Professional Documents
Culture Documents
The process by which white blood cells move into and out of the blood vessels -1( ) ?is called
The doctor pricks your finger, takes some blood and does a WBC count. -3 ( ) The count indicates 12,500 cells/cubed millimeter. This is known as leukocytosis. ?What could you conclude
.a- A low WBC count, caused by certain drugs and anti-cancer agents .b- You've received a blood transfusion, and are having a transfusion reaction .c- You are perfectly healthy and no infections in the blood .d- A high WBC count, indicating a bacterial or viral infection
While blood typing, the sample is mixed with anti-A serum and anti-B -4 ( ) ?serum. There is no agglutination. You could conclude
.a- The sample is type O .b- The sample is type AB .c- The sample is type B .d- The sample is type A
When a huge number of immature WBCs are produced in the bone -10 ( ) marrow, it can cause the body to become easy prey for bacteria and viruses. This ?is called
.a- leucopenia .b- anemia .c- leucopenia .d- leukemia .e- leukocytosis
?Erythropoietin controls-11 ( )
.a- production of bone marrow .b- how much oxygen the RBCs can carry .c- The kidney by monitoring the amount of oxygen in the blood .d- The rate of erythrocyte production
The rapid sequence of vascular spasms, platelet plug formation and -13 ( ) ?coagulation is known as
.a- hemostasis .b- erythropoiesis .c- hematopoiesis .d- hemophilia
A transfusion reaction is rarely fatal, but can cause /have these -15 ( ) ?characteristics
.a- fever, chills and nausea .b- agglutination, causing blockage of small vessels .c- all of the above .d- lysing of RBC, releasing hemoglobin into the blood
?''A hereditary bleeding disorder, commonly called the "bleeders disease -17 ( )
.a- hemophilia .b- hemocytosis .c- thrombocytopenia .d- hematocrit
A normal salt content in the blood is normal, what is the function of the -19 ( ) ?salts
.a- to help fight foreign invaders .b- Osmotic balance, pH buffering and regulation of membrane permeability .c- blood clotting .d- solutes carry other substances to the capillaries
The most numerous white blood cell, which are active phagocytes and -20 ( ) ?increase rapidly during acute infections
.a- monocyte b- basophil c- eosinophil d- neutrophil .e- lymphocyte
?Each of the following occurs when blood clots after a cut except-22 ( )
.a- thrombin converts fibrin into fibrinogen .b- thromboplastin converts prothrombin into thrombin .c- platelets release clotting factor .d- fibrin filaments trap cells to produce a clot
?The fluid that leaks into the tissues from the blood is-24 ( )
.a- useless .b- plasma c- harmfull .d- lymph
?Each of the following is true of red blood cells except that they-25 ( )
.a- contain hemoglobin .b- live about 30 days .c- are anucleate .d- are formed in the red marrow
A protein in the plasma which contributes to the osmotic pressure of -28 ( ) ?blood
.a- elastin .b- prothrombin .d-thrombin c- Albumin 3
Although it carries much oxygen, it is more attracted to pesticides and -30 ( ) ?carbon monoxide
.a- white blood cells .b- plasma .c- Thrombin .d- Hemoglobin
The WBC which increases during allergic reactions and parasitic worm -33 ( ) ?infections
.a- Lymphocytes .b- Basophils .c- Neutrophils .d- Eosinophils .e- Monocytes
Fragments of megakaryocytes which rupture into pieces and responsible -34 ( ) ?for clotting
.a- RBC .b- antibodies .c- platelets .d- WBC
?--------When oxygen levels are low, the _______ is stimulated to release -35 ( )
.a- bone, oxygen .b- kidney, erythropoietin .c- bone, erythropoietin .d- Liver, calcitonin
?A woman with blood type O has a baby with type O. The father -37 ( )
.a- Could be A, B or O; but in no way AB .b- Could possibly be AB .d-Is Rh. c- Must be type O
The WBC which has a very thin rim of cytoplasm, thus having a large -38 ( ) ?spherical nucleus is
a- Basophil b- Eosinophil 4
.Self test Chapter 10: Blood a) 1- Which term refers to the ) movement of white blood cells between endothelial cells lining capillary walls to ?enter the tissue
a- Diapedesis b- Polycythemia c- Hemostasis d- Leukopenia
?b) 2- Which of these cells produce histamine and are involved in allergy)
a- Lymphocytes b- Basophils c- Neutrophils d- Erythrocytes
?d) 5- Which type of blood cell differs from others because it is anucleate )
a- Monocytes b- Neutrophils c- Basophils d- Erythrocytes
b) 7- During hemostasis, which chemical is released by the platelet plug to trigger) ?vessel spasms which in turn decrease blood loss
a- Thromboplastin b- Serotonin d- Fibrinogen c- Prothrombin 5
d) 8- Any hereditary bleeding disorder resulting from lack of clotting factors is ) ?called
a- Thrombocytopenia b- Embolus c- Thrombus d- Hemophilia
c) 9- Which term below refers to a molecule which the body recognizes as ) ?foreign
a- Agglutination b- Antibody c- Antigen d- Rh factor
?b) 11- What is the most common blood type in the U.S. population)
a- B a- B b- O b- O c- A c- AB d- AB d- A
?c) 12- Which blood type allows a patient to be a universal recipient) a) 13- Very young and very old patients are more likely to develop leukocytosis ) ?which may be indicative of
a- Leukemia b- Physiologic jaundice c- Hemolytic disease of the newborn d- Bleeder's disease
c) 14- By age 7 months, what becomes the primary site of hematopoiesis in a ) ?fetus
a- Liver b- Spleen c- Red marrow d- Thymus
The layer of serous membrane that covers the heart that lies closest to the -2 ( ) ?sternum is the
