English.Specialist.

hu

there is / there are

(oral drill, elementary level)

Read out the following sentences several times: There is a table in the room. There are chairs around the table. There is a box on the table. There are pens in the box. There is a telephone on the table. There is a calendar beside the telephone. There is a bed in the corner. There is a cupboard beside the bed. There is a chair in front of the bed. There is a shelf above the bed. There are books on the shelf. There is a window near the bed. There is a chair between the bed and the table. There is a cat on the chair. There is a dog under the table. There is a mouse under the bed. There is a carpet in the middle of the room. There are flowers in the window. Is there a table in the room? Yes, there is. / No, there isn't. Is there a cupboard near the bed? Is there a shelf beside the window? Are there books on the shelf? Yes, there are. / No, there aren't. Are there pens in the box? Are there flowers in the window? There isn't a radio on the shelf.

There isn't a chair beside the bed. There aren't books in the cupboard. There aren't chairs in the corner. There aren't pens on the table. I can see a clock on the shelf. I can see a telephone on the table. I can see flowers in the window. Can you see a man in the picture? Yes, I can. / No, I can't. Can you see books on the shelf? Can you see a cupboard in the corner? Can you see trees in the garden? Can you see a policeman in the street? Can you see cars in the street? I can't see a taxi in front of the house. I can't see flowers in the garden. I can't see books on the shelf.

There is a table in the room. There are some chairs around the table. There is a box on the table. There are some pens in the box. There is a fridge in the corner. There are some bottles in the fridge. There isn't a bed in the corner. There aren't any chairs in the room. There aren't any bottles in the fridge. Is there a shelf above the bed? Are there any books on the shelf? Are there any bottles in the fridge? There are some oranges in the fridge. There is some butter in the fridge.

There are some books on the shelf. There is some water in the glass. Is there any beer in the bottle? Yes, there is some. Is there any wine in the glass? No, there isn't any. Are there any apples on the table? Yes, there are some. Are there any bananas in the kitchen? No, there aren't any. There isn't any oil in the garage. There isn't any petrol in the tank. There aren't any glasses in the cupboard. There aren't any pens in the box. I can see some bananas in the fridge, but I can't see any oranges. Can you see any tomatoes? There is some milk in the kitchen, but there isn't any lemon juice. Is there any bread on the table? Is there any chocolate in the box? Yes, there is some. No, there isn't any. Yes, there is a little. Are there any eggs in the fridge? Yes, there are some. No, there aren't any. Yes, there are a few. Are there any books on the shelf? Yes, there are some. Yes, there is one. No, there aren't any

Present Simple
(oral exercise, elementary level)

Study the following examples:

Jane goes to the cinema on Sundays. Does she go to the cinema on Sundays? (Yes, she does.) When does she go to the cinema? (On Sundays.) Where does she go on Sundays? (To the cinema.) What does she do on Sundays? (She goes to the cinema.) Who goes to the cinema on Sundays? (Jane does.) The children play football in the park on Sundays. Do they play football in the park on Sundays? When do they play football in the park? Where do they play football on Sundays? What do they play in the park on Sundays? What do they do in the park on Sundays? Who plays football in the park on Sundays? I don't watch TV at night. Do(n't) you watch TV at night? When don't you watch TV? What don't you watch at night? What don't you do at night? Who doesn't watch TV at night? Tony isn't at school this week. Is(n't) he at school this week? When isn't he at school? Where isn't he this week? Who isn't at school this week?

Put questions: Mother makes cakes on Saturdays. Does ________ ? When ________ ? What ________ ? What ________ do ________ ? Who ________ ?

Put as many questions as you can: Dora goes to the bank on Monday afternoons. I never sleep in mother's room. Grandfather is in Oxford on Tuesdays. The girls aren't at home in the morning. Tony usually washes his car in the rain. The children go to the lake in summer. We don't go to the cinema on weekdays. Father doesn't have breakfast in his bedroom.

Answer these questions: When do you usually get up? What do you do after you get up? Do you go to the bathroom first? Do you clean your teeth? Do you have breakfast? What do you have for breakfast? Do you drink tea or coffee in the morning? What do you do after breakfast? What time do you leave for school? How many lessons do you usually have? When do you come home from school? When do you have lunch? Where do you have lunch? What do you have for lunch? What do you do in the afternoon? Do you have much homework? Do you go out in the evening? Where do you go? Do you watch TV every day? What time do you go to bed? Do you read a book in bed? How much do you sleep on weekdays? How much do you sleep on Sundays? Where do you usually spend the weekend? Do you often stay at home?

Do you do any sports at the weekend? What sports do you do? Do you do any housework? Do you go on holiday in summer? Where do you usually go? How far away is it? How do you go? Do you go by train or bus? Do you ever fly? Where do you usually stay? Do you stay at a hotel? Do you stay with friends? Is your room usually comfortable? How long do you usually stay on holiday? Do you often have a good time? Do you swim in the sea? Do you go to the mountains? Do you see interesting places? What do you do in the evenings

Past Simple
(oral exercise, pre-intermediate level)

Study the following examples: Jane went to the cinema yesterday. Did she go to the cinema? (Yes, she did.) When did she go to the cinema? (Yesterday.) Where did she go yesterday? (To the cinema.) What did she do yesterday? (She went to the cinema.) Who went to the cinema yesterday? (Jane did.) The children played football in the park on Sunday. Did they play football in the park on Sunday? When did they play football in the park? Where did they play football on Sunday? What did they play in the park on Sunday? What did they do in the park on Sunday? Who played football in the park on Sunday? I didn't watch TV last night. Did(n't) you watch TV last night? When didn't you watch TV? Which night didn't you watch TV?

What didn't you watch last night? What didn't you do last night? Who didn't watch TV last night? Tony wasn't at school last week. Was(n't) he at school last week? When wasn't he at school? Where wasn't he last week? Who wasn't at school last week?

Put questions: Mother made a chocolate cake on Saturday. Did ____________ ? When ____________ ? What ____________ ? What kind of cake ____________ ? What ____________ do ____________ ? Who ____________ ?

Put as many questions as you can: Dora went to the bank yesterday afternoon. I slept in mother's room last night. Grandfather was in Oxford on Tuesday. The girls weren't at home in the morning. Tony washed his car in the rain at the weekend. I didn't see the red car in our street last week.

Answer these questions: When did you get up yesterday? What did you do after you got up? Did you go to the bathroom first? Did you clean your teeth? Did you have breakfast yesterday?

What did you have for breakfast? Did you drink tea or coffee yesterday morning? What did you do after breakfast? What time did you go to school/work? How many lessons did you have yesterday? When did you come home from school? When did you have lunch yesterday? Where did you have lunch? What did you have for lunch? What did you do in the afternoon? Did you have homework yesterday? Did you go out in the evening? Where did you go? Did you watch TV last night? What was on TV last night? What time did you go to bed? Did you read a book in bed? How much did you sleep last night? Where did you spend the weekend? Did you stay at home? Did you do any sports at the weekend? What sports did you do? Did you do any housework? Did you go on holiday last year? Where did you go? How far away is it? How did you go? Did you go by train or bus? Did you fly? Where did you stay? Did you stay at a hotel? Did you stay with friends? Was your room comfortable? Was there a TV in your room? Did you have any books to read? What was the food like? Did you eat anything special? How long did you stay there? Did you have a good time? Did you swim in the sea? Did you go to the mountains? Did you see interesting places? What did you see?

What did you do in the evenings?

Our Flat
(project work - elementary level)

1 Look at the list. Where can you find these things? armchair, fridge, soap, towel, bookcase, sink, wash-basin, televiision, lamp, brush, cupboard, plate, pan, desk, mirror, shelf, glass, computer, cooker, shower, flower, picture

2 Make groups of words: LIVING-ROOM: armchair, shelf, ___________________________

KITCHEN: fridge, cooker, _______________________________

BATHROOM: soap, ______________________________________

MY ROOM: ___________________________________________

3 Write a few more words to each group.

4 Write 9-10 sentences about your room: In my room I've got _________________ There is a _____________ by the window, and _____________________ My bed is in the corner, and _________________________ etc.

5 Describe another room in your flat in the same way.

6 Draw the plan of your flat with all the furniture in it on a large sheet of paper. Mark the rooms and pieces of furniture with numbers.

7 Work in groups or pairs, and discuss one another's plans.

We've got the television on a shelf. And you? Do you like your desk in the corner? Mine is at the window. I haven't got a radio in my room. But I've got my walkman. Our bathroom is not very large, but we've got a separate toilet. etc.

8 Look up ads selling or letting flats in a newspaper, and bring them to the class.

9 a/ Write an ad to sell or let your flat.

9 b/ Make a list: what to check when buying a flat?

10 Act out dialogues using the ads and your lists

Asking the way

(elementary level)

Study and act out the following dialogues: 1

- Excuse me! - Yes? - Can you tell me the way to the post office, please? - Certainly. Take the first street on the left, then the second on the right. - First on the left, second on the right... - That's right. - Thanks a lot.

2 - Excuse me. How can I get to the railway station, please? - Go down this road, then take the second street on the left. - Is it far from here? - Oh, no. It's just five minutes' walk. - Thank you very much.

3 - Excuse me. Where is the nearest bank here? - It's round the corner over there, opposite the supermarket.

4 - How can I get to the Hilton Hotel, please? - Keep straight on, then turn left at the first crossroads.

5 - Is there a chemist's shop near here? - Ah, yes. Walk down this street, and take the second turning on the right. The chemist's is not far from the corner, next to a pub.

6 - Can you tell me the way to the museum, please? - Well, go as far as the church, then walk down Park Street. The museum is there, in the middle of the park.

7 - How can I get to the airport, please? - Go as far as the traffic lights, then turn right and keep straight on.

8 - Can you tell me how I can get to the National Gallery, please? - Take a 45 bus and at the fifth stop change for a 67 tram. Get off at the third stop.

9 - Excuse me. Is there a photoshop near here? - Ah, yes, there is one at Hillyard Station. - How can I get there? - Go across the bridge, then take the third turning on the left, then the fourth on the right. Hillyard Station is there, behind the church. - Is it far?

- Well, it isn't very near... - Can I take a bus? - Certainly. Take a 59 bus and get off at the fifth stop. - Thank you. - That's all right.

Simple Present vs Present Progressive (1) 1 2 3 4 5 She (go) out at weekends. I (sit) on a chair and (eat) a banana. It (snow) in winter. It (not snow) now. Tony usually (get) up at seven. The sun always (shine) in Egypt.

6 We (learn) English now. We usually (learn) in the afternoon. 7 Bad students never (work) hard. (you, like) hard work? 8 She usually (sing) in English, but today she (sing) in French. 9 Mother always (cook) in the morning. Today she (make) roast beef. 10 you (sleep) now? - No, I (not sleep) so early in the evening. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 The sun (rise) in the east and (set) in the west. I (wear) a coat because the sun (not shine) now. She always (meet) me on the corner of this street. Architects (make) the plans of buildings. The baby (cry) because he is hungry now. I (spend) this weekend in Worthing. I (go) there almost every week. Peter (travel) to Paris tomorrow. It (be) very cold now. Do you think it (freeze)? Dora usually (not take) sugar in her tea. I'm busy. I (write) a letter. I often (write) letters at night.

21 Sheila (sit) on the balcony now. She (sit, usually) there after lunch. 22 I (play, never) football with the children, we (play, always) hockey. 23 you (see) the bus now? - Yes, I (think) it (stand) at the corner.

