Relative Clauses

Clause = sentence. Relative pronouns: who (refers to people; care), which ( refers to things, objects, gorups and animals; care/ce), that (refers to things and people, sg and pl; care), whom (pe cine) + preposition, whose (cui) + noun. Relative Adverbs: where (unde), when (cand), why (de ce), how (cum). Relative clauses are clauses which bring information about nouns, pronouns or noun phrases of the main clause. They are introduced with/by relative pronouns or relative adverbs.

TYPE 1) Defining relative clauses: they bring essential information about nouns, pronouns, nouns phrases of the main clause. The man who is standing right here is my best friend. The dog that barks doesn`t bite. The person who(m)I was telling you about is here or The person about whom I was telling you The boy whose parents have gone to holyday is throwing a party. The day when we met is unforgettable.

TYPE 2) Non-defining relative clauses: they bring extra/additional information about a noun, pronoun, noun phrases of the main clause or about the main clause itself. They are placed between commas. They are not introduced with that.

John, who is my best friend, has been awarded with a prize. My dog, which is a Saint-Bernard, has run away. She has won first prize, which is a surprise.

The relative pronoun can be omitted if it is an object of the relative clause. (object = complement)

The person (who) I was telling you about is here. The book (which/that) I was telling you about is called Crime and Punishment.

Conditionals (If Clauses)

Imperative verbs: can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will and would.

Name
Type 0

If clause
Present Simple Use: When we refer to a general truth or to a rule.

Main Clause
Present Simple

Type 1

Present Tense Future, Imperative, Modals Simple, continuous, Perfect S/C Use: We use to express present conditions, present or future situations. Present conditional (would, could, might + short inf.) Use: To express present hypothetical conditions and situations; For contrary: to fact in the present. Past tense

Type 2

Type 3

Past perfect Past Conditional (had + 3rd form) (Would + have + 3rd form) Use: To express past hypothetical conditions, criticism and situations. For contrary: to fact in the present.

General Nouns

E.G.: Luxuries, modern facilities, weapons, materials, advantages, problems, skills, vehicles, creatures, cosmetics, fabrics, inventions, insects, consumer goods, leisure facilities, etc.

Collocations

Made the (travel) arrangements. What do you do for a living? We do a lot of business. Is easy to make a living from writing. Please make sure you are on time!

I`ll do my best! To making fun always. To make a complaint. Recently he has made a big effort.