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Excel Introduction- M.S. excel is a windows based spreadsheet package .A spreadsheet is a rows and, columns also called as a worksheet. M.S. excel is used for calculation, Recalculation, and to create, charts etc. Its Extension name is - .Xls Executable file name of M.S. excel is Excel.exe Ets file is known as workbook. A wordbook contain three (3)sheets by default. To start M.S. excelA. startruna box will be openexcelok. (or) B. From window Explorer, double click on any excel icon.(or) C. startall programsMicrosoft excel.(or) D. Startsearchthen a search result dialog box will bo open select all files and folders
EXCEL

EXCEL

SEARCH

DOUBLE CLICK ON IT TO OPEN IT.

In a worksheet there are: Total row:65536 Total column:256 Column header: a,b,c,___z,aa,ab,az,________iv. Row header:1,2,3,________65536. Bv default: Row height12.75 Column width8.43 CellEntire part of row and column is known as cells. (or)intersection of row and column is known as cells. Total cellstotal row*total column 65536 * 256

Cell address A. First cell addressA1{column name and row no.} B. Last cell addressIv65536{last column name and last row no.} Operators Operator is a symbol, used to specify the type of calculation that is to be performed on elements of a formula. 1. Arithmetic operators :+(plus)addition3+36 __(minus sign) subtraction3-12 *(asterisk)multiplication3*39 /(forward slash) division3/31 %( Percent sign)percent20% 2. Relational operators :=(Equal to sign) a1=b1 >(Greater than) a1>b1 <(Less than) a1<b1 >=(Greater than equal to) a1>=b1 <=(Less than equal to) a1<=b1 <>(Not equal to)a1<>b1 3. Reference operators ::(colon)b2:b10 ,(comma) sum(b2:b10,c2:c10) (single space)(b2:b10 v2:c10) Different pointers in excel :Select Drag(fill handle) Row Height(to increase or to decrease) Column width (to increase or to decrease) To move from one cell to another , the keyboard can also used. Keys function

(left arrow key) (or-tab key) : (right arrow key) (or-shift+tab key) (up arrow key) (down arrow key) Ctrl+right arrow key Ctrl+left arrow key Ctrl+up arrow key Ctrl+down arrow key Ctrl+home Page down Page up Alt+page down Alt+pagea up Ctrl+page down Ctrl+page up

Left one cell Right one cell Up one cell Down one cell Last cell in the row First cell in the row First cell in the column Last cell in the column First cell in a worksheet Down one screen Up one screen Left one screen Next sheet Previous sheet

1=: What is a spreadsheet? Ans=: A spreadsheer is a frid of row and columns, also called as a worksheet. 2=: What is a spreadsheet programs and applications? Ans=: A spreadsheet program is a graphical presentation of numeric data. 3=: What is a cells? Ans=: Intersection of row and column is known as cells. (or){the combination of the column letter and row number is called cell reference.} 4=: What is a range? Ans=: Range is a group of cells.(collection of cells is known as range) 5=: What is a active cell? Ans=: Working cell in known as active cell. (or) the selected cell is known as active cell. 6=: What is chart?