24 Peter (not, go) to school on Mondays. 25 What you (do)? - I (be) a film star. 26 What you (do)? - I (make) the sandwiches for the party. 27 My sister (go, often) to the cinema with her friend. 28 you (want) a chocolate cream or a cream pudding? -- I (take) both. 29 Dora (not, take, always) an umbrella with her when it (rain). 30 we (go) swimming this weekend? I (hope) the weather (be) fine. Articles and pronouns
(intermediate level)

Fill in the gaps (if necessary): (some, any, no, none, all, both, every, each, one(s), , a(n), the, (n)either, (n)or, my, your, his, her, its, our, their, etc.) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 ____ the boys were sitting at ____ table with ____ father. We have ____ singing lessons ____ second day. When do you do ____ singing? 'Can you see ____ of the two camels?' 'Yes, I can see ____ .' ____ sound was heard in the room and we couldn't see ____thing ____ . Peter bought ____ new tyres for ____ car as the old ____ had been stolen. They're working harder ____ this morning than on ____ of the days before. ____ bus stopped at ____ single corner as ____body always had to get off. 'Have you met ____body lately?' 'Yes, I meet ____one almost ____ day.' I can't play tennis and I can't shoot ____ , but I play ____ cards well. ____ of us is allowed to stay out so late at ____ night. She kept on insulting me ____ the time and she ____times hit ____ face too. ____body has seen such ____ big accident in ____ street before, have they? Will you give ____ piece of cake to ____ of the children, please? ____ gasman was working ____ day on ____ pipeline, but in ____ vain. Dora goes to ____ school to pick up ____ children ____ day. We were playing ____ snooker ____ night, so ____body was late for ____ work. She turned on ____ the taps so as the others couldn't hear ____ us. ____ worker in ____ factory will get ____ pay rise ____ next week. We ____ got ____ nice present from ____ other at ____ Christmas. ____ of the tourists could find ____ way without ____ guide.

Possible solution: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 All the boys were sitting at the table with father. We have singing lessons every second day. When do you do singing? 'Can you see either of the two camels?' 'Yes, I can see both .' No sound was heard in the room and we couldn't see anything either. Peter bought new tyres for his car as the old ones had been stolen. They're working harder this morning than on any of the days before. The bus stopped at every single corner as somebody always had to get off. 'Have you met anybody lately?' 'Yes, I meet someone almost every day.' I can't play tennis and I can't shoot either, but I play cards well. Neither of us is allowed to stay out so late at night. She kept on insulting me all the time and she sometimes hit my face too. Nobody has seen such a big accident in our street before, have they? Will you give a piece of cake to each of the children, please? The gasman was working all day on the pipeline, but in vain. Dora goes to the school to pick up the children every day. We were playing snooker all night, so everybody was late for work. She turned on all the taps so as the others couldn't hear us. Every worker in the factory will get a pay rise next week. We both got a nice present from each other at Christmas. None of the tourists could find the way without the guide.

Prepositions
(pre-intermediate level)

Insert prepositions (if necessary): 1 Peter doesn't go ___ work ___ Fridays. 2 They arrived ___ Paris exactly ___ eight o'clock. 3 Aunt Lucy is coming to see us ___ 10 ___ Tuesday morning. 4 We're going to meet ___ our friends ___ the pub. 5 I'll wait ___ you ___ the bus stop.

6 What are you looking ___ ? - I just can't find my pen ___ my pocket.

7 Grandfather is leaving ___ London ___ tomorrow morning. 8 Dora bought her new dress ___ twenty pounds ___ the department store. 9 The post office is ___ the railway station, ___ the supermarket. 10 Can you see a yellow house ___ the left? The bank is ___ it.

11 Go straight ___ this road and take the third street ___ the right. 12 I live ___ New York, but I was born ___ Tucson, ___ Arisona. 13 When she came ___ the room, she put her bag ___ table. 14 My brother went ___ the seaside ___ car. 15 My brother went ___ Newcastle ___ his car.

16 There isn't a bus ___ the village - we've got to go ___ foot. 17 Cut the cheese ___ three pieces ___ a knife. 18 A lot ___ planes fly ___ the ocean these days. 19 Get ___ the bus ___ the church and get ___ ___ the fourth stop. 20 The boss has been waiting ___ you ___ a long time.

21 Could you hear what the policemen were talking ___ ? 22 The inspector was talking ___ a young man ___ the counter. 23 An old lady ___ a large hat has just gone ___ the door. 24 A young man ___ a brown jacket has entered ___ the house. 25 The woman ___ the dog was walking ___ High Street.

26 The teacher was sitting ___ his desk ___ the class. 27 Tony's car was standing ___ two trees. 28 Mother made a chocolate cake ___ Tommy's birthday. 29 Father gave ___ little Tommy a new watch. 30 Please give this letter ___ Mr Whiskers.

31 The postman came ___ good news ___ Uncle George. 32 When will you send the letter ___ the railway company? 33 Nobody ___ the family has heard ___ the accident. 34 The bus was standing ___ the bridge ___ its doors open. 35 Lots ___ people travel ___ air nowadays.

36 All the children were sitting ___ the large kitchen table. 37 I like travelling ___ boat ___ summer. 38 The bird flew ___ a high tree and started to circle ___ it. 39 Don't speak ___ the director ___ your hands ___ your pockets. 40 Mr Jenkins will phone ___ you again ___ the afternoon.

Possible solutions: 1 Peter doesn't go to work on Fridays. 2 They arrived in Paris exactly at eight o'clock. 3 Aunt Lucy is coming to see us at 10 on Tuesday morning. 4 We're going to meet our friends in the pub. 5 I'll wait for you at the bus stop.

6 What are you looking for? I just can't find my pen in my pocket. 7 Grandfather is leaving for London tomorrow morning. 8 Dora bought her new dress for twenty pounds in the department store. 9 The post office is near the railway station, opposite the supermarket. 10 Can you see a yellow house on the left? The bank is next to it.

11 Go straight down this road and take the third street on the right. 12 I live in New York, but I was born in Tucson, Arizona. 13 When she came into the room, she put her bag on table. 14 My brother went to the seaside by car. 15 My brother went to Newcastle in his car.

16 There isn't a bus to the village we've got to go on foot. 17 Cut the cheese into three pieces with a knife. 18 A lot of planes fly over the ocean these days. 19 Get on the bus at the church and get off at the fourth stop. 20 The boss has been waiting for you for a long time.

21 Could you hear what the policemen were talking about ? 22 The inspector was talking to a young man at the counter. 23 An old lady in a large hat has just gone through the door. 24 A young man in a brown jacket has entered the house.

25 The woman with the dog was walking down High Street.

26 The teacher was sitting at his desk in front of the class. 27 Tony's car was standing between two trees. 28 Mother made a chocolate cake for Tommy's birthday. 29 Father gave little Tommy a new watch. 30 Please give this letter to Mr Whiskers.

31 The postman came with good news for Uncle George. 32 When will you send the letter to the railway company? 33 Nobody in the family has heard about the accident. 34 The bus was standing on/under the bridge with its doors open. 35 Lots of people travel by air nowadays.

36 All the children were sitting around/at the large kitchen table. 37 I like travelling by boat in summer. 38 The bird flew to a high tree and started to circle around it. 39 Don't speak to the director with your hands in your pockets. 40 Mr Jenkins will phone you again in the afternoon.

Present Perfect or Past?

(pre-intermediate level)

Use correct forms: 1 Tony (never, be) to this country before. 2 I (never, see) this film before. (you, see) it?

3 (you, be) to the United States? - Yes, I (go) there last year. 4 (your sister, meet) my friend? - No, she (not meet) him yet. 5 (you, ever, talk) to an Eskimo? - No, I (not meet) one yet.

6 (father, ever, visit) the National Gallery? 7 When (he, go) there? - He (go) there last January. 8 Yesterday I (see) a big blue Ford parking in front of our house. 9 The children (not play) cricket yet. But I (play) twice since last May. 10 We (not go) out last Sunday because it (rain).

11 Is the window open? - Yes, this boy (just, open) it. 12 Where is Mary-Joe? - She (go) to the shops. 13 Is Dora in? - Yes, she (be) to the bank, but she (just, come) back. 14 Have we got anything to eat? - No, I (not be) to the shops yet. 15 Where are the children? - They (go) to the park a minute ago.

16 How long (you, live) in this street? - We (move) here two years ago. 17 The Tucks (not have) a holiday by the seaside for seven years. 18 He (be) at the cinema last night but I (not see) him ever since. 19 I (be) to the market and (bring) some vegetables, here they (be). 20 Tony (not be) at home now, he (go) to the post office.

Possible solutions: 1 Tony has never been to this country before. 2 I've never seen this film before. Have you sen it? 3 Have you been to the United States? - Yes, I went there last year. 4 Has your sister met my friend? - No, she hasn't met him yet. 5 Have you ever talked to an Eskimo? - No, I haven't met one yet.

6 Has father ever visited the National Gallery? 7 When did he go there? - He went there last January. 8 Yesterday I saw a big blue Ford parking in front of our house. 9 The children haven't played cricket yet. But I've played twice since last May. 10 We didn't go out last Sunday because it was raining.

11 Is the window open? - Yes, this boy has just opened it. 12 Where is Mary-Joe? - She's gone to the shops. 13 Is Dora in? - Yes, she has been to the bank, but she's just come back. 14 Have we got anything to eat? - No, I haven't been to the shops yet. 15 Where are the children? - They went to the park a minute ago.

16 How long have you lived in this street? - We moved here two years ago. 17 The Tucks haven't had a holiday by the seaside for seven years. 18 He was at the cinema last night but I haven't seen him ever since. 19 I've been to the market and brought some vegetables, here they are.

20 Tony isn't at home now, he has gone to the post office

must / have to / needn't

(pre-intermediate level)

Fill in the gaps: 1. I ____ work from nine to three every day except Sunday. 2. Are you sure we ____ see Aunt Lucy tonight? 3. Sheila ____ go to university on Tuesdays. Tuesday is her day off. 4. I've got a terrible headache. I think I ____ take an aspirin. 5. Let's run. We ____ get home before dark.

6. You look so pale. I think you ____ see a doctor. 7. It's a pity we ____ work on such a lovely day. 8. We ____ work even on such a lovely day if we want to finish soon. 9. She ____ take exams at the end of each term. 10. She ____ learn more if she wants to pass the exam.

11. My brother ____ cook meals, he's only a waiter. 12. The room is tidy, you ____ clean it. 13. 'Are you a driver?' - 'Yes, I ____ drive a lorry.' 14. We ____ walk, there's a bus to the hotel. 15. You ____ feed the baby, she isn't hungry.

Possible solutions:

1. I have to work from nine to three every day except Sunday. 2. Are you sure we must see Aunt Lucy tonight? 3. Sheila doesn't have to go to university on Tuesdays. Tuesday is her day off. 4. I've got a terrible headache. I think I must take an aspirin. 5. Let's run. We must get home before dark.

6. You look so pale. I think you must/should see a doctor. 7. It's a pity we have to work on such a lovely day. 8. We must work even on such a lovely day if we want to finish soon. 9. She has to take exams at the end of each term. 10. She must learn more if she wants to pass the exam.

11. My brother doesn't have to cook meals, he's only a waiter. 12. The room is tidy, you needn't clean it. 13. 'Are you a driver?' - 'Yes, I have to drive a lorry.' 14. We needn't walk, there's a bus to the hotel. 15. You needn't feed the baby, she isn't hungry.

may / must / can / mustn't / needn't / can't

(pre-intermediate level)

Fill in the gaps: 1 '____ I go out, mummy?' - 'No, you ____ , you ____ do your homework. 2 The doctor says I ____ stay in bed till my temperature falls. 3 You ____ water the flowers, Dora has already watered them. 4 ____ you play the piano? - I ____ play very well.

5 You ____ smoke in the classroom, you ____ smoke only in the corridor.

6 There isn't water in the pool, so we ____ swim today. 7 Tony's got a bad cold, so he ____ swim today. 8 There's a bridge over the river, so we ____ swim across. 9 'Have you got enough money?' - 'Oh, yes, we ____ go to the bank.' 10 They ____ hurry if they want to catch the bus.

11 '____ I sit here?' - 'Yes, you ____ sit anywhere in the room.' 12 '____ I turn on my radio?' - 'No, you ____ , everybody's sleeping?' 13 There's a bus to George Street, so we ____ walk. 14 Dora ____ walk because she broke her leg. 15 '____ I go to the cinema?' - 'Yes, but you ____ get home before ten.'

