1

gii chi tit thi th i hc - m 602

Cu 1. Cc cht khi t chy hon ton cho
2 2
CO H O
n = n l
(3). Xicloankan C
n
H
2n

(5). Anken C
n
H
2n

(6). Ancol khng no (c mt lin kt i C=C), mch h C
n
H
2n
O
a

(8). Anehit no, n chc, mch h C
n
H
2n
O
(9). Axit no, n chc, mch h C
n
H
2n
O
2

Vy dy l 3, 5, 6, 8, 9. p n ng l C
Ch : Hp cht dng C
n
H
2n
O
x
th khi t chy hon ton u to ra:

2 2
CO H O
n = n
Cu 2. X phi l axit 3 hiroxipropanoic. Tht vy
HO-CH
2
-CH
2
-COOH + Na NaO-CH
2
CH
2
COONa + H
2
|
a (mol) a (mol)
HO-CH
2
-CH
2
-COOH + NaHCO
3
HOCH
2
CH
2
COONa + CO
2
| + H
2
O
a (mol)
p n ng l C
Cu 3. Theo bi ra:
2
-3
-3
O
33,6.10
n = = 1,5.10
22,4
(mol)
PTHH: 2H
2
O
2

2
MnO
2H
2
O + O
2
|
3.10
-3
(mol) 1,5.10
-3
(mol)
Suy ra:
2 2
-3
H O (p/)
n = 3.10 (mol)
Tc trung bnh ca phn ng (tnh theo H
2
O
2
)

2 2 2 2
2 2
-3
H O H O (P / ) -4
H O
C n
3.10
v = = = = 5,0.10
t t.V 60.0,1
A
A A
(mol/(l.s))
p n ng l C
Cu 4. Vit phng trnh ion rt gn ca cc phn ng cho:
(1). SO
4
2-
+ Ba
2+
BaSO
4
+
(2). SO
4
2-
+ Ba
2+
BaSO
4
+
(3). SO
4
2-
+ Ba
2+
BaSO
4
+
(4). 2H
+
+ SO
4
2-
+ BaSO
3
BaSO
4
+ + SO
2
| + H
2
O
(5). 2NH
4
+
+ SO
4
2-
+ Ba
2+
+ 2OH
-
BaSO
4
++ 2NH
3
| + 2H
2
O
(6). SO
4
2-
+ Ba
2+
BaSO
4
+
Cc phn ng u c cng phng trnh ion rt gn: (1), (2), (3), (6)
p n ng l B
Cu 5. Theo bi ra: n
HCl
= 0,2.0,1 = 0,02 (mol); n
NaOH
=
40.4
= 0,04 (mol)
100.40

Theo bi ra:
+ 0,02 mol amino axit X tc dng va vi 0,02 mol HCl trong X c 1 nhm NH
2

+ 0,02 mol amino axit X tc dng va vi 0,04 mol NaOH trong X c 2 nhm COOH
t cu to X dng H
2
N-R-(COOH)
2

Ta c: H
2
N-R(COOH)
2
+ HCl ClH
3
N-R(COOH)
2

0,02 mol 0,02 mol 0,02 (mol)

2
Suy ra:
3 2
ClH NR(COOH)
3,67
M = = 183,5
0,02

R + 35,5 + 17 + 90 = 183,5 R = 41 (C
3
H
5
)
Vy X l H
2
NC
3
H
5
(COOH)
2
. p n ng l D
Cu 6. Photpho trng (P
4
) c cu trc tinh th phn t ( nt mng l cc phn t P
4
)
- Nc (H
2
O rn) thuc loi tinh th phn t (nt mng l cc phn t H
2
O)
- Kim cng c cu trc tinh th nguyn t ( nt mng l cc nguyn t cacbon)
- th rn, mui n (NaCl) tn ti dng tinh th ion (nt mng l cc ion Na
+
, Cl
-
lun phin
nhau trn cc nh ca hnh lp phng)
p n ng l B
Cu 7. Theo bi ra: n
KOH
= 0,1.0,4 = 0,04 (mol); n
ancol
=
-3
336.10
= 0,015 (mol)
22,4

Ta c s :
Hn hp X (no, n chc) + KOH 1 mui + 1 ancol
Trong khi X c 1 este RCOOR v 1 axit RCOOH
Suy ra: n
RCOOR
= n
ancol
= 0,015 (mol)
n
RCOOH
= n
KOH
- n
ancol
= 0,04 0,015 = 0,025 (mol)
Gi thit, cc hp cht trong X u mch h t c cng thc chung l C
n
H
2n
O
2
(este v
axit no, h, n chc, c cng cng thc chung)
Phng trnh t chy: C
n
H
2n
O
2

2
+O
nCO
2
+ nH
2
O

2 2
CO H O
n = n
Theo bi ra, khi lng bnh ng Ca(OH)
2
tng chnh bng tng khi lng ca CO
2
v H
2
O c
hp th vo, do :

2 2
CO H O
44.n + 18.n = 682
M
2 2
CO H O
n = n
Suy ra:
2 2
CO H O
n = n = 0,11 (mol)
Gi s nguyn t cacbon trong mt phn t axit RCOOH l a, s nguyn t cacbon trong mt
phn t este l (a + r)
V nguyn t cacbon c bo ton, nn ta c:

2
C(RCOOH) C(RCOOR') C(O )
n + n = n
0,025.a + 0,015.(a + r) = 0,11.1 5a + 3(a + r) = 22 8a + 3r = 22
Ta c bng:
r 1 2 3 4 5
a 19/8 2 13/8 10/8 7/8
Kl Loi Tha Loi Loi Loi
Vy axit l CH
3
COOH; este l CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
. p n ng l D
Cu 8. Theo bi ra: n
NaOH
= a (mol);
2
H
22,4.a
n = = a (mol)
22,4