Ans=: A chart is a graphical representation of numeric data. There are two types of charts, they are 1=:simple chart.(simple chart is drown on separate sheet) 2=: Embedded chart. (embedded chart is drown on the same sheet) 7=: Auto sum? Ans=: Auto sum is used to total a range of numeric cells. This icon available in standard toolbar. To use this icon is, block the numeric cells, and click on the auto sum icon from standard toolbar. 8=: What is a function wizard? Ans=: The function can also be entered using the function wizard, instead of typing them. 9=: Formula bar? Ans=: A bar at the top of your Microsoft excel worksheet window that is used to enter or edit values and formulas in cells or charts. It display the cell content and formula in active cell. Formate menu: Cell option=: 1=:Number=: To change the number format Select the cells you want to format. On the format menu, clock cells, and then click the number tab. In the category box, click either date, time, or special Select the desired number format from the type box. Click ok 2=: Alignment=: Select text Formatcells Abox will be openSelect alignment tabSet alignment horizontally/vertically/set text control Wrap text/shrink to fit/merge cellsClick on ok. 3=:Font=: Change the font/font size/font style/font color/underline style/underline color/to create effect. 4=:Border=: Select textformat cellsa box will be openselect border tabset line stule for border/colorclick on ok. 5=:Patterns=: To create poattern for selected text. Select textFormatcellsA box will be open select pattern tabselect any one color for patternclick on ok. Row1=Height=: The row height is 12.75 by default. To change the height of row Select rowFromatrowHeightA box will be openSet no for change the height of row click on ok. 2=Auto fit=: to set the row height by default.

3=Hide/Unhide=: To show or hide selected row Select row FormatRow Select hide/unhide Column1=width=: The column width is 8.43 by default. Select columnFormatColumnWidthA box will be opentype no in column width box according to your requirementClick on ok. 2=Auto fot selection=: To set the column width to the text. Select columnFormatColumnAuto fit selection. 3=Hide/Unhide=: To show or hide the current sheer. Format Sheet Select hide or unhide 4=Dtandard width=: The standard width of column is 8.43 by default. Sheet1=Rename=: to changethe name of current sheer FormatSheetRename Type new name & click outside the sheer tab. FormatSheetSelect hide or Unhide. 3=Background=: To create background on excel worksheet. FormatSheetBackgroundSelect any one picture for backgroundClick on insert. To clear tab color=: FormatSheerTab colorA box will be open Select no colorClick on ok. Auto formatTo apply any pre-define format on selected text. Select textFormatAuto formata box will be open Select anu one predefine formatClick on ok. Conditional formatting Select the cells for which you want to add, change, or remove conditional formatting (conditional format: A format, such as cell shading or font color, that excel automatically applies to cells ig a specified condition is true.). Select empty cellsFormat conditional formattingA box will be open Set formatting according your requirementClick on ok. 1=Cell value is=between =0__1000 click on format button (blue color)add 2=Cell value is=between=1001__5000 Click on format button (red color double underline)add 3=Cell value is=greater than=5000 click on format button (green color) click on ok.

StyleTo create new style.

FormatStyleA box will be openType any name in style name box Click on modifySet formatting according to your requirementClick on okClick on addClick on close. Select textFormatStyleA box will be open Select style name Click on ok. Insert menu:: CellTo insert cells. InsertCells A box will be open Select any one & click on ok.

RowTo insert a row. Insertrow. ColumnTo insert a column.Insert Column. WorksheetTo insert new worksheet,InsertWorksheet. ChartA chart is a graphical representation of numeric data. There are two types of charts, they are 1=:simple chart. (simple chart is drown on separate sheet) (2=:Embedded chart. Embedded chart is drown on the same sheet )
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 A NAME RAM MOHAN SOHAN SHIV SHYAM ROHAN NEHA DOLLY SNEHA B SALARY 1200 1500 3500 1400 950 900 800 2500 1500 C COMM 24 30 70 28 19 18 16 50 30 D TOTAL 1224 1530 3570 1428 969 918 816 2550 1530

1To create embedded chart Select cell a1:c10Press f11 key. Than a chart will be displayed on a separate sheet. 2To create simple chart

Select cell a1:c10 insertChartThe a chart wizard dialog box will be openSelect any type of chart from standard/custom typeClick on nextThen a chart will be diplayed on a same sheet (existing worksheet).