16 You ____ cross the street when the light is red. 17 You ____ cross the street here - there are railings all around. 18 '____ I take a bus?' - 'No, you ____ . The station is not very far.' 19 We ____ walk to the other side of the wood, there's a river in between. 20 The boss says we ____ leave the office before we finish this work.

Possible solutions: 1 May I go out, mummy?' - 'No, you mustn't, you must do your homework. 2 The doctor says I must stay in bed till my temperature falls.

3 You needn't water the flowers, Dora has already watered them. 4 Can you play the piano? - I can't play very well. 5 You mustn't smoke in the classroom, you may smoke only in the corridor.

6 There isn't water in the pool, so we can't swim today. 7 Tony's got a bad cold, so he mustn't swim today. 8 There's a bridge over the river, so we needn't swim across. 9 'Have you got enough money?' - 'Oh, yes, we needn't go to the bank.' 10 They must hurry if they want to catch the bus.

11 'May I sit here?' - 'Yes, you may sit anywhere in the room.' 12 'May I turn on my radio?' - 'No, you mustn't, everybody's sleeping.' 13 There's a bus to George Street, so we needn't walk. 14 Dora can't walk because she broke her leg. 15 'May I go to the cinema?' - 'Yes, but you must get home before ten.'

16 You mustn't cross the street when the light is red. 17 You can't cross the street here - there are railings all around. 18 'Must I take a bus?' - 'No, you needn't . The station is not very far.' 19 We can't walk to the other side of the wood, there's a river in between. 20 The boss says we mustn't leave the office before we finish this work.

Mixed Tenses
(intermediate level)

Use correct forms:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

The carpenter (finish, just) the roof when the chimney (fall) down. (your sister, buy) all the food for the party? The children (learn) French since father (go) to Paris. (you, go) to the seaside tomorrow? Yes, I (go) there once a week. The Tucks (not have) a holiday by the seaside for seven years. Who (be) that? Sheila's boyfriend (stand) at the door. The watchman (notice) the burglar as he (try) to open the back door. Where (be) the guinea-pig? Aunt Lucy (take) him out to the garden. Lots of mosquitoes (fly) around the lamp so we (turn) it off. you (wash) the car yet? No, but I already (fill) the tank. Mary-Joe (sit) on the balcony when Aunt Lucy (arrive). Peggy (clean) the living-room. When (she, clean) it? She's busy. She (make) a cake. She often (make) cakes. By the end of next month he (be) here for ten years. you (read) Mary Poppins? I (begin) it last week and I just (finish) it. I'm rather fat, but I know what to do. I (sell) my car and (buy) a bike. When we (see) the policeman we quickly (run) behind a tree. Dora (go) to see her friend last night, and she (not come) back yet. What you (do) tomorrow? I (help) mummy with the housework. Is Dora in? Yes, she (be) to the bank, but she (just, come) back. (you, see) that picture? It (be) on this wall for many years. Tomorrow I (invite) Cathy to a drink, then I (tell) her I (love) her. you (hear) the latest news? Peter (marry) the Simpson girl yesterday. By the time we (get) there somebody (take, already) the documents. you (wait) long for me? No, I (come) just now.

Possible solutions: 1 The carpenter had just finished the roof when the chimney fell down. / The carpenter was just finishing the roof when the chimney fell down. 2 Has your sister bought all the food for the party? 3 The children have been learning French since father went to Paris. 4 Are you going to the seaside tomorrow? Yes, I go there once a week. 5 The Tucks haven't had a holiday by the seaside for seven years. 6 Who is that? Sheila's boyfriend is standing at the door.

7 8 9 10

The watchman noticed the burglar as he was trying to open the back door. Where is the guinea-pig? Aunt Lucy has taken him out to the garden. Lots of mosquitoes were flying around the lamp so we turned it off. Have you washed the car yet? No, but I've already filled the tank.

11 MaryJoe (sit) on the balcony when Aunt Lucy (arrive). 12 Peggy has cleaned the living-room. When did she clean it? 13 She's busy. She's making a cake. She often makes cakes. 14 By the end of next month he will have been here for ten years. 15 Have you read Mary Poppins? I began it last week and I've just finished it. / I'm just finishing it. 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 21 She said she knew me but I couldn't remember ... her before. (that I saw / to have seen / seeing / to see 22 Mrs Tuck sent the boy for some coconuts but she forgot ... him money. (giving / to give) 23 I wonder how you could forget ... that diamond ring to aunt Lucy. (giving / to give) 24 I'm rather fat, but I know what to do. I'll sell my car and buy a bike. When we saw the policeman we quickly ran behind a tree. Dora went to see her friend last night, and she hasn't come back yet. What will you be doing tomorrow? I'll be helping mummy with the housework. Is Dora in? Yes, she's been to the bank, but she's just come back. Can you see that picture? It has been on this wall for many years. Tomorrow I'm going to invite Cathy to a drink, then I'll tell her I love her. Have you heard the latest news? Peter married the Simpson girl yesterday. By the time we (get) there somebody had already taken the documents. Have you been waiting long for me? No, I came just now.

She said she couldn't forget ... that terrible play the night before. (seeing / to see / to have seen) 25 Tony and Dora can't ... to have a party next Sunday. (afford / agree / arrange / advise) 26 The director ... to employ another prompter in case Mr Whiskers got ill. (didn't mind / suggested / persuaded / couldn't afford / was ready) 27 Walking home from the theatre the girls ... having a drink at a snack bar. (suggested / couldn't resist / didn't mind) 28 How long do you intend ... working for this company? (going on / to go on) 29 Do you think we should go on ... the floor or shall we stop where we are? (polishing / to polish) 30 The manager welcomed the new secretary and then went on ... him the office. (showing / to show) 31 I regret ... you that we can't accept your job application at present. (informing / to inform)

32 Do you regret ... Mr Whiskers that he would be fired the following day? (telling / to tell) 33 I can't understand why they don't allow us ... in this street. (parking / to park) 34 I don't understand why they don't allow ... in this street. (parking / to park) 35 I wouldn't advise the boss ... Jenkins before we have found a new welder. (sacking / to sack / firing / to fire) 36 All the crew advised ... for a new boatswain but the captain didn't agree. (looking / to look) 37 He began ... his second opera before last Christmas. (to compose / composing) 38 Mother was beginning ... anxious when Susy said she would marry a sailor. (getting / to get) 39 When he threw the third stone at me I started ... that he wasn't my friend.

(realising / to realise) 40 I think the grass needs ... . Shall I call the gardener? (cutting / to be cut)

Relative Pronouns
(intermediate level)

Choose the correct answer(s) from those in parenthesis: 1 'Why are you so sad?' 'I've lost the bananas ___ I bought this morning.' ( / that / what)

2 Haven't you seen the man ___ bought a ticket from the conductor just now? ( / that / what / who / which)

3 I came upon the girl ___ was wearing the pink hat at your niece's wedding. ( / that / what / who / which)

4 Have you seen the man ___ is sitting with that girl in the corner before? ( / that / what / who / which)

The man ___ you were talking to at the meeting is my brother-in-law. ( / that / what / who / which)

6 The man, to ___ everybody tried to talk at the theatre, is my uncle. ( / that / what / who / whom / which)

7 'Was it an 87 bus ___ took you to the wrong place?' 'No, it was a 78.' ( / that / what / who / which)

8 The old lady ___ we met at the party last Sunday was Henry's aunt. (which / / where)

9 The grocer ___ we've stolen the tins from is Tony's second cousin. ( / that / what / who / which)

10 The attendant from ___ we bought the tickets was wearing a green uniform. ( / that / what / who / which / whom)

11 The storm by ___ the sheep got so frightened washed out the whole village. (whom / which / that / )

12 I'll promise to give you everything ___ I have if you don't let me down. ( / that / what / who / which)

13 Cathy says all ___ she needs for dinner is a big pumpkin. ( / that / what / who / which / whom)

14 Have you got anything ___ these poor women could take for their children? (which / that / / who)

15 The few friends ___ I have are all on holiday at the moment. (who / that / which)

16 The only thing ___ I can offer to Pam is taking her for a swim to Florida. (which / that / what / )

17 Tony said that was the best film ___ he had ever seen. (which / / that)

18 Dora said ___ she needed most was a long and quiet holiday. (that / which / what / )

19 ___ Cathy hates most in life is missing the last train on a rainy night. (What / Which / The thing)

20 She came to school in her swimming costume, ___ shocked her teachers. (what / which / that / who)

21 She sent me a letter ___ upset me. She didn't write to me, ___ upset me. (that - that / that - what / what - which / that - which)

22 Ton's van does 35 miles to the gallon, ___ is pretty good for such an old car.

(that / what / which)

23 The girl ___ sells flowers at the airport has recently married a pop star. (that / , that / , who / who / )

24 Susan ___ sells tickets at the box office, has gone on holiday. (that / , that / , who / who / )

25 The police can't find the woman ___ saw the burglar break into our house. (that / , that / , who / who / )

26 The man ___ car was stolen hasn't yet phoned the inspector. (who / whom / whose / that / that's / which)

27 The oysters ___ you ate last night ___ were brought from France. ( - / , which - , / that - ,)

28

The tall girl with the dog, ___ nobody recognized, was a famous actress. (which / that / whom)

29 Do you know anywhere ___ we could get our car serviced? (what / that / which / )

30 Sheila gave me a big glass of beer ___ was exactly ___ I needed. (which - what / , which - / , which - what / which - that)

31 Father lent me a pound ___ was all ___ I needed to buy Cathy an ice-cream. (, which - what / that - what / which - that / , which - that)

32 Tony is so sad that ___ car, ___ they bought a month ago, has broken down. (the - that / the - / their - which / their - that)

33 Tony is so sad that ___ car ___ they bought a month ago has broken down. (the - that / their - that / their - which)

34 She used to swim 1 miles a day, ___ was pretty good for her health. ( / that / what / who / which / whom)

35 I don't know why Sheila ___ such a great thinker ___ won't solve this problem. (, who's - , / who's - / that's - )

36 Mrs Tuck ___ was in the garage all the time, said nothing about the theft. (that / / who / , who)

37 My brother ___ who lives in London ___ works as a night watchman. (, - , / - / , - / - ,)

38 Why are you so worried? Nothing ___ we do will do your wife any harm. ( / that / what / who / which)

39 May I dare to hope that the little ___ I have done has been useful? ( / that / what / who / which)

40 They took the pilot ___ was going to fly the Vienna plane to hospital. ( / who / which)

Answer key 1 -/that 2 that/who 3 that/who 4 that/who 5 -/that/who 6 whom 7 that 89 that/who 10 whom 11 which 12 -/that 13 -/that 14 that 15 that 16 -/that 17 -/that 18 what 19 What 20 which 21 that - which 22 which 23 who 24 , who 25 that/who 26 whose 27 - - 28 whom 29 that/30 , which - what
(elementary level)

31 , which - that 32 their - which 33 the - that 34 which 35 , who's - , 36 , who 37 , - ,/- - 38 -/that 39 -/that 40 who

Basic sentence structure (1)

These tables will help you to understand and practice word order, which is one of the most important things in English grammar.
PresentSimple

I Do What do you you Who I don't

like like like

orange juice

orange juice ? ?

likes orange juice ? like orange juice .

PresentSimple

We Do Where do you you Who What do you We don't

go go go

to school

to school ? ?

goes to school ? do go to school ? .

PresentSimple(3rd personsingular)

Tony Does Tony Where does Tony Who What does Tony Tony doesn't

works in an office work work

in an office ? ?

works in an office ? do work in an office ? in an office .

PresentSimple(3rd personsingular)

My sister Does your sister When does your sister Who What does your sister My sister doesn't

gets up very early get up get up

very early ? ?

gets up very early ? do get up very early ? very early .

PresentSimple(with modalauxiliary)

She Can How can she she she Who She

can

swim well

swim well ? swim do can ? well ?

What can

swim well ? .

can't swim well

FutureSimple

Mr Tuck Will Mr Tuck When will Mr Tuck What will Mr Tuck Who

will

arrive tomorrow

arrive tomorrow ? arrive do will ? tomorrow ?

arrive tomorrow ? .

