1

gii chi tit thi th i hc - m 492

Cu 1. Ni dung ng l C. p n ng l C
Cu 2. Z = 1, nguyn t hiro (H): Phi kim
Z = 2, nguyn t Heli (He): Kh him
Z = 3, nguyn t Liti (Li): Kim loi kim (IA)
Z = 4, nguyn t Beri (Be): Kim loi (nhm IIA)
Cc kim loi l Z v T. p n ng l B
*Ch : Cc kim loi thng c 1, 2 hoc 3 electron lp ngoi cng (tr B, He v H). Ngoi ra,
mt s kim loi c th c 4 electron (Thic Sn, Ch Pb), 5 electron (Bitmut Bi) hoc 6 electron
(Poloni Po) lp electron ngoi cng
Cu 3.
- D kin thc nghim l thuc tnh (tnh cht) vt l ca cht, do n ph thuc vo tinh
th cu to ca cht
- Tinh th mui n (NaCl) l tinh th ion, tinh th nc (H
2
O rn) c cu trc tinh th
phn t
- Vy c th kt lun: tinh th ion bn hn tinh th phn t. Tht vy, tinh th ion c lc lin
kt gia cc ion trong tinh th l lc tnh in, lc ny ln tinh th bn. Cn cc phn t
trong tinh th phn t lin kt vi nhau bng tng tc yu gia cc phn t (lin kt hiro,
tng tc Vanecvan) tinh th km bn
p n ng l C
Cu 4. Cc phn ng (1), (2) c phng trnh ion rt gn:
(1) Ag
+
+ Fe
+2
Fe
+3
+ Ag
(2) Mn + 2H
+
Mn
2+
+ H
2

T (1) Ag
+
c tnh oxi ha mnh hn Fe
+3

T (2) H
+
c tnh oxi ha mnh hn Mn
2+

Trong dy in ha: Ag ng sau H Ag
+
c tnh oxi ha mnh hn H
+

Do tnh oxi ha tng dn theo trt t: Mn
2+
, H
+
, Fe
+3
, Ag
+

p n ng l D
Cu 5. Ta c s phn ng: Kim loi + oxi oxit
-2
( O + 2e O )
Do : m
kim loi
+ m
oxi
= m
oxit

m
oxi
= m
oxit
- m
kim loi
= 3,33 2,13 = 1,2 gam
n
O
= 1,2/16 = 0,075 (mol) =
2-
O
n
Qu trnh ha tan oxit vo dung dch axit:
-2
O + 2H
+
H
2
O

+ 2-
H O
n = 2.n = 2.0,075 = 0,15 (mol) n
HCl
=
+
H
n = 0,15 (mol)
Vy: V
dd HCl
=
0,15
= 0,075
2
lt = 75 (ml). p n ng l C
Cu 6. S :
X (Cu, Fe)
2 4
H SO c, nng
dung dch Y + hn hp cc kim loi
V thu c hn hp cc kim loi cc kim loi Fe v Cu u d (axit H
2
SO
4
ht). Vy cc
phn ng xy ra:
Fe + 6H
2
SO
4

(c, nng)
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3SO
2
+ 6H
2
O
Cu + 2H
2
SO
4

(c, nng)
CuSO
4
+ SO
2
+ 2H
2
O

2
Fe
(d)
+ Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
3FeSO
4

Cu + Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
FeSO
4
+ CuSO
4

Fe
(d)
+ CuSO
4
FeSO
4
+ Cu
Vy trong dung dch Y ch cha FeSO
4

p n ng l C
*Ch : Gii thch da vo dy in ha ca kim loi:
Fe
2+
H
+
Cu
2+
Fe
3+

Fe H Cu Fe
2+

Cu 7. ktc (0
o
C, 1atm); 1 mol bt k kh no cng chim th tch 22,4 lt nng kh =
1/22,4 (mol/lt)
Gi s ban u c n
1
mol NH
3
( 0
o
C), th tch ca bnh l V lt
Ta c: C
o
=
1
n 1
=
V 22,4
(mol/lt)
0
o
C (273
o
K) P
1
.V = n
1
.R.T
1