SymbolTo insert any symbol. Insert SymbolA box will be openselect any one symbolClick on insert buttonClick on close. CommentTo insert any particular comment in your current sheet. Select any cellInsertCommentA comment box will be open Type any comment any comment box. To hide & show this comment boxViewComment Page breakTo create page break. InsertPage break. To show page break previewViewPage break preview. To remove page break To apply any one function.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 A NAME RAM MOHAN SOHAN SHIV SHYAM ROHAN NEHA DOLLY SNEHA B SALARY 1200 1500 3500 1400 950 900 800 2500 1500 C COMM 24 30 70 28 19 18 16 50 30 D TOTAL

Select cell d2InsertFunctionA box will be openSelect any one functionokok. PictureTo insert any picture. The Microsoft clip organizer contains drawings, photographs, sounds, videos, and other media files called clips that you can insert and use in presentations, publications, and other Microsoft office documents. Diagram diagram or organizational chart Insert DiagramA box will be open Click one of the following diagram types: Venn (Venn diagram: a diagram that is used to show areas of overlap between and among elements.)

o Cycle (cycle diagram: a diagram that is used to show a process that has a continuous cycle.) o Pyramid (pyramid diagram: a diagram that is used to show foundation based relationships.) o Target (target diagram: a diagram that is used to show steps toward a goal,) o Radial (radial diagram: a diagram that is used to show relationships of elements to a core element.) Click ok. Object To insert any picture or object. Insert ObjectA box will be open Select bitmap imageClick on okThen a drawing toolbar will be open Draw any picture in drawing box, Fill color in it & click the drawing box. Then the picture will be inserted in your current worksheet. Hyperlink{ctrl+k} to create link between two or more files. Insert Hyperlink A box will be openSelect file name Click on okThen the selected file name will be displayed at the cursor positioned To hump on this file click on file name. View menu Normal To show normal view. View Normal Page break preview To show page break preview.

 View Page break preview. Task pane{ctrl+f1}To open a task box. view Task paneThe a task box will be displayed at the right side of the window. Select any one task. Toolbar To add or remove formula bar . View Formula bar.{the formula bar will be displayed at he top of the screen below the formatting toolbar}. Status bar To add or remove status bar. The status of num lock, caps lock and scroll lock on the keyboard on the right side. Header and footerAdd headers and footers for printing. View Headers and footer a box will be openSet header an footer noteClick on ok..To show previewFilePrint preview. To close print preview Click on close button (or ) press short cut key alt+c. Comment To hide or show comment box. Custom view On the view menu, click custom views A box will be open Click on add button Type any name for the view in the view in the name box Click on ok.To show custom viewView Custom view A box will be open Select custom name click on show button. Full screen To show full screen without any toolbar. View Full screen.{to close full screenView viewFull screen(or) Click on close full screen button.} Zoom To set the zoom or your view Zoom A box will be openSet the zoom according to your requirement Click on ok {the record can be arrange in ascending or descending order.} Data menuSortIt is used for sorting the data. The record can be arrange in ascending or descending order.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 A NAME A B C A B A B A A B SALARY 1200 1500 3500 1400 950 900 800 2500 1500 C COMM 24 30 70 28 19 18 16 50 30 D TOTAL 1224 1530 3570 1428 969 918 816 2550 1530

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Select cell a1:d10 Select sort option from data menu A ox will be openSet sort bySet ascending (or) descending Click on ok. Filter There are two types of filter available in M .S. excel. They are(i) Auto

filter.(ii.)Advance filter. (I)Auto filterIt help us to display the records which meet a particular condition. The content of drop down box are each of the data item in the field and content like all, top10, custom (etc.).
NAME

(ALL) (TOPIO..) (CUSTOM) A B C

To show all records To show only top 10 records To give condition To show particular name record

(ii)Advanced filterIt is used to display the records that maintain a condition. The condition is written in a separate of the worksheet. A B C D E F G 1 NAME SAARY 2 1200 3 2000 4 3500 5 1400 6 2500

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7 8 9 10 11 12

900 800 2500 1500 NAME Salary A >2000

Select cell A1:B10DataFilterAdvance FilterA box will be open Advance Filter Action: Filter the list in place Copy to another location List Range Criteria Range Copy To OK 1) Select cell CANCEL

2) Select Cell D11:E12 3) Select Empty Cell (E1:E5) 4) Click On Ok

Data formExcel provides a built in data form to enter display, or delete the records on a data base. It has the following characteristics It display one record at a time. 1) It can display a maxim 2) Um of 32 fields at a time. 3) It can be used to add new records and edit existing record. To make new record Select any one cellData FormA box will be open
Click on new Type content Press enter.