Ta thy: n
X
= n
NaOH
=
2
H
n
trong phn t X c 1 nhm chc tc dng vi 1 NaOH; 2 nhm chc tc dng c vi 2Na
Do cu to X c th l HO-CH
2
-C
6
H
4
-OH. Tht vy:
HO-CH
2
-C
6
H
4
-OH + NaOH HO-CH
2
-C
6
H
4
-ONa + H
2
O
HO-CH
2
-C
6
H
4
-OH + 2Na NaO-CH
2
-C
6
H
4
-ONa + H
2

p n ng l A

3
Cu 9. t Y trn ngn la n kh, thy ngn la c mu vng trong Y c nguyn t natri
Hai mui X, Y c th l KMnO
4
, NaNO
3
:
2KMnO
4
K
2
MnO
4
+ MnO
2
+ O
2
|
2 (mol) 1 (mol)
NaNO
3
2NaNO
2
+ O
2

2 (mol) 1(mol)
p n ng l A
Cu 10.
+ X (C
3
H
7
NO
2
) + NaOH H
2
NCH
2
COONa + Z
cht hu c Z l CH
3
OH. Tht vy:
H
2
NCH
2
COOCH
3
+ NaOH H
2
NCH
2
COONa + CH
3
OH
+ Y (C
3
H
7
NO
2
) + NaOH CH
2
=CHCOONa + T| + .
Kh T l NH
3
. Tht vy:
CH
2
=CHCOONH
4
+ NaOH CH
2
=CHCOONa + NH
3
| + H
2
O
Vy Z, T ln lt l CH
3
OH v NH
3
. p n ng l A
Cu 11. Cc ipeptit to ra t alanin v glyxin:
Ala Gly; Gly Ala; Gly Gly; Ala Ala (4 ipeptit)
p n ng l A
Cu 12. Theo bi ra:

2
H O
0,351
n = = 0,0195 (mol)
18
;
2
CO
0,4368
n = = 0,0195 (mol)
22,4


2 2
CO H O
n = n
Mt khc: X tc dng c vi Cu(OH)
2

Suy ra, X c th l mt anehit no, h, n chc. Vy X c th l C
2
H
5
CHO
p n ng l B
Cu 13. S phn ng:
Al H
2
SO
4
(l) Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
Ba(OH)
2
BaSO
4
+ O
2
, t
o
BaSO
4

Fe FeSO
4
Fe(OH)
2
+ Fe
2
O
3

H
2
SO
4

(X) (Y) (Z)
Vy trong Z c BaSO
4
v Fe
2
O
3
. p n ng l C
Cu 14.
a) 4HCl + PbO
2
PbCl
2
+ Cl
2
+ 2H
2
O
Cht kh
b) HCl + NH
4
HCO
3
NH
4
Cl + CO
2
+ H
2
O
c) 2HCl + 2HNO
3
2NO
2
+ Cl
2
+ 2H
2
O
Cht kh
d) 2HCl + Zn ZnCl
2
+ H
2

C 2 phn ng trong HCl th hin tnh kh
p n ng l D
Cu 15. T visco l t nhn to
- Phn ng iu ch cao su buna N t buta 1,3 ien v acrilonitrin
(CH
2
=CH-CN) l phn ng trng hp
- Poli (etylen terephtalat) c iu ch bng phn ng trng ngng:


4
nHOOC-C
6
H
4
-COOH + nHO-CH
2
-CH
2
-OH
axit terephtalic etilen glicol (-OC-C
6
H
4
-COO-CH
2
-CH
2
-O-)
n
+ 2nH
2
O
Poli (etylen terephtalat)

- Trng hp stiren thu c polistiren:
nC
6
H
5
-CH=CH
2

o
t ,p, xt
(-CH(C
6
H
5
)-CH
2
-)
n

Polistiren
p n ng l C
Cu 16. iu kin cc cht (monome) tham gia phn ng trng hp l c lin kt bi trong phn t.
Th d nh:
+ 1,1,2,2 tetraftoluen: nCF
2
=CF
2
(-CF
2
-CF
2
-)
n

+ Propilen: nCH
2
=CHCH
3
(-CH
2
-CH(CH
3
)-)
n

+ Stiren: nC
6
H
5
CH=CH
2
(-CH(C
6
H
5
)-CH
2
-)
n

Polistiren
+ Vinyl clorua: nCH
2
=CHCl (-CH
2
-CH(Cl)-)
n

Poli (vinyl clorua)
p n ng l B
Cu 17. Xenluloz (C
6
H
10
O
5
)
n
c cc tnh cht:
- C dng si (si xenluloz): Phn t c phn t khi rt ln, mch khng phn nhnh v
khng xon
- Tan trong nc Svayde (dung dch [Cu(NH
3
)
4
](OH)
2

- Phn ng vi HNO
3
c/H
2
SO
4
c:
[C
6
H
7
O
2
(OH)
3
]
n
+ 3nHNO
3
()
2 4
H SO dac
[C
6
H
7
O
2
(NO
3
)
3
]
n
+ 3nH
2
O
- B thy phn trong dung dch H
+
/t
o
:
(C
6
H
10
O
5
)
n
+ nH
2
O
+ o
H , t
nC
6
H
12
O
6