a- endocardium b- parietal pericardium c- myocardium d- visceral pericardium e- epicardium
e- endothelium
What is the specific name of the tissue that lines all the chambers of the -4 ( ) ?heart
a- endothelium b- endocardium c- simple cuboidal epithelium d- simple squamous epithelium
Blood returning from the pulmonary part of the circulatory system enters -6 ( ) ?the _______ of the heart
a- left ventricle b- left atrium c- right ventricle d- right atrium e- sinus venosus
The cusps of the atrio-ventricular (A/V) valves are anchored to the -9 ( ) ?papillary muscles by the
a- pericardium b- chordae tendinae c- intercalated discs d- fossa ovalis e- coronary sinus
?What is the first branch off the base of the aorta -10 ( )
a- brachiocephalic artery b- left common carotid artery c- left subclavian artery d- right common carotid artery e- coronary artery
?Blood vessels carrying blood away from the heart are called -11 ( )
a- veins b- capillaries c- coronaries d- arteries e- lymphatics
b- Atrio-Ventricular (A/V) node c- Sino-Atrial (S/A) node d- Cranial nerve X - Vagus nerve e- both a and d above are correct
When considering the heart sounds (frequently given as lub, dup), we -13 ( ) ?should realize that
a- the first sound is caused by contraction of the Purkinje fibers, the second by contraction of the papillary muscles b- the first sound is caused by closure of the A/V valves, the second by closure of the semilunar valves c- the first sound is caused by closure of the tricuspid valve, the second by closure of the mitral valve d- they are caused by contraction of the ventricles, followed by contraction of the atria e- the first sound is caused by closure of the mitral valve, the second by closure of the tricuspid valve
?The correct sequence of parts that function to carry cardiac impulses is -14 ( )
a- S/A Node ===> A/V Node ===> Atrioventricular bundle ===> Purkinje fibers b- S/A Node ===> Purkinje fibers ===> A/V Node ===> Atrioventricular bundle c- A/V Node ===> Atrioventricular bundle ===> Purkinje fibers ===> S/A Node d- Atrioventricular bundle ===> S/A Node ===> A/V Node ===> Purkinje fibers e- A/V Node ===> S/A Node ===> purkinje fibers ===> Atrioventricular bundle
?What is the portion of the ECG that indicates ventricular repolarization -15 ( )
a- R spike b- QRS complex c- P-Q interval d- P wave e- T wave
?The product of the stroke volume and the heart rate is known as the-16 ( )
a- cardiac reserve b- end-systolic volume c- blood pressure d- cardiac output e- end-diastolic volume
What is the circulatory route that runs from the digestive tract to the -17 ( ) ?liver called
a- systemic circuit b- hepatic portal system c- renal portal system d- pulmonary circuit e- coronary circuit
You are not an athlete and you are not physical fit. If you suddenly -18 ( ) partake in physical exercise, then the increased demands of such vigorous exercise ?on your body are met primarily by
a- increased stroke volume b- increased heart rate c- increased blood volume d- all of a, b and c above are correct e- only b and c above are correct
?Which of the following fetal structures carries the most oxygenated blood -20 ( )
a- umbilical arteries b- foramen ovale c- ductus arteriosus d- umbilical vein e- ductus venosus
This heart valve prevents the return of blood to the right atrium from the -22 ( ) ?right ventricle
a- mitral valve b- aortic semilunar valve c- bicuspid valve d- tricuspid valve e- pulmonary semilunar valve
Identify the final portion of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart -24( ) which carries the wave of depolarization over the ventricles causing them to ?contract from the heart apex toward the atria
a- atrioventricular bundle b- Purkinje fibers c- bundle branches d- atrioventricular node e- sinoatrial node
Which one of the following blood vessels returns blood to the left side of the -25( ) ?heart or left atrium
a- coronary sinus b- pulmonary artery c- superior vena cava d- pulmonary vein e- aorta
?Blood exits the right ventricle in which one of the following blood vessels -26 ( )
a- pulmonary vein b- coronary artery c- aorta d- pulmonary trunk e- superior vena cava
Which of the following is involved in anchoring the AV valve flaps to the -27 ( ) ?walls of the ventricles
a- Purkinje fibers b- chordae tendinae c- cuspidors d- fenestrations e- adhesions 9
?Which of the following would not lead to an increase in cardiac output -29 ( )
a- release of epinephrine into the bloodstream b- an increase in sympathetic stimulation c- an increase in stroke volume d- an increase in heart rate e- a decrease in venous return
Exchanges of nutrients, gases, wastes, etc. between blood and tissue cells -30 ( ) ?occurs at
a- capillaries b- venules c- veins d- arterioles e- arteries
Which of the following blood vessels is NOT part of the systemic -31 ( ) ?circulation
a- inferior vena cava b- carotid arteries c- pulmonary artery d- aorta e- coronary artery
During fetal existence, this short blood vessel connects the pulmonary -32 ( ) trunk to the aorta allowing blood to bypass the fetal lungs which are ?nonfunctional
a- umbilical vein b- ductus venosus c- foramen ovale d- ductus arteriosus e- umbilical artery
Most often, systemic arterial blood pressure is measured in this artery -33 ( ) ?using the auscultatory method using a stethoscope and sphygmomanometer
a- carotid artery b- brachial artery c- femoral artery d- radial artery e- aorta
