e nt ire agre e m e ntbe t weent h e part ie s w it h re s pe ctt ot h e s ubj e ctm at t e r h e re of , and s upe rs e de s and re pl ace s al l prior or cont e m porane ous unde rs t andings or agre e m e nt s , w rit t e n or oral , re garding s uch s ubj e ctm at t er .

31