Mr Tuck won't arrive tomorrow

PresentProgressive

Cathy Is Cathy Where is Cathy What is Cathy Who

is

sleeping in her bedroom

sleeping in her bedroom ? sleeping doing is ? in her bedroom ?

sleeping in her bedroom ? ,

Cathy isn't sleeping in her bedroom

PresentProgressive

I Are What are What are you you you Who I

'm

playing tennis

playing tennis ? playing doing is ? ?

playing tennis ? .

'm not playing tennis

Basic sentence structure (2)

(elementary level)

These tables will help you to understand and practice word order, which is one of the most important things in English grammar.

Past Simple

The tourists Did What What did did the tourists the tourists the tourists the tourists Who The tourists didn't

visited the museum yesterday visit visit do visit the museum

the museum yesterday ? yesterday ? yesterday ? ?

When did

visited the museum yesterday ? visit the museum yesterday .

Past Simple

Dora Did Dora What did Dora

went to the cinema last night go do

to the cinema last night ? last night ?

Where did Dora When did Dora Who Dora didn't

go go to the cinema

last night ? ?

went to the cinema last night ? go to the cinema last night .

Past Simplewith modalauxiliary

He Could How could he he he he he Who He

could

swim well when he was young

swim well when he was young ? swim swim well do do could when he was young ? ? when he was young ? well when he was young ?

When could What What could could

swim well when he was young ? .

couldn't swim well when he was young

Past Progressive

The director Was What What was was the director the director the director the director Who

was

reading a book by the window

reading a book by the window ? reading doing reading a book was by the window ? by the window ? ?

Where was

reading a book by the window ? .

The director wasn't reading a book by the window

Question patterns
(elementary level)

Study how you can put questions to different parts of a sentence:

1 My friend works in a restaurant. Does your friend work in a restaurant? My friend works in a restaurant. Where does your friend work? My friend works in a restaurant. What does your friend do? My friend works in a restaurant. What does your friend do in a restaurant? My friend works in a restaurant. Who works in a restaurant? My friend works in a restaurant. Whose friend works in a restaurant?

2 Peter is sitting in an armchair. Is Peter sitting in an armchair? Peter is sitting in an armchair. Where is Peter sitting? Peter is sitting in an armchair. What is Peter doing? Peter is sitting in an armchair. What is Peter doing in an armchair? Peter is sitting in an armchair. Who is sitting in an armchair?

3 We've got two dogs. Have you got two dogs?

We've got two dogs. What have you got? We've got two dogs. How many dogs have you got? We've got two dogs. Who's got two dogs? (Who has got two dogs?)

4 Cathy is cooking the meal in the kitchen. Is Cathy cooking the meal in the kitchen? Cathy is cooking the meal in the kitchen. Where is Cathy cooking the meal? Cathy is cooking the meal in the kitchen. What is Cathy cooking in the kitchen? Cathy is cooking the meal in the kitchen. What is Cathy doing in the kitchen? Cathy is cooking the meal in the kitchen. Who is cooking the meal in the kitchen?

5 I get up at nine on Sundays. Do you get up at nine on Sundays? I get up at nine on Sundays. What time do you get up on Sundays? I get up at nine on Sundays. When do you get up at nine? I get up at nine on Sundays. What do you do at nine on Sundays? I get up at nine on Sundays. Who gets up at nine on Sundays?

Question patterns
(pre-intermediate level)

Study how you can put questions to different parts of a sentence:

1 I clean my sister's car on Saturday afternoons. Do you clean your sister's car on Saturday afternoons? I clean my sister's car on Saturday afternoons. When do you clean your sister's car? I clean my sister's car on Saturday afternoons. On which afternoons do you clean your sister's car? I clean my sister's car on Saturday afternoons. What do you clean on Saturday afternoons? I clean my sister's car on Saturday afternoons. Whose car do you clean on Saturday afternoons? I clean my sister's car on Saturday afternoons. Whose sister's car do you clean on Saturday afternoons? I clean my sister's car on Saturday afternoons. What do you do on Saturday afternoons? I clean my sister's car on Saturday afternoons. Who cleans your sister's car on Saturday afternoons?

2 Peter caught a large fish in the lake yesterday. Did Peter catch a large fish in the lake yesterday? Peter caught a large fish in the lake yesterday. When did Peter catch a large fish in the lake? Peter caught a large fish in the lake yesterday. Where did Peter catch a large fish yesterday? Peter caught a large fish in the lake yesterday. What did Peter catch in the lake yesterday? Peter caught a large fish in the lake yesterday. What kind of fish did Peter catch in the lake yesterday?

Peter caught a large fish in the lake yesterday. A large what did Peter catch in the lake yesterday? Peter caught a large fish in the lake yesterday. What did Peter do yesterday? Peter caught a large fish in the lake yesterday. Who caught a large fish in the lake yesterday?

3 Last night we couldn't see Miller's play at the Royal Theatre. Could you see Miller's play at the Royal Theatre last night? Last night we couldn't see Miller's play at the Royal Theatre. Where couldn't you see Miller's play last night? Last night we couldn't see Miller's play at the Royal Theatre. At what theatre couldn't you see Miller's play last night? Last night we couldn't see Miller's play at the Royal Theatre. What couldn't you see at the Royal Theatre last night? Last night we couldn't see Miller's play at the Royal Theatre. What play couldn't you see at the Royal Theatre last night? Last night we couldn't see Miller's play at the Royal Theatre. What couldn't you do at the Royal Theatre last night? Last night we couldn't see Miller's play at the Royal Theatre. When couldn't you see Miller's play at the Royal Theatre? Last night we couldn't see Miller's play at the Royal Theatre. Which night couldn't you see Miller's play at the Royal Theatre? Last night we couldn't see Miller's play at the Royal Theatre. Who couldn't see Miller's play at the Royal Theatre last night?

Tense and Aspect in English

(intermediate level)

Tense and aspect are two different grammatical categories, but they always go together in a given phrase or structure.

There are six (three primary and three secondary) tenses and two aspects in English:

Tenses

Aspects

present present perfect past future past perfect future perfect

common progressive (continuous)

Present Simple (present tense + common aspect) 1 Usual, regular action: I always go out on Saturday evenings. She never gets up early in the morning. My father paints pictures. We sometimes take the children to the zoo. Peter goes to secondary school. 2 General existence; stating a fact: Dogs have four legs. The moon goes round the earth. 3 Dramatic narrative (theatre, sports, etc. events): Smith holds the ball, now he passes it to Jones, he kicks, and it's a goal!
Questionand negationin PresentSimple

Do you (ever) go out on Saturdays?

Yes, I do. / No, I don't. Yes, I often do. No, I never do. Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. Yes, she sometimes does. No, she never does. I work in an office. He works in a bank.

Does she get up early? What do you do? What does your father do?

Where does he live?

He lives in Paris.

Where do you take the children on Sundays? We always go to the zoo. I don't go out on Saturdays. She doesn't get up early in the morning. They don't live in this street.

Present Progressive (present tense + progressive aspect) 1 Action happening now (at the moment): I'm sitting here and listening to you. Look out, it's raining. 2 Action happening about this time, but not necessarily at the moment: He's teaching French and Italian. They're attending a course on philosophy. 3 Definite arrangement in the near future: I'm flying to London tomorrow. My daughter is going out with Jason tonight.
Questionand negationin PresentProgressive

Are you listening to me? Is it raining? What are they doing? Where is she going tonight? She isn't going to the cinema. I'm not working now. They aren't watching TV tonight.

Yes, I am. / No, I'm not. Yes, it is. / No, it isn't. The're playing tennis. She's going to the cinema.

Past Simple (past tense + common aspect)

Actions and events in the past: I played tennis with Sheila yesterday. Grandfather came home early. It rained last night.
Questionand negation

Did you play tennis yesterday?

Yes, I did. / No I didn't.

Did your sister have a good time in the club? Yes, she did. / No, she didn't. When did grandfather come home? I didn't play tennis yesterday. Grandfather didn't come home last night. He came home at six.

Past Progressive (past tense + progressive aspect) Action in progress in the past: I was sleeping when mother came home. We were playing tennis at six yesterday. She was studying English from six to seven.
Questionand negationin Past Progressive

Were you sleeping then? What were you doing at six yesterday?

Yes, I was. / No I wasn't. Yes, we were. / No, we weren't. I was writing my homework.

What was she studying from six to seven? She was studying chemistry. We weren't playing at six. She wasn't studying anything.

Present Perfect Simple (present perfect tense + common aspect) 1 Action with a result:

Sorry, I've broken your glasses. Have you done your homework (yet)? We haven't had breakfast yet. He has already cleaned the car. 2 Action in incomplete time: Our team have played six matches this season. 3 Action in the past without saying when: Peter has already been to England. Have you ever visited this museum? 4 Action beginning in the past and still continuing: We have lived here for ten years. She has played the guitar since 1986.
Questionand negationin PresentPerfect

Have you done your homework? Has he cleaned the car? What have you done? I haven't seen you for ages. She hasn't been to England (yet).

Yes, I have. / No, I haven't. Yes, he has. / No, he hasn't. I've broken this glass.

PresentPerfector Past?

I've (already) been to England. (The fact is important, the time when I was there isn't mentioned.) She's just posted the letter. (The result is important.)

I went to England last year. (The time of the action is mentioned.) She posted the letter a minute ago. (It's important when the action was completed.)

Present Perfect Progressive (present perfect tense + progressive aspect) Cp. Pres. Perf. 4 (above) with the progress emphasized:

We've been living here for ten years. She has been playing the guitar all this morning.
PresentPerfectSimpleor Progressive?

I've written three letters today. (The action has been completed, the letters are finished.) The guests have stayed here for seven days. (They have just left or they're leaving now.)

I've been writing letters all day today. (This is /or was/ my activity today, I haven't finished yet, or the result isn't important.) The guests have been staying here for seven days. (They are still here.)

Past Perfect Simple (past perfect tense + common aspect) Action in the past before another: She said she had played tennis with Peter the day before. We had lived in Oxford before we moved to London.

Past Perfect Progressive (past perfect tense + progressive aspect) Past Perf. with the progress emphasized: She said she had been playing tennis all that morning.

Future Simple (future tense + common aspect) Future actions and events: I'll have a day off tomorrow. Our train will arrive at 7.30.

Future Progressive (future tense + progressive aspect) Action in progress at a given time in the future:

This time tomorrow we'll be flying to Scotland. He will be working when you come home tomorrow.

Future Perfect (future perfect tense + common aspect) Action completed by a given time in the future: They will have finished the work by seven tomorrow. I'll have posted all the letters by the time the boss comes back.

Future Perfect Progressive (future perfect tense + progressive aspect) Action still in progress for a given period of time in the future: By this time next week the tourists will have been staying here for five days.

Conditionals
(intermediate level)

These examples may make it easier for you to understand conditional sentences:
Type 1 - Open Condition She will help you if you ask her. The children will go to the zoo if father doesn't take them fishing. If the weather is good, we'll go water-skiing on the lake. If I see Susie, I'll tell her about your sister's accident. They won't arrange a party if Aunt Lucy doesn't help with the cake. They won't arrange a party unless Aunt Lucy helps with the cake. The burglar won't get into the house if we lock the windows too. Will you tell me the secret if I promise to keep it?

Type 2 - Half-Open Condition She would help you if you asked her. The children would go to the zoo if father didn't take them fishing. If the weather were/was good, we'd go water-skiing on the lake. If I saw Susie, I'd tell her about your sister's accident. They wouldn't arrange a party if Aunt Lucy didn't help with the cake. They wouldn't arrange a party unless Aunt Lucy helped with the cake. The burglar wouldn't get into the house if we locked the windows too.

Would you tell me the secret if I promised to keep it?

Type 3 - Closed Condition She would have helped you if you had asked her. The children would have gone to the zoo if father hadn't taken them fishing. If the weather had been good, we'd have gone water-skiing on the lake. If I had seen Susie, I'd have told her about your sister's accident. They wouldn't have arranged a party if Aunt Lucy hadn't helped with the cake. They wouldn't have arranged a party unless Aunt Lucy had helped with the cake. The burglar wouldn't have got into the house if we had locked the windows too. Would you have told me the secret if I had promised to keep it?