Which of the following conditions is characterized by a rapid -34 ( ) ?uncoordinated shuddering of the heart muscle
a- tachycardia b- bradycardia c- fibrillation d- angina pectoris e- myocardial infarction
?Which of the following would NOT cause an increase in the heart rate -35 ( )
a- release of epinephrine into the blood b- exercise 10
Which of the following drugs acts in a similar way to the vagus nerves to slow and -3 ?steady the heart resulting in a stronger heartbeat
a- digitalis b- angiotensin II c- thyroxine d- epinephrine e- renin
Compared to an artery, the wall of a vein differs in which of the following -37 ( ) ?ways
a- It contains smooth muscle b- It consists of three coats c- The outer coat is composed largely of collagen fibers d- The middle coat is thin e- It is lined by a thin layer of endothelium
This unique feature connects the anterior and posterior blood supplies of -38( ) the brain providing more than one route for blood to reach brain tissue in a given ?area
a- circle of Willis b- bundle branches c- coronary circulation d- ductus arteriosus e- hepatic portal circulation
Which of the following does not aid the return of venous blood to the heart -40 ( ) ?from the lower extremities
a- valves in veins b- the large lumen of veins ''c- the muscle "pump ''d- the respiratory "pump e- gravity
.Chapter 11: The Cardiovascular System Self Test ?a) 1- The cardiac output of the heart is)
a- The amount of blood pushed from each ventricle in one minute b- The amount of blood entering the pulmonary circulation c- The amount of blood pushed from a ventricle with each beat d- The number of beats per minute
c) 3- Which condition is the result of lack of oxygen to the muscle of the heart ) ?causing extreme pain in the chest
a- Fibrillation 11
?a) 4- Which part of the nodal system is considered the "pacemaker" of the heart)
a- Sinoatrial (SA) node b- Bundle branches c- Atrioventricular bundle d- Atrioventricular (AV) node e- Purkinje fibers
b) 5- Lack of blood supply to the heart, resulting in rapid, uncoordinated shuddering ?heart muscle, is called
a- An infarct b- Fibrillation c- Angina pectoria d- Heart block e- Arteriosclerosis
d) 6- Which blood vessel tunic is composed of smooth muscle and controls the ) ?diameter of the vessel
a- Myocardium b- Tunica externa c- Tunica intima d- Tunica media
e) 7- Which structures of fetal circulation are designed to bypass the lungs in an ) ?unborn baby
a- Pulmonary arteries and veins b- Hepatic vein and aorta c- Umbilical arteries and veins d- Aorta and vena cava e- Ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale
d) 8- Which vessel delivers blood to the liver from the digestive organs, spleen and) ?pancreas
a- Superior vena cava b- Umbilical vein c- Superior mesenteric artery d- Hepatic portal vein
a) 10- Which of the following factors does not contribute to vasoconstriction and ) ?hypertension
a- Alcohol b- Nicotine c- Renin d- Cold
d) 12- Which of the following is a condition resulting from inflammation of a vein ) ?which contains a clot
a- Arteriosclerosis b- Varicose veins c- Atherosclerosis d- Thrombophlebitis
Chapter 12: The Lymphatic System and Body Defenses: ( ) 1- The most important nonspecific defense of the body is?
a- cilia and mucus b- Sweat glands c- antibodies d- The skin
( ) 3- A person who has recovered from mumps is protected from contracting the disease again by a?
a- slow production of antibodies b- secondary immune response c- lack of antibodies d- primary immune response
( ) 4- Cancer cells and virus-infected body cells can be spontaneously killed by?
a- mucous membrane cells b- Natural Killer Cells c- macrophage d- antibodies e- Neutrophils
( ) 7- The immune cells involved in allergic reactions, especially in the lining of the nasal passages?
a- release macrophages b- produce phagocytes c- mast cells d- cause asthma
( ) 9- The scientist who developed the first successful polio vaccine was?
a- Salk b- Sabin c- Pasteur d- Jenner
( ) 10- The substance produced by virus-infected cells that helps other cells resist viral infection is?
a- an antigen b- a marker protein c- a receptor protein d- interferon e- an antibody 13
( ) 11- A mass of linked viruses and antibodies are engulfed and destroyed by?
a- plasma cells b- T-cells c- phagocytes d- B-cells e- agglutination
( ) 12- An infection may spread throughout the body, causing swelling and tenderness of the?
a- joints b- nerve endings c- skin d- liver e- lymph nodes
( ) 13- The sneezing, runny nose, and watery eyes that make a person having allergies feel so miserable result from?
a- lysozyme b- interferon c- histamines d- antibodies
( ) 14- The antibodies that are often given to travelers to protect them from tropical diseases produce?
a- secondary immunity b- passive immunity c- active immunity d- permanent immunity
( ) 16- The response in which the rapid loss of material from a cancerous cell causes it to rupture and die is known as?
a- blood-mediated immunity b- primary immune response c- secondary immune response d- cell-mediated immunity
( ) 17- Lysozyme?
a- Is the substance produced by the body to break down the cell walls of bacteria b- Is a substance used to create antibody-mediated clonal cells c- Is an organelle found in most cells to destroy invading organisms. d- Is a chemical which causes the hypothalamus to reset its temperature higher than 98.6 F.
( ) 20- The immune system's loss of its ability to distinguish "self" from "nonself" results in ________?