546
o
C (819
o
K) P
2
.V = n
2
.R.T
2

Theo bi ra: P
2
= 3,3.P
1

T
2
= 3.T
1

n
2
/n
1
= 3,3/3 = 1,1 n
2
= 1,1.n
1

Suy ra: s mol kh tng 1,1.n
1
n
1
= 0,1.n
1
(mol)
2NH
3

N
2
+ 3H
2

Ban u: n
1
mol 0 0
Phn ng: 2x x 3x
Cn bng: n
1
2x x 3x
n
2
= n
1
2x + x + 3x = n
1
+ 2x
Ta c: n
2
= 1,1.n
1
n
1
+ 2x = 1,1.n
1
x = 0,05.n
1

Do : [N
2
] =
1
n x 0,05
= 0,05. = (M)
V V 22,4

[H
2
] =
3x 0,15
= (M)
V 22,4

[NH
3
] =
1 1 1 1
n - 2x n - 2.0,05.n n 0,9
= = 0,9. = (M)
V V V 22,4

Vy K
C
=
| | | |
| |
3
3
2 2 -7
2 2
3
N . H
0,05/22,4.(0,15/22,4)
= = 4,15.10
(0,9/22,4)
NH

p n ng l A
Cu 8. Cc ion phn ng c vi ion CO
3
2-
khi:
+ To ra cht khng tan (mui cacbonat khng tan)
+ To ra cht kh (kh CO
2
)
Dy cc ion l:
Ca
2+
+ CO
3
2
CaCO
3
+
Mg
2+
+ CO
3
2
MgCO
3
+
2HSO
4
-
+ CO
3
2
CO
2
| + H
2
O + 2SO
4
2

2H
+
+ CO
3
2
CO
2
| + H
2
O
p n ng l B
Cu 9. Cc PTHH xy ra:
FeCl
3
+ 3NaOH Fe(OH)
3
+ + 3NaCl
Fe(OH)
3
+ NH
3


3
CuCl
2
+ 2NaOH Cu(OH)
2
+ + 2NaCl
Cu(OH)
2
+ 4NH
3
[Cu(NH
3
)
4
]
2+
+ 2OH
-

Tan
AlCl
3
+ 3NaOH Al(OH)
3
+ + 3NaCl
Al(OH)
3
+ NaOH Na[Al(OH)
4
]
Tan
Na[Al(OH)
4
] + NH
3

ZnCl
2
+ 2NaOH Zn(OH)
2
+ 2NaCl
Zn(OH)
2
+ 2NaOH Na
2
[Zn(OH)
4
]
Tan
Na
2
[Zn(OH)
4
] + NH
3


Vy ch c 1 ng nghim cui cng vn c kt ta. p n ng l A
Cu 10. Cc kim loi c tnh kh trung bnh (sau Al) v yu (sau H) th oxit ca n b CO kh
thnh kim loi tng ng nhit cao:
ZnO + CO
o
t
Zn + CO
2

CuO + CO
o
t
Cu + CO
2

Fe
x
O
y
+ yCO
o
t
xFe + yCO
2

p n ng l D
Cu 11. Cc cht (cc ng phn) c CTPT: C
2
H
2
ClF
n =
2.2 + 2 - 2 - 1 - 1
= 1
2
()
(V ch c 2 nguyn t C, cc nguyn t H, Cl, F ch c ha tr I nn hp cht khng th c cu to
vng)
H Cl H H H F
C = C C = C C = C
H F Cl F Cl H
c 3 cht. p n ng l B
*Ch : +CH
2
=CFCl: khng c ng phn hnh hc
+ CHF= CHCl: c ng phn hnh hc
Cu 12. Hirocacbon c cu to
CH
3

CH
3
-CH
2
-CH-CH
2
-C-CH
3

CH
3
-CH CH
3

CH
3

Vit li:
CH
3

CH
3
- CH - CH - CH
2
- C - CH
3

CH
3
C
2
H
5
CH
3

C tn gi: 4 etyl 2,2,5 trimetylhexan. p n ng l D
*Ch :
- Mch cacbon chnh ca ankan:
+ Mch cacbon di nht:
+ Cha nhiu nhnh nht
- Cch nh s th t nguyn t cacbon trn mnh chnh:
+ T pha gn nhnh nht
+ T pha nhiu nhnh nht
(m bo sao cho tng ch s cc mch nhnh l nh nht)

4
- Th t gi tn cc mch nhnh: Theo th t vn A, B, C
Cu 13. Theo bi ra: n
A
= 1,12/22,4 = 0,05 (mol)

