The Bermuda Triangle, sometimes called the Devil's Triangle, is reputedly an area in the western part of the North

Atlantic Ocean. The triangle doesn't exist according to the US Navy and is not [1] recognized by the US Board on Geographic Names. However, a number of aircraft and surface vessels are said to have disappeared in the triangle under unknown circumstances. Popular culture has attributed various disappearances to the paranormal or [2] activity by extraterrestrial beings. Documented evidence indicates that a significant percentage of [3][4][5] the incidents were spurious, inaccurately reported, or embellished by later authors. Contrary to [3] popular belief, insurance companies do not charge higher premiums for shipping in this area.

Triangle area
Writers give different boundaries to the triangle, with the total area varying from 500,000 to 1.5 million [4] square miles. This means that different accidents happen inside the triangle depending on which [4] writer reports them. The first written boundaries date from a 1964 issue of pulp [6] magazine Argosy, where the triangle's three vertices are in Miami, Florida peninsula; in San [4] Juan, Puerto Rico; and in the mid-Atlantic island of Bermuda. The United States Board on Geographic Names does not recognize this name, and it's not delimited in any map drawn by US [4] government agencies. The area is one of the most heavily traveled shipping lanes in the world, with ships crossing through it daily for ports in the Americas, Europe, and the Caribbean Islands. Cruise ships are also plentiful, and pleasure craft regularly go back and forth between Florida and the islands. It is also a heavily flown route for commercial and private aircraft heading towards Florida, the Caribbean, and South America from points north.

History
Origins
The earliest allegation of unusual disappearances in the Bermuda area appeared in a September 16, [7] 1950 Associated Press article by Edward Van Winkle Jones. Two years later, Fatemagazine [8] published "Sea Mystery at Our Back Door", a short article by George X. Sand covering the loss of several planes and ships, including the loss of Flight 19, a group of five U.S. NavyTBM Avenger bombers on a training mission. Sand's article was the first to lay out the now-familiar triangular area where the losses took place. Flight 19 alone would be covered in the April 1962 issue [9] of American Legion Magazine. It was claimed that the flight leader had been heard saying "We are entering white water, nothing seems right. We don't know where we are, the water is green, no white." It was also claimed that officials at the Navy board of inquiry stated that the planes "flew off to Mars." Sand's article was the first to suggest a supernatural element to the Flight 19 incident. In the February 1964 issue of Argosy, Vincent Gaddis's article "The Deadly Bermuda Triangle" argued that Flight 19 [6] and other disappearances were part of a pattern of strange events in the region. The next year, [10] Gaddis expanded this article into a book, Invisible Horizons. Others would follow with their own works, elaborating on Gaddis's ideas: John Wallace Spencer [11] [12] (Limbo of the Lost, 1969, repr. 1973); Charles Berlitz (The Bermuda Triangle, 1974); Richard [13] Winer (The Devil's Triangle, 1974), and many others, all keeping to some of the same supernatural [14] elements outlined by Eckert.

Larry Kusche
Lawrence David Kusche, a research librarian from Arizona State University and author of The [15] Bermuda Triangle Mystery: Solved (1975) argued that many claims of Gaddis and subsequent

writers were often exaggerated, dubious or unverifiable. Kusche's research revealed a number of inaccuracies and inconsistencies between Berlitz's accounts and statements from eyewitnesses, participants, and others involved in the initial incidents. Kusche noted cases where pertinent information went unreported, such as the disappearance of round-the-world yachtsman Donald Crowhurst, which Berlitz had presented as a mystery, despite clear evidence to the contrary. Another example was the ore-carrier recounted by Berlitz as lost without trace three days out of an Atlantic port when it had been lost three days out of a port with the same name in the Pacific Ocean. Kusche also argued that a large percentage of the incidents that sparked allegations of the Triangle's mysterious influence actually occurred well outside it. Often his research was simple: he would review period newspapers of the dates of reported incidents and find reports on possibly relevant events like unusual weather, that were never mentioned in the disappearance stories. Kusche concluded that: The number of ships and aircraft reported missing in the area was not significantly greater, proportionally speaking, than in any other part of the ocean. In an area frequented by tropical storms, the number of disappearances that did occur were, for the most part, neither disproportionate, unlikely, nor mysterious; Furthermore, Berlitz and other writers would often fail to mention such storms or even represent the disappearance as having happened in calm conditions when meteorological records clearly contradict this. The numbers themselves had been exaggerated by sloppy research. A boat's disappearance, for example, would be reported, but its eventual (if belated) return to port may not have been. Some disappearances had, in fact, never happened. One plane crash was said to have taken place in 1937 off Daytona Beach, Florida, in front of hundreds of witnesses; a check of the local papers revealed nothing. The legend of the Bermuda Triangle is a manufactured mystery, perpetuated by writers who either purposely or unknowingly made use of misconceptions, faulty reasoning, and [15] sensationalism.