14
a- autoimmune diseases b- cell-mediated immune deficiency diseases c- immune-deficiency diseases d- immune response diseases
?Interferon is -22 ( )
a- a chemical producing antibodies b- a chemical which inhibits the production of viruses c- a substance produced by virus-infected cells that helps other cells resist viral infection d- very similar to a vaccine
The immune cells involved in allergic reactions, especially in the lining of -23 ( ) ?the nasal passages, causing sneezing and runny noses
a- produce phagocytes b- inhibit production of myeloid stem cells c- are mast cells d- are macrophages
?Two indications that the body is fighting an infection are increased -25 ( )
a- red blood cells and pain b- white and red blood cells c- white blood cells and fever d- pain and fever
Each of the following is involved in the formation of antibodies except -29 ( ) ?that
a- plasma cells release antibodies into the blood b- an antigen activates some of the body's B-cells c- activated B-cells produce many plasma cells d- suppressor T-cells grow and divide very rapidly
?The most common overreactions of the immune system are known as -30 ( )
a- histamines 15
The substance produced by the body that breaks down the cell walls of -31 ( ) ?bacteria is
a- interferon b- mucus c- lysozyme d- hormone
A form of natural passive immunity, in which no immunological memory -33 ( ) ?is established
a- placenta or breast milk b- vaccine c- infection or contact with a pathogen d- gamma globulin
A substance capable of provoking an immune response, not normally -36 ( ) ?present in the body
a- monokines b- antigens c- antibody d- B-cells
After having the chicken pox, these cells would remain in the body, -37( ) enabling it to respond quickly and efficiently to subsequent infections of meetings ?with the same anitigen
a- Suppressor T cells b- Memory cells c- Macrophages d- Memory B cells
When the liver and spleen gather up nutrients such as iron and zinc, so -39 ( ) ?that bacteria cannot multiply, what is happening in the body
a- interferon is being produced 16
b- complement fixation is working to find foreign cells c- The body has a fever d- gastric juices are clogging the ducts of the liver and spleen
.Chapter 12: The Lymphatic System and Body Defenses Self Test ?d) 1- Which organ is not a lymphoid organ)
a- Tonsils b- Spleen c- Thymus d- Gall bladder
?b) 3- Fever)
a- Interferes with bacterial replication b- a, b, and c are correct c- Speeds tissue repair processes d- Increases human body metabolism
d) 4- Which secretions or structures contribute to the effectiveness of the skin as a) ?mechanical barrier to infection
a- Secretory IgA b- Lysozyme c- Cilia d- b and c are correct
c) 5- Which nonspecific body defense is designed to prevent the spread of viruses ) ?to uninfected cells in adjacent tissues
a- Complement b- Natural killer cells c- Interferon d- Fever
c) 6- Which type of cell does not require specific antigen activation to become ) ?active
a- Cytotoxic T cells b- Helper T cells c- Natural killer cells d- B cells
d) 7- Which type of effector T cells are responsible for attacking and lysing ) ?infected and cancerous cells
a- Supressor T cells b- Delayed hypersensitivity T cells c- Helper T cells d- Cytotoxic T cells
c) 10- Which of the following is an autoimmune disease in which the myelin ) ?sheaths in the brain and spinal cord are destroyed over time
a- Myasthenia gravis b- Grave's disease c- Multiple sclerosis d- Systemic lupus erythematosus
?a) 12- Which of these lymphoid organs is well developed before birth)
a- Thymus b- Tonsils c- Red marrow d- Liver
d) 13- In the early stages of fetal development, the lymphatic vessels form by ) ?branching from
a- The thymus gland b- Nerves c- Arterioles d- Veins
Chapter 13: The Respiratory System Air in the larynx on its way to the lungs would enter which of the following -1 ( ) ?next
a- pharynx b- primary bronchus c- trachea d- bronchiole e- esophagus
?This partition separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity below -2 ( )
a- epiglottis b- nasal septum c- palate d- concha e- thyroid cartilage
What is the maximum volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs -3 ( ) ?called
a- residual volume b- expiratory reserve volume c- inspiratory reserve volume d- vital capacity e- tidal volume
18
What muscular passageway serves as a common passageway for food and -5 ( ) ?air
a- pharynx b- trachea c- glottis d- larynx e- esophagus
Air in the conducting zone airways that is not in position to contribute to gas -7( ) ?exchange between the alveoli and the blood is termed
a- dead space volume b- expiratory reserve volume c- tidal volume d- residual volume e- alveolar air
Where is the center which sets the basic rhythm of inspiration and -11 ( ) ?expiration located
a- cerebellum b- cerebrum c- pons d- medulla e- corpus callosum
?The main stimulus for increasing the breathing rate and depth involves -12 ( )
a- an increase in blood pH b- a decrease in body temperature c- an increase in the level of oxygen in the blood d- an increase in the level of carbon dioxide in the blood e- a decrease in the level of oxygen in the blood 19
In addition to the respiratory system, what other system shares the -13 ( ) responsibility of supplying cells of the body with oxygen and disposing of carbon ?dioxide
a- reproductive system b- lymphatic system c- cardiovascular system d- urinary system e- digestive system
Which of the following is NOT a protective mechanism of the respiratory -14 ( ) ?system
a- gastric juice b- sneezing c- coughing d- cilia mucus sweeping e- ''dust cells"
Air must pass through this slit-like opening between the vocal cords in the -15 ( ) ?larynx to enter the trachea
a- concha b- palate c- sinus d- alveolus e- glottis
Which of the following would increase the pH of blood leading to -16 ( ) ?alkalosis
a- exercising b- holding your breath c- falling asleep d- hyperventilating e- rebreathing air in a brown paper bag
