%!

%%Title: /home/www/department/cse/classes/cse605/exams/fs98.ps
%%Creator: IslandWrite for carlisle
%%CreationDate: Fri Mar 19 15:05:58 1999
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%%EndProlog
save /vm_state exch def [1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat 0.050000 0.050000 sc .5 slw
0 -15840 tr 0 ro
np 0 0 mt 0 15840 lnt 12240 15840 lnt 12240 0 lnt cp clip
userdict /#copies 1 put 1253 ss 5743 1253 mt (Times-Roman02400240) gf (Final Exa
m) s
1581 ss 5870 1581 mt (CSE 605) s 1909 ss 5710 1909 mt (Spring 1998) s 2237 ss
6300 2237 mt 2565 ss 6300 2565 mt 2893 ss 2563 2893 mt (Name ___________________
______________________________________) s
3221 ss 6300 3221 mt 3549 ss 6300 3549 mt ( ) s 3877 ss 1440 3877 mt 4205 ss
1440 4205 mt (I. Real Time Systems) s 4533 ss 1440 4533 mt 4861 ss 1440 4861 mt
(
a. A real-time system has periodic processes with the following comput
ational requirements ) s
5189 ss 1440 5189 mt 720.000 nx sp (and periods:) s 5517 ss 1440 5517 mt sp (P1:
20 msec every 30 msec) s
5845 ss 1440 5845 mt sp (P2: 12 msec every 100 msec) s 6173 ss 1440 6173 mt sp
(P3:
5 msec every 10 msec) s 6501 ss 1440 6501 mt sp (P4: 15 msec every 100
msec.) s
6829 ss 1440 6829 mt 7157 ss 1440 7157 mt (Can this system be scheduled on one C
PU? Defend your answer.) s
7485 ss 1440 7485 mt 7813 ss 1440 7813 mt 8141 ss 1440 8141 mt 8469 ss
1440 8469 mt 8797 ss 1440 8797 mt 9125 ss 1440 9125 mt 9453 ss 1440 9453 mt (b.
Give a static schedule on two CPUs that will guarantee that all deadlines are m
et.) s
9781 ss 1440 9781 mt (\(each mark on the time line is 10 ms, each dash is 1 ms\)
) s
10109 ss 1440 10109 mt 10437 ss 1440 10437 mt (Processor A) s 10765 ss