Further responses
When the UK Channel 4 television program "The Bermuda Triangle" (c. 1992) was being produced by John Simmons of Geofilms for the Equinox series, the marine insurance market Lloyd's of London was asked if an unusually large number of ships had sunk in the Bermuda Triangle area. [16] Lloyd's of London determined that large numbers of ships had not sunk there. Lloyd's does not [3] charge higher rates for passing through this area. United States Coast Guard records confirm their conclusion. In fact, the number of supposed disappearances is relatively insignificant considering the number of ships and aircraft that pass [15] through on a regular basis. The Coast Guard is also officially skeptical of the Triangle, noting that they collect and publish, through their inquiries, much documentation contradicting many of the incidents written about by the Triangle authors. In one such incident involving the 1972 explosion and sinking of the tanker SS V. A. [17] Fogg, the Coast Guard photographed the wreck and recovered several bodies, in contrast with one Triangle author's claim that all the bodies had vanished, with the exception of the captain, who was [11] found sitting in his cabin at his desk, clutching a coffee cup. In addition, V. A. Fogg sank off the coast of Texas, nowhere near the commonly accepted boundaries of the Triangle.

The NOVA/Horizon episode The Case of the Bermuda Triangle, aired on June 27, 1976, was highly critical, stating that "When we've gone back to the original sources or the people involved, the mystery evaporates. Science does not have to answer questions about the Triangle because those questions are not valid in the first place... Ships and planes behave in the Triangle the same way they behave [18] everywhere else in the world." David Kusche pointed out a common problem with many of the Bermuda Triangle stories and theories: "Say I claim that a parrot has been kidnapped to teach aliens human language and I challenge you to prove that is not true. You can even use Einstein's Theory of Relativity if you like. There is simply no way to prove such a claim untrue. The burden of proof should be on the people who make these statements, to show where they got their information from, to see if their conclusions [18] and interpretations are valid, and if they have left anything out." Skeptical researchers, such as Ernest Taves and Barry Singer, have noted how mysteries and the paranormal are very popular and profitable. This has led to the production of vast amounts of material on topics such as the Bermuda Triangle. They were able to show that some of the proparanormal material is often misleading or inaccurate, but its producers continue to market it. Accordingly, they have claimed that the market is biased in favor of books, TV specials, and other media that support the Triangle mystery, and against well-researched material if it espouses a skeptical viewpoint. Finally, if the Triangle is assumed to cross land, such as parts of Puerto Rico, the Bahamas, or Bermuda itself, there is no evidence for the disappearance of any land-based vehicles or [citation needed] persons. The city of Freeport, located inside the Triangle, operates a major shipyard and [21] an airport that handles 50,000 flights annually and is visited by over a million tourists a year.
[19] [20]