Which of the following respiratory system disorders or defects is -18 ( ) ?INCORRECTLY paired with its brief description
a- asthma - hypersensitivity to an irritant b- cystic fibrosis - over secretion of mucus c- emphysema - loss of elasticity by the lungs d- sudden infant death syndrome - inadequate production of surfactant e- cleft palate - bones forming the hard palate fail to fuse medially
?Which of the following is not involved in conducting air to the lungs -19 ( )
a- larynx b- trachea c- esophagus d- bronchus e- pharynx
?Each of the following is directly connected to the pharynx except the -20 ( )
a- nasal cavity b- auditory tubes c- oral cavity d- trachea 20
e- larynx
Pick the correct order for the path followed by Trevor (an oxygen -21 ( ) ?molecule) as he travels from the outside to the lungs
Primary bronchi .1 Laryngopharynx .2 Nasal cavity .3 External nares .4 Glottis .5 Oropharynx .6 Secondary bronchi .7 Larynx .8 Nasopharynx .9 Trachea .10 a- 6,3,9,4,5,2,8,10,1,7 d- 4,3,9,6,2,5,8,10,1,7
b- 4,9,3,6,2,5,8,1,10,7 e- 4,3,9,6,5,2,8,10,7,1
c- 6,9,2,3,5,4,10,8,1,7
?Place the following in their correct order from the outside to inside -25 ( )
lungs .1 pleural cavity .2 visceral pleura .3 parietal pleura .4 a- 3,2,4,1 b- 2,3,4,1
c- 4,2,3,1
d- 2,1,4,3
e- 1,2,3,4
d- intercostal muscles relax and the diaphragm contracts e- lungs expand and make the chest cavity bigger
The volume of air, over the tidal volume, that can be forced into the lungs -30 ( ) ?is called the
a- residual air b- inspiratory reserve volume c- expiratory reserve volume d- reserve air e- vital capacity
?Oxygen and carbon dioxide cross the lung membrane surface through -33 ( )
a- osmosis b- differences in atmospheric pressure c- tidal air d- active transport e- diffusion
?What is the form of hemoglobin that is responsible for carrying oxygen -34 ( )
a- carbamino-hemoglobin b- carboxyhemoglobin c- deoxygenated hemoglobin d- reduced hemoglobin e- oxyhemoglobin
The condition whereby the respiratory alveoli become enlarged and may -36 ( ) ?be replaced by fibrous tissue is known as
a- pleurisy b- pneumonia c- emphysema d- bronchitis 22
e- tuberculosis
The largest amount of carbon dioxide is carried in the blood in the form -39 ( ) ?of
a- carbamino-hemoglobin b- dissolved carbon dioxide (gas bubbles) in the blood plasma c- oxyhemoglobin d- carbonic acid e- bicarbonate ions
Which of the following is a substance found in cigarette smoke that -40 ( ) ?interferes with the ability of the blood to transport oxygen
a- nicotine b- asbestos c- carbon monoxide d- nitrogen e- hydrogen cyanide
.Chapter 13: The Respiratory System Self Test b) 1- Which of the following describes the pathway air follows to reach the alveoli ) ?during an inspiration
a- bronchi pharynx bronchiole trachea larynx alveoli b- pharynx larynx trachea bronchi bronchiole alveoli c- trachea pharynx bronohile bronchi larynx alveoli d- pharynx bronchi larynx bronchioli trachea alveoli
a) 2- The respiratory membrane must be very ______ to allow rapid ______ of ) ?O2 and CO2
a- thin, diffusion b- thick, osmosis c- thick, diffusion d- thin, osmosis
?a )3- The superior, middle, and inferior nasal conchae serve to)
a- increase the mucosal surface area and increase air turbulence in the nasal cavity b- support the nasal septum and hard palate c- produce mucus and prevent it from draining into the paranasal sinuses d- resonate speech and drain the paranasal sinuses
c) 4- Oxygen loading and carbon dioxide unloading between the pulmonary ) ?capillary blood and the air in the alveoli is called
a- breathing b- internal respiration c- external respiration d- expiration
?c) 5- Most of the carbon dioxide (CO2) carried in the blood is carried)
23
a- bound to ferritin proteins in plasma b- bound to hemoglobin in RBCs c- as the bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) in plasma d- as a dissolved gas in the water of the plasma
c) 9- When bronchial passageways become chronically inflamed and ) ?hypersensitive the result is
a- SIDS b- tuberculosis c- asthma d- cystic fibrosis
d) 10- Surfactant is a ________ that acts to ______ the surface tension of water ) ________ ?with the
a- carbohydrate, lower, trachea b- protein, raise, trachea c- nucleic acid, raise, alveoli d- lipid, lower, alveoli
?c) 11- The most common lethal genetic disease in the United States is)
.a- asthma .(b- Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS .c- cystic fibrosis .d- squamous cell carcinoma
Chapter 14: The Digestive System and Body Metabolism An assailant stabs a man in the upper abdomen with a butcher knife. The -1 ( ) man's stomach is perforated. The first layer of tissue in the stomach wall to be cut ?was the
a- muscularis mucosa b- serosa c- lamina propria d- submucosa e- mucosa
A wave of muscular contraction moving from the oropharynx towards the -2 ( ) ?[stomach is termed a[n
a- peristalsis b- segmentation contraction c- swallowing action d- antiperistalsis e- both a and c above are correct 24
The glands that frequently become inflamed when one gets the mumps are -4 ( ) ?called the _______ glands
a- parotid b- submandibular c- sublingual d- sustentacular e- both b and c above are correct
?The cells that secrete hydrochloric acid are the _______ cells -8 ( )
a- parietal b- zymogen c- Kupffer d- chief e- mucous neck
The finger-like projections of the small intestinal mucosa, which are so -9 ( ) ?important in nutrient absorption, are the
a- rugae b- plicae circulares c- lacteals d- villi e- Krypts of Lieberkuehn
A small blind tube attached to the caecum just below (inferior) to where -11 ( ) ?the ileum attaches is the
25
?Clusters of lymphoid tissue found in the walls of the ileum are called -12 ( )
a- Brunner's glands b- plicae circulares c- ileocaecal valve d- Peyer's patches e- Krypts of Lieberkuehn
One of your digestive glands secretes enzymes that are capable of digesting -14 ( ) ?carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. The gland is the
a- parotid gland b- adrenal gland c- liver d- pancreas e- cardiac gland
e- triglycerides