Xenluloz Glucoz
Xenluloz c cc tnh cht 1, 3, 4, 6. p n ng l B
Cu 18. Theo bi ra:
2
H
0,224
n = = 0,01 (mol)
22,4
; n
cht tan
= 0,5.0,04 = 0,02 (mol)
+ Trng hp 1: Kim loi M l kim loi kim oxit l M
2
O
M + H
2
O MOH +
2
1
H
2
|
x x 0,5x (mol)
M
2
O + H
2
O 2MOH
y 2y (mol)
Theo bi ra ta c:
0,5.x = 0,01
x + 2y = 0,02
M.x + (2M + 16)y = 2,9

Gii ra ta c x = 0,02; y = 0 loi
+ Trng hp 2: M l kim loi kim th oxit l MO
M + 2H
2
O M(OH)
2
+ H
2
|
x x x
MO + H
2
O M(OH)
2

y y

5
Theo bi ra ta c:
x = 0,01
x + y = 0,02
Mx + (M + 16).y = 2,9

x = 0,01
y = 0,01
M = 137 (Ba)

Vy kim loi M l Ba. p n ng l A
Cu 19. t cng thc ca anken l C
n
H
2n
. Gi x, y ln lt l s mol ca H
2
, C
n
H
2n
c trong hn
hp X.
C
n
H
2n
+ H
2

Ni
C
n
H
2n+2
Ban u: y x 0
Phn ng: y y y
Cn li: 0 (x y) y
Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng, ta c: m
X
= m
Y
= 2x + 14n.y
Theo bi ra:
X
m 2x + 14ny
= = 9,1.2 = 18,2
x + y x + y
(1)

Y
m 2x + 14ny
= 13.2 = 26
(x - y) + y x
(2)
T (1, 2)
x + y 26 10
= =
x 18,2 7

10x = 7x + 7y 3x = 7y y =
3x
7
(3)
Thay (3) vo (2) ta c:
14.n.3x
2x +
7
= 26
x
n = 4
Suy ra: anken c CTPT l C
4
H
8

V anken ny c kh nng cng HBr cho sn phm hu c duy nht nn anken phi c cu to: CH
3
-
CH=CH-CH
3

Tht vy: CH
3
-CH=CH-CH
3
+ HBr CH
3
-CH
2
-CH(Br)-CH
3

Sn phm duy nht
p n ng l C
Cu 20. Theo bi ra: n
NO
=
3,66
= 0,15 (mol)
22,4

Gi x, y ln lt l s mol Fe
3
O
4
v Cu phn ng
Theo bi ra, ta c: 232x + 64y + 2,4 = 61,2 232x + 64 y = 58,8 (1)
V Cu (kim loi) cn d nn trong dung dch Y c hai loi mui l Cu(NO
3
)
2
v Fe(NO
3
)
2

Do c cc qu trnh cho nhn electron xy ra l
Cu - 2e Cu
2+

y 2y y

+8/3
Fe +
2
3
e Fe
+2

3x 3.
2
3
x 3x
+5 +2
N + 3e N
0,45 0,15 (mol)
V
e (cho) e (nhn)
n = n

nn: 2y = 2x + 0,45 (2)

6
T (1), (2) ta c: x = 0,15; y = 0,375
Vy: m =
3 2 3 2
Cu(NO ) Fe(NO )
m + m = 188.y + 180.3x
= 188.0,375 + 180.3.0,15 = 151,5 (gam)
p n ng l B
Cu 21. Theo bi ra:
2
SO
3,248
n = = 0,145 (mol)
22,4

C qu trnh nhn electron: S
+6
+ 2e S
+4

0,29 0,145 (mol)
+ Trng hp 1: Gi s oxit st l FeO:
Fe
2+
- 1e Fe
+3

0,29 (mol) 0,29 (mol) 0,29 (mol)
m
FeO
= 0,29.72 = 20,88 (gam)
Suy ra: m
mui
=
2 4 3
Fe (SO )
0,29
m = .400 = 58 (gam)
2

+ Trng hp 2: Gi s oxit st l Fe
3
O
4
:
3Fe
8/3
_ 3.1/3e 3Fe
+3

3.0,29 0,29 (mol)
Suy ra:
3 4
Fe O
3.0,29
m = .232 = 67,28 (gam)
3
= 20,88 (gam)
loi trng hp ny. p n ng l D
Cu 22. Theo bi ra:
2
H
4,48
n = = 0,2 (mol)
22,4
;
2
CO
26,4
n = = 0,6 (mol)
44

t Y l R
1
COOH (C
a
H
b
O
2
) (x mol)
Z l R
2
(COOH)
2
(C
a
H
c
O
4
) (y mol)
S cc phn ng:
R
1
COOH + Na R
1
COONa +
2
1
H
2

x 0,5x (mol)
R
2
(COOH)
2
+ 2Na R
2
(COONa)
2
+ H
2

y y
Theo bi ra, ta c: 0,5x + y = 0,2 (1)
C
a
H
b
O
2

2
+O
aCO
2

x a.x (mol)
C
a
H
c
O
4
2
+O
aCO
2

y a.y (mol)
Theo bi ra, ta c: ax + ay = 0,6 a(x + y) = 0,6 a =
0,6
x + y
(2)
T (1) x + y > 0,2. Thay vo (2) suy ra: a <
0,6
= 3
0,2

V axit a chc, nn a > 1. Vy a = 2
Suy ra: Y l CH
3
COOH; Z l HOOC-COOH (3)
T (1), (2), (3) ta c x = 0,2; y = 0,1
Vy:
Z/X
0,1.90.100%
%m = = 42,86 %
(0,1.90 + 0,2.60)
. p n ng l C
Cu 23. X, Y ln lt l: HOCH
2
-CHO

7
V HO-CH
2
-CH
2
-CHO. Tht vy:
- Cc cht ny c % khi lng oxi ln lt l 53,33% v 43,24% (nh bi ra)
- u tc dng vi Na (nhm OH)
- u c phn ng trng gng (nhm CHO)
p n ng l A
Cu 24. Theo bi ra:
2
CO
3,967
n = = 0,1775 (mol)
22,4
;
2
CO
6,38
n = = 0,145 (mol)
44

t cng thc chung ca 2 este l
n 2 n 2
C H O (este no, mch h, n chc).
Phng trnh phn ng t chy este:

n 2 n 2
C H O +
2
3n - 2
O
2
| |
|
\ .
n CO
2
+ n H
2
O

3n - 2
2
n
0,1775 (mol) 0,145 (mol)
Suy ra: 0,1775. n = 0,145.
3n - 2
2
| |
|
\ .