Supernatural explanations
Triangle writers have used a number of supernatural concepts to explain the events. One explanation pins the blame on leftover technology from the mythical lost continent of Atlantis. Sometimes connected to the Atlantis story is the submerged rock formation known as the Bimini Road off the island of Bimini in the Bahamas, which is in the Triangle by some definitions. Followers of the purported psychic Edgar Cayce take his prediction that evidence of Atlantis would be found in 1968 as referring to the discovery of the Bimini Road. Believers describe the formation as a road, wall, or [22] other structure, though geologists consider it to be of natural origin. Other writers attribute the events to UFOs. This idea was used by Steven Spielberg for his science fiction film Close Encounters of the Third Kind, which features the lost Flight 19 aircrews asalien abductees. Charles Berlitz, author of various books on anomalous phenomena, lists several theories attributing [12] the losses in the Triangle to anomalous or unexplained forces.
[23]

Natural explanations
Compass variations
Compass problems are one of the cited phrases in many Triangle incidents. While some have [24] theorized that unusual local magnetic anomalies may exist in the area, such anomalies have not been found. Compasses have natural magnetic variations in relation to the magnetic poles, a fact which navigators have known for centuries. Magnetic (compass) north and geographic (true) northare only exactly the same for a small number of places for example, as of 2000 in the United States [25] only those places on a line running from Wisconsin to the Gulf of Mexico. But the public may not be

as informed, and think there is something mysterious about a compass "changing" across an area as [15] large as the Triangle, which it naturally will.

False-color image of the Gulf Stream flowing north through the western Atlantic Ocean. (NASA)

Gulf Stream
The Gulf Stream is a deep ocean current that originates in the Gulf of Mexico and then flows through the Straits of Florida into the North Atlantic. In essence, it is a river within an ocean, and, like a river, it can and does carry floating objects. It has a surface velocity of up to about 2.5 metres per second [26] (5.6 mi/h). A small plane making a water landing or a boat having engine trouble can be carried away from its reported position by the current.

Human error
One of the most cited explanations in official inquiries as to the loss of any aircraft or vessel is human [27] error. Human stubbornness may have caused businessman Harvey Conover to lose his sailing [28] yacht, the Revonoc, as he sailed into the teeth of a storm south of Florida on January 1, 1958.

Violent weather
Hurricanes are powerful storms, which form in tropical waters and have historically cost thousands of lives lost and caused billions of dollars in damage. The sinking of Francisco de Bobadilla's Spanish fleet in 1502 was the first recorded instance of a destructive hurricane. These storms have in the past caused a number of incidents related to the Triangle. A powerful downdraft of cold air was suspected to be a cause in the sinking of the Pride of Baltimore on May 14, 1986. The crew of the sunken vessel noted the wind suddenly shifted and increased velocity from 20 mph to 6090 mph. A National Hurricane Center satellite specialist, James Lushine, stated "during very unstable weather conditions the downburst of cold air from aloft can hit [29] the surface like a bomb, exploding outward like a giant squall line of wind and water." A similar event occurred to the Concordia in 2010 off the coast of Brazil.

Methane hydrates
Main article: Methane clathrate

Worldwide distribution of confirmed or inferred offshore gas hydrate-bearing sediments, 1996. Source: USGS

An explanation for some of the disappearances has focused on the presence of large fields [30] of methane hydrates (a form of natural gas) on thecontinental shelves. Laboratory experiments carried out in Australia have proven that bubbles can, indeed, sink a scale model ship by decreasing [31][32][33] the density of the water; any wreckage consequently rising to the surface would be rapidly dispersed by the Gulf Stream. It has been hypothesized that periodic methane eruptions (sometimes called "mud volcanoes") may produce regions of frothy water that are no longer capable of providing adequate buoyancy for ships. If this were the case, such an area forming around a ship could cause it to sink very rapidly and without warning. Publications by the USGS describe large stores of undersea hydrates worldwide, including the Blake [34] Ridge area, off the southeastern United Statescoast. However, according to another of their papers, no large releases of gas hydrates are believed to have occurred in the Bermuda Triangle for [16] the past 15,000 years.