Which of the following does not contribute to the extensive surface of the -22 ( ) small intestine at which the bulk of chemical digestion and nearly all food ?absorption occurs
a- rugae b- length and coiling of the tube c- microvilli d- villi e- plicae circulares
Food in the stomach on its way through the alimentary canal would next -26 ( ) ?enter the
a- ascending colon b- esophagus c- duodenum d- ileum e- Jejunum
Which of the following is NOT a major nutrient (makes up the bulk of -27 ( ) ?(what we eat
a- lipids b- vitamins c- carbohydrates d- water e- proteins 27
?Which of the following is the body's most concentrated source of energy -28 ( )
a- protein b- vitamins c- glucose d- fat e- glycogen
The formation of muscle proteins from food you have eaten is an example -29 ( ) ?of
a- peristalsis b- deglutition c- anabolism d- catabolism e- emulsification
When cells oxidize amino acids for energy their _______ groups are -30( ) removed and, ultimately, in the liver, converted to the waste _______ which is ?flushed from the body in urine
a- amine group; creatinine b- carboxyl group; urea c- amine group; uric acid d- carboxyl group; creatine e- amine group; urea
In general, which of the following is probably the most important factor -32 ( ) ?(involved in determining a person's basal metabolic rate (BMR
a- surface area in relation to body volume b- emotional state c- amount of thyroxine produced by the thyroid gland d- gender of the individual e- Age of the individual
This hormone, produced by the duodenum, causes an increase in the output -33( ) ?of bile by the liver and pancreatic juice rich in bicarbonate ions
a- gastrin b- histamine c- secretin d- somatostatin e- cholecystokinin
What substance, produced by gastric glands, is needed for the absorption -34 ( ) ?of vitamin B12 from the small intestine
a- pepsinogen b- hydrochloric acid c- histamine d- intrinsic factor e- gastrin
What organ produces enzymes capable of digesting all of the major -35 ( ) ?categories of organic compounds
a- stomach 28
Which of the following is not one of the four basic layers or tunics of the -37 ( ) ?wall of the alimentary canal
a- muscularis externa b- serosa c- mucosa d- mesentery e- submucosa
?Which of the following is not an enzyme associated with protein digestion -38 ( )
a- pepsin b- trypsin c- chymotrypsin d- lipase e- carboxypeptidase
.Chapter 14: The Digestive System and Body Metabolism Self Test c) 1- Which of the following describes the food pathway through the digestive ) ?process
a- Mouth pharynx stomach esophagus small intestine large intestine b- Mouth_ esophagus pharynx stomach large intestine small intestine c- Mouth pharynx esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine d- Mouth stomach_ small intestine large intestine esophagus pharynx
?c) 2- The walls of the alimentary canal from outside to inside are)
a- muscularis externa serosa mucosa submucosa b- submucosa serosa mucosa muscularis externa c- serosa muscularis externa submucosa mucosa d- mucosa submucosa muscularis externa serosa
?d) 3- The two structures that keep food in the stomach during digestion are the )
a- submucosal and myenteric plexi b- hepatic and splenic flexures c- rugae and ileocecal valve d- cardioesophageal and pyloric sphincters 29
?c) 8- The three main metabolic pathways of cellular respiration are the)
a- lipoid, saccharoid, and proteinoid pathways b- glycemic, hyperglycemic, and hypoglycemic pathways c- glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport pathways d- fats, sugar, and protein pathways
c) 12- The most important factor determining a person's basal metabolic rate is ) ?the amount of __________ in the plasma
a- lipid b- thymopoietin c- thyroxine d- growth hormone
?a) 13- The most common congenital feeding defect of the digestive system is)
a- cleft palate b- ulcers c- PKU d- cystic fibrosis
.Chapter 15: The Urinary System ?What enzyme produced by the kidneys helps to regulate blood pressure -1 ( )
a- renin b- aldosterone c- urochrome d- erythropoietin e- creatine
The filtrate forced through the capillary walls in the kidneys enters which -3 ( ) ?of the following first
.(a- distal convoluted tubule (DCT b- glomerular capsule c- loop of Henle d- collecting duct .(e- proximal convoluted tubule (PCT
Which of the following is not normally in the filtrate forced from the -4 ( ) ?glomerular capillaries and, therefore, does not appear in urine
a- proteins b- glucose c- water d- amino acids e- urea
Which of the following is normally present in the filtrate forced from the -5 ( ) ?glomerular capillaries but does not normally appear in the urine
a- blood cells b- water c- proteins d- glucose e- urea
From first to last, the correct order in which the filtrate would pass through -7 ( ) ?the structures listed is
a- collecting duct-glomerular capsule-PCT-loop of Henle-DCT b- glomerular capsule-collecting duct-PCT-loop of Henle-DCT c- glomerular capsule-PCT-loop of Henle-DCT-collecting duct d- glomerular capsule-DCT-loop of Henle-PCT-collecting duct e- glomerular capsule-loop of Henle-PCT-DCT-collecting duct
The metabolism of nucleic acids yields this nitrogenous waste that appears -8 ( ) ?in blood and urine
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The regulation of blood pH by the elimination of excess acids or alkaline -9 ( ) ?substances from the body is accomplished by the
a- renal mechanism b- bicarbonate buffer system c- protein buffer system d- respiratory system e- phosphate buffer system
?Which of the following would not apply to the location of the kidneys -11 ( )
a- ventral cavity b- thoracic cavity c- retroperitoneal d- abdominal cavity e- lumbar region
Starting at the tip of a medullary pyramid, the correct sequence of -14( ) ?structures that urine passes through on its way out of the body is
a- renal pelvis-calyx-ureter-urinary bladder-urethra b- renal pelvis-calyx-urethra-urinary bladder-ureter c- ureter-calyx-renal pelvis-urinary bladder-urethra d- calyx-renal pelvis-ureter-urinary bladder-urethra e- calyx-renal pelvis-urethra-urinary bladder-ureter