0,1775. n = 0,2175. n - 0,145 0,04 n = 0,145 n = 3,625
Vy CTPT 2 este l C
3
H
6
O
2
v C
4
H
8
O
2
. p n ng l A
Cu 25. Cc PTHH xy ra cc th nghim:
(I) Fe + H
2
SO
4
(l) FeSO
4
+ H
2

(II) SO
2
+ Br
2
+ 2H
2
O H
2
SO
4
+ 2HBr
(III) CO
2
+ H
2
O + NaClO HClO + NaHCO
3

C 3 phn ng ha hc xy ra: p n ng l B
Cu 26. Nhit si ph thuc vo:
+ Lin kt hiro gia cc phn t
+ Phn t khi ca cht
Dy sp xp nhit si tng dn l
CH
3
CHO < C
2
H
5
OH < HCOOH < CH
3
COOH. p n ng l B
Cu 27. Theo bi ra:
2 3
H Al(OH)
3,36 39
n = = 0,15 (mol); n = = 0,5 (mol)
22,4 78
+
S phn ng xy ra:
Al Al NaAl(OH)
4


o
t

+NaOH

2
CO
Al(OH)
3
+
Fe
3
O
4
Fe Fe (rn)
Al
2
O
3
H
2
|
Al + NaOH + 3H
2
O NaAl(OH)
4
+
2
3
H
2
|
0,1 (mol) 0,15
V nguyn t nhm c bo ton nn:
n
Al (ban u)
=
3
Al(OH)
n = n
Al (d)
+ n
Al (p/ nhit nhm)

0,5 = 0,1 + n
Al (p/ nhit nhm)

n
Al (p/ nhit nhm)
= 0,5 0,1 = 0,4 (mol)
8Al
(d)
+ 3Fe
3
O
4

o
t
9Fe + 4Al
2
O
3

0,4 0,15 (mol)
Suy ra:
3 4
Fe O
n
(ban u)
= 0,15 (mol)

8
Vy m = m
Al (ban u)
+
3 4
Fe O
m = 0,5.27 + 0,15.232 = 48,3 (gam)
p n ng l B
Cu 28. Theo bi ra:
2
O X
1,6
n = n = = 0,05 (mol)
32

M
X
=
3,7
= 74
0,05

X
2
+ O
CO
2


1
(mol)
74

0, 7
(mol)
22, 4

Suy ra, s nguyn t cacbon trong 1 phn t X bng n
C(X)
>
0,7.74
= 2,313
22,4.1

V X phn ng c vi NaOH v dung dch AgNO
3
trong NH
3
nn trong phn t X c > 2
nguyn t oxi
Gi s phn t X c 2 nguyn t oxi X c cng thc phn t C
3
H
6
O
2
. Cu to ca X tha
mn s l HCOOC
2
H
5

Nu phn t X c 3,4 nguyn t oxi: khng c CTPT, CTCT no tha mn
p n ng l A
Cu 29. Theo bi ra:
2
Br X
48 13,44
n = = 0,3 (mol); n = = 0,6 (mol)
160 22,4


2 2
Ag C
36
n = = 0,15 (mol)
240
+

Gi x, y, z ln lt l s mol ca CH
4
, C
2
H
4
v C
2
H
2
trong 8,6 gam X. Suy ra, s mol ca CH
4
,
C
2
H
4
v C
2
H
2
trong 13,44 lt kh X l kx, ky v kz
Theo bi ra, ta c:
16x + 28y + 26z = 8,6 (1)
k(x + y + z) = 0,6 (2)

* X + Br
2
:
C
2
H
4
+ Br
2
C
2
H
4
Br
2

y y
C
2
H
2
+ 2Br
2
C
2
H
2
Br
4

z 2z
Ta c: y + 2z = 0,3 (3)
* X + AgNO
3
/NH
3
(Ag
2
O/NH
3
):
C
2
H
2
+ Ag
2
O
3
NH
Ag
2
C
2
+ + H
2
O
kz kz
Ta c: kz = 0,15 (4)
T (1, 2, 3, 4) ta c: x = 0,2; y = 0,1; z = 0,1
Vy %
4
CH /X
0,2.100%
V = = 50%
0,2 + 0,1 + 0,1

(Cht kh c t l th tch cng l t l v s mol). p n ng l A
Cu 30. V tr cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon:

Nhm IA IIA IVA VA
Chu k 2 N
Chu k 3 Na Mg Si P
Chu k 4 K

9
Theo quy lut bin i bn knh nguyn t trong chu k v trong nhm, ta c:
Na > Mg > Si > P (Trong chu k)
K > Na (Trong nhm)
P > N (Trong nhm)
Suy ra: K > Na > Mg > Si > P > N K > Mg > Si > N
p n ng l D
Cu 31. Theo bi ra: n
Fe
=
2,24
= 0,04 (mol)
56
,