Rogue waves
In various oceans around the world, rogue waves have caused ships to sink and oil platforms to [36] [37][38] topple. These waves, until 1995, were considered to be a mystery and/or a myth.
[35]

Notable incidents
Main article: List of Bermuda Triangle incidents

Ellen Austin
The Ellen Austin supposedly came across a derelict ship, placed on board a prize crew, and attempted to sail with it to New York in 1881. According to the stories, the derelict disappeared; others elaborating further that the derelict reappeared minus the prize crew, then disappeared again with a second prize crew on board. A check from Lloyd's of London records proved the existence of the Meta, built in 1854 and that in 1880 the Meta was renamed Ellen Austin. There are no casualty listings for this vessel, or any vessel at that time, that would suggest a large number of missing men [39] were placed on board a derelict that later disappeared.

Schooner Carroll A. Deering, as seen from the Cape Lookout lightvessel on January 29, 1921, two days before she was found deserted in North Carolina. (US Coast Guard)

USS Cyclops
Main article: USS Cyclops (AC-4) The incident resulting in the single largest loss of life in the history of the US Navy not related to combat occurred when USS Cyclops, under the command of Lt Cdr G.W. Worley, went missing without a trace with a crew of 309 sometime after March 4, 1918, after departing the island

of Barbados. Although there is no strong evidence for any single theory, many independent theories exist, some blaming storms, some capsizing, and some suggesting that wartime enemy activity was to [40][41] blame for the loss. In addition, two of Cyclops's sister ships, Proteus and Nereus were subsequently lost in the North Atlantic during World War II. Both ships were transporting heavy loads of metallic ore similar to that which was loaded onCyclops during her fatal voyage. In all three cases structural failure due to overloading with a much denser cargo than designed is considered the most likely cause of sinking.

Carroll A. Deering
Main article: Carroll A. Deering A five-masted schooner built in 1919, the Carroll A. Deering was found hard aground and abandoned at Diamond Shoals, near Cape Hatteras, North Carolina on January 31, 1921. Rumors and more at the time indicated the Deering was a victim of piracy, possibly connected with the illegal rum-running trade during Prohibition, and possibly involving another ship, SS Hewitt, which disappeared at roughly the same time. Just hours later, an unknown steamer sailed near the lightship along the track of the Deering, and ignored all signals from the lightship. It is speculated that Hewitt may have been this [42] mystery ship, and possibly involved in the Deering crew's disappearance.

Flight 19
Main article: Flight 19

US Navy Avengers, similar to those of Flight 19.

Flight 19 was a training flight of five TBM Avenger torpedo bombers that disappeared on December 5, 1945, while over the Atlantic. The squadron's flight plan was scheduled to take them due east from Fort Lauderdale for 141 miles, north for 73 miles, and then back over a final 140-mile leg to complete the exercise. The flight never returned to base. The disappearance is attributed by Navy investigators to navigational error leading to the aircraft running out of fuel. One of the search and rescue aircraft deployed to look for them, a PBM Mariner with a 13-man crew, [43] also disappeared. A tanker off the coast of Florida reported seeing an explosion and observing a widespread oil slick when fruitlessly searching for survivors. The weather was becoming stormy by the [44] end of the incident. According to contemporaneous sources the Mariner had a history of explosions due to vapour leaks when heavily loaded with fuel, as for a potentially long search and rescue operation.

Star Tiger and Star Ariel

Main articles: G-AHNP "Star Tiger" and G-AGRE "Star Ariel"

G-AHNP Star Tiger disappeared on January 30, 1948 on a flight from the Azores to Bermuda; GAGRE Star Ariel disappeared on January 17, 1949, on a flight from Bermuda to Kingston, Jamaica. [45] Both were Avro Tudor IV passenger aircraft operated by British South American Airways. Both planes were operating at the very limits of their range and the slightest error or fault in the equipment could keep them from reaching the small island. One plane was not heard from long before it would [15] have entered the Triangle.

Douglas DC-3
Main article: NC16002 disappearance On December 28, 1948, a Douglas DC-3 aircraft, number NC16002, disappeared while on a flight from San Juan, Puerto Rico, to Miami. No trace of the aircraft or the 32 people onboard was ever found. From the documentation compiled by the Civil Aeronautics Board investigation, a possible key to the plane's disappearance was found, but barely touched upon by the Triangle writers: the plane's batteries were inspected and found to be low on charge, but ordered back into the plane without a recharge by the pilot while in San Juan. Whether or not this led to complete electrical failure will never be known. However, since piston-engined aircraft rely upon magnetos to provide spark to their [46] cylinders rather than a battery powered ignition coil system, this theory is not strongly convincing.