1440 10765 mt (
|---------|---------|---------|---------|--------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------||) s
11093 ss 1440 11093 mt (Processor B) s 11421 ss 1440 11421 mt 11749 ss
1440 11749 mt 12077 ss 1440 12077 mt 12405 ss 1440 12405 mt (II. Distributed fi
le systems.) s
12733 ss 1440 12733 mt 13061 ss 1440 13061 mt (1.) s 540.000 nx sp (a. What is
meant by a stateful vs a stateless server?) s
13389 ss 1440 13389 mt 13717 ss 1440 13717 mt 14045 ss 1440 14045 mt 14373 ss
1440 14373 mt showpage vm_state restore
save /vm_state exch def [1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat 0.050000 0.050000 sc .5 slw
0 -15840 tr 0 ro
np 0 0 mt 0 15840 lnt 12240 15840 lnt 12240 0 lnt cp clip
userdict /#copies 1 put 1253 ss 1440 1253 mt (Times-Roman02400240) gf 1581 ss
1440 1581 mt 720.000 nx sp (b. What are some benefits and problems associated w
ith a stateless servers for a distributed) s
1909 ss 1440 1909 mt (
file system?) s 2237 ss 1440 2237 mt
2565 ss 1440 2565 mt 2893 ss 1440 2893 mt 3221 ss 1440 3221 mt 3549 ss
1440 3549 mt 3877 ss 1440 3877 mt (2. Suppose that a transaction based system u
sing the algorithm for transactions studied in the) s
4205 ss 1440 4205 mt (
homework assignment executes in time the following se
quence of reads and writes to a variables ) s
4533 ss 1440 4533 mt (
x and y. \(Assume both initialized to 0\)) s 4861 ss
1440 4861 mt 5189 ss 1440 5189 mt (T1 BT
W\(x\)1
ET) s
5517 ss 1440 5517 mt (T2
BT
W\(x\)2
ET
) s
5845 ss 1440 5845 mt (T3
BT
W\(x\)3
W\(y\)4
ET) s
6173 ss 1440 6173 mt (T4
BT
R\(x\)
ET) s
6501 ss 1440 6501 mt 6829 ss 1440 6829 mt (
---+---+----+-----+------+--+------+------+----+------+-----+------+------------+---------------) s
7157 ss 1440 7157 mt (time 1
2
3
4
5 ..) s 774.000 nx sp
1440.000 nx sp 7485 ss 1440 7485 mt 7813 ss 1440 7813 mt 8141 ss 1440 8141 mt
(a. What is the value read by T4 at time 9 ?) s 8469 ss 1440 8469 mt 8797 ss
1440 8797 mt 9125 ss 1440 9125 mt 9453 ss 1440 9453 mt (b. Which \(if any\) of
the transactions will be aborted?) s
9781 ss 1440 9781 mt 10109 ss 1440 10109 mt 10437 ss 1440 10437 mt 10765 ss
1440 10765 mt (c. ) s -8.240 nx sp ( ) s -8.260 nx sp (What ) s -8.240 nx sp (wi
ll ) s
-8.260 nx sp (be ) s -8.240 nx sp (the ) s -8.260 nx sp (committed ) s -8.240 nx
sp (value ) s
-8.260 nx sp (of ) s -8.240 nx sp (x ) s -8.260 nx sp (and ) s -8.240 nx sp (y )
s
-8.260 nx sp (at ) s -8.240 nx sp (the ) s -8.260 nx sp (end ) s -8.240 nx sp (o
f ) s
-8.260 nx sp (all ) s -8.240 nx sp (transactions ) s -8.260 nx sp (that ) s
-8.240 nx sp (successfully ) s -8.260 nx sp (commit?) s 11093 ss 1440 11093 mt
11421 ss 1440 11421 mt ( ) s 11749 ss 1440 11749 mt 12077 ss 1440 12077 mt (III.
Memory:) s
12405 ss 1440 12405 mt 12733 ss 1440 12733 mt (1. ) s 420.000 nx sp (Consistenc
y models:) s
13061 ss 1440 13061 mt 13389 ss 1440 13389 mt 720.000 nx sp (
The book separ
ates memory access into two categories, general competing read/write ) s
13677 ss 1442 13677 mt (accesses ) s -2.160 nx sp (to ) s sp (shared ) s -2.180
nx sp
(variables ) s -2.160 nx sp (and ) s sp (synchronization ) s -2.180 nx sp (acces
s, ) s