3 3 2
AgNO Cu(NO )
n = 0,2.0,1 = 0,02 (mol); n = 0,2.0,5 = 0,1 (mol)
Cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra:
Fe
(d)
+ 2AgNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
2
+ 2Ag+
0,01 0,02 0,02 (mol)
Fe + Cu(NO
3
)
2

(d)
Fe(NO
3
)
2
+ Cu+
0,03 0,03 0,03 (mol)
Cht rn thu c gm Ag (0,02 mol) v Cu (0,03 mol)
m
Y
= m
Ag
+ m
Cu
= 0,02.108 + 0,03.64 = 4,08 (gam)
p n ng l B
Cu 32. Theo bi ra: n
X
=
3
3
67,2.10
= 3.10 (mol)
22,4

n
X
=
2,24
= 0,1 (mol)
22,4
;
3
CaCO
2
n = = 0,02 (mol)
100
+
Cc phng trnh ha hc xy ra:
Al
2
O
3

dpnc
2Al +
2
3
O
2
| (*)
C + O
2
CO
2

2C + O
2
2CO
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2

(d)
CaCO
3
+ + H
2
O
Trong hn hp kh c th c cc kh sau:
CO
2
(x mol); CO (y mol) v O
2
(z mol)
Theo bi ra, ta c: x + y + z = 3000 (1)

44x + 28y + 32z
= 16.2 44x + 28y + 32z = 96000
x + y + z
(2)
Khi 0,1 mol X + Ca(OH)
2
d 0,02 mol CaCO
3
(0,02 mol CO
2
)
3000 mol X z mol CO
2

z = 600
T (1), (2), (3) ta gii ra c: x = 600; y = 1800; z = 600 (3)
Suy ra, tng s mol kh O
2
sinh ra theo phng trnh (*) (p dng bo ton nguyn t oxi):

2
O
y 1800
n = x + + Z = 600 + + 600 = 2100 (mol)
2 2

V H = 100% m
Al
=
2100.2.27
= 75.600 (gam) = 75,6 (kg)
1,5

p n ng l D
Cu 33.
Theo bi ra:
3 2
Cu(NO )
n = 0,8.0,2 = 0,16 (mol) ;
2 4
H SO
n = 0,8.0,25 = 0,2 (mol)
Suy ra:
-
3
NO
n = 0,16.2 = 0,32 (mol) ;
2+ +
Cu H
n = 0,16 (mol); n = 0,2.2 = 0,4 (mol)

10
Fe +
-
3 (d)
NO + 4H
+
Fe
3+
+ NO| + 2H
2
O
0,1 0,1 0,4 0,1 0,1 (mol)
Sau phn ng, thu c hn hp bt kim loi (Fe v Cu) nn xy ra cc phn ng:
Fe + 2Fe
3+
3Fe
2+

0,05 0,1 (mol)
Fe
(d)
+ Cu
2+
Fe
2+
+ Cu+
0,16 0,16 0,16 (mol)
Cht rn sau phn ng c 0,16 mol Cu;
m
- (0,1 + 0,05 + 0,16)
56
(
(

mol Fe
Theo bi ra, ta c: 0,16.64 + m (0,1 + 0,05 + 0,16).56 = 0,6m
0,4m = 0,31.56 0,16.64 = 7,12 m = 17,8 (gam)
V = V
NO
= 0,1.22,4 = 2,24 (lt). p n ng l C
Cu 34.
+ 3NaOH + Cr(NO
3
)
3
Cr(OH)
3
+ 3NaNO
3

NaOH
(d)
+ Cr(OH)
3
Na[Cr(OH)
4
] (tan)
+ CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ H
2
O
CO
2

(d)
+ CaCO
3
+ H
2
O Ca(HCO
3
)
2

(tan)

+ 4HCl + Na[Al(OH)
4
] Al(OH)
3
+ NaCl + 4H
2
O
3HCl
(d)
+ Al(OH)
3
AlCl
3
+ 3H
2
O
(tan)

+ 3NH
3

(d)
+ 3H
2
O + AlCl
3
Al(OH)
3
+ + 3NH
4
Cl
p n ng l D
Cu 35.
+ 2KClO
3

o
2
MnO , t
3O
2
| + 2KCl

100
122,5

1,5.100
(mol)
122,5

+ 2KMnO
4

o
t
O
2
| + K
2
MnO
4
+ MnO
2


100
158

0,5.100
(mol)
158

+ 2KNO
3

o
t
O
2
| + 2KNO
2


100
101

0,5.100
(mol)
101

+ 2AgNO
3

o
t
2Ag + 2NO
2
| + O
2
|

100
170

0,5.100
170

Suy ra, cht to lng O
2
ln nht l KClO
3
. p n ng l C
Cu 36. Ta c:
2
CuCl
n = 0,5.0,1 = 0,05 mol ; n
NaCl
= 0,5.0,5 = 0,25 (mol)
kh ht ion Cu
2+
th thi gian in phn cn:
(Cu
2+
+ 2e Cu+, y l qu trnh kh xy ra u tin)
t
Cu
=
Cu
m .n.F 0,05.64.2.96500
= = 1930
A.I 64.5
(giy) < 3860 (giy)
Thi gian in phn H
2
O ( catot) l 3860 1930 = 1930 (giy)
2H
2
O + 2e 2OH
-
+ H
2
|

11
Suy ra:
-
OH
I.t 5.1930
n = = = 0,1 (mol)
n.F 1.96500

Phng trnh ha hc ha tan Al trong dung dch thu c:
Al + OH
-
+ 3H
2
O [Al(OH)
4
]
-
+
2
3
H
2