Family / look / character

(intermediate level)

Find the best answer(s): 1 Mr Tuck says his family ____ Australia. come from comes from are from 2 Isn't it so pleasant when all the family ____ sitting together at breakfast? are is 3 The school is still burning. ____ the fire brigade arrived yet? Haven't Hasn't 4 There won't be anything the matter if the police ____ in time. arrives arrive 5

Arsenal ____ won only five of ____ matches this season. has - its have - its have - their has - their 6 My mother-in-law says I shouldn't have married her ____ . niece cousin daughter step-sister 7 When a spinster gets married to a bachelor they can't have ____ . a church wedding a best man twins (none of the above answers is correct) 8 Your sister-in-law's husband can be your ____ . brother-in-law step-brother cousin son-in-law brother 9 Your aunt is your father's or mother's ____ . sister-in-law sister wife

husband brother 10 If your father takes a second wife, she will be your ____ . step-mother mother-in-law aunt uncle 11 Your sister's or brother's daughter is your ____ . nephew cousin step-daughter niece 12 A man at his wedding ceremony and for a short time afterwards is called '____'. best man wed-husband bridegroom bride 13 Dora is so ____ . She will never go out with anybody except her husband. restless generous handsome faithful 14 He was so ____ that he admitted making all those mistakes.

gentle honest jealous envious 15 Mr Tuck was sure that his sister-in-law was ____ of his wife. envious reliable familiar reluctant 16 My aunt is awfully ____ my uncle's secretary. I don't really know why. envious of jealous of rude to 17 I don't think Mr Whiskers is a person people can ____ on. rely trust envy 18 Polly was so ____ that she managed to become general manager of the firm. envious generous ambitious practical 19 Sam is so ____ . He loses things and he forgets about important meetings.

untidy absent-minded carefree 20 The delivery boy was ____ enough to drop the milk bottles on the doorstep. carefree careless uncareful 21 Do you like the diamond ring that Tommy has brought me? Isn't he ____ ? generous modest reliable 22 Mr Tuck is rather tall and slim. He has an upright ____ and a ____ complexion. nose - thinning face - dark figure - fair 23 Has your sister-in-law got long ____ hair and a ____ complexion? curly - pale straight - rosy curved - upright wavy - fresh 24 She's got ____ eye-lashes and ____ eyebrows. curving - pencilled long - straight

short - arched hooked - snub 25 Are you speaking of the man who's got a ____ forehead and ____ eyes? long - curly broad - humorous narrow - bright high - dark 26 Cathy's a fair-haired lovely girl of ____ with a round face and bright eyes. medium sized a thin figure seventeen 27 Tony's got a ____ nose and ____ lips. turned-up - full snub - pale hooked - thin 28 You can't say you didn't see the woman ____ standing near the fair-haired boy. with the umbrella left of the man right side 29 There is a young blue-eyed lady ____ the man in the leather jacket. beside to the right of alongside 30

I think your sister ____ your father. She doesn't look like your mother at all. turns out of is keen on makes up with takes after 31 This ____ little girl of twelve is my sister-in-law's niece. blue-eyed blue-skirted 32 The woman in the ____ of the picture is wearing a long skirt and a red blouse. middle left hand left 33 I wonder if you saw the man ____ in the street when we went to see your uncle. in the leather coat with the cap with glasses standing 34 I can't guess why this ____ man is so proud of the woman beside him. suntanned smiling dark-haired 35 Do you know the name of that elegant old lady with the ____ sitting opposite us? moustache whiskers

beard pink hat 36 A grey-haired ____ sailor in high boots was knocking at the door of the pub. one-armed bearded 37 There was ____ sheep grazing quietly in the fields when we arrived at the farm. a flock of a pack of a cattle of a herd of 38 We saw ____ birds flying swiftly through the sky. a flock of a flight of a cattle of 39 My aunt and uncle invited ____ guests to their wedding anniversary. a cattle of a bunch of a party of a roll of 40 Uncle Henry always takes ____ hounds with him when he goes hunting. a pack of a herd of a bunch of a sheet of

41 ____ cows were grazing in the field when we arrived. a roll of a bunch of a cattle of 42 Mr Tuck turned up at the party with ____ flowers for the hostess. a sheet of a herd of a bunch of 43 Where shall I put this ____ paper? roll of sheet of piece of

Food and meals

(intermediate level)

Find the best answer(s): 1 Tommy was so happy when mother said they'd have a strawberry cake ____ . for tea after dinner with cream 2 'Can I have ____. carrots and beans?' 'Oh yes. Help yourself ____ peas too.' any - to some - with some - to any - with

3 May I help you ____ the fish? at of with to 4 'Do you like this Yorkshire pudding?' 'It's ____ !' marvellous delicious lovely 5 'May I have something to drink?' 'Help yourself ____ the beer.' to with 6 I'm amazed at your cooking. Still I think this soup ____ too salty. =tastes smells looks xx I really enjoyed Dora's dinner. Even if the beef tasted ____ rubber. of like 7 ____ is the flesh of sheep used as meat. veal calf pork

mutton beef 8 Chips are ____ potatoes. refined fried baked simmered stewed 9 If I were you I'd ____ this lovely pork on a gridiron. bake grill fry stew 10 Pour boiling water on the tealeaves and let it ____ for three minutes. boil brew broil stew 11 Heat the water to boiling point, then let the soup ____ for thirty minutes. broil grill simmer stew 12 We had a lovely steak with ____ potatoes and gravy for dinner.

mashed baked fried 13 You usually use a ____ for making scrambled eggs. processor frying pan gridiron broiler spit 14 You never ____ meat on a turnspit. stew grill broil roast 15 No sea-fruits were served at the party except for some fine ____ . whelks mussels shrimps 16 There were several ____ on a round plate on the small table in the corner. trout salmon lobsters 17 'Are you ready to order?' 'Yes. ____ the lamb cutlets with peas.'

I'd like to have I fancy having I'll take 18 I suggest starting with some ____ . Then we can have a closer look at the menu. hors d'oeuvres light soup 19 'I'll have an omelette to start with.' 'And ____ ? I recommend the veal.' to follow to drink 20 Would you like peas ____ the meat, or would you prefer a green salad? to go with with 21 'Can I have a cup of coffee?' ' ____ ?' And a sweet Black or white 22 'Can I have some rice pudding?' '____ .' Help yourself Yes, please No, thanks. 23 Help yourself to the lemonade. I ____ the lemons myself.

sprinkled grated squeezed whipped 24 Will you ____ the cream while I squeeze the lemons? whip grate grind simmer 25 Put tomato sauce on the spaghetti and ____ it with freshly grated cheese. spread spice add sprinkle 26 Can't you smell something burning? You'd better go and ____ the stew in the pot. mince squeeze stir grind 27 We had tomato salad with ____ to go with the steak. Then we ate some pears. grated cheese chopped onions garlic 28 You must ____ the apples if you want me to make apple pie for tea.

mash grind squeeze 29 'Have you beaten those eggs?' 'No. I can't find the ____ .' saucepan egg whisk grinder 30 I wanted to buy some ____ but the butcher said he hadn't had poultry for a week. calf calves beef chicken mutton veal pork 31 Dora served us a marvellous plate of fried pork with vegetable ____ . garnish dressing 32 I've got everything to make the salad except the vinegar for the ____ . dressing braising 33 Let's have ____ fillets of beef garnished with boiled potatoes and brown sauce. braised stewed

34 You don't usually fry eggs in ____ . a saucepan an oven an egg whisk 35 Lots of English people have ____ with milk for breakfast. porridge cornflakes cereals 36 At supper in England you ____ say 'thank you' to the hostess after every course. needn't should must 37 The English use the back of the ____ even when eating garnish with the meat. knife plate fork saucer 38 Be careful with the egg whisk. Don't ____ the eggs too ____ ! heat - hot boil - hard slice - thin beat - stiff 39 I'm afraid Aunt Lucy won't eat any ____ . She's a vegetarian.

asparagus garlic mutton parsley veal 40 Oh, this cake is so lovely! Can you give me its ____ ? recipe prescriptions 41 The man at the snack bar asked me if I wanted ____ with the fish and chips. vinegar sauce lettuce 42 Chinese dishes are said to be rather ____ . Have you ever tried them? hot spicy 43 ____ food can make you rather fat and it isn't good for your teeth. Sugary Starchy 44 I hope your fish soup isn't too hot. I'm not used to ____ food. highly seasoned overcooked 45 Can I borrow your ____ book? I forgot how to make that fancy caramel cake.

cuisine kitchen cookery 46 The waiter recommended fresh mushroom salad ____ the young couple. with to for 47 She said she didn't ____ beer. So I ordered some dry white wine. feel like having care for go in for 48 Do you like ____ your meals ____ friends or do you prefer eating alone? bringing - to taking - with having - for 49 Shall we invite Sheila ____ the party? I can remember what she did last time. to for in into

Transport
(intermediate level)

Find the best answer(s): 1 The London underground is called the ____ .

subway metro tube 2 You're not allowed to ____ on the top of an English double-decker. stand smoke 3 There are no ____ in London. trams bus lanes traffic wardens 4 Sheila said we might as well have taken ____ to Heathrow. a taxi the Green Line an Airbus 5 I see the taxi has arrived. Why don't we get ____ ? in on 6 You shouldn't ____ the queue at the bus stop even in the greatest hurry. join run jump enter 7 I usually walk to my office as buses are always ____ during the rush hours.

crowded packed full 8 Peter couldn't understand why you mustn't____ your ticket yourself on a train. prick punch cancel 9 Be careful. There is no conductor on this bus. You must use the ____ . ticket machine machine 10 I couldn't punch my ticket because there wasn't a ____ machine there. ticket slot 11 The pavement is called '____' in AmericanEnglish. sidewalk kerbside subway walkpath 12 An increasing number of tourists cross the border ____ . in their cars by car 13 You mustn't drive so fast here. Will you ____ , please?

speed up accelerate slow down draw up 14 The gangsters' car ____ at a fantastic speed after the robbery. pulled up drew up turned in moved off 15 Have you ever been fined for ____ the speed limit? breaking exceeding 16 You mustn't do a U-turn in this street. Can't you see it's a ____ street? one-way blind narrow 17 Slow down! Can't you see the ____ lights of the car in front of you? rear stop 18 Why don't you turn on your ____ ? It's too foggy in the valley. bumpers indicators headlights 19

Dora always forgets to ____ the handbrake before starting the car. loose press release push 20 Do you think it's going to rain? The windscreen ____ are out of order. cleaners sweepers wipers shields 21 'Will you fill up the tank, please.' 'Super or ____ , sir?' normal ordinary usual regular 22 Don't be surprised that the engine got overheated. The ____ is almost empty. oil pump carburetter trunk radiator 23 'Will you check the oil and put some air into the ____ , please?' tyres wheels bumpers clutch

24 'Is your car economic?' 'Well, it does thirty miles ____ .' an hour a week to the gallon 25 The policeman fined me as I was ____ more than 70 miles per hour. making speeding doing taking 26 How many miles per gallon does your car ____ ? do take make drive 27 I'm afraid you've broken the ____ . mirror speed limit windscreen 28 'Can you tell me the way to the nearest ____ station, please?' petrol filling service 29 I'm afraid you must take this car to the nearest ____ as the oil is dripping.

service repairman garage 30 'Why has the engine stopped?' 'I think we've ____ petrol.' run over run out of failed in

Weather
(intermediate level)

Find the best answer(s): 1 Winters are not too cold in England for the Atlantic winds are ____ in winter. wet cool warm mild 2 Britain is often said to have no ____ but only weather. cyclones climate oceans meteorology 3 It's so pleasant to walk in the park when the weather is ____ . chilly settled warm mild

4 It's ____ when frozen raindrops are falling from the sky. hailing sleeting drizzling 5 The snow ____ at the end of the winter. sleets freezes melts drizzles 6 If only we had a little rain after this long ____ . draught shower drought storm 7 Are you mad to go out in such nasty weather? It's raining ____ . cats and dogs damp and wet hail and ice like a drizzle 8 The cat was so frightened by the ____ that it ran into the house. lightning thunder blizzard snowstorm 9