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Subtotal To generate subtotal of numeric fields based on a controlling fields, the data must have been sorted on ascending or descending order of the controlling field. Select cell a1:a10Data SubtotalA box will be openSelect subtotal to Click on ok. Data validation Data validation is a process of verifying that the data is acceptable by applying certain rules. Select empty cell (d1:d10)Data ValidationA box will be openSet valid valley click on ok. To clear validationDataValidation select clear allOk. Text to column To type the text in different column. 1 2 3 A B C This is a Computer D
SELECT CELL A1DATATEXT TO COLUMNA BOX WILL BE OPEN CLICK ON NEXT NEXT OK.{RESULT} THIS IS A COMPUTER

ConsolidateTo consolidate data, You combine the values from several ranges of data. Group & outline To create group & outline for your data. {Microsoft excel can create an outline for your data to let you show and hide levels of detail with a single mouse click.} To create groupSelect cell a1:b10DataGroup & outlineSelect groupA box will be open
SELECT ROW OR COLUMN ACCORDING TO YOUR REQUIREMENT CLICK ON OK TO HIDE OR SHOW DETAILSSELECT CELLS DATAGROUP OUTLINESELECT HIDE OR SHOW DETAILS. TO REMOVE GROUP SELECT CELL DATAGROUP& OUTLINE UNGROUPSELECT ROW OR COLUMNOK TO SHOW OR HIDE OUTLINE DATA GROUP & OUTLINESELECT AUTO OOUTLINE OR CLEAR OUTLINE.

GROUP ROW COLUMN

OK CANCLE

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Pivot table pivot chart reports An interactive table that summaries data from a database is a pivot table. {a pivot table report is an interactive table that quickly combines and compares large amounts of data.} Pivot table is used for create summary. Select cell a1:b10Data Pivot table and pivot chart reportThen a pivot table chart wizard dialog will be openSelect pivot table (or) pivot chart reportClick on nextAgain click on next Select new worksheet (or) existing worksheet Select layoutClick on ok Finish Then a chart report will be displayed on a separate. Tools menu SpellingTo check spelling. Tools Spelling A box will be open Select ignore/ignore all/change/change all/add to dictionary/auto correct etcClick on ok. ResearchForm the research task pane, you can search multiple sources or select a specific source. ToolsResearchThen a research task box will be displayed at the right side of the window. Type any text in research box press enter key. Error checking To show error of your current sheet. Tools Error checking. ProtectionTo protect your workbook or worksheet. (1)Tools ProtectionProtect sheetA protect sheet dialog box will be open Type any password in password box Click on okRe-enter your PasswordClick on ok. TO unprotect your worksheet: Tools Protection Unprotect sheet A box will be open Type your password Click on ok. (2)To protect your workbookFirst restore your WorkbookToolsProtection workbookA box will be open Select window, Type password in password box Click on okAgain reenter your passwordClick on ok. To unprotect your workbookTools ProtectionUnprotect workbook A box will be open Type your password in password box Click on ok. Goal seekIt is used to change the value of cell which formula is apply by changing only one cell.{this tool helps the user to find a solution for a formula by changing a single variable.} P R T I 1000 2 3 =A2*B2*C2/100 SELECT CELL D2TOOLS GOAL SEEKA 0
BOX WILL BE OPEN