0,1 0,1 (mol)
Vy m = m
Al (max)
= 0,1.27 = 2,70 (gam)
p n ng l C
Cu 37.
+) NaCl + KOH khng xy ra
+) Na
2
CO
3
+ Ca(OH)
2
2NaOH + CaCO
3
+
+) 2NaCl + 2H
2
O
dpnc, mn
2NaOH + Cl
2
| + H
2
|
+) Cu(OH)
2
+ NaNO
3
khng xy ra
+) NH
3
+ Na
2
CO
3
khng xy ra
+) Na
2
SO
4
+ Ba(OH)
2
BaSO
4
+ + 2NaOH
Cc th nghim iu ch c NaOH l II, III, VI. p n ng l A
Cu 38. Cc cht tc dng c vi Na: c nhm OH trong phn t
- Cc cht tc dng vi Cu(OH)
2
(t
o
thng) c 2 nhm OH 2 nguyn t cacbon cnh nhau
trong phn t
Cc cht va tc dng vi Na v Cu(OH)
2
l cht c 2 nhm OH cnh nhau trong phn t.
Cc cht l
a) HO-CH
2
-CH
2
-OH
c) HOCH
2
-CH(OH)-CH
2
OH
d) CH
3
-CH(OH)-CH
2
OH
p n ng l D
*Ch : Ch nhng ancol a chc c 2 nhm OH cnh nhau (tr ln) mi tc dng vi Cu(OH)
2

(nhit thng) to thnh dung dch phc cht c mu xanh
Cu 39. Theo bi ra:
2 4
H SO
n = 0,1.0,05 = 0,005 (mol) ; n
HCl
= 0,1.0,1 = 0,001 (mol)
n
NaOH
= 0,1.0,2 = 0,02 (mol);
2
Ba(OH)
n = 0,1.0,1 = 0,01 (mol)
Suy ra:
+
2 4
HCl H SO
H
n = n + 2.n = 0,01 + 2.0,005 = 0,02 (mol)

-
2
NaOH Ba(OH)
OH
n = n + 2n = 0,02 + 0,01.2 = 0,04 (mol)
Qu trnh xy ra: H
+
+ OH
-
H
2
O
Ban u: 0,02 0,04 (mol)
Phn ng: 0,02 0,02 (mol)
Cn li: 0 0,02 (mol)

-
0,02
OH = = 0,1 (M)
0,1 + 0,1
(

pOH = -lg.0,1 = 1 pH = 14 1 = 13,0
p n ng l B
Cu 40.
*Trng hp 1: X l flo, Y l clo:
Gi x, y ln lt l s mol ca NaF, NaCl
Theo bi ra, ta c: 42x + 58,5y = 6,03 (1)
NaF + AgNO
3
khng xy ra
NaCl + AgNO
3
AgCl + + NaNO
3

y y (mol)

12
Ta c: 143,5.y = 8,61 y = 0,06
T (1, 2) ta c: x = 0,06; y = 0,06
Vy
NaF/hh
0,06.42.100%
%m = = 41,8 (%)
6,03
p n ng l D
* Trng hp 2: Hai mui NaX v NaY u to kt ta vi AgNO
3

t cng thc chung ca 2 mui l Na X
Na X + AgNO
3
AgX + + NaNO
3

Khi 1 mol NaX 1 mol Ag X khi lng tng 85 gam
Vy khi tng (8,61 6,03) th s mol NaX l:

NaX
8,61 - 6,03
n = = 0,03 (mol)
85

Suy ra:
X
6,03
M = = 201
0,03

(Khng c halogen no c trong t nhin m c M > 201 loi trng hp ny)
Cu 41. Theo bi ra: n
KOH
= 0,1.1,5 = 0,15 (mol);
3 4
H PO
n = 0,2.0,5 = 0,1 (mol)
V 1 <
3 4
KOH
H PO
n 0,15
= = 1,5 < 2
n 0,1
nn:
KOH + H
3
PO
4
KH
2
PO
4
+ H
2
O
KOH + KH
2
PO
4
K
2
HPO
4
+ H
2
O
Vy thu c hn hp KH
2
PO
4
v K
2
HPO
4
. p n ng l C
Cu 42.
+ 1 mol X 4 mol CO
2
Trong phn t X c 4 nguyn t cacbon
+ X tham gia phn ng trng bc trong phn t X c nhm CHO
+ X + Br
2

1 : 1
Sn phm cng Phn t X c 1 lin kt i C=C
+ X + Na xy ra X c nhm OH hoc COOH
X l HO-CH
2
-CH=CH-CHO. p n ng l D
Cu 43. Saccaroz (C
12
H
22
O
11
) khng lm mt mu nc brom
- Xenluloz ([C
6
H
10
O
5
]
n
) c cu trc mch khng phn nhnh, khng xon
- Amilopectin c cu trc mch phn nhnh
- Glucoz b oxi ha bi AgNO
3
/NH
3

p n ng l C
Cu 44. Theo bi ra:

3 2 3
Cu(NO ) AgNO
n = 0,1.0,2 = 0,02 (mol); n = 0,1.0,2 = 0,02 (mol)
Trc tin: Fe + 2AgNO
3
2Ag+ + Fe(NO
3
)
2

Khi 0,02 mol AgNO
3
phn ng ht th khi lng thanh kim loi s tng:
0,02.108 0,01.56 = 1,6 (gam) < 1,72 (gam)
AgNO
3
phn ng ht, v mt phn Cu(NO
3
)
2
phn ng
Fe + Cu(NO
3
)
2
Cu+ + Fe(NO
3
)
2

Khi 1 mol Fe 1 mol Cu Khi lng tng 8 gam khi khi lng tng 1,72 1,6 = 0,12 gam
s mol Fe phn ng l
0,12.1
= 0,015 (mol) < 0,02
8