Temperature can be measured with a(n) ____ . hour-glass thermometer forecast 10 The lightning is a flash of light produced by electricity between ____ . thunders showers blizzards clouds 11 Cathy likes sunbathing when it's hot and____ . drizzling sleeting misty dry 12 I'm afraid we can't take a good photo of those hills now. It's too ____ . misty hazy foggy bright 13 You can't say you're going to swim now? Isn't it too ____ ? chilly humid 14 There is a ____ fog all over the lake. thick misty

sleeting drizzle 15 'Why are your jeans so muddy?' 'I stepped into a ____ .' puddle paddle sleet slate 16 The weather ____ for the next few weeks has just been announced on the radio. report forecast 17 We couldn't come earlier as the ____ blocked up the roads in our village. frost blizzard drought 18 A great number of people had to leave their homes because of the ____ . lightning thunder earthquake 19 Switch on the headlights when we reach the valley. It seems too ____ there. foggy frosty dewy 20

The ice has melted. I think we can go ____ tomorrow morning. skating jogging sailing 21 Why don't you put on a pullover if ____ cold? you're you've got a 22 I'm sorry I can't go with you. ____ cold, so I must see a doctor. I've got a I'm 23 'Steady rain is forecast for tomorrow.' 'How ____ ! I'm planning to go fishing.' awful terrible disappointing 24 It's been freezing for days now. Still I hope we'll get a fine ____ very soon. sunstroke hail flood cold weekend 25 We knew that it would rain very soon as there was a ____ in the sky. rainbow sunstroke gale

26 It was pouring with rain but Mr Whiskers just turned up his ____ and walked on. heels sleeves collar umbrella 27 We told her to stay in the ____ but all in vain. She got sunstroke at last. sleet shade sun 28 My wife didn't believe that we went into that bar only to ____ from the rain. shelter prevent protect 29 It was said on the radio that the ____ had torn up trees from the ground. mud sleet drizzle hurricane thunder breeze 30 You can't go fishing without your ____ on in such rainy and muddy weather. goggles wellingtons knickerbockers

braces boots

At the Doctor's
(intermediate level)

Find the best answer(s): 1 'Good morning. What's ____ with you?' 'I've got a bad cough and a headache.' the matter wrong 2 'Hi, doc! A lovely day, isn't it?' 'Oh, hello, George. What's ____ ?' wrong the matter up 3 'What's the matter with you?' 'I've got a ____ .' sore throat pain in my leg stomach-ache 4 'Oh dear, you look so pale. I'm sure you should ____ a doctor.' have see need 5 'Well, you look a bit exhausted. Anyway, I'm going to take your ____ .'

pulse blood-pressure temperature 6 I don't know why the doctor thinks that I've got flu. He didn't even ____ . examine me sound my back feel my pulse 7 'Oh doctor, I feel so sick and uneasy.' 'Well, ____ examine you.' let me I'm going to I'll 8 When Dora broke her leg she was at home with her leg in ____ for three weeks. dressing bandaged plaster crunches 9 I don't know why you must suffer. Why don't you ____ a good doctor? see consult call 10 The doctor didn't say anything, he just ____ a prescription and let me go. filled made out

wrote on subscribed 11 I wonder why you don't take the medicine that the doctor ____ you. made out for wrote nursed prescribed 12 Here's a ____ . Could you go to the chemist's and have it made up? recipe medicine prescription 13 I'm sure this is only a slight cold. But the doctor says I must ____ hospital. see be taken to go to the visit 14 'Have you had your bad tooth taken out?' 'No, it only needed to be ____ .' submitted filled fixed fitted 15 Mr Paddle choked because he didn't take out his ____ before sleeping.

medicine false teeth denture 16 I'm sorry, but you can't see Dr Dodd now. He works only by ____ . arrange appointment application himself appliance 17 The nurse didn't let me in as I hadn't ____ an appointment with the doctor. agreed asked fixed done 18 When the nurse ____ me into the surgery, I felt I wasn't ill at all. showed let took 19 It's too late to examine you now. Will you come back tomorrow during ____? lunchtime surging hours early morning surgery hours 20 Dr Dodd always works alone, he's never ____ by a nurse in his surgery.

appointed arranged assisted accelerated accomplished 21 I was surprised when he pulled out my tooth without giving me a(n) ____ . volunteer injection indigestion temptation 22 The patient ____ of a pain in his limbs and small red spots all over his body. denied complained suffered recovered 23 Let me have a look at your tongue. I'd like to see whether it's ____ or not. red injured infected 24 My grandfather ____ a nervous condition and pneumonia. complains of suffers from recovered from 25 I don't know what the matter is, but the doctors found ____ in my urine.

a stone a safety pin sugar measles 26 The doctor ordered me a complete rest and ____ treatment. spa medical electric insurance 27 Do you suffer from shivering and a pain in the ____ ? joints limbs chest 28 Grandfather needs a change of air as he suffers from a ____ of breath. shortness laxity failure short 29 I'm afraid the baby's got a cold. He's been coughing and ____ all day. sneezing vomiting breathing 30 I must buy another dozen hankies. My wife's got flu and her nose is ____ .

pouring soaked through running soaking 31 The patient says he's ____ with cold and he's got a temperature of 39. vomiting dizzy shivering scared 32 How long have you been suffering from a ____ of sleep? lack shortness shortage sweating 33 Did you say you vomited several times? Well, this must be a sort of ____ . indigestion food poisoning 34 You must stay in bed for three days and take these ____ three times a day. pills tablets capsules 35 The doctor told me to take these ____ three times a day after meals. medics ointments

drinks pills 36 The doctor told me to take this ____ three times a day after meals. medicine ointment capsules 37 'Tony had a bad accident last week.' 'Did he get ____ ?' injured hurt to hospital 38 They didn't take the driver to hospital, his ____ were dressed on the premises. wounds plasters injuries cuts 39 Tony came out of hospital with a ____ arm but very happy. broken bandaged plastered 40 As he told us he was lucky that he didn't have to be ____ . injured operated on infected inflamed

41 That stupid chemist refused to make up the ____ that the doctor prescribed. medicine mixture powder 42 The surgeon told me he didn't want to see me hanging around the ____ again. syringes operating-room dietician 43 You're a bit fat. You should avoid eating so much ____ , I'm afraid. rich food lean meat light food fruit 44 Sheila says her ____ headache is due to the neighbour's singing out of tune. splitting sweating shivering trembling

Theatre, cinema
(intermediate level)

Find the best answer(s): 1 'Shall we go out tonight?' 'I don't know. What's ____ the cinema?' in on

up on on at 2 'I took Dora to the ____ last night.' 'Did you see a good film?' cinema pictures movies 3 Have you seen Teddy Bare's latest film? I've heard that the ____ is great. photography cast script 4 You're not supposed to ____ at cinemas in Britain. see a film twice hiss take a seat 5 I've heard there's a terrific film on at the Odeon ____ Cathy Tommer. starring featuring with 6 Mrs Whiskers goes to the cinema every evening because she's a(n) ____ . usherette cinema fan 7 I don't think the children will understand the film if it isn't ____ .

'Well, ask the ____ .' usherette attendant ticket seller 18 Most of the cinemas in Britain have ____ performances. first-run fixed up continuous 19 You can never see a(n) ____ film if you are younger than eighteen. 'X' 'A' 'U' 20 I wonder what the usherette will say if I don't leave my umbrella in the ____ . cloakroom stalls gallery prompter's box 21 'Can I book two tickets for tomorrow?' '____ or evening, miss?' Matine First night 22 'Can I get a ticket to The Mousetrap?' 'Sorry, but this performance is ____ .'

sold out fully booked cancelled 23 'Can I get two tickets for Saturday?' 'Well, I've got two ____ at 3.15.' in the gallery stalls 24 When a performance is fully booked you sometimes queue for ____ in England. standing room the gallery returns 25 'I'd like four tickets together in the ____ , if possible.' dress circle stalls gods 26 'Well, I've got two stalls together in ____ at the side.' row F the dress circle the gallery 27 'Are those ____ close to the stage?' 'Oh yes, just look at the seat-plan.' seats stalls boxes 28

'Have you got any ____ left for tonight's showing of the Pink Elephant?' seats tickets 29 The play wasn't bad, but although we sat ____ we could hardly see the stage. in the circle in the stalls in a box 30 The head of a theatre company is called a ____ . headmaster director manager conductor 31 'Would you like these two stalls in row K?' 'Yes, ____ .' I do I please they will do 32 In the theatre there is a ____ on which the play is performed. curtain prompter gallery stage 33 Actors and actresses ____ the play before it's performed. act set

rehearse produce 34 Those who play parts in a play are called the ____ . cast audience performs props 35 The scenery is usually built up on the stage by ____ . stage hands stage managers prompters builders 36 When an actor forgets what he has to say the prompter ____ his lines to him. whistles reads out whispers 37 A curtain call is when the actors come out to ____ at the end of a play. nod clap hiss whistle bow 38 The audience liked the play so much that they didn't stop ____ for a long time.

whistling hissing whispering clapping 39 The first performance of a play is called the ____ in Britain. premiere full house first night dress rehearsal 40 ____ directions are printed instructions for actors playing parts in a play. Scene Stage Screen 41 The time between two acts of a play is called a(n) ____ . break halftime interval 42 Cathy always says that she would hate being in the ____ on a stage. limelight spotlight 43 Mr Whiskers has always dreamed of being a famous ____ . playwright dramatist theatre critic

44 Cecily Thomson has never tried to gain popularity by playing to the ____ . gallery stalls boxes dress circle 45 Good actors always try to sing ____ tune when they rehearse a musical. out of for at in 46 It's a ____ who manages the back stage production of a play. chief director stage manager producer arranger 47 I saw an awful ____ last night. Half the audience left before the play ended. comedy tragedy thriller 48 Why don't we leave our coats in the ____ ? It's too hot in the auditorium. box-office cloakroom usherette 49

The play was a complete failure as none of the actors could ____ the show. lift steal move return 50 'Hurry up! Let's get to the cloakroom before the curtain ____ .' falls risesIn

the Country

(intermediate level)

Find the best answer(s): 1 I like spring when bees are humming and all the flowers are in ____ . bloom gloom broom groom 2 Tony hasn't climbed up a tree since that____ broke and he fell down. leaf bud blossom branch 3 Look, the cherry trees are all ____ . I hope summer is coming very soon. blossoming blooming 4 Cathy says she likes ____ roses best of all flowers.

blossoming blooming 5 Tony arrived at Dora's birthday party with a big bunch of ____ . pumpkins pinks marrows robins 6 'Do you like garden flowers?' 'Yes, I like ____ best of all.' firs pines maples lilies 7 Let's go into the wood. I wonder who can collect the most ____ . barley woodlarks mushrooms salmon 8 I'll go out to the fields and see if they've gathered in the ____ . barley wheat rye 9 Let's have our lunch while the cattle are quietly grazing in the ____ . furrow farrow

meadow cowshed 10 Where shall we put the rest of the crops? All the ____ are full. barns pens sties stables 11 Tony has borrowed a threshing machine to ____ the harvest. mow sow hoe up process 12 You'd better ____ the ground twice before sowing those valuable seeds. plough dig up hoe up 13 Look at those weeds. I wonder who on earth will ____ them ____ if not me. hoe / up mow / up plough / 14 'Don't you know where Cathy is?' 'She's milking the ____ in the shed.' cows oxen mules

15 ____ vegetables doesn't seem to be a very good business these days. Feeding Raising Breeding 16 Uncle Henry ____ at least a hundred fowl on his farm. keeps raises breeds 17 Not only does he ____ vegetables but he also breeds first class horses. raise grow make 18 Sorry for being late, but I had to feed the animals in the ____ . sty pen stable 19 'Have you got a dog?' 'Yes, I've got two ____ .' beagles bobtails whippets 20 Dora has taken the children to the zoo because they wanted to see the ____ .