What are the structural and functional units of the kidneys involved in -16 ( ) ?forming urine
a- calyces 32
Which of the following terms refers to the formation of a large volume of -17 ( ) ?urine
a- oliguria b- polyuria c- anuria d- ptosis e- dysuria
Which of the following terms refers to an inflammation of the urinary -18 ( ) ?bladder
a- pyelitis b- cystitis c- ptosis d- urethritis e- glomerulonephritis
Which of the following substances enters the renal tubule by both filtration -20 ( ) ?and secretion
a- glucose b- amino acids c- creatine d- urea e- water
The notch on the medial surface of the kidney, through which the blood -22 ( ) ?vessels enter and leave the kidney, is called the
a- renal cortex b- renal pelvis c- ureter d- calyx e- hilus
?The expansion of the ureter into the substance of the kidney forms the -23 ( )
a- renal fascia b- renal capsule c- renal fat pad d- renal pelvis e- hilus
Cortical tissue that extends between the medullary or renal pyramids is -25 ( ) ?termed the
a- nephrons b- renal medulla c- renal papillae d- medullary rays e- renal columns
If you dissected a medullary or renal pyramid, what would you find -26 ( ) ?inside
a- the vas deferens b- the glomeruli c- the collecting tubules d- the calyx e- an Egyptian King's tomb
?The portion of the nephron closest to the collecting duct is called the -28 ( )
a- distal convoluted tubule b- proximal convoluted tubule c- Loop of Henle d- glomerulus e- Bowman's capsule
?The uptake of substances from the lumen of the nephrons is known as -31 ( )
a- tubular secretion b- tubular filtration c- does not occur d- tubular reabsorption e- tubular distension
?The filtrate materials found in the nephron first leave the blood at the -32 ( )
a- urinary bladder b- Loop of Henle c- contractile vacuole d- nephridium e- glomerulus 34
Where does most reabsorption of substances from the glomerular filtrate -33 ( ) ?occur
a- in the distal convoluted tubule b- in the loop of Henle c- in the collecting tubule d- in the proximal convoluted tubule e- in the Bowman's Capsule
?Which of the following can enter the urine by tubular secretion -34 ( )
+a- H +b- K c- Creatinine d- All of a, b and c above are correct about tubular secretion e- Only a and b above are correct about tubular secretion
Which endocrine gland is primarily concerned with sodium (Na+) and -38( ) ?potassium (K+) ion balance in the body
a- Parathyroids b- thyroids c- adrenal cortex d- corpus luteum e- adrenal medulla
Just before the final exam in Anatomy and Physiology, to relax yourself -39 ( ) and ease your tensions, you drank ten pints of beer. The production and release of ?ADH [Antidiuretic Hormone or Vasopressin] would
a- be carried out by the kidney b- decrease c- be controlled by the anterior pituitary d- increase dramatically e- remain the same
?b) 2- The structural and functional units of the urinary system are the)
a- glomerular capsules b- nephrons c- collecting ducts d- kidneys
b) 3- Which of the following describes the pathway of glomerular filtrate through ) ?the nephron
.a- proximal convoluted tubule glomerular capsule distal convoluted tubule loop of Henle .b- glomerular capsule proximal convoluted tubule loop of Henle distal convoluted tubule .c- Loop of Henle glomerular capsule proximal convoluted tubule distal convoluted tubule .d- distal convoluted tubule loop of Henle proximal convoluted tubule glomerular capsule
b) 4- The major factor regulating sodium ion concentration in the extracellular ) ?fluid (ECF) is
a- cortisol b- aldosterone c- angiotensin d- potassium
c)5- The "tube" that carries urine from the urinary bladder to the outside world ) is the ____________ and the "tube" that carries urine from the kidney to the _____________ ?urinary bladder is the
a- collecting duct, nephron b- nephron, collecting duct c- urethra, ureter d- ureter, urethra
c) 6- The urinary bladder is made up of ________ smooth muscle layers and may ) ?contain _______ milliliters of __________ when moderately full
d- 2, 400, urine a- 2, 300, water b- 3, 1000, blood c- 3, 500, urine
c) 8 - Control of voluntary urination through the night does not usually occur in ) ?children before
.a- 6 years of age. .c- 4 years of age. b- 8 years of age d- 10 years of age
a) 9 - The glomerular filtration rate drops by about _____ percent by the age of ) ?70
a- 50 b- 10 c- 75 d- 25
The cells forming the outer layer (i.e. that closest to the basement -2 ( ) ?membrane) of the seminiferous tubule are the
a- spermatogonia b- sustentacular cell c- spermatids d- interstitial cells e- secondary spermatocytes
?Vasectomy does not affect the male secondary sexual characters because -8 ( )
a- the bulbourethral glands are not affected b- the interstitial cells are untouched c- the semen will still contain spermatozoa d- the testes are found in the scrotum e- the ductus deferens produces the male sex hormones
?From the ejaculatory duct, sperm can pass directly into the - 9 ( )
a- seminal vesicle b- epididymis c- seminiferous tubule d- urethra e- ductus deferens
?The largest of the accessory glands of the male reproductive system is the-12 ( )
a- Bartolini's glands b- seminal vesicles c- seminal receptacles d- prostate glands e- bulbourethral glands
The hormone directly responsible for the development of the male -14 ( ) ?secondary sexual characters is called
a- cortisol b- testosterone c- FSH d- epinephrine e- LH
What is the rupture of the Graafian follicle and the release of its contents -16 ( ) ?called
a- placentation b- mastication c- menstruation d- ovulation e- fertilization
The finger-like structures around the internal opening of the uterine or -17 ( ) ?Fallopian tube are known as the
a- cervix b- fundus c- cilia d- endometrium e- fimbriae
d- endometrium e- fundus
The tubular portion of the uterus, that extends downwards into the upper -19 ( ) ?part of the vagina, is known as the
a- myometrium b- epimetrium c- peritoneum d- cervix of the uterus e- endometrium