KC-135 Stratotankers
On August 28, 1963, a pair of US Air Force KC-135 Stratotanker aircraft collided and crashed into the [6][12][13] Atlantic. The Triangle version (Winer, Berlitz, Gaddis ) of this story specifies that they did collide and crash, but there were two distinct crash sites, separated by over 160 miles (260 km) of water. [15] However, Kusche's research showed that the unclassified version of the Air Force investigation report stated that the debris field defining the second "crash site" was examined by a search and rescue ship, and found to be a mass of seaweed and driftwood tangled in an oldbuoy.

Connemara IV
A pleasure yacht was found adrift in the Atlantic south of Bermuda on September 26, 1955; it is [12][13] usually stated in the stories (Berlitz, Winer ) that the crew vanished while the yacht survived being at sea during three hurricanes. The 1955 Atlantic hurricane season shows Hurricane Ione passing nearby between the 14th and 18th of that month, with Bermuda being affected by winds of almost [15] gale force.

For decades, the Atlantic Oceans fabled Bermuda Triangle has captured

the human imagination with unexplained disappearances of ships, planes, and people. Some speculate that unknown and mysterious forces account for the unexplained disappearances, such as extraterrestrials capturing humans for study; the influence of the lost continent of Atlantis; vortices that suck objects into other dimensions; and other whimsical ideas. Some explanations are more grounded in science, if not in evidence. These include oceanic flatulence (methane gas erupting from ocean sediments) and disruptions in geomagnetic lines of flux. Environmental considerations could explain many, if not most, of the disappearances. The majority of Atlantic tropical storms and hurricanes pass through the Bermuda Triangle, and in the days prior to improved weather forecasting, these dangerous storms claimed many ships. Also, the Gulf Stream can cause rapid, sometimes violent, changes in weather. Additionally, the large number of islands in the Caribbean Sea creates many areas of shallow water that can be treacherous to ship navigation. And there is some evidence to suggest that the Bermuda Triangle is a place where a magnetic compass sometimes points towards true north, as opposed to magnetic north. The U.S. Navy and U.S. Coast Guard contend that there are no supernatural explanations for disasters at sea. Their experience suggests that the combined forces of nature and human fallibility outdo even the most incredulous science fiction. They add that no official maps exist that delineate the boundaries of the Bermuda Triangle. The U. S. Board of Geographic Names does not recognize the Bermuda Triangle as an official name and does not maintain an official file on the area. The ocean has always been a mysterious place to humans, and when foul weather or poor navigation is involved, it can be a very deadly place. This is true all over the world. There is no evidence that mysterious disappearances occur with any greater frequency in the Bermuda Triangle than in any other large, well-traveled area of the ocean.

1945: December 5, Flight 19 (5 TBF Avengers) lost with 14 airmen, and later the same day PBM Mariner BuNo 59225 lost with 13 airmen while searching for Flight 19.[1] 1948: January 30, Avro Tudor G-AHNP Star Tiger lost with 6 crew and 25 passengers, en route from Santa Maria Airport in the Azores toKindley Field, Bermuda.[2] 1948: December 28, Douglas DC-3 NC16002 lost with 3 crew and 29 passengers, en route from San Juan, Puerto Rico, to Miami.[3] 1949: January 17, Avro Tudor G-AGRE Star Ariel lost with 7 crew and 13 passengers, en route from Kindley Field, Bermuda, to Kingston Airport, Jamaica.[4]