14 GOAL SEEK SET CELL: D2 TO VALUE: 450 BY CHANGING $B$2 CELL: OK CANCEL

ScenariosWith the help of this option we can change the multiple cells value. {A scenarios is a group of input values saved with a name.} Select cell a2:c2Tools ScenariosA box will be openClick on add button Type any name in scenarios name box Click on okSet value Click on ok. (To set more value again repeat above steps.) To show scenario recordsClick on show button.
Formula auditingIt is the relationship between cells and formula on the sheet error, auditing ace arrows on the cell that contain a formula. Pl.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

A ENG 55 66 44 88 22 66 =B3+C5+D7+B

B 20 50 40 60 66 88 88 80

C BIO 25 52 45 50 45 55 =B2*B6*B

HINDI 66 55 88 55 44 44 =B2*B6*B

E TOTAL =SUM(A2:E2) =SUM(A3:E3) =SUM(A4:E4) =SUM(A5:E5) =SUM(A6:E6) =SUM(A7:E7)

(i)Trace PrecedentSelect cell a8 ToolsFormula auditingTrace precedentsThe arrow will be displayed {to remove arrow Select cell a8 Tools Formula auditingRemove all arrows. (ii)Trace ErrorSelect cell bbTools Formula auditing Trace precedent. (iii)Trace Error Select cell d8 toolsFormula auditingTrace error The arrow will be displayed. To remove all arrowsSelect cell b8 tools Formula auditing Remove all arrows.

 Macro (alt+f8)This option is used for record the formatting of the text. Select textTools MacroRecord new macroThe a box will be openType macro name in macro name box Type any key with ctrl+any numberClick on ok. Then change the formatting of the text such type of b/i/u/font/font color, etc. TO apply this formatting on another text Select another textToolsMacromacroA box will be openSelect macro nameClick on run.(then another Text will be automatically changed.)(or)press short cut key of macro. Auto correctTo automatically detect and correct typos, misspelled words, and incorrect capitalization, you can use auto correct. To correct common error. To create an auto correct entry Tools Auto correctA box will be openType any incorrect word in replace box and the correct word in with boxClick on add Click on ok. Customize Customize option is used to create new toolbar according to your requirement. Tools CustomizeA customize dialog box will be open Select toolbar tab, click on newA box will be openType any nameClick on ok. Then a toolbar box will be displayed on the screenClick on command tab Click a category in the categories box.Drag the command you want from the commands box to the displayed toolbar When you have added all the buttons and menus yow want, click close. To add or remove toolbar: 1) ViewToolbarSelect toolbar name (which you want to add or remove). File menu:New{ctrl+n}To open a new workbook. 1File NewSelect blank workbook. 2(OR)press short cut key ctrl+n 3Click on new icon from standard. Open{ctrl+o}To open a file which is already created. 1File Open A box will be openSelect file name (which you want to open) Click on open button. 2Or press short cut key ctrl+o 3 Click on open icon from standard toolbar.

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 Close To close current workbook. 1File Close. 2(or) press short cut key ctrl+w. SaveTo save your current workbook.(CTRL+S) 1File SaveA box will be displayed on the screenType any file name Click on save button. Save as (F12)To change file name. 1To change file menu, click save as. A box will be open In the file name box, type a new name for the workbook. Click open save button. (or) To create duplicate copy of file. (or)To change the location of file. Save work spaceWith the help of this option we can save different work book with different work area. First open two or more files and save Set files according to the space FileSave workspaceA box will be openType file name Click on save button Close all file one by one To open both files Files File OpenA box will be openSelect file name click on open button. Edit menu Undo {Ctrl+z}TO reverse the previous task. 1. Type textSelect textChange the formatting of the text such as b/i/u/font size/font color 2. To reverse the task 3. EditUndo (or) Press Ctrl+Z (or) Click on undo icon from standard toolbar.

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Redo{Ctrl+Y} TO repeat the task.