3 4 3 6 3 8
C H C H C H
m = 40; m = 42; m = 44

3 6
A C H
M = 21.2 = 42 = M
Do c th gi thit coi hn hp A ch cha C
3
H
6
(0,05 mol):
C
3
H
6

2
+O
3CO
2
+ 3H
2
O
mol 0,05 0,15 0,15
tng khi lng bnh ng nc vi trong d chnh bng tng khi lng CO
2
v H
2
O (sn
phm chy):
m =
2 2
CO H O
m + m = 0,15.44 + 0,15.18 = 9,3 gam
p n ng l A
Cu 14. p n ng l B
Cu 15. t cng thc phn t ca ancol n chc C
x
H
y
O
Theo bi ra, ta c: 12.x + 1.y = 16.1.3,625 = 58
Ta c bng: iu kin: x, y e N*, y s 2x + 2
x 1 2 3 4 5
y 46 34 22 10 -2
KL Loi Loi Loi C
4
H
10
, tha Loi
Vy CTPT ca ancol ny l C
4
H
10
O
C
4
H
10
O c cc ng phn ancol l
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
OH, CH
3
CH
2
CH(OH)CH
3

(CH
3
)
2
CHCH
2
OH (CH
3
)
3
C-OH (4 cht)
p n ng l B
Cu 16. t cng thc ca lipit l: (R
1
COO)
2
(R
2
COO)C
3
H
5

Theo bi ra: n
glixerol
= 46/92 = 0,5 (mol)
PTHH thy phn:
(R
1
COO)
2
(R
2
COO)C
3
H
5
+ 3H
2
O C
3
H
5
(OH)
3
+ 2R
1
COOH + R
2
COOH
mol 0,5 0,5
Theo PTHH: n
lipit
= n
glixerol
= 0,5 (mol)
M
lipit
=
m 444
= = 888 (gam/mol)
n 0,5

Suy ra: 2R
1
+ R
2
+ 3.44 + 41 = 888 2R
1
+ R
2
= 715
- Gi s R
1
< R
2
R
2
>
715
3
= 238,3
Suy ra R
2
= 239 (C
17
H
35
) R
1
= 238 (khng tha mn)
- Gi s R
1
> R
2
R
1
>
715
3
= 238,3 R
1
= 239 (C
17
H
35
); R
2
= 237 (C
17
H
33
)
Vy hai axit bo l C
17
H
35
COOH v C
17
H
33
COOH
p n ng l A
*Ch : C
17
H
35
= 239; C
17
H
33
= 237; C
17
H
31
= 235; C
15
H
31
= 211
Cu 17. p n ng l C
Cu 18. p n ng l C
Cu 19. Cao su buna S c tng hp t buta 1,3 ien (CH
2
=CH-CH=CH
2
)
V stiren (C
6
H
5
-CH=CH
2
) bng phn ng ng trng hp:



5
CH
2
=CH-CH=CH
2
+ C
6
H
5
CH=CH
2

o
xt, t , p
(-CH
2
-CH=CH-CH
2
-CH(C
6
H
5
)CH
2
-)
Buta 1,3 ien Stiren Poli (butaien stiren)
(Cao su buna S)
p n ng l B
Cu 20. Ta c:

[Dng oxi ha] Fe
2+
H
+
Cu
2+
Fe
3+
Ag
+

[Dng kh] Fe H
2
Cu Fe
2+
Ag
Xt cc phng n sau:
A. ng Fe
2+
/Fe + Cu
2+
/Cu (quy tc o ):
Fe + Cu
2+
Fe
2+
+ Cu
B. ng: Tnh oxi ha Fe
2+
< H
+
< Cu
2+
< Ag
+

C. ng 2Fe
3+
+ Cu Cu
2+
+ 2Fe
2+

D. Sai. Fe
2+
c tnh oxi ha yu hn Cu
2+
nn Cu + Fe
2+
khng xy ra
p n ng l D
Cu 21. Tnh kh ca cc kim loi (kim loi kim th) tng theo chiu tng ca bn knh nguyn
t. p n ng l B
*Ch : Tnh kh ca kim loi (kim loi kim th,) gim theo chiu tng:
- Nng lng ion ha (I
2
)
- Th in cc chun
2+
0
M /M
(E )
- m in
Cu 22. Cc PTHH xy ra:
Al
2
O
3
+ 6HNO
3
2Al(NO
3
)
3
+ 3H
2
O
mol a 6a
CuO + 2HNO
3
Cu(NO
3
)
2
+ H
2
O
mol b 2b
Ag
2
O + 2HNO
3
2AgNO
3
+ H
2
O
mol c 2c 2c
HNO
3
c ly va (6a + 2b + 2c) mol
thu c Ag tinh khit, cn cho bt Cu vo dung dch Y:
Cu + 2AgNO
3
2Ag+ + Cu(NO
3
)
2