-2.160 nx sp (that ) s sp (is, ) s -2.180 nx sp (read/write ) s -2.160 nx sp (op

erations ) s
sp (to ) s -2.180 nx sp (synchroniza-) s 13965 ss 1442 13965 mt (tion variables.
) s
14293 ss 1440 14293 mt ( ) s 14621 ss 1440 14621 mt showpage vm_state restore
save /vm_state exch def [1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat 0.050000 0.050000 sc .5 slw
0 -15840 tr 0 ro
np 0 0 mt 0 15840 lnt 12240 15840 lnt 12240 0 lnt cp clip
userdict /#copies 1 put 1253 ss 1440 1253 mt (Times-Roman02400240) gf (a. Each
of the following examples reflect I/O to shared variables X and Y. Circle the s
trongest ) s
1541 ss 1442 1541 mt (consistency model that can explain the example.) s 1869 ss
1440 1869 mt 720.000 nx sp ( ) s 1380.000 nx sp ( ) s 2197 ss 1440 2197 mt (P1
W\(X\)3) s
2525 ss 1440 2525 mt (P2
W\(X\)2) s 2853 ss 1440 2853 mt (P3
R\(X\)3
R\(X\)3) s
3181 ss 1440 3181 mt (P4
R\(X\)2
R\(X\)3) s
3509 ss 1440 3509 mt (
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------) s
3837 ss 1440 3837 mt 720.000 nx sp 1440.000 nx sp (time -->) s 4165 ss
1440 4165 mt (Circle one: atomically consistent, ) s 4493 ss 1440 4493 mt (
sequentially consistent, ) s
4821 ss 1440 4821 mt (
causal consistency, ) s 5149 ss
1440 5149 mt (
processor consistency, ) s 5477 ss
1440 5477 mt (
slow memory consistency, ) s 5805 ss
1440 5805 mt (
no consistency) s 6133 ss 1440 6133 mt 6461 ss
1440 6461 mt (P1
R\(X\)2 W\(X\)3) s 6789 ss 1440 6789 mt (P2
W\(X\)2) s
7117 ss 1440 7117 mt (P3
R\(X\)3
R\(X\)3) s
7445 ss 1440 7445 mt (P4
R\(X\)2
R\(X\)3) s
7773 ss 1440 7773 mt (
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------) s
8101 ss 1440 8101 mt 720.000 nx sp 1440.000 nx sp (time -->) s 8429 ss
1440 8429 mt (Circle one: atomically consistent, ) s 8757 ss 1440 8757 mt (
sequentially consistent, ) s
9085 ss 1440 9085 mt (
causal consistency, ) s 9413 ss
1440 9413 mt (
processor consistency, ) s 9741 ss
1440 9741 mt (
slow memory consistency, ) s 10069 ss
1440 10069 mt (
no consistency) s 10397 ss 1440 10397 mt
10725 ss 1440 10725 mt (P1
R\(X\)2 W\(X\)3) s 11053 ss
1440 11053 mt (P2
W\(X\)2
W\(X\)4) s 11381 ss
1440 11381 mt (P3
R\(X\)3
) s
11709 ss 1440 11709 mt (P4
R\(X\)3
) s
12037 ss 1440 12037 mt (
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------) s
12365 ss 1440 12365 mt 720.000 nx sp 1440.000 nx sp (time -->) s 12693 ss
1440 12693 mt (Circle one: atomically consistent, ) s 13021 ss 1440 13021 mt (
sequentially consistent, ) s
13349 ss 1440 13349 mt (
causal consistency, ) s 13677 ss
1440 13677 mt (
processor consistency, ) s 14005 ss
1440 14005 mt (
slow memory consistency, ) s 14333 ss
1440 14333 mt (
no consistency) s 14661 ss 1440 14661 mt
showpage vm_state restore

save /vm_state exch def [1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat 0.050000 0.050000 sc .5 slw