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1. Select textEditRedo 2. (or)Press ctrl+Y 3. (or)Click on redo icon from standard toolbar. Cut{Ctrl+X} TO clear selected text. 1. Type textSelect textEdit Cut 2. To shift the text other side 3. Place the cursor at that location, where you want to put the text 4. EditPaste. Copy{Ctrl+c}TO create duplicate copy of selected text. Select text Edit CopyPlace the cursor other side EditPaste. Office clipcoardTO insert the copied text from the clipboard. 1. Edit office clipboardA task box will be displayed at the right side of the window Select text from the clipboard. Paste as hyperlink: TO create link for your current workbook. First save your workbookSelect text Edit Copy Place the cursor other side(Where you want to show hyperlink)Edit Paste as hyperlink. Fill: Down
Up Right Left A cross work sheet Series Justify

(i)Fill:With the help of this option we can fill up any value in any direction. Procedure: Write the value in any one cell. Select the cell which you can fill upEditFillDown/Up/Right/Left(Select any one)Click on ok. (ii)Across worksheetWith the help of this option we copy the slected dada From one sheet to another sheet. All:Copy the data with value and format. Format:Copy only formatting of the selected data. Content:First write the data in sheet 1Set the formattingSelect the data Press ctrl key and click on sheet2Edit Fill Select across worksheet A list will be displayed Select All/Content/Format(any one)Click on ok. (iii)Serues: With the helpl of this option we can create the series of a particular value. Procedure:First Wrige the number Select range EditFillClick on ok

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A series dialog box will be displayed. Then Set Step value and stop value. (A)Trend:To generate series. Select cell a1 type any value in a1 cell. Select cell a1 to a5 Edit FillSeriesTrendClick on ok. (B)Linear:To add one or another number in to selected cell also define stop value. Procedure: Select cell a1 write the value in cell a1=a10Select the range (a1 to a10) EditFillSeriesA box will be openSelect linearClick on ok. (C)Growth: To multiply one or another number in to selected cell also define stop value. (D)Auto fill: Same as down option. (E)Justify: A B 1 This is a computer 2

Select cell a1Edit FillJustifyOk. The output will be displayed A B 1 This is a 2 computer 3 Clear: ALL FORMAT CONTENTS (DEL) COMMENT To clear all data/format of selected data/only value/or comment etc.Select textEditClearSelect any one. Delete:To Delete any selected cell/row /or column.

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Delete Sheet:To delete current sheet. EditDelete sheet. Move or copy sheet: TO move current sheet or to create duplicate copy of current sheet. EditMove or copy sheet A box will be open Select any one sheet or click on create a copy Click on ok.

Find:{Ctrl+F}TO find any particular word in your current document. Edit Find A box will be open Type any word in find what box (which you want to find)Click on find next button. Replace:{Ctrl+H} TO replace any particular word. Edit ReplaceA box will be openType any word in find what box (which you want to replace) Type new word in replace with box Click on replace or replace all. Goto:{Ctrl+G}To go on any page/bookmark/comment etc Edit Go to A box will be open Select line/page/bookmarkClick on go go button Then the cursor will be jump on this text. Functions with examples 1.Mathematical and statistical function 1. Sum() It is a mathematical function used to add the numeric value in a range of cells.{adds all the numbers in a range of cells.}

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Syntax: =Sum(range) =Sum(a1:Lb5){or}=sum(b2:b5) {output}12050 (or) =Sum(number1,number2,.) =Sum(100,200,100) {Outplut}400 Number1, number2,. Are to 30 arguments for which you want the total value or sum. NAME SALARY RAM 5000 MOHAN 1250 SOHAN 2250 ROHAN 3550 TOTAL SALARY =SUM(B2:B5) 2.Max() Returns the largest value in the range (a set of values). It is a statistical function. Syntax: =Max(range) =Max(b2:b5) {output}5000 (or) =Max(number1.number2,..) =max(2,3,15,20,16) {output}20 3.Min() Returns the lowest value in the range of cell. It is a statistical function. Syntax: =Min(number1,number2,) (or)=Min(range) =min (b2:b5) {output}1250 4.Average() Calculate and returns the average(arithmetic mean) of the numeric values in the range of cells. It is statistical function.