This is not an attempt to shed light on this tradegy, but a lot of buzz is being generated about the the missing Air France Airbus and its similarities to Oceanic Flight 815 on the ABC series LOST. In fact, after posting last night about the natural atmospheric electrical disturbance of The South Atlantic Anomaly, I read reports this morning that the debris field shows no signs of flight 447... the mystery has deepened. Fans of LOST know how deeply complex the show is, so I can make no attempt to explain it all here. But basically, a flight across the Pacific was brought down by a large electrical magnetic energy pulse (EMP), which was later found to be a released from "The Island". It brings to mind the natural points of energy or chakras on the planet (I will talk more about that on myMetaphysical Examiner page). On LOST, a build-up of this electromagnetic energy was released at the precise moment that the plane was within reach of the island. The show goes deeper into the Darma Initiative Poject that resulted in controling and releasing that energy at precise times to 'save the planet'. The plot of the show is that the plane crashed, but many passengers miraculously survived and were stranded on an island that has dimensional and time shifts. That might be where I lose most of you, but there is a lot of science (time travel, relativity, string theory) that is used to support this. Call it science fiction or fanatsy, it has captivated a cult-like audience that tries to make connections with everything in the show and real world pop culture. In any event, Friday morning's report stated that the debris found 'was not' from the plane. This is eerily similar to a plot on LOST, where a wealthy man, Charles Widmore, paid to transport a plane fuselage with cadavers to stage the debris from flight 815 on the ocean floor. This is not what is currently happening, but since it was brought to my attention, I wanted to share it. Now we are left to ask- Where is it? We have an uneven electrical field surrounding Earth that protects us from most, but not all, cosmic energy. If you missed the previous posts, click here for:
The South Atlanic Anomaly The Van Allen Belts images Lightning blamed for mising Air France plane The Inter Tropical Convergence Zone

While LOST is fiction, both stories do represent a fascination with missing aircraft and sea vessels. Most famous was Ameila Earhart, who went missing in 1937 while trying to cirumnavigate the globe. She was a pioneer as the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic. But when she went missing over the Pacific Ocean on July 2, 1937, it took nearly two years until she was declared dead. No wreckage was ever found.

With the search for signs of Air France Flight 447 in a vast open ocean, it was amazing that satellites and commercial pilots seemed to have found the wreckage within days. It seems more baffling now that with our current technology, the truth is we still have no sign of where it is. The question of how long the search will last begs to be answered.

The Bermuda Triangle The US board of Geographic Names does not recognize the region known as "Bermuda or Devil's Triangle", but it is commonly described as an area between Bermuda, Miami, FL and San Juan, Puerto Rico. This is well to the north of Air France Flight 447's dissappearance. However, the 'Triangle' has been an area of myth and mystery for mariners (and recently pilots) for centuries. Many theories exist as to why there have been so many dissappearances, but the most practical are environmental. Three particular theories described below are also illustrated in the slide show below. Electromagnetism: The Bermuda Triangle is one of two places on Earth (the other is off of the east coast of Japan), where a compass actually points to true north. This disruption in the magnetic field can be confusion is unexpected. Normally a compass will point towards magnetic north and can differ by up to 20 degrees. If the change is not corrected, a navagator can get lost easily. Meteorology and the Gulf Stream: This region is the source where many tropical storms and hurricanes develop. The warm water oceanic flow of the Gulf Stream can greatly influence storm paths as well as the water and air currents in the vacinity. This can overcome many efforts by ships and planes to compensate if captians and crew members are not prepared. Topography: The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a mountain range on the ocean floor that is the highest in the world. That means the deepest trenches are found here as well. This topography can affect the density and salinity of the ocean, resulting in changable currents without notice. The ridge and trenches are also a source of geologic activity. Methane vents have been described to relase large bubbles that rise to the ocean surface. The bubbles can create whirl pools, as well as changes in air density above the ocean surface. Sea or aircraft, in theory, could be greatly disrupted and therefore lost.