0 -15840 tr 0 ro
np 0 0 mt 0 15840 lnt 12240 15840 lnt 12240 0 lnt cp clip
userdict /#copies 1 put 1253 ss 1440 1253 mt (Times-Roman02400240) gf 1581 ss
1440 1581 mt (b. Each of the following examples reflect a synchronized I/O to s
hared variables X and Y. ) s
1909 ss 1440 1909 mt 2237 ss 1440 2237 mt (P1
W\(X\)1 W\(X\)2 S) s 2565 ss
1440 2565 mt (P2
S
R\(X\) 1
) s
2893 ss 1440 2893 mt (P3
S
R\(X\) 2) s
3221 ss 1440 3221 mt (
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------) s
3549 ss 1440 3549 mt 720.000 nx sp 1440.000 nx sp (time -->) s 3877 ss
1440 3877 mt (Circle one: This sequence of events is ) s 4205 ss 1440 4205 mt
720.000 nx sp 1440.000 nx sp (valid / invalid) s 4533 ss 1440 4533 mt (
for a weakly consistent system.) s
4861 ss 1440 4861 mt 5189 ss 1440 5189 mt (P1
Acq\(L\) W\(X\)1 W\(Y\)2 Re
l\(L\) W\(X\) 0 ) s
5517 ss 1440 5517 mt (P2
Acq\(L\) R\(X\)0 Rel\(L\)
) s
5805 ss 1442 5805 mt (--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------) s
6133 ss 1440 6133 mt 720.000 nx sp 1440.000 nx sp (time -->) s 6461 ss
1440 6461 mt 6789 ss 1440 6789 mt (Circle one: This sequence of events is ) s
7117 ss 1440 7117 mt 720.000 nx sp 1440.000 nx sp (valid / invalid) s 7445 ss
1440 7445 mt (
for a release consistent system.) s 7773 ss
1440 7773 mt 8101 ss 1440 8101 mt (P1 Acq\(X\) W\(X\)1 W\(Y\)2 Rel\(X\) W\
(X\) 0 ) s
8429 ss 1440 8429 mt (P2
Acq\(X\) R\(Y\)0 Rel\(X\)
) s
8717 ss 1442 8717 mt (--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------) s
9045 ss 1440 9045 mt 720.000 nx sp 1440.000 nx sp (time -->) s 9373 ss
1440 9373 mt 9701 ss 1440 9701 mt (Circle one: This sequence of events is ) s
10029 ss 1440 10029 mt 720.000 nx sp 1440.000 nx sp (valid / invalid) s 10357 ss
1440 10357 mt (
for an entry consistent system.) s 10685 ss
1440 10685 mt (
) s 11013 ss 1440 11013 mt 11341 ss
1440 11341 mt 11669 ss 1440 11669 mt (2. One protocol for cache consistency is
called write through. In this model a block of memory is ) s
11957 ss 1442 11957 mt (cached, and the system behaves as follows ) s 12285 ss
1440 12285 mt 720.000 nx sp 1440.000 nx sp sp sp sp sp 12613 ss 1440 12613 mt
(Read miss of data in a block) s 881.000 nx sp (fetch block from memory and stor
e in cache) s
75.000 nx sp 12941 ss 1440 12941 mt (Read hit of data in a block) s
1068.000 nx sp (fetch from cache) s 13269 ss 1440 13269 mt (Write miss of data i
n a block) s
828.000 nx sp (Update memory, fetch block and store in cache, ) s 13597 ss
1440 13597 mt 720.000 nx sp 1440.000 nx sp sp (all systems caching this block in
validate cache
) s
13925 ss 1440 13925 mt (Write hit of data in a block) s 1014.000 nx sp (Update m
emory and store in cache ) s
14253 ss 1440 14253 mt 720.000 nx sp 1440.000 nx sp sp (all systems caching this
block invalidate cache
) s
14581 ss 1440 14581 mt showpage vm_state restore
save /vm_state exch def [1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat 0.050000 0.050000 sc .5 slw