mol c 2c
Vy thm c mol bt Cu vo Y. p n ng l B
*Ch : thu c Ag tinh khit th khng th cho bt Al vo v
Al + 3AgNO
3
3Ag+ + Al(NO
3
)
3

2Al + 3Cu(NO
3
)
2
3Cu+ + 2Al(NO
3
)
3

Cu 23. Phng php kt ta ch c th thc hin c khi c s to thnh cht khng tan. M thc
t, tt c cc mui nitrat u tan tt trong nc, do khng th dng phng php kt ta nhn
bit ion NO
3
-

p n ng l A
*Ch : - Phng php kt ta c dng nhn bit cc anion:
Cl
-
+ Ag
+
AgCl + (trng)
CO
3
2-
+ Ca
2+
CaCO
3
+ (trng)
SO
4
2-
+ Ba
2+
BaSO
4
+ (trng)
- C th nhn bit NO
3
-
bng Cu/H
+

3Cu + 2NO
3
-
+ 8H
+
3Cu
2+
+ 2NO + 4H
2
O
Xanh

6
2NO + O
2
2NO
2
(Nu)
Cu 24. x l thy ngn ri vi, ngi ta s dng bt lu hunh
Hg
(lng)
+ S
k thng
HgS+
p n ng l D
Cu 25. Phn lp nd ni chung, phn lp 3d ni ring, c s electron ti a l 10 (phn lp d c 5
obitan nguyn t AO, mi AO c ti a 2 electron)
p n ng l C
Cu 26. Cch gii nhanh bi ny l va gii va da vo cc phng n (A, B, C, D) bin lun
- Vit cng thc ha hc ca cc cht phng n:
A. KNO
3
B. NaNO
3
C. MgSO
4
D. KClO
3

- Tm A (cation kim loi trong hp cht AB); Theo cc phng n, ta thy A c th K hoc Na
hoc Mg
Theo bi ra:
n+ n-
AB AB
A B
E + E = E = P

n+
A
E + 32 = 50
n+
A
E = 50 32 = 18 (K
+
)
Vy cation
n+
A l K
+
(Z = 19) s electron lp v ion l 19 1 = 18 (electron)
- Tm B (gc axit trong hp cht AB): Theo cc phng n, ta thy B l NO
3
-

V
n-
B t 2 nguyn t cng chu k v 2 nhm lin nhau
p n ng l A
Cu 27. + Th hnh l cc dng tn ti khc nhau ca n cht ca cng mt nguyn t ha hc
+ Kim cng, than ch l 2 dng th hnh ca nguyn t cacbon; oxi v ozon l 2 dng th
hnh ca nguyn t oxi; lu hunh n t v lu hunh t phng l 2 dng th hnh ca nguyn t
lu hunh
+ Hiro
1
1
( H) v teri
2
1
( H) khng phi l 2 th hnh ca nguyn t hiro, m l 2 ng v ca
nguyn t hiro
p n ng l C
*Ch : Hin tng th hnh c th do:
+ Cng thc phn t n cht khc nhau (v s lng nguyn t v cu to phn t)
V d: O
2
/O
3
; P
4
(photpho trng); P
n
(photpho )
+ Cu to tinh th khc nhau
V d: kim cng/ than ch, lu hunh n t lu hunh t phng
+2 +2 -2 0 +2 -2 +3 +4
Cu 28. S phn ng: Cu
2
FeS
2
+ O
2
CuO + Fe
2
O
3
+ SO
2

Fe
+2
Fe
+3
+ 1e
2S
-2
2S
+4
+ 2.6e
CuFeS
2
Fe
+3
+ Cu
+2
+ 2S
+4
+ 13e
Vy 1 phn t CuFeS
2
nhng 13 electron. p n ng l A
+1 +3 -2
*Ch : Nu coi CuFeS
2
th
Cu
+1
Cu
+2
+ 1e
2S
-2
2S
+4
+2.6e
CuFeS
2
Cu
+2
+ 2S
+4
+ 13e
u c kt qu nh nhau (nhng 13 electron)