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Syntax: =Average(range) =Average(a1:b5){or}=Average(b2:b5) {output}(or)3012.50 (or) =Average(number1,number2,..) =Average(100,200,100) {output}133.333 5. Product() It calculate the multiplication of the given number. Syntax:=Product(number1,number2,.) =Product(10,20) {output}200 6. Power() It returns the value of any number given to rising of power. Syntax:=Power(Number,Power) =Power(2,3) {For=23} Output8 7.Mod() It calculate the reminder of the number divided by the divisible. Syntax:=Mod (number,divisible) =mod(5,2) Output1 8. Squt() It calculate the square root of the given number. Syntax:=Squrt(number) =Sqrt(25) Output5 9. Odd() It returns the nearest odd number of the given nmber. Syntsx:=Odd(number) Odd(3.1) Output5 10. Round() This function rounds a number to specified number of digits.

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Syntax:=Round(number,Numdigit) =Round(45.56,1) Output45.6 11. Count(range) Count the number of cells that contain numbers. Syntax:=Count(Range) =Count(A1:B5) Output:4 12. Counta(Range) =Counta(A1:B5) Output:10 13. Countblank(Rnge) Count empty cells or non blank cells. Syntax:=Count blank(Range) Countblank(A1:B5) Output:0 Text Function: 1. Upper(Text) This function is used to convert the text from small letter to capital letter. (or) To changes the case from lower case to upper case. Syntax:=Upper(String) OutputCLEAN ME 2. =Lower(Text) This function is used to convert the text from capital letter to small letter. (or) To changes the case from upper case to lower case. Syntax:Lower(String) =Lower(COMPUTER) OutputComputer 3. Proper(Text) This function is used for convert the text in to proper case. Proper case means first letter of the text is capital and remaining are small. Syntax:=Proper(Text) =(PARTS OF COMPUTER) OutputParts of computer

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4. Left(String,number) Returns the specified number of character from the left side of a text string. If the number is not specified, it returns the first character. =Left(Name,3) Output:Name 5. Right(String,number) Returns the specified number of character from the Right side of a text string. If the number is not specified, it returns the Last character. Sjyntax:=Right(Stirng,number) =Right(Name,2) Output:me 6. Mid() Returns a specified number of character starting from a specified position in a text string. Syntax:=Mid(String, start number, number of character) =Mid(Name,2,2) Output:am 7. Len() Returns the length of a text string. Spaces are count as character. Syntax:=Len(String) =Len(Name) Output: 4 8. Rept() Returns the given text a specified number of times. Syntax:=Rept(String) =Rept(Name,2) Output:NameName 9. Trim() Remove all extra space from a sting but not single space. Syntax:=Trim(Character1 Character2 Character3) =Trim(C---o---m---p---u---t---e---r) Output:C-o-m-p-u-t-e-r 10. Space() It display the number of space. Syntax:Space(haracter1,spacenumber, Character2) =Space(Computer, 4 Institute) Output:ComputerInstitute

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11. Alltrim() It remove Left/Right space. Syntax:=Alltrim(------Character-------) =Alltrim(-------Computer--------) Output:Computer 12. Rtrim() It removes right side space. Syntax:=Rtrim(-------Character-------) =Rtrim(------Computer-------) Output:-------Computer 13. Ltrim() It removes left side space. Syntax:=Ltrim(-------Character------) =Rtrim(-------Computer------) Output:-----Computer 14. Ltrim() It removes legt side space. Syntax:=Ltrim(------Character-------) =Ltrim(-------computer-------) Output:Computer-----Date and time funchtin: I. Now() {Press emter key} To show current date and time II. Today() {Press enter keyt} To show current date. III. Press:Ctrl+colon (or) ctrl+: To show current date. IV. Press:Ctrl+Shift+Colon (or)Ctrl+Shift+: To show current time. Logical function: Logical function are used to see whether a condition is true or false or to check for multiple condition.