Most official agencies do not recognize supernatural forces in this region, but the theories are quite interesting.
light 19 was the designation of five TBM Avenger torpedo bombers that disappeared on December 5, 1945 during a United States Navyoverwater navigation training flight from Naval Air Station Fort Lauderdale, Florida. All 14 airmen on the flight were lost, as were all 13 crew members of a PBM Mariner flying boat assumed by professional investigators to have exploded in mid-air while searching for the flight. Navy investigators could not determine the cause for the loss of Flight 19 but said the aircraft may have become disoriented and ditched in rough seas after running out of fuel. .. According to Lloyd's of London records, 428 vessels were reported missing throughout the world between 1955 and 1975, and there was no greater incidence of events occurring in the Bermuda Triangle than anywhere else in the world. ii. The most famous of all the Bermuda Triangle disappearances took place in 1945. The mystery of Flight 19. On December 5, 1945, Flight 19 left the Fort Lauderdale navy air base in Florida on a routine training mission. It went well until the return flight. The patrol leader, Lieutenant Charles Taylor, began having strange difficulties. He radioed the base and said his compass was no longer working properly, and that he couldnt figure out the flights current location and direction. He tried to navigate by landmarks, but it was getting dark. Then a storm set in. Communications with the base worsened, but they still remained in contact. Eventually they lost contact, and the navy dispatched several planes to search for Flight 19, including a Marting Mariner. The Mariner could fly for twelve hours, which made it perfect for a search. But the Mariner never returned, and neither did Flight 19. Ian Thorne said in his book Bermuda Triangle, Flight 19 is one of the biggest mysteries of our time. How could five military planes, with a seasoned captain, lose their bearing. It was perfect weather out where they were flying, with good visibility and clear water. When Taylor reported in that the water didnt look right and they didnt know what was up or down, and all their instuments were not working properly, something must have happened that made all of the crew of the five planes disoriented. When the naval base was talking about sending out a rescue party while they were still in contact with Taylors squadron, and Taylor said, Dont send anyone after us. Something otherwo rldly must have been happening.(Bermuda Triangle Ian Thorp) In 1948, the airplane Star Tiger disappeared while in route to Bermuda, only moments after radioing ground crew they would arrive on schedule. In 1949, the Star Tigers sister plane, the Star Ariel, also vanished while traveling from Jamaica to Bermuda

Unsolved mystery On 30 January 1948, a BSAA Avro Tudor IV plane disappeared without trace. Twentyfive passengers and a crew of six were on board The Star Tiger. No bodies or wreckage were found. The official investigation into the disappearance concluded: "It may truly be said that no more baffling problem has ever been presented. "What happened in this case will never be known and the fate of Star Tiger must remain an unsolved mystery." But there are a number of clues in the official accident At 2,000 feet you'd be leaving report that reveal the Star Tiger had encountered very little altitude for manoeuvre problems before it reached the Azores. in any serious in-flight emergency The aircraft's heater was notoriously unreliable and the plane could have lost its had failed en route, and one of the compasses was height in seconds and gone found to be faulty. into the sea Probably to keep the plane warmer, the pilot had decided to fly the whole transatlantic route very low, at 2,000 feet, burning fuel at a faster rate. Eric Newton On approaching Bermuda, Star Tiger was a little off Air accident investigator course and had been flying an hour later than planned. In addition, the official Ministry of Civil Aviation report considered that the headwinds faced by Star Tiger may have been much stronger than those forecast. This would have caused the fuel to burn more quickly. "Flying at 2,000 feet they would have used up much more fuel," said Eric Newton, one of the Ministry of Civil Aviation's most senior air accident investigators, who reviewed the scenario for the BBC. "At 2,000 feet you'd be leaving very little altitude for manoeuvre. In any serious in-flight emergency they could have lost their height in seconds and gone into the sea." Whatever happened to the plane, it was sudden and catastrophic - there was no time to send an emergency signal. The Avro Tudor IV was a converted warplane that was eventually taken out of passenger service because of its poor safety record. Only BSAA continued to fly the aircraft. Gordon Store was chief pilot and manager of operations at BSAA. In an interview with his local newspaper last November, he said he had no confidence in the Tudor's engines. "Its systems were hopeless all the hydraulics, the airconditioning equipment and the Five US Navy planes disappeared in the triangle area in 1945 recycling fans were crammed together underneath the floor without any thought. There were fuel-burning heaters that would never work," he said.