7
Cu 29. Theo bi ra: n
NaOH
=
-
OH
n = 0,01.V (mol)
n
HCl
=
+
H
n = 0,03.V (mol)
H
+
+ OH
-
H
2
O
Ban u: 0,03.V 0,01.V
Phn ng 0,01.V 0,01.V
Cn li 0,02.V 0 (mol)
[H
+
]
(sau phn ng)
=
0,02.V
= 0,01 (M)
V + V

pH = -lg 0,01 = -lg10
-2
= 2
p n ng l D
Cu 30. Theo bi ra:
2
H
1,344
n = = 0,06 (mol)
22,4


2 4 2
H SO H
n = n = 0,06 (mol)
S phn ng: Kim loi + H
2
SO
4
(l) Mui sunfat + H
2
|
Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng: m
kim loi
+
2 4
H SO
m = m +
2
H
m
m = m
kim loi
+
2 4
H SO
m -
2
H
m = 3,22 + 0,06.98 0,06.2 = 8,98 (gam)
p n ng l B
Cu 31. Hiu sut phn ng tnh theo ancol etylic (v axit dng d):

2 5
C H OH
n
(ban u)
= 1 mol

2 5
C H OH
n
(phn ng)
= 0,6 + x = 0,6 + 0,18 = 0,78 (mol)
Vy H =
n (phn ng) 0,78
.100% = .100% = 78%
n (ban u) 1

p n ng l B
Cu 32. Dung dch mui lm qu tm chuyn sang mu khi dung dch mui c mi trng
axit mui to t axit mnh v baz yu
l cc mui: Zn(NO
3
)
2
, NH
4
Cl, Al
2
(SO
4
)
3

Th d: Khi ha tan Zn(NO
3
)
2
vo H
2
O
Zn(NO
3
)
2
Zn
2+
+ 2NO
3
-

Zn
2+
+ H
2
O

ZnOH
+
+ H
+

ZnOH
+
+ H
2
O

Zn(OH)
2
+ H
+

dung dch c mi trng axit (H
+
) lm qu tm ha
p n ng l C
Cu 33. phn bit Fe
2
O
3
v Fe
3
O
4
c th dng dung dch HNO
3
long:
Fe
2
O
3
+ 6HNO
3
2Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ 3H
2
O
3Fe
3
O
4
+ 28HNO
3
9Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ NO + 14H
2
O
2NO + O
2
2NO
2
(nu)
p n ng l D
Cu 34. Da vo tnh cht khc nhau ca CO
2
(c tnh oxi ha yu, khng c tnh kh) v SO
2
(c
tnh oxi ha, c tnh kh) phn bit:
CO
2
+ Br
2
+ H
2
O
SO
2
+ Br
2
+ 2H
2
O H
2
SO
4
+ 2HBr
Nu khng mu
Vy c th dng dung dch Br
2
phn bit CO
2
v SO
2

p n ng l B


8
Cu 35. Xt cc phng n:
A. Nu X l HOOC-COOH khng tha mn, v
HOOC-COOH + AgNO
3
/NH
3
khng phn ng
B. Nu X l OHC-CHO khng tha mn, v
OHC-CHO + H
2
O khng phn ng
C. Nu X l OHC-COOH khng tha mn, v
OHC-COOH + AgNO
3
/NH
3
khng phn ng
D. + X l CHCH tha mn
CHCH + 2AgNO
3
+ 2NH
3
AgCCAg+ + 2NH
4
NO
3

CHCH + H
2
O
o
xt, t
CH
3
CHO
+ Y l OHC-CHO, tha mn:
OHC-CHO + 4AgNO
3
+ 6NH
3
+ 2H
2
O H
4
NOOC-COONH
4
+ 4Ag + 4NH
4
NO
3

+ Z l OHC-COOH tha mn:
OHC-COOH + 2AgNO
3
+ 4NH
3
+ H
2
O H
4
NOOC-COONH
4
+ 2Ag + 2NH
4
NO
3

OHC-COOH + NaOH OHC-COONa + H
2
O
+ T l HOOC-COOH tha mn
HOOC-COOH + 2NaOH NaOOC-COONa + 2H
2
O
p n ng l D
Cu 36. PTHH:
CH
3
-CH
2
-CH
3
+ Br
2
khng phn ng (c kh thot ra)
Propan (kh)