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If() The function If is use to determine whether a condition is true or false:one value is returned if the condition is true, and a different value is returned if the condition is false. Syntax:=If (Condition,true action, false action) (or)=If (Logical test value,True value, false value) A B C D E F G 1 Name Sub Sub Sub total percent grade 1 2 3 2 Ram 40 46 33 =B2+c2+d =E2/3 2 3 Mohan 35 42 52 4 Sohan 30 48 25 5 Shiv 38 68 22 6 Shyam 50 50 33 7 Rohan 33 35 66 8 Dolly 35 33 55 9 Neha 63 20 65 1 Sneha 45 15 55 0 i) For grade we use IF function: Grade is based on percentage: Per Grade <33 Fail >= Pass =if(f2<33,fail,pass) ii) A B C D 1 Name Salary comm Total salary 2 Ram 1900 3 Mohan 1500 4 Sohan 1000 5 Shiv 2500 6 Shyam 950 7 Rohan 3200 8 Dolly 220 9 Neha 3000 10 sheha 4500

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Commission is based on salary: Table1 Salary Comm. <1500 0 > 50 =if(b2<1500,0,50) Table 2 Salary Comm 0-2000 2%of salary >= 3%of salary if(b2<2000,b2*2%,b2*3%) :NESTED IF: Syntax:=if(condition,True value,if(Condition,True value,False value))
A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Item code Lux Breeze Margo Denim Lifeboy Lux Breeze Denim Margo B Qty 10 20 15 30 10 20 14 15 35 C Rate 10 15 20 5.5 22 11 10.5 15 15 D Sales =B2*C2 E Discount F Net sales =D2-E2

Table 3 Sales Diss 0-100 0 100-300 20 >300 50 =if(d0<100,0,if(d2<=300,20,50))

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Item code Lux Breeze Margo Denim Lifeboy Lux Breeze Denim Margo

Qty 10 20 15 30 10 20 14 15 35

Rate 10 15 6.5 5.5 22 11 10.5 15 15

Sales =B2*C2

27 Discount

Net sales =D2-E2

Table 4 Sales Diss Less150 1% of sales 150-500 2% of sales 501-800 3% of sales >800 4% of sales =if(d2<150,d2*1%,if(d2<=500,d2*2%,if(d2<=800,d2*3%,d2*4%))) (i)SUMIF:It is used to total a range of numeric cell based on condition. Syntax:=Sumif(Range to check,Criteria,Range to total). (ii)COUNTIF:To count the number of cells which have a condition. Syntax:=Countif(Range to chedk,Criteria). A B C 1 Item Month Sales 2 aa jan 1200 3 aa feb 1000 4 bb jan 9540 5 cc march 900 6 bb jan 950 7 aa march 3500 8 bb feb 1250 9 cc jan 3500 10 aa feb 2550

1. How much the sale of aa in one year?

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=Sumif(A1:A10,aa,C1:C10) 2. How many times aa item is coming in this list? =Countif(A1:A10,aa) 3. Total sales of jan? =Sumif(b2:b10,jan,C2:C10) 4. Total sales of march? =Sumif(b2:b10,march,c2:c10) 5.Total sales of feb? =Sumif(b2:b10,feb,c2;c10) 6. Sum of sales till 1500? =Sumif(c2:c10,<=1500) 7. Sum of sales above 2000? =Sumif(c2:c10,>2000) 8. Count of jan? =Countif(b2:b10,jan) 9. Countif(b2:b10,feb) =Countif(b2:b10,feb) 10. Count of march? =Countif(b2:b10,march)