turtles mowers sickles 21 Tony says he won't come to the zoo unless we have a look at the ____ too. reptiles rodents insects 22 I don't think many zoos in the country have a ____ on show. boar sperm whale monkey brown bear 23 Let's have a look at the beasts of prey. I'd especially like to see the ____ . kangaroos cockatoos panthers elephants 24 When in the zoo I always go to see the ____ first as I'm fond of reptiles. aquarium terrarium green house cowshed 25 There are no ____ in the local zoo as they don't have sea water for them.

walruses seals polar bears 26 The ____ is a small mammal that eats mostly beetles and other insects. lynx hyena cheetah badger 27 The ____ are allowed to roam at large in most zoos. peacocks lions snakes camels 28 It's most interesting to see when they ____ the animals in the zoo. water feed breed 29 Imagine, our little ____ has given birth to seven puppies this morning. dog pussycat parrot 30 Cathy thought of buying a ____ but then she bought a Rolls Royce instead.

farm cottage house

Conversational topics
(general guide to an oral exam at intermediate level)

The following list is to give you ideas and some vocabulary which may be useful at an oral language exam. Personal introduction personal particulars, ID (identity card), passport, driving licence how you prove your identity (when do you need to prove it?) permanent address, temporary address, marital status personal code number (cp. human rights in data procession) what to do when losing your ID (authority, form, revenue stamp) education, studies, degrees The family relatives, relations; getting along with the members of the family; the ideal family image; describe somebody from your family (look + character & behaviour) Look, appearance, character figure, face, hair, eyes, (eye)brows, (eye)lashes, complexion, nose, mouth, etc. behaviour, manner, temper Picture description in the middle/centre/foreground/background, on the left/right (hand side), to the left/right of ... , at the top/bottom, in the top/bottom left/right hand side corner, in front of, behind, beside, between,; Special family occasions birthdays, name days, anniversaries, funerals (?), Christmas, Easter wedding, mother's day, family gathering, garden party, family festival; Friends "friends should be few and good" - do you agree? "a friend in need is a friend indeed" - what's your opinion?

describe and characterize one of your friends have you got your best friend? why is he/she different from others? your favourite kinds of pastime with friends can a close relative or member of the family be your friend? friends at school/work and out of school/work - what's the difference? friendship with your teacher(s)/boss(es)? - agree or disagree friends in different periods of life the question of loneliness Daily routine (+housework) day's programme, daily habits, evening occupations, regular activities, studying hours, housework, odd jobs around the hiouse Description of your home describe the house/flat where you live - do you like it? (dis)advantages of living in a flat or in a house describe the people living there facilities, comfort +kinds of flats/houses, housing shortage Home life (+housework) family life at home - different members of the family sharing rooms or living separately/on their own - life in a students' hostel, digs/lodgings, bedsitter; house rule, common room, dormitory, landlady, landlord; daily routine at home, housework, quarrels in a family staying at home or going out? The neighbourhood, your village or town describe the area where you live - do you like it? (dis)advantages of living in a village or in a large city describe the people living there facilities, comfort, entertainment, possibilities of going out, work, school, making friends there - as opposed to other places Traffic, public transport giving directions, using a town map; means of transport, kinds of tickets, fares; driving a car; the Highway Code environmental pollution

Weather and seasons; climate what's the weather like today? what's the forecast for tomorrow? what's the outlook for the next few weeks? compare weather in Britain and in your country; why the English always speak about weather; give examples for different kinds of weather/climate all around the Earth; the connection between weather and agriculture weather/seasons and sports; what's your favourite season? why? what do you do then? Clothing connection between weather and clothing; everyday clothing (school/work/home) vs clothes for special occasions; difference between men's and women's clothes; describe a special set of clothes (worker/sportsman/infant/etc.); what clothes do you like wearing? why? Nature what's the connection between man and nature? the peace of nature vs life in a busy town; quiet and pleasant places in nature; the (wild) world of animals and plants; describe your favourite plants and animals and their life; different living creatures: mammals, birds, reptiles, insects; beasts/birds of prey, apes, fish, trees, bushes, flowers; describe an animal and a plant, tell about its environment; Outings do people need going out? what do we look for in nature? observing plants and animals (cp. 'Nature') describe a place where you like to go what do you take going on an excursion? Environmental protection the green movement, pollution, industry, chemicals, traffic, smog; the role of trees and other plants in nature, the disappearing rain forest; why do people cut down trees? how green are you? how do you protect nature?

School life the school you go to; why you chose this school; school atmosphere, friends, teachers, headmaster (appearance, character, their influence on you), the image of an ideal techer/student; school programmes, excursion, camps, parties; helping one another vs n not caring for other people, indifference; school life vs holidays Class, subjects describe the classroom and the school building and its environment; speak about your classmates and teachers (characters and relations); subjects you study + what you learn, like, dislike; your way of learning as compared with others' Studying, extra lessons how much/when/where you study; your success in studying; schoolwork, homework, extra work, evening classes, holiday courses; studying methods and tricks; taking exams, writing essays; is studying fun for you? Education, school types crche, nursery school, kindergarten, elementary/primary school, secondary school, university faculties, departments, degree, postgraduation; connection between education and finding a job Career, working your plans for the future, career ideas; can work be one's hobby? act out a job interview; write your CV (curriculum vitae); describe a worker or employee and his/her work and life; occupation, job, profession, different kinds of jobs and places of work with their advantages/disadvantages; Food & Meals different meals, different habits; laying the table; table manners; special/occasional meals; your favourite food & how you make it; cuisine in different countries; give a recipe; kitchen devices; different ways of cooking; shopping for food Sports

indoor/outdoor sports & games water sports, track and field events, technical sports what's your favourite sport/game? why? what sports do they do at the Olympic Games? describe the rules of a game; do sports, play games, training, coach, stadium, Olympic Games indoor/outdoor sports, ball games, track and field events, water sports, winter sports, technical sports Illnesses, accidents illnesses and their symptoms; hospital, doctor's surgery; dentist act out a dialogue at the doctor's/chemist's; National Health Service, social insurance, sick leave, first aid, G.P. (general practitioner) Healthy life stress, tension, breathe fresh air, do exercises, sport, physical education, drug addiction, alcoholism, smoking, AIDS, balance of work and rest, healthy food; natural therapeutics, preventive medicine Hobbies favourite pastime; connection between character and hobby; men's/women's typical hobbies; do-it-yourself movement; clubs; individual vs group activities; funny or strange hobbies; are there people without hobbies?; do hobbies cause any damage Books, newspapers, magazines your favourite writer and his works; different styles in literature; going to libraries; subscription to papers; the role of the press in people's lives; fiction vs non-fiction: newspaper headlines, popular daily papers and magazines in Britain, quality papers Films, videos, television, radio going to the cinema; the usual cinema show in your country/Britain; kinds of films; different TV and radio channels; cinema or TV??, (dis)advantages; the influence of radio and TV on people's lives; borrowing videos; buying or copying videos? - the question of copyright; your favourite film star/actor/actress/director;

Music is music art or just entertainment? what makes a piece of music good? the relation between dance and music; music as a background activity; different styles and branches; musicians, composers, orchestras; musical instruments and the way you play/tune them; reading notes; classical vs pop/rock music; Theatre, concerts theatre vs cinema, the atmosphere of the theatre, theatre/play description, stage management, different kinds of drama, playwrights, genres; Shakespeare and the English theatre Going out staying at home or going out? - argue for and against; where you or other people usually go in your/their free time; different kinds of entertainment out of home; museums, exhibitions, cinemas, theatres, concerts, ballet, variety shows, clubs, zoo, leisure centre, amusement parks/centres, sports events, puppet shows, children's programmes, parties; argument between children and parents about staying out late Weekends the difference between weekend and weekday activities; having a rest or going out? - housework or family programmes? relaxation vs useful kinds of pastime; extra work at weekends; a typical weekend in England and in your country Shops and things to buy different kinds of shops; home delivery; off-season sales; bargaining; small shop or supermarket/department store? - argue for or against; act out a situation in a shop Eating out argue for or against eating in a restaurant, pub, caf , snack bar; takeaway food: comfort at reasonable price; the (dis)advantage of fast food places and self-service; describe your favourite place to eat; act out a situation in a restaurant; table manners; laying the table;

Various services (bank, post office, repair shop, etc) act out situations in a bank, post office, laundrette, etc. make a telephone call, post a letter; different kinds of mail; the English Post Office; the importance of having a bank account (if any) Holidays summer/winter holidays; frequented holiday places and activities; preparation for a trip, cost estimate, decide on the route, decide what to take, pack; passport, visa, (foreign) currency, travel insurance; your favourite places/preferences Tourism why do people visit places of interest? what are they interested in? describe a typical place for tourism and a typical tourist; arrange a tour at a tourist office (cp. 'Holidays' & 'Travelling') Travelling means of transport and their (dis)advantages in travelling; where and how you last travelled; accommodation, hotel, camp site, guest house; passport, visa, insurance; customs control/declaration; tourist office, travel agency, book a trip, package tours; route, places of interest, holiday areas; situations at the airport/railway station/port; rent a car (cp. 'Holidays' & 'Tourism') Hotel arrange your accommodation in a hotel; the importance of facilities and comfort; hotel vs camp site or private accommodation; hotel categories, famous hotel chains; act out a situation with a hotel guest complaining to the manager Visiting your country geography and history; guide a tourist in your country, speak about sights and places of interest; customs and traditions, folk art, music Culture and civilization

culture: (1) refined understanding of art, literature, etc.; (2) state of intellectual development of a society; (3) particular form of intellectual expression e.g. in art or literature; (4) customs, arts, social institutions, etc. of a particular group o of people; civilization: (1) becoming or making sy civilized; (2) (esp) advanced state of human development; culture and way of life of a people, nation or period regarded as a stage in the development of organized society your idea of culture and civilisation; the way you understand art and literature, your favourite style(s); your understanding of history and society; being a member of society: role and responsibility; social behaviour; human rights and possibilities; cri ime and punishment; stages in man's history and society; the future of mankind Travelling in Britain or any English speaking country the United Kingdom/USA: different countries/states and capital cities; parts of England/USA; British customs, English vs Scottish/American manners; places of interest in London/New York or any other city The English language the importance of learning languages; why you like/dislike learning languages; why you chose the English language; your results and experiences so far; how/when/where you study (speaking, reading, listening, writing); your idea of the best way of studying a language and practising communication; other languages that you have learned; British vs American English; differences between English and your language

Sample questions Choose a question at random and talk about the topic: 1 About yourself Who are you and where do you come from? (your family connections and close relations) 2 Family life Happy together... (holidays and occasions with the family)

3 A day's programme The best day in my life (why was a certain day better than your ordinary days?) 4 The place where you live My house is my castle (describe your room and the house) 5 Fares, please! How do you come to school? (means of transport and how to use them; driving) 6 Nice day, sunshine Which is your favourite season? (weather forecast, British climate vs your climate) 7 Village or town? Are you satisfied with your present environment? (pollution against nature, the green movement) 8 Studies at school Why I (don't) like maths... (your favourite and disliked subjects) 9 Jobs & professions What occupation would you choose as a career? (act out a job interview) 10 Different sports and games Why I (don't) want to win the Olympics... (give reasons why you like/dislike certain sports)) 11 Food & meals Cooking or eating out? (your favourite/disliked food and meals; table manners)

12 At the doctor's I wish I were never ill... (talking to your doctor; hospital treatment) 13 Reading What do you usually read and when? (newspapers, literature, your favourite writer) 14 Cinema, theatre Isn't a live performance better than watching TV? (argue for or against television) 15 At a concert The band was terrific... (your favourite kind of music as opposed to other styles) 16 Shopping Department store or fashion shop? (argue for or against different kinds of shops) 17 Restaurant The soup is too cold... (act out a situation in a fine restaurant) 18 Telephone, post office Are you on the phone? (argue for or against phoning vs sending letters) 19 Holiday making It's not easy to make a good trip... (packing, hotel reservation, camping, etc.) 20 Guiding a tourist What should a foreigner know about your country? (sights, places of interest, geography, history, etc.)

