Nhng nguyn liu sn xut nhin liu sinh hc (phn 1)

Neutralize | 15/11/2012 - 05:00 00

Cc nhin liu ha thch nh than, du kh ang dn c thay th bi nhng nguyn liu mi. Con ngi ang c gng khai thc nhng ngun nguyn liu c tim nng. Mt la chn c rt nhiu nh khoa hc tm chnh l nhin liu sinh hc thay th xng du ly t thin nhin. Mt s loi du t nhin thm ch c th c s dng ngay trong u my diesel . ng Rudolph Diesel cn thit k mt loi my chy bng du t nhin thu c t nng sn ca ngi nng dn. Tuy nhin, loi du tinh khit ny cng vn cn nhng hn ch nh d b ng li vo thi tit lnh, nh hng ti b lc, kim phun v cc linh kin khc trn ng c. Cc nh ha hc a ra mt s gii php cho vn ny. Mt s nh my khi ln men bia v ru ng thi sn xut ethanol. Ethanol l nhin liu sch chit xut t cc cht hu c nh thn cy ng hoc ma, quc gia ni ting v nhin liu ny chnh l Brazil, ni trng hng triu hecta ma. Thnh phn ca nhin liu E85 gm c 85% ethanol v 15% xng. Loi cy trng khc nh u nnh, c s dng nhiu hn sn xut du diesel sinh hc. Hu ht cc ng c u c th chy du diesel sinh hc vi mc gy nhim mi trng t hn.

Du diesel sinh hc

Cc c s h tng ch bin nhin liu sinh hc vn ang c xy dng nhiu khu vc trn th gii. Nhu cu tm nhin liu mi thay th cho cc nhin liu ha thch ngy cng cao. Trong bi vit ny, GenK xin gii thiu ti bn c mt s loi nguyn liu tim nng cho ngnh nhin liu sinh hc. 1. Ng Khng ch l lng thc chnh nhiu nc, ng cng l ngun nguyn liu tim nng ca nhin liu sinh hc. Nh c hm lng ng cao to ra ethanol, ng chnh l ngun gc ca lng ln ethanol s dng trong qu trnh sn xut nhin liu E85. sn xut c ethanol t ng, trc nht nh sn xut phi tch ng ly lignin v xenlulozo c cha hm lng ng cao. Ethanol tinh ch thng c thm vo lm ph gia gim khi. Tuy nhin, ethanol cng c th c s dng lm nhin liu chnh.

Khng ch l lng thc, ng cn c th lm nhin liu.

M, ethanol t ng tht s l mt nhin liu thay th hiu qu cho nhin liu ha thch. Tuy nhin, s dng ng khng phi l khng c nhc im. Nhu cu thy li s dng ngun nc trng ng ca ngi dn ngy cng cao, nguy c tim tng ti ngun nc sinh hot v sn xut. Hn na, nhiu nng dn ang chuyn t trng cy lng thc sang trng ng phc v sn xut ethanol. Chnh iu ny, tr thnh gnh nng cho ngnh nng nghip. Bi l, trng trt khng p ng nhu cu lng thc, gi thnh ca cc loi lng thc c th s b ko ln cao theo th trng nhin liu. 2. u tng u tng c xem l mt trong nhng nguyn liu linh hot nht. u tng cn c s dng ch to bt mu v mc. Trong khi ng ch to ethanol, u tng l nguyn liu chnh sn xut diesel sinh hc. sn xut du diesel sinh hc t u tng, ngi ta cn lc ht du ca loi ht ny. Hm lng du trong u tng kh cao, khong 20% thnh phn ht. Du sau khi lc ra s c trn vi mt loi cht xc tc loi b glycerin, S du cn li c th s dng trc tip lm

nhin liu s dng cho ng c. Du diesel sinh hc cng sch hn so vi du diesel thng thng, gim thiu c vn khi bi v nh hng sc khe. 3. C Cc nh sn xut s dng du c lm diesel sinh hc. Cy c c s dng trong nhiu lnh vc. Trong lnh vc thc phm, du c cng c nhiu ngi, c bit l M v phng Ty tiu dng v hm lng m thp. Ngoi ra, du c cng c s dng nh mt loi nhin liu. Du c kt hp vi diesel to ra nhin liu sinh hc c li cho mi trng do du c sinh ra cc hn hp hu c m khi chy trong ng c, khng lm tng thm nng carbon dioxide (CO2). CO2 c cy c hp thu tr li trong chu k sinh trng, qua gip cn bng lng kh thot ra khi chy. Tuy nhin, s dng du c cng c dn ti nhng h ly tim tng. Con ngi ph b cc khu rng t nhin trng c khin mi trng sng ca nhiu loi ng thc vt b ph hy. Do i i thch n l c non nn nhng ngi trng c sn bn chng khng thng tic. S lng i i v th cng b st gim. 4. Du n

Bn bit y, du n khng ch dng trong un nu !

S dng du n lm nhin liu cng khng phi mt tng ti. Sau khi du n c s dng rn thc phm, axit bo alkyl este vn c gi li v c th chy mt s loi ng c. Bng cch lc b cc cht cn sau khi chin rn thc n, cc nh sn xut c th ch bin ra nhin liu sinh hc. Theo bo co ca Vin ha hc Vit Nam, du thc vt thi qua ch bin c thnh phn phc tp,

ngoi du m cn cha nhiu tp cht nh mui, tp cht c hc, cn cacbon, nc, ng... Do , trc khi cracking (qu trnh phn ng ha hc nhm ph v chui hydrocacbon di thnh cc hydrocacbon ngn), du thc vt thi cn c x l loi b tp cht.Kt qu thu c sau qu trnh cracking du thc vt thi l kh kh (cha ch yu cc kh H2, CO, CO2, CH4, C2H6, C2H4), kh ha lng, v xng. Nhng sn phm ny hon ton c th s dng c v c cht lng tt. 5. Lc Lc l mt trong nhng loi thc phm kh ph bin. N c th c thm vo cc mn bnh hay mn n. Th nhng, lc cn c s dng vo qu trnh sn xut nhin liu. Nh thc vt hc ngi M gc Phi ni ting Tin s George Washington Carver lit k mt danh sch ch ra hn ba trm tc dng ca ht lc, trong phi k n tc dng lm nhin liu sinh hc. Tuy nhin cng ging nh ng, s dng lc lm nhin liu c nh hng ti vn lng thc thc phm khng . Trong khi nhiu vng vn khan him lng thc, ngi ta li dng lc sn xut lm nhin liu.

Lc

Trn y, mi ch l mt s loi nguyn liu c s dng ch bin lm nhin liu sinh hc. GenK xin tip tc gii thiu ti bn c nhng nguyn liu khc cc phn tip theo. Tham kho: howstuffworks