+ Br
2
BrCH
2
-CH
2
-CH
2
Br

Xiclopropan nu nht khng mu
nc brom nht mu dn
Vy mu ca dung dch nht dn v c kh thot ra. p n ng l C
*Ch : Ankan khng phn ng vi nc brom
Cu 37. S phn ng:
C
n
H
2n

4
dd KMnO
C
n
H
2n+2
O
2

C
n
H
2n+2
O
2

2
+ O
nCO
2
+ (n + 1)H
2
O
mol x nx (n + 1)x
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2

(d)
CaCO
3
+ + H
2
O
mol nx nx
Theo bi ra:
3
CaCO
n = 4,5/100 = 0,045 = n.x (1)
Khi lng bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)
2
tng chnh bng tng khi lng CO
2
v H
2
O:
m
tng
=
2 2
CO H O
m + m 3,06 = nx.44 + (n +1).x.18 = 62.nx + 18x (2)
T (1) v (2) ta c x = 0,015; n = 3
Vy X l C
3
H
8
O
2
. p n ng l D
Cu 38. p n ng l C
Cu 39. C 2 kh nng xy ra:
+ Hn hp X gm CH
3
OH v C
2
H
5
OH
+ Hn hp X gm 2 ancol no, n chc, bc 1
R
1
CH
2
OH v R
2
CH
2
OH (RCH
2
OH)




9
- Xt trng hp 1:
Cu (r)
CH
3
OH
o
+CuO, t
H
2
O (h)
2
+Ag O
4Ag+ + CO
2
+ H
2
O
x 4x
HCHO (k)

Cu (r)
CH
3
CH
2
OH
o
+CuO, t
H
2
O (h)
2
+Ag O
2Ag+ + CH
3
COOH
y 2y
CH
3
CHO (h)
Theo bi ra, ta c: 4x + 2y = n
Ag
= 64,8/108 = 0,6 (mol) (1)

30.x + 44.y + 18(x + y)
= 13,75.2 = 27,5
2.x + 2.y

7y 7x = 0 y x = 0 y = x (2)
T (1, 2) x = y = 0,1 (mol)
Suy ra: m = 0,1.32 + 0,1.46 = 7,8 (gam)
p n ng l B
- Xt trng hp 2
Cu (r)
RCH
2
OH
o
+CuO, t
H
2
O
2
+Ag O
2Ag+ + RCOOH
z 2z
RCHO (h)
Theo bi ra, ta c: 2z = n
Ag
= 0,6 z = 0,3 (mol)

18.z + (R + 29).z
= 27,5
2.z

18.z + R.z + 29.z = 55.z R = 8
R
1
= H (M = 1) < 8 (loi)
R
2
= CH
3
(M = 15) > 8
Trng hp ny khng tha mn
*Ch : Hai ancol ng ng th phi cng bc ancol
Cu 40. Xt cc phng n:
A. Loi, v etilen CH
2
=CH
2

B. ng:
HCHO + Ag
2
O
3
NH
HCOOH + 2Ag
Hoc HCHO + 2Ag
2
O
3
NH
CO
2
+ H
2
O + 4Ag+
2CH
2
=CH-CCH + Ag
2
O
3
NH
2CH
2
=CH-CCAg+ + H
2
O
2CH
3
-CCH + Ag
2
O
3
NH
2CH
3
-CCAg + + H
2
O
C. Loi, v etilen
D. Loi, v butin 2
p n ng l B
*Ch : Phn bit:
- Anehit + Ag
2
O/NH
3
Ag+ (phn ng trng gng)
- Ankin 1 + Ag
2
O/NH
3
kt ta mu vng ( R CCAg)
- Ankin 2 + Ag
2
O/NH
3
khng phn ng
Cu 41. p n ng l C
Cu 42. p n ng l D
Cu 43. S phn ng gi nh: kC
2
H
3
Cl + Cl
2
C
2k
H
3k-1
Cl
k+1
+ HCl

10
Theo bi ra, ta c:

35,5(k + 1) 63,96 63,96
= = = 1,775
24k + 3k - 1 (100 - 63,96) 36,04

35,5k + 35,5 = 47,925k 1,775
12,425k = 37,275 k = 3
p n ng l B
*Ch : Phn ng clo ha PVC ch c th l phn ng th v phn t PVC l hp cht no
Cu 44. Trong cng nghip, phng php in phn nng chy c p dng iu ch cc kim
loi mnh (trc Al v Al) nh Na, Ca, Al
NaCl
dpnc
Na + |
2
1
Cl
2