0 -15840 tr 0 ro
np 0 0 mt 0 15840 lnt 12240 15840 lnt 12240 0 lnt cp clip
userdict /#copies 1 put 1253 ss 1440 1253 mt (Times-Roman02400240) gf (A similar
protocol for replicated blocks of data in a file system is:) s
1581 ss 1440 1581 mt 1909 ss 1440 1909 mt (Read miss of data in a block) s
881.000 nx sp (fetch block from file and store in local block) s 41.000 nx sp
2237 ss 1440 2237 mt (Read hit of data in a block) s 1068.000 nx sp (read from l
ocal copy) s
2565 ss 1440 2565 mt (Write miss of data in a block) s 828.000 nx sp (fetch, wri
te and return the new file block, ) s
2893 ss 1440 2893 mt 720.000 nx sp 1440.000 nx sp sp (all systems using this blo
ck must invalidate it.
) s
3221 ss 1440 3221 mt (Write hit of data in a block) s 1014.000 nx sp (Update blo
ck and return to the file system) s
3549 ss 1440 3549 mt 720.000 nx sp 1440.000 nx sp sp (all systems caching this b
lock invalidate it.) s
3877 ss 1440 3877 mt (Implementation of this protocol will be expected to be mor
e difficult with a distributed file system ) s
4165 ss 1442 4165 mt (than ) s -5.540 nx sp (with ) s -5.560 nx sp (a ) s sp (di
stributed ) s
sp (memory ) s -5.540 nx sp (system. ) s -5.560 nx sp ( ) s sp (What ) s sp (are
) s sp (the ) s
-5.540 nx sp (difficulties ) s -5.560 nx sp (and ) s sp (why ) s sp (are ) s -5.
540 nx sp
(they ) s -5.560 nx sp (harder ) s sp (to ) s sp (handle ) s sp (in ) s -5.540 n
x sp 4453 ss
1442 4453 mt (distributed file systems?) s 4781 ss 1440 4781 mt 5109 ss
1440 5109 mt 5437 ss 1440 5437 mt 5765 ss 1440 5765 mt 6093 ss 1440 6093 mt
6421 ss 1440 6421 mt 6749 ss 1440 6749 mt (
) s 7077 ss 1440 7077 mt (3. Obj
ect based shared memory) s
7405 ss 1440 7405 mt 7733 ss 1440 7733 mt (Suppose that a language based shared
memory system \(such as Linda's tuple space\) is to be ) s
8021 ss 1442 8021 mt (implemented. It is desired that I/O to this shared memory
be sequentially consistent. Describe a ) s
8309 ss 1442 8309 mt (mechanism to implement such a model in a networked operati
ng system environment.) s
8637 ss 1440 8637 mt 8965 ss 1440 8965 mt 9293 ss 1440 9293 mt 9621 ss
1440 9621 mt 9949 ss 1440 9949 mt 10277 ss 1440 10277 mt 10605 ss
1440 10605 mt (IV. Security:) s 10933 ss 1440 10933 mt 720.000 nx sp (a. Dist
inguish between discretionary and mandatory models for operating system security
.) s
11261 ss 1440 11261 mt 11589 ss 1440 11589 mt 11917 ss 1440 11917 mt 12245 ss
1440 12245 mt sp (b. ) s -9.000 nx sp ( ) s sp (Distinguish ) s sp (between ) s
sp (access ) s
sp (control ) s sp (lists ) s sp (and ) s sp (capability ) s sp (list ) s sp (im
plementations ) s
sp (of ) s sp (a ) s sp ( ) s sp (discretion-) s 12533 ss 1442 12533 mt (ary sec
urity model.) s
12861 ss 1440 12861 mt 13189 ss 1440 13189 mt 13517 ss 1440 13517 mt 13845 ss
1440 13845 mt 720.000 nx sp (c. Distinguish between single key and public/priva
te key encryption. ) s
14173 ss 1440 14173 mt 14501 ss 1440 14501 mt showpage vm_state restore
save /vm_state exch def [1 0 0 -1 0 0] concat 0.050000 0.050000 sc .5 slw
0 -15840 tr 0 ro
np 0 0 mt 0 15840 lnt 12240 15840 lnt 12240 0 lnt cp clip
userdict /#copies 1 put 1253 ss 1440 1253 mt (Times-Roman02400240) gf 1581 ss
1440 1581 mt 720.000 nx sp (d. Illustrate how a single key system can be used to
provide message digests,) s

1909 ss 1440 1909 mt sp 1440.000 nx sp ( i.e. provide an indication that a file

has not been modified.) s
2237 ss 1440 2237 mt 2565 ss 1440 2565 mt 2893 ss 1440 2893 mt 3221 ss
1440 3221 mt 720.000 nx sp (e. Illustrate how a public/private key system can be
used to) s
3549 ss 1440 3549 mt sp 1440.000 nx sp (i. provide a digital signature) s
3877 ss 1440 3877 mt 4205 ss 1440 4205 mt 4533 ss 1440 4533 mt 720.000 nx sp
1440.000 nx sp (ii. provide a secure transmission of a message.) s 4861 ss
1440 4861 mt 5189 ss 1440 5189 mt 5517 ss 1440 5517 mt 5845 ss 1440 5845 mt (V.
Case studies:) s
6173 ss 1440 6173 mt 6501 ss 1440 6501 mt (
Our studies of distributed sys
tems clustered around four types of systems) s
6829 ss 1440 6829 mt 7157 ss 1440 7157 mt 720.000 nx sp (multiprocessor systems)
s
7485 ss 1440 7485 mt sp (distributed systems) s 7813 ss 1440 7813 mt sp (coopera
tive autonomous systems) s
8141 ss 1440 8141 mt sp (networked systems.) s 8469 ss 1440 8469 mt 8797 ss
1440 8797 mt (
Throughout the quarter we have looked at or named case studi
es of systems that implement the ) s
9085 ss 1442 9085 mt (ideas we have discussed. Choose an implementation of one
of the above systems, and discuss its ) s
9373 ss 1442 9373 mt (major characteristics or contributions in areas such as co
ncurrent processes and programming, ) s
9661 ss 1442 9661 mt (interprocess communication and coordination, scheduling, s
torage management, or security.) s
9989 ss 1440 9989 mt 10317 ss 1440 10317 mt 10645 ss 1440 10645 mt
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