21 Travelling abroad Do I need a visa? (necessary documents and arrangements, customs, etc.) 22 Studying languages Why do you study English? (English vs other languages; English culture)

At the Hotel
(intermediate level)

Study and act out the following dialogues:

1 - Good afternoon, sir. What can I do for you? - I'd like a single room with a bath for two nights. - Did you book in advance? - Oh, no, I didn't know I'd come to this town. - Well, let me see... Sorry, sir, we're rather full up, I can give you a room with a shower only. - All right, I'll take it. How much is it per night? - 37 pounds, breakfast included. - Can I have continental breakfast? - Yes, of course. Will you fill in the registration form, please? - Here you are. - All right, sir, here's your key. Room 215 on the second floor. The boy will show you up. - Thank you.

2 - Good. evening. My name is Swanson, Peter Swanson. I reserved a room in your hotel by phone. - Good evening, Mr Swanson. A double room with a bath, as I remember. - Yes, overlooking the sea, if possible. - We have some nice rooms on the fifth floor, if it suits you. - Well, yes, if there is a lift. - Of course, there is. Are you going to spend the whole week here? - Yes, we'll leave on Sunday. - Very good, sir. Would you fill in this form, please? - Here you are. Is breakfast included in the price? - Oh yes, English or continental, as you choose. - Well, my wife's on a diet... - No problem, sir. You can order breakfst by the menu, too. - Is there a fitness room in the hotel?

- Yes, and a swimming pool, sauna, tennis courts... - Can we use them free? - Yes, it's included in the price. - All right, can I have our key? - Here you are, sir. The boy will show you up to your room.

3 - Good evening. Can I have a single room for one night, please? - With a bath or without? - A shower would do. - Will the top floor be all right? 29 pounds for a night. - Do you have compulsory breakfast in the price? - We can cut off two pounds if you don't have breakfast. - All right, I'll take the room with no breakfast, please. - Will you register, please? Here's the form. Room 521. - Here you are. Is there room service in your hotel? - Of course, there is. Just pick up the phone and dial 01. - When do I have to check out? - Not later than eleven, please. - O.K. Is this my key? - Yes, sir. Good night, sir.

4 - Good evening, miss. What can I do for you? - Well, can I have a single room with a shower for tonight, please? - Have you got a reservation? - No, I'm afraid I haven't. - Well, I'll see what we have. Oh, yes, we've got one facing the park. - Oh, great. Which floor is it on? - On the fifth, but don't worry, there's a lift. - Is there a telephone in the room? - Oh, yes. There is one in every room. - And a television? - I'm sorry, miss, there isn't. - How much does it cost? - ?45 per night, including tax and service. - Haven't you got anything cheaper? - I'm afraid we haven't. We are fully booked for weeks ahead. - Well, I'll take it then. There's nothing else to do? - May I see your passport, please? - Here you are. - Will you sign the hotel register?... Fine. Here's your key and the boy over there will see to your luggage. - Thank you. Er... when does the restaurant close?

- At eleven. But the bar is open until two at night. - And what time can I have breakfast? - Between seven and ten. But there is room service round the clock. - Great. There's one more thing. Would you wake me at eight, please? - Certainly, miss. Good night. ------- I'd like to see the manager, please. - I'm sorry, but he's busy right now. Could you wait a little? ...... - Excuse me. Can I see you for a moment? - Certainly. Is there anything the matter? - Well, I don't like to complain, but there are several things I'm not very happy about. - Are there? I'm so sorry about that. - You see, I can't get the window open in my room and there are no clean towels in the bathroom. The tap drips and there are no clothes hangers in the wardrobe. There's no hot water in the shower and the phone is out of order. The TV doesn't work and ther re comes too much noise from the bar at night. There isn't a plug for my razor and the shutter has broken down. - Oh, dear, I'm awfully sorry. This has never happened before. You see, we've recently had a turnover in the staff. I'll get somebody to put things in order and I'll see that this doesn't happen again. - Could you get a plumber to fix the sink in the bathroom? - Of course, miss. And we'll replace the broken mirror in no time. - I need an electrician, too, because the lights won't work. - Don't worry, I'll get things right as soon as possible. - Please send a cleaner to remove the filthy carpets. And I'd like a bottle of mineral water to be brought to my room. And an extra blanket. - Certainly, miss.

Translate the following sentences into your language:

We'd like to take a room overlooking the sea. Double or single? A double one with a shower, if possible. Sorry, we're rather full up. We've run out of rooms with showers. But I can give you one with a bath on the fourth floor. Does it overlook the sea? Yes, there's a beautiful view from here. All right. Does the price include breakfast?

Yes, English or continental breakfast as you like. Will you fill in the registration form, please? Here you are. I'll take the room for five days. Is there a lift in the hotel? Of course, there is. The boy will take your luggage and show you up to the room. What time does the restaurant open? It works round the clock. But hot food is served only from 11 to 2 and 6 to 11 p.m. Is there music in the restaurant? No, sir, only in the bar. From 8 to 2 p.m. Very good. I mean I hate music. Can you recommend any entertainment in addition to the beach and the swimming pool? Certainly, sir. There are lots of things like that in the town here. There will be, for example, a Punch and Judy show for children in the park tomorrow afternoon. Or there's the ghost castle in the neighbouring village on the hill. There you find something interesting every day.

Restaurant / Caf
(pre-intermediate level)

Study and act out the following dialogues:

1 - A coffee please. - Black or white, madam? - Black, please. - With sugar or without? - Without sugar, please. But I'd like some cream. - Here you are. Anything else? - I'd like a cake. - Chocolate or fruit cake? - Have you got strawberry cake? - Certainly, madam, here you are. - Thank you.

2 - The menu, please. - Here you are, sir. Would you like a starter? - No, thank you. I'd like steak. - Sorry, but we only have chicken. - I'll have grilled chicken then. - And what vegetables would you like? - Peas and rice, please. - Anything to drink? - A pint of beer, please. - Just a minute.

3 W: Good evening. Can I help you? A: Good evening. We'd like a table by the window. W: Certainly, sir. Follow me please. Here you are, a nice table for two. A: Thank you. The menu, please. W: Here you are. Can I bring you some soup first? A: Oh no, thanks. I don't care for soup. And you, dear? B: Well, I'd like bean soup. Are the beans fresh? W: Of course, miss. We've got fresh green beans in the soup. B: All right. And then I'll have a veal chop with mashed potatoes. W: And you, sir? A: I'll have veal cutlets in bread crumbs and cucumber salad. W: Would you like rice or potatoes with the meat? A: Some French fries please. W: And what would you like to drink? We have excellent Spanish wine... B: Well, I never drink wine. Have you got lemon squash? W: Of course, we have. And for you, sir? A: I think I'll have some beer. W: Bitter or stout? A: A pint of bitter, please. W: Certainly, sir. Anything else? Coffee or dessert perhaps? A: No, thank you. That's all for the moment.

4 - Is this table free? - I'm sorry, sir, this table is reserved, but that one by the window is free. - What a pity! I wanted to be away from the window. Still, it doesn't matter, I'll take it... The menu, please. - Here you are, sir. - Now, let's see... I think I'll start with a grapefruit juice. Then I'll see what to eat. - Here is the juice, sir. Are you ready to order now?

- Well, yes. First I'll have a mixed salad and some shrimps. - And to follow, sir? - Could you recommend something? - Ah, yes. I suggest fried pork with orange sauce. That's the speciality of the restaurant. - Oh, no, thank you, I don't like pork. - How about some fish? - Well, I had fish for lunch. But I see grilled chicken on the menu. I think I'll take grilled chicken. - Very well, sir. And which vegetables would you like? - Baked potatoes, please. And peas. - Sorry, but we haven't got baked potatoes at the moment. Wouldn't you mind mashed potatoes with the chicken? - All right. And I'll take some plums. Are they fresh? - Oh, no, sir, not in this season. We store them deepfrozen. - Never mind, I'll try them. - Anything to drink, sir? - I'd like a glass of white wine. - Dry or sweet? - Dry, please. And some mineral water. - Certainly. What sweets would you like? - I'll have an icecream, please. - Would you like coffee? - Yes, please. - Black or white? - Black, please. - Is that all, sir? - Yes, that's all for the moment.

5 - Good morning. Can I help you? - Give me a loaf of bread and a litre of milk, please. - Here you are. Anything else? - I'd like a piece of cheese. Have you got sausages? - Yes, we have. How many would you like? - Two pairs, please. - Here you are. - How much is it altogether? - Six pounds fifty. - Here you are. - Thank you. - Good-bye. v

Present Simple Tense

English Grammar >>> Present Simple Tense

Structure

Examples

We use the Present Simple Tense:

To form the Present Simple Tense we use the verb's base form (go, work, speak, study). In 3rd person singular (he, she, it), the base form of the verb takes -s/es. (Auxiliary verbs "be," "do," "have", which can also be used as main verbs, are exceptions.) Affirmative form I you rk we they he/she/it /-s/

1. Philip gets up at 6 o'clock every morning. 2. I go to school every day. 3. She sometimes goes out on Friday night. 4. I usually sleep late on Sunday morning. 5. Peter works for 8 hours every day. 6. We usually start work at 8 o'clock. 7. My children often watch TV in the afternoon. 8. He always forgets his keys.

when we talk about things that happen repeatedly or habitually With Present Simple Tense we often use time expressions such as always, often, sometimes, usually, seldom, on Saturdays, rarely, never, every day, etc.

1. I work in a bank. wo 2. Kate speaks English very well. 3. Tom lives in London. works 1. People make choices because they can't have everything they

when we talk about permanent or long-lasting situations when we talk about people or things in general

go - goes /-es/ watch watches /-es/ play - plays /-s/ study studies /-es/ ! Remember:

want. 2. Nurses work in clinics and hospitals. 3. Football is a very popular sport in Bulgaria.

1. The Earth is spherical. to be 2. My birthday is in I/you/we/they are May. to indicate he/she/it is 3. California is in the general truths, Unated States. facts and scientific to do 4. The sun rises in laws I/you/we/they do the east. he/she/it does 5. Water freezes at 0C (32F). to have I/you/we/they when we talk have 1. We arrive in about travel plans he/she/it has Rome at 6 p.m. and timetables Negative form I you DO NOT /don't/ we WORK they 2. The train leaves in five minutes. 3. The course starts next Thursday. (mainly with verbs such as go, leave, arrive, start, come, return etc.) with state (or stative) verbs such as like, dislike, love, think, seem, look, know, feel, understand, want, need, hate, remember, forget, prefer, believe, mean, taste, hear, see, have (when the meaning is

1. She loves jazz music. 2. My aunt hates travelling by train. he/she/it DOES 3. I like ice cream. I NOT don't like spinach. /doesn't / 4. I think she is a WORK wonderful person. 5. Do you believe in 1. She doesn't God? often go to the 6. I have no money cinema. at the moment. 2. I don't get up 7. My brother has a early at the new car. 8. That bicycle

belongs to me.

"possess"), own, belong, etc. These verbs are not normally used in the Continuous Tense (but there are exceptions).

1. Pour all ingredients into a mixing bowl and mix to give until smooth. instructions/directi 2. Walk down the ons street to the corner and then turn right.

The Present Simple Tense is also used in : weekend. 3. They don't speak English very well. sentences after "when", "after", "while", "till" / "until", "before", "as soon as" - When the rain stops, we'll go out. I'll call you back as soon as I return Interrogative home. form I you we they zero conditional sentences (when the result of the condition is always W true) - If you heat water to 100C (212F), it boils.

DO ORK?

first conditional sentences (Often called the "real" conditional because it DOES he/she/it is used for real (or possible) situations. WORK? These situations take place if a certain condition is met.) - If you finish your 1. Do they speak homework I'll bring you to the zoo. foreign languages? Notes about formation of the 3rd person singular (he, she, it):

If the verb ends in -ss, -sh, -ch, -x or -o, add -es to the base form: kiss - kisses, finish - finishes, watch watches, mix - mixes, go - goes If the verb ends in consonant + y change y to i and add -es: study - studies, copy - copies, try tries, carry - carries