CaCl
2

dpnc
Ca + |
2
Cl
2Al
2
O
3

dpnc
criolit
4Al + 3O
2
|
p n ng l C
Cu 45. Nc cng khi un si m mt tnh cng l nc cng c tnh cng tm thi
nc cng cha mui hirocacbonat ca canxi v magie (Ca(HCO
3
)
2
, Mg(HCO
3
)
2
)
p n ng l B
Cu 46. S cc phn ng:
CuCl
2

+KOH d
Cu(OH)
2

3
NH d
[Cu(NH
3
)
4
] (OH)
2
(dd)
ZnCl
2

+KOH d
K
2
[Zn(OH)
4
] (dd)
FeCl
3

+KOH d
Fe(OH)
3
+
3
NH d
Fe(OH)
3
+
AlCl
3

+KOH d
K[Al(OH)
4
] (dd)
Vy ch thu c 1 kt ta (Fe(OH)
3
+)
p n ng l C
*Ch : Cc PTP xy ra trong s :
CuCl
2
+ 2KOH Cu(OH)
2
+ + 2KCl
Cu(OH)
2
+ 4NH
3
[Cu(NH
3
)
4
](OH)
2

ZnCl
2
+ 2KOH Zn(OH)
2
+ + 2KCl
Zn(OH)
2
+ 2KOH (d) K
2
[Zn(OH)
4
]
FeCl
3
+ 3KOH Fe(OH)
3
+ + 3KCl
AlCl
3
+ 3KOH Al(OH)
3
+ + 3KCl
Al(OH)
3
+ KOH (d) K[Al(OH)
4
]
Cu 47. Mu sc ca mt s hiroxit kim loi:
- Fe(OH)
2
: Mu trng hi xanh
- Cu(OH)
2
: Mu xanh
- Ni(OH)
2
: Mu xanh lc
- Mg(OH)
2
: Mu trng
- Fe(OH)
3
: Mu nu
- Cr(OH)
3
: Mu xanh
- Al(OH)
3
: Kt ta keo, mu trng c
p n ng l A
Cu 48. S chuyn ha: 2CH
4
C
2
H
3
Cl
2.18kg 62,5kg
m 250 kg

4
CH
250.2.18
m = = 144 (kg)
62,5

4
3
3
CH
144.10
n = = 8.10 (mol)
18


11
V H = 50%
4
CH
n
(thc t)
=
3
3
8.10 .100
= 16.10 (mol)
50


4
CH
V
(thc t, ktc)
= 16.10
3
.22,4 = 358,4.10
3
(lt) = 358,4 (m
3
)
V
kh thin nhin
=
358,4.100
= 448,0
80
(m
3
)
p n ng l D
Cu 49. Gi x, y ln lt l s mol Zn v Fe c trong hn hp ban u.
Theo bi ra, ta c: 65x + 56y = m (1)
PTHH: Zn + CuSO
4
ZnSO
4
+ Cu+
x x (mol)
Fe + CuSO
4
FeSO
4
+ Cu+
y y (mol)
Theo bi ra, ta c: 64x + 64y = m (2)
T (1, 2) ta c: 65x + 56y = 64x + 64y x = 8y
Vy, % m
Zn
=
65.x.100% 65.x.100% 65.8y.100%
= = = 90,27%
m 65x + 56y 65.8y + 56y

p n ng l C
Cu 50. Theo bi ra:
2
H
5,32
n = = 0,2375 (mol)
22,4

n
HCl
= 0,25.1 = 0,25 (mol)

2 4
H SO
n = 0,25.0,5 = 0,125 (mol)

+
H
n
(ban u)
= 0,25.1 + 0,125.2 = 0,5 (mol)
C qu trnh xy ra: 2H
+
+ 2e H
2
|
2.0,2375 0,2375 (mol)

+
H
n
(phn ng)
= 2.
2
H
n = 2.0,2375 = 0,475 (mol)

+
H
n
(d)
= 0,5 0,475 = 0,025 (mol)
[H
+
] =
-1
0,025
= 0,1 = 10 (M)
0,25

pH = -lg10
-1
= 1
p n ng l A