This nonmotile cell, produced by meiosis, develops into a motile sperm by -23 ( ) ?losing excess cytoplasm and developing a tail
a- secondary spermatocyte b- interstitial cell c- spermatogonium d- spermatid e- primary spermatocyte
Developing follicles produce this hormone which stimulates thickening of -24( ) the endometrium during each menstrual cycle and enlargement of female ?reproductive organs and breast development in a young woman
a- LH b- progesterone c- estrogen d- testosterone e- FSH
Starting at the site of sperm production, the correct sequence of structures -25 ( ) ?sperm pass through to reach the outside is
a- ejaculatory duct-epididymis-rete testis-vas deferens- urethra b- rete testis-epididymis-vas deferens-ejaculatory duct- urethra c- rete testis-epididymis-ejaculatory duct-vas deferens- urethra d- ejaculatory duct-rete testis-epididymis-vas deferens- urethra e- epididymis-rete testis-vas deferens-ejaculatory duct- urethra
This structure begins embedding itself in the endometrium of the uterus -26 ( ) ?about 7 days after ovulation
a- fetus b- zygote 39
What hormone produced by the blastocyst prods the glandular corpus -27 ( ) ?luteum to continue producing its hormones to maintain the endometrium
a- testosterone b- follicle stimulating hormone c- progesterone d- human chorionic gonadotropin e- oxytocin
During embryonic development ectoderm, one of the three primary -28 ( ) ?germlayers, gives rise to which of the following
a- nervous system b- muscles c- skeleton d- kidneys e- lining of the digestive tract
All body systems are present in at least rudimentary form by the end of -29 ( ) ?this week of development
a- 8 b- 16 c- 2 d- 12 e- 40
Since the reproductive system structures of males and females are -32 ( ) identical during early development, what determines whether male accessory ?reproductive organs are formed
a- absence of testosterone b- presence of LH c- presence of FSH d- absence of FSH e- presence of testosterone
Female reproductive capabilities end, and reproductive organs begin to -33 ( ) ?atrophy during
a- cryptorchidism b- parturition c- menopause d- menses e- menarche
e- antrum
This male hormone, or androgen, is necessary for sperm production and -35 ( ) ?causes the appearance of male secondary sex characteristics starting at puberty
a- testosterone b- LH c- progesterone d- FSH e- estrogen
Enlargement of the prostate gland can interfere with a male's reproductive -37 ( ) ?function and urination because it surrounds part of this tubular structure
a- epididymis b- vas deferens c- urethra d- ureter e- uterine tube
Which of the following events occurring during the menstrual cycle is -39 ( ) ?caused by an increase in estrogen in the blood
a- increase in blood supply and glandular secretion of the endometrium b- ovulation c- degeneration of the corpus luteum d- sloughing off of the endometrium e- thickening of the endometrium
Which of the following methods of contraception works mainly by -40 ( ) ?preventing ovulation
a- coitus interruptus b- intrauterine device ''c- birth control "pill d- diaphragm e- tubal ligation
.Chapter 16: The Reproductive System Self Test d) 1- Which of the following describes the pathway that sperm follow when ) ?leaving the male body
a- prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, spongy urethra, epididymis ductus (vas) deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethral orifice b- ejaculatory duct, prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, spongy urethra, epididymis ductus (vas) deferens, urethral orifice c- urethral orifice, spongy urethra, membranous urethra, prostatic urethra, ejaculatory duct, ductus (vas) deferens epididymis d- epididymis ductus (vas) deferens, ejaculatory duct, prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, spongy urethra, urethral orifice 41
a) 2- The endocrine product of the testis is _________ while the exocrine product ) ___________ ?is
a- testosterone, sperm b- estrogen, semen c- semen, estrogen d- sperm, testosterone
b) 4- Testosterone production is carried out by the ________ cells after being ) ___________ ?stimulated by
a- follicle, progesterone b- interstitial, luteinizing hormone c- egg, estrogen d- sperm, progesterone
c) 6- Which of the following glands produce both exocrine and endocrine ) ?products
a- testes, ovaries, mammaries b- testes, ovaries, anterior pituitary c- testes, ovaries, pancreas d- testes, ovaries, thymus
b) 7- Which of the following describes a pathway an ovum would follow to the ) ?exterior of the body
a- ovary b- ovary c- ovary d- ovary fundus uterine tube urethra uterine tube uterus vagina vagina myometrium endometrium uterus vagina fallopian tube
?d) 8- The three layers of the uterus from the inside to the outside are)
a- intrametrium mediometrium exometrium b- endomuscularis myomuscularis epimuscularis c- interiomuscularis mediomuscularis exteriomuscularis d- endometrium myometrium epimetrium
a) 10- The follicle cells of the ovary produce ________ and the corpus luteum ) _________ ?produces
a- estrogen, progesterone b- progesterone, estrogen c- luteinizing hormone, estrogen d- estrogen, luteinizing hormone
c) 11- The pathway of milk from the mammary gland to the outside of the body ) ?is
42
a- lactiferous duct alveolar gland nipple b- nipple lactiferous duct alveolar gland c- alveolar gland lactiferous duct nipple d- lobule gland alveolar gland lactiferous duct
?d) 14- The sequential stages of labor from the beginning are)
a- placental, dilation, and expulsion b- softening, crowning, and contraction c- softening, contraction, and stretch d- dilation, expulsion, and placental
a) 15- Which of the following represents a possible sequence of events in ) ?embryonic development
a- zygote morula blastocyst b- blastocyst zygote morula c- embryo vesicle zygote d- vesicle blastocyst zygote
?b)16- usually occurs about _____ year(s) after puberty in females) _____
a- menopause, 3 b- menarche, 2 c- menarche, 1 d- menopause, 2
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