Vy tng khi lng Fe phn ng l: m
Fe
= (0,01 + 0,015).56 = 1,40 (gam)
p n ng l A
Cu 45. Cc phn ng xy ra trong s trn:


13
Cr(OH)
3
+ KOH
o
t
KCrO
2
+ 2H
2
O
(X)
2KCrO
2
+ 3Cl
2
+ 8KOH 2K
2
CrO
4
+ 6KCl + 4H
2
O
(Y)

2K
2
CrO
4
+ H
2
SO
4
K
2
Cr
2
O
7
+ K
2
SO
4
+ H
2
O
(Z)
K
2
Cr
2
O
7
+ 6FeSO
4
+ 7H
2
SO
4
Cr
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ K
2
SO
4
+ 7H
2
O
p n ng l D
Cu 46. Gi x l s mol FeCl
2
s mol NaCl l 2x. Theo bi ra, ta c:
127x + 2x.58,5 = 24,4 244x = 24,4 x = 0,1
Cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra:
NaCl + AgNO
3
AgCl + + NaNO
3

2x 2x
FeCl
2
+ 3AgNO
3

(d)
2AgCl
2
+ + Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ Ag+
x 2x x
Vy cht rn gm c AgCl (4x mol), Ag (x mol)
Vy m = m
AgCl
+ m
Ag
= 4.0,1.143,5 + 0,1.108 = 68,2 (gam)
p n ng l C
*Ch : FeCl
2
+ 2AgNO
3
Fe(NO
3
)
2
+ 2AgCl +
Fe(NO
3
)
2
+ AgNO
3

(d)
Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ Ag+
Cu 47. Theo bi ra: n
X
=
NaOH
25,75
= 0,25 (mol); n = 0,3.1 = 0,3 (mol)
103

Este X c dng H
2
N-R-COOR
Ta c: 16 + R + 44 + R = 103 R + R = 43 (C
3
H
7
)
V ROH c R + 17 > 32 R > 15 (CH
3
)
Do , gi tr tha mn ca R, R ln lt l R = CH
2
(14); R = C
2
H
5
(29)
Vy X l H
2
N-CH
2
-COOC
2
H
5

H
2
N-CH
2
-COOC
2
H
5
+ NaOH H
2
N-CH
2
-COONa + C
2
H
5
OH
0,25 0,25 0,25 (mol)
Sau phn ng, cht rn thu c gm:
NaOH: 0,3 0,25 = 0,05 (mol); Mui: 0,25 (mol)
Vy m = m
NaOH (d)
+ m
mui
= 0,05.40 + 0,25.97 = 26,25 (gam)
p n ng l A
Cu 48. Theo bi ra:
2
O
17,92
n = = 0,8 (mol)
22,4

t cng thc chung ca hai anehit l
n 2n
C H O (anehit no, mch h, n chc)
* X + H
2
:

n 2n 2 n 2n + 2
C H O + H C H O
m (g) ( m + 1) (gam)
Ta c: m +
2
H
m = m + 1
2
H
m = 1 (g)
2
H
n = 0,5 (mol) = n
anehit







14
* X + O
2
:

n 2n
C H O+
n
2
3 - 1
O
2
| |
|
\ .

2
nCO +
2
nH O
1 (mol)
n
3 - 1
2
| |
|
\ .
mol
0,5 (mol) 0,8 (mol)
Ta c: 0,8.1 = 0,5.
n
3 - 1
2
| |
|
\ .
3 n - 1 = 3,2 n = 1,4
Vy m = 0,5. (14. n + 16) = 0,5. (14.1,4 + 16) = 17,8 (gam)
p n ng l A
Cu 49. X + Br
2

1 : 1
XBr
2

%m
Br
=
160.100
= 74,08
X + 160
16000 = 74,08.X + 160.74,08 X = 56 (C
4
H
8
)
V X + HBr 2 sn phm hu c
X c cu to: CH
2
=CH-CH
2
-CH
3

(But 1 en)
p n ng l A
Cu 50. ng dng khng phi ca ozon l iu ch oxi trong phng th nghim. ( iu ch oxi
trong phng th nghim ngi ta nhit phn KClO
3
(xc tc MnO
2
, KMnO
4
,). p n ng l D
Cu 51. Trong dung dch glucoz tn ti c dng mch h (vng o , | - glucoz) v dng mch
h:
Vng o - glucoz

CH
2
(OH)(CHOH)
4
CHO

vng | glucoz
- dng mch h (CH
2
(OH)-[CHOH]
4
CHO) c 5 nhm OH k nhau
- Khi glucoz dng mch vng, ch c nhm OH C
1
(OH) hemiaxetal) tc dng vi
CH
3
OH (xc tc HCl) to ra metyl glicozit
- Glucoz (dng mch h c nhm CHO) tc dng c vi nc brom:
CH
2
(OH)-(CHOH)
4
CHO + Br
2
+ H
2
O CH
2
(OH)(CHOH)
4
COOH + 2HBr
p n ng l C
Cu 52. chua (do H
+
) ca t tng ln khi bn NH
4
NO
3
(mui to t axit mnh HNO
3
v baz
yu NH
3
):
NH
4
NO
3
NH
4
+
+ NO
3
-

NH
4
+

H
+
+ NH
3

p n ng l C
Cu 53. Theo bi ra:
2
NO
1,344
n = = 0,06 (mol)
22,4

Gi x, y ln lt l s mol ca Cu, Al trong hn hp X
Theo bi ra, ta c: 64x + 27y = 1,23 (1)
Cc qu trnh xy ra:
Cu - 2e Cu
2+

x 2x
Al - 3e Al
3+

y 3y
N
+5
+ 1e N
+4

0,06 0,06 (mol)

