1 2.

(b) Let X = X i i and Y = Y i i and f, g C (M ), then X 2 f = X j j (X i i f )

2 = X j (j X i i f + X i ji f) 2 = X j j X i i f + X j X i ij f

hence
2 X 2 (f g ) = X j j X i i (f g ) + X j X i ij (f g )

= X j j X i ((i f )g + f i g ) + X i X j (j (i f g + f i g ))
2 2 = X j j X i ((i f )g + f i g ) + X i X j (ji f g + i f j g + j f i g + f ji g) 2 2 = (X j j X i i f + X j X i ji f )g + f (X j j X i i g + X j X i ji g ) + 2X j X i i f j g

= (X 2 f )g + f (X 2 g ) + 2(Xf )(Xg ) the extra term doesnt always vanish, so X 2 is not a derivation.