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RO , RO 2 , activity of which in 103 – a 104 time higher, than at ozone. Such blowing in same queue
are initiated by the additional chains of burning of fuel, that gives more complete burning down of
coal.
Hard fuel burning. The experiments on optimization of hard fuel burning (anthracite coal) were
conducted on setting which consists: from a combustion chamber with the arc device; thermostat;
source of energy and compressor. The arc device is the complete set of the reticulated electrodes with
an inflicted on them catalyst. Electrodes are placed in the ceramic tube of combustion chamber. A
combustion chamber is placed in an electro-thermostat which a coal inflames by. Air which before
contiguity with a coal passed through electrodes was given from below in a combustion chamber.
Researches were conducted with a coal the particles which had a size about 0,25-2 mm. In a
combustion chamber loaded a 1 kg of coal which ignited by an electro-thermostat. After the self-
ignition the igniter was disconnected. The output of heat was determined on heating of permanent
quantity of water. Measuring of temperature of water produced in every 2 minutes, time of ending of
coal burning was determined on Δt=0. Adopted total time of getting up of water temperature in times
of burning down of portion of coal maximal temperature to which conducted heating there was 90°С
The process of the local boiling which takes large errors in determination of quantity of heat from the
flowline of process of phase transition are possible and begin at more high temperatures.
A coal was burned without the inclusion of arc device (single experience) and with the
inclusion of arc device, to complete combustion of coal.
On the fig. 1 dependences of water temperature change on time during carrying out single test
and experiment with a discharge are presented. Two equal hinge-plates of coal took away by
representative tests and burned at identical terms during one experiment.
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теплоти,CкДж
60
50
Water temperature,
40
2
30
1
Кількість
20
10
0
0 100 200 300 400 500
Time,
Час,seconds
с
Dependences of water temperature change and time of burning down of coal were marked.
As you can see from these dependences, at incineration of coal with a discharge there is the
speed-up heating of water, that testifies to the selection of greater quantity of heat, than at single
experience. On the resulted curves three regions are visible: region of establishment of even process
of burning (beginning of curves from 0 to 2 minutes), region of the even burning of coal (rectilinearly
area in sredine of curve from 2 to 16 minutes) and region of fading of process of burning (after a 16
minute). For computation the power of coal combustion and efficiency in the described plant it was
taken the area of the even burning.
Specific power of heat selection at single experience arrives at 2251.3 W, while at the use of
arc arrives at 3076.84 W, that anymore on 26.8 % and in same queue lowers the expense of fuel on a
the same part.
The degree of coal burning down during conducting of both experiments is definite. For this
purpose was definite ashity of coal and degree of burning down of coal at burning without arc and with
arc. The degree of coal burning down at single experience makes approximately 72 % (that
approximately corresponds to the caldrons having of heating with a whole grate); the degree of coal
5
burning down at the using arc arrives at 89 %. The degree of increase of burning down made on the
average 17,45 %.
Using this method of optimization of hard fuel burning process there is the declining of carbon
oxide (ІІ) in exhaust gases on 60-80 %, oxides of nitrogen to 40 %, aldehydes and benz(а)piren to 40-
55%, soot to 60%. In connection with possibility to work at the coefficient of air surplus less than
1,17-1,19 the volume of outgoing gases goes down on 5-15%.
Thus, the offered method of intensification of burning process results in more complete burning
down of hard fuel and rise of Output Input Ratio of caldron.
Optimization of process of burning of gaseous fuel. The experiments on optimization of
burning process of gaseous fuel were conducted on stand and pilot options(fig. 2). For prevention the
declining of catalyst activity, a catalyst was shown out of area of burning.
The experiments were conducted, both with a clean gaseous fuel, and with addition in the
gaseous fuel of different additives. As a fuel the methane and propane-butane mixture were used. A
propane -butane mixture has the soft terms of electrocontacting comparatively.
Time of heating of definite volume of water was located from initial (the temperatures 8-20 0C)
to 98 0C. The volumes of water made 1000 dm3. Every experiment was repeated as minimally 3 times
to reproduction of results. Researches were conducted at the expense of the gas 150, 200, 300, 400
dm3/min (time of staying in the area of electrocatalysis accordingly 0,036, 0,027, 0,018, 0,014
seconds).
The most economy of fuel is achieved at the dosage in the gas stream of additives at tension 4-
20 kV and arrived at approximately 12 %. Consumable power at the electro-catalysis made on the
average 3-5% from the got power due to the economy of fuel. But consumable power here
considerably higher. On the economy of fuel time of gas stream staying in the area of reaction does
not mean. On the fig. 3 dependences of water temperature change on time during carrying out single
test and experiment with a discharge are presented.
At by the use as a fuel natural gas the electro-initiation of process of synthesis of radicals was
carried out at tension of 10kV and higher. There was the considerable economy of fuel ( without
addition of additives ∼15 %, with addition of additives ∼ 20 %).
The experiments on intensification of burning process of methane in the area of electro-
catalysis in the conditions of turbines at the transportation of natural gas are conducted.
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20
води,
Water temperature,
15
температура
2 1
10
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Час, seconds
Time, сек