15
Ta c: 2x + 3y = 0,06 (2)
T (1), (2) ta c: x = 0,015; y = 0,01
Sc kh NH
3
d vo dung dch Cu(NO
3
)
2
, Al(NO
3
)
3
th ch c kt ta ca Al(OH)
3

Al(NO
3
)
3
+ 3NH
3
+ H
2
O Al(OH)
3
+ + 3NH
4
NO
3

y y
m =
3
Al(OH)
m = 0,01.78 = 0,78 (gam)
+

%m
Cu/X
=
64.x.100% 64.0,015.100%
= = 78,05%
1,23 1,23

p n ng l D
Cu 54. Theo bi ra: n
Ag
=
54
= 0,5 (mol)
108

Thng thng: RCH
2
OH
+CuO
RCHO
2 3
+Ag O/NH
2Ag+
0,2 (mol) 0,4 (mol)
Nhng theo bi ra: n
Ag
= 0,5 > 0,4 (mol) c anehit fomic HCHO
Suy ra, trong X c CH
3
OH v C
2
H
5
OH (hai ancol no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong
dy ng ng)
CH
3
OH HCHO 4Ag+
x 4x
C
2
H
5
OH CH
3
CHO 2Ag +
y 2y
Theo bi ra ta c:
x + y = 0,2
4x + 2y = 0,5

x = 0,05
y = 0,15

Vy m =
3 2 5
CH OH C H OH
m + m = 0,05.32 + 0,15.46 = 8,5 (gam)
p n ng l B
Cu 55. Pin c sut in ng chun ln nht khi pin to ra t cp in cc cch xa nhau nht trong
dy in ha
Do , trong cc pin cho th pin Zn Cu (v tr ca cp Zn
2+
/Zn v Cu
2+
/Cu cch xa nhau
nht). c S chun ln nht

2+ 2+
o o o
pin
Cu /Cu Zn /Zn
E (Zn - Cu) = E -E = + 0,34 - (-0,76) = 1,1 V
p n ng l B
Cu 56. Cc phn ng ha hc xy ra trong s trn:
CH
3
-CH(OH)-CH
2
-CH
3

o
2 3
H SO d, 170 C
CH
3
-CH=CH-CH
3
+ H
2
O
Butan 2 ol (X)
CH
3
-CH=CH-CH
3
+ HBr CH
3
-CH
2
-CH(Br)-CH
3

(X) (Y)
CH
3
-CH
2
-CH(Br)-CH
3
+ Mg
ete
CH
3
-CH(MgBr)CH
2
-CH
3

(Y) (Z)
p n ng l D
Cu 57. Theo bi ra:
2
H
6,4
n = = 0,04 (mol)
160
; n
NaOH
= 0,04.0,75 = 0,03 (mol)
Gi x, y, z ln lt l s mol ca CH
2
=CH-COOH; CH
3
COOH v CH
2
=CH-CHO trong hn
hp X
Theo bi ra, ta c: x + y + z = 0,04 (1)



16
* X + dung dch Br
2
:
CH
2
=CH-COOH + Br
2
CH
2
Br-CHBr-COOH
x x
CH
2
=CH-CHO + 2Br
2
+ H
2
O CH
2
Br-CHBr-COOH + 2HBr
z 2z
Ta c: x + 2z = 0,04 (2)
* X + NaOH:
CH
2
=CH-COOH + NaOH CH
2
=CH-COONa + H
2
O
x x
CH
3
COOH + NaOH CH
3
COONa + H
2
O
y y
Ta c: x + y = 0,03 (3)
T (1), (2), (3) ta gii ra c: x = 0,02 ; y = 0,01; z = 0,01
Vy
2
CH =CH-COOH
m = 72.x = 72.0,02 = 1,44 (gam)
p n ng l D
Cu 58. Nc cng toan l hn hp axit HCl v HNO
3
c kh nng ha tan vng
Al + 3HCl + HNO
3
AlCl
3
+ NO| + 2H
2
O
0,02 0,06 (mol) 0,02 (mol)
Vy n
HCl
= 0,06 (mol); n
NO
= 0,02 (mol). p n ng l C
*Ch : Khng xt qu trnh to phc ca AuCl
3
:
AuCl
3
+ HCl

H[AuCl
4
] Axit tetracloroauric
Cu 59. Qu trnh in li ca mui tan trong nc:
CH
3
COONa CH
3
COO
-
+ Na
+

0,1M 0,1M
Qu trnh phn li ca axit axetic:
CH
3
COOH

CH
3
COO
-
+ H
+

Ban u 0,1M 0,1M 0
Phn li x x x
Cn bng (0,1 x) (0,1 + x) x
Ta c:
| |
+ -
3
-5
a
3
H CH COO
x(0,1 + x)
K = = = 1,75.10
CH COOH 0,1 - x
( (


Gi thit x << 0,1 0,1 + x ~ 0,1; 0,1 x ~ 0,1
Do :
-5
0,1.x
= 1,75.10
0,1

x =
-5
1,75.10 ( << 0,1 gi thit ng)
Vy pH = -lg[H
+
] = -lgx = -lg(1,75.10
-5
) = 4,76
p n ng l A
Cu 60. S : C
6
H
6

1
H = 60%
C
6
H
5
NO
2

2
H = 50%
C
6
H
5
NH
2

78 (gam) 93 (gam)
156 (gam) x ?
Suy ra: x =
156.93
= 186 (gam)
78

V H = H
1
.H
2
=
60 50
. .100% = 30%
100 100


17
Nn: m
anilin
=
186.30
= 55,8 (gam)
100

p n ng l B