HiPerNano 2013

Advances in Surface Functionalisation of Graphene Materials

Introductions
Martin Williams
Technical Manager at Haydale
Company

Brand Name

Removing the barriers to practical use of Industrial Nano-Carbons

2 of 12

Products
HDPlas FLG700 - Few Layered Graphene HDPlas SWCNTs - Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes HDPlas ZnOBs - Zinc Oxide Nanobelts

HDPlas GNPs - Graphene Nanoplatelets

HDPlas MWCNTs - Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

HDPlas ZnOP - Zinc Oxide Nanoplatelets

3 of 12

Services
Functionalisation Service Bespoke plasma treatments Application driven development Analysis Chemical Physical Mechanical Prototyping Engineering Materials Paints and Coatings Electrically Conductive Polymers Electro-Chemical Components Conductive Inks

4 of 12

Graphene(s)
Not all Graphene is created equal
- Angstron Advertisement JEC magazine March 2013 Material
HDPlas GNPs HDPlas FLG700 2D Graphene

Layers
~25 ~5 1

Thickness
< 50 nm < 10 nm < 0.5 nm

SSA (BET)
~25 m2/g ~ 700 m2/g ~ 2,630 m2/g

Manufacturing Method Top down, bottom up Chemistry Purity, catalytic residue, doping, sp3/sp2 hybridisation Structure Crystallinity, substrate, flatness

Functionality Electrical conductivity, mechanical properties,

Applications Electronic, optical, mechanical, barrier, thermal

5 of 12

Graphene Functionalisation
Why Functionalise?

Pristine graphene and graphene like materials are inert

Help with dispersion, thickness reduction, segregation of particles Application improvements

Fang et al. J. Mater. Chem., 2009,19, 7098-7105 DOI: 10.1039/B908220D

6 of 12

7 of 12

Video Slide

Plasma Functionalisation
Robust and massively tailor-able (gases, liquids, metals) High yield and scalable Environmentally friendly Almost any substrate (including nano powders)

Fraunhofer:

www-alt.igb.fraunhofer.de/www/gf/grenzflmem/plasma/en/PlasmaImpact.en.html

8 of 12

HDPlas Standard Functionalisation

Product Process Gas Functionalities
Carbonyl [C=O] Hydroxyl [OH] Ether [R-O-R]

Applications
Cleaning, activation, etching, reducing undesirable inclusions. Improves compatibility with polar solvents.

O2 Dot NH2 N F COOH

Oxygen

Argon

Radicals Primary Amine [NH2] Amide [RCONH2] Nitrile [CN]

Nitrous Oxide [NOx] Imine [=C=N] Amines [NHx] Fluorinated Carbon (CF)n Carboxyl [COOH]

Cleaning, activation, pre-cursor for further treatments.

Compatibility with some epoxy composites, solvent dispersions, electrochemical applications.

Ammonia

Nitrogen

Polymer compatibility, semiconductor doping.

solvent

dispersions,

surface

cleaning,

Tetrafluoromethane Acid Vapour

Producing hydrophobic surfaces; aggressive pre-treatment; insulating properties (characteristics similar to Teflon). Polymer compatibility, reactive surfaces, pre-treatments.

9 of 12

HDPlas Special Functionalisation

Product
Metallic Sputtering Epoxide Plasma Silicon Plasma Pure Graphene Plasma Polymerisation

Process Gases
N/A Metallic solutions Epoxide glycidol Silanes Hydrocarbons (Reducing agents) Monomers

Functionalities
Gold Silver Platinum Epoxy Groups C-Si Inert Polymers

Applications
Conductivity enhancements, electrochemical applications Epoxy Composites Li-Ion batteries Defect free graphene? Seamless nano-matrix composites

As materials approach the nano-scale, their surfaces play a more and more important role. Modifying these surfaces allows us to improve the compatibility between the nano material and the matrix, to enhance the electrical or electrochemical properties and enable our graphenes in applications.

10 of 12

HDPlas Graphenes in Action

FLG700 NH2 Platinum Replacement in DSSC FLG700 O2 Conductive Transparent Films (ITO Replacement) GNP COOH Corrosion inhibitors in coatings GNP O2 Barrier properties in PE, PP, Epoxy GNP NH2 Conductivity enhancer in conductive inks GNP O2 Mechanical enhancer in PE, PP, Epoxy Adhesives GNP COOH Mechanical enhancement in fibre composites GNP dot Thermally conductive additive for thermal adhesives Dont forget MWCNTs, SWCNTs, Zinc Oxides!
11 of 12

Thanks for Listening

Any Questions?
Martin Williams: Tel: +44 (0) 753 606 5637 Email: martin@haydale.com Web: www.haydale.com Blog: haydale.wordpress